HK1144269A - Tool - Google Patents

Description

Cutting tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tool for surface machining a plurality of workpieces, comprising a drive for acting on a machine shaft connected to the drive, where the tool is releasably fastened to the machine shaft.

Background

During the manufacturing process, two main applications are in principle created by using a cutting edge with an indeterminate geometry of the rotating tool, namely an axial application and a radial application. A variety of tools are used for such applications, particularly cutting tools. These tools differ in shape, structure and granularity. The machining tool is set according to boundary conditions for various machining purposes based on the size, material to be machined, and machining speed.

In general, shafts, cores or bases made of steel and separate milling inserts are preferred. The shaft has a standardized diameter and is clamped in a suitable tool holder. The core is used for fixing and supporting each milling sheet. The size and shape of the various milled pieces will depend on the intended application. The milling inserts are arranged axially with respect to the core, i.e. their active surfaces are aligned in the axial direction. The selection of the grain size of the individual milling disks is essentially determined by the material to be machined, the desired degree of material reduction and the quality of the surface of the workpiece to be formed.

A rotary motion is generated by the crankshaft drive, which drives a so-called axial cutting tool. The required rotational speed is then dependent on different factors, such as, for example, the diameter of the tool, the material to be machined or the desired surface quality.

In axial cutting tools, the machining surface is located on the lower side of the cutting tool, i.e. the milling tool is perpendicular to the surface to be machined.

The radially acting cutting tool is also formed by a shaft, preferably made of steel, and a cutting body, which is designed as a helically symmetrical basic body, for example cylindrical, with a plurality of profiling arranged on the edge to produce a chip action. In other words, such a molding portion may be formed of a plurality of milling blades which are connected to each other at a central position and protrude radially. A shaft having a diameter which is likewise set in its standardisation is clamped into a suitable tool holder. The profile on the cutting body for producing the cutting action can be made of the same material as the cutting body or of a special material, for example cemented carbide or silicon carbide (Al)₂O₃) Or diamond.

In the case of cutting action by wear by milling, the grain size of the individual milling disks or milling bodies predetermined for this purpose depends essentially on the material to be machined, the required material reduction and the surface quality of the workpiece concerned to be achieved.

Here, a so-called radial cutting tool is also set into rotation by the crankshaft drive. The required rotational speed is then dependent on different factors, such as, for example, the diameter of the tool, the material to be machined or the desired surface quality.

In radial cutting tools, the machining surface is located at the edge of the cutting tool, i.e. the milling tool and the surface to be machined are arranged parallel to each other.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on this prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a tool of the type mentioned at the outset which, in a manner which is as simple as possible, can simultaneously machine more than one surface region of a workpiece by means of a single tool.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing portion of claim 1.

Accordingly, the tool has at least two running surfaces which are provided for simultaneous action on the respective workpiece, i.e. at least one running surface which acts in the axial direction and one in the radial direction.

The tool shank provided for the connection of the tool according to the invention to the machine shaft is also preferably made of metal. However, for certain applications, the shank may also preferably be made of a non-metallic material, such as plastic or ceramic, or may be a fiber-reinforced material.

According to a preferred embodiment of the tool according to the invention, the tool is used for cutting or chip-cutting machining of an associated workpiece. It is advantageously provided here that the tool has a working surface which projects radially and/or axially from the shaft axis.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the tool according to the invention can have at least one working surface inclined at an angle of < 90 ° to the machine axis, which working surface is either additionally provided to the aforementioned working surface or is provided together with both of the aforementioned working surfaces.

A further advantageous embodiment variant of the invention can be achieved in that the tool has at least two surface regions which are inclined to different degrees to the machine axis.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a tool drive. The drive can be fully rotary and the tool loaded with it can be rotary or partially rotary, i.e. the tool according to the invention is in an oscillating rotary state in which the rotation alternates in opposite directions of rotation depending on the oscillation frequency.

Full-rotation drives are generally known, such as drill presses. Drives known as partial rotation are also known, but they are not as widely used as full rotation drives. In particular, the tools provided for the partial rotary drives must be coordinated according to opposite machining directions in order to ensure the accuracy of shape and dimensions.

The outer contour of the tool defined by the working surface is spirally symmetrical and is generally suitable for use in a tool according to the invention.

Accordingly, it is provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention that the tool is a helically symmetrical milling or sawing body. A sawing body is understood here to mean a disk-shaped milling cutter body with a small thickness.

The direction of action of such a cutter body is preferably radial, but it can also be arranged in the axial direction in special cases.

According to one embodiment, the milling tool according to the invention has at least one cutting edge, preferably 3 or more than 3 cutting edges, which are arranged in planes extending parallel and/or perpendicular to the machine axis. Optionally, the plurality of blades are arranged on a plane inclined at an angle < 90 ° to the machine axis.

In addition, the milling cutter body according to the invention may have straight or curved cutting edges, wherein the latter preferably can have a helical curve.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the tool is formed by a centrally guided, radially and/or axially adjoining milling element, wherein the milling element is preferably formed by a plurality of centrally guided, radially and/or axially adjoining milling inserts.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the tool with the milling plate has a tool shank, a base body arranged fixedly thereon and a milling plate arranged displaceably thereon, wherein the tool shank is in operative connection with the machine shaft and has an outer diameter corresponding to the predetermined milling plate.

According to a further alternative of the invention, the tool is characterized in that the tool is formed by milling bodies guided from the center, engaging in the radial and/or axial direction, wherein the milling bodies each have a basic body, the surfaces of which are each provided with milling particles.

The outer contour of the individual milling bodies can advantageously be adapted to the contour to be formed on the workpiece.

In contrast to an advantageous development of the invention, the milling particles on the surface of the respective substrate are firmly connected to the substrate concerned.

Preferably, the milling particles on the respective base body surface are provided with different particle sizes, i.e. according to the invention, the respective milling bodies are provided with different particle sizes. The grain size of the milling particles is advantageously determined by the material of which the workpiece to be machined is made.

However, it can alternatively be provided that a milling body has milling particles of different grain size and/or different material, for example, mostly with silicon carbide (Al) grains₂O₃) The formed milling particles and a small part of diamond particles.

In addition, in order to select the milling material provided for equipping the milling body according to the invention, in addition to the type of grain size, its density and layout are also decisive factors.

A metal material can preferably be considered as a support material for the milling element according to the invention. For certain applications, it may also be advantageous to provide the support body with a non-metallic material, such as plastic or ceramic, or also a fiber-reinforced material.

As mentioned above, it is designed according to the invention that the milling particles form a tight connection with the support body. Such a sufficiently mechanically stable tight connection is preferably achieved by means of an adhesive, and the adhesive is suitable for metallic or non-metallic materials. Preferably, a multi-component adhesive is used here according to the invention.

Another criterion for the effectiveness of the tool according to the invention is the range of use, that is to say the material of each workpiece to be machined and the configuration of the tool in relation to the diameter or thickness of the tool, the determination of these important factors will determine whether it is a radial tool or an axial tool.

Furthermore, the overall length of the associated tool will influence its stability and, for example, its range of applications.

Finally, in radial tools which operate with milling disks, the number of milling disks provided is a decisive factor.

These and other advantageous embodiments and refinements of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Drawings

The invention, advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention and specific advantages thereof will be described and illustrated in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. Wherein:

figure 1 shows a tool according to the invention in a side oblique view,

fig. 2 shows an example of a specific application for the tool of fig. 1.

List of reference numerals

10 knife tool

12 knife handle

14 cutter head

16 radial milling body

18 milling sheet

20 axial milling body

22 milling front

24 workpiece

26 configuration part

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a side oblique view of a tool 10 according to the invention, which has a tool disk 14 fixed to a tool shank 12 and serving as an upper limiting part of a radial milling body 16, which is formed from a plurality of centrally guided, interconnected and radially projecting milling inserts 18. The tool shown in fig. 1 is provided for a fully rotated state, that is to say, turning in one direction of rotation.

According to the invention, the milling plate 18 described above is connected to the tool shank 12 in a non-releasable manner, which is not shown in detail in this respect, and the tool shank holder of the drive provided here is insertable and fixable in it in a torque-proof manner.

Below the radial milling body 16 shown in fig. 1, an axial milling body 20 is provided, which is formed by a star-shaped milling front (Schleifkeilen)22 extending from the center, which is also connected in the center to the shank 12 in a rotationally fixed manner like the previously described milling disk 18.

The milling disk 18, like the milling front 22, is also covered with milling particles (not shown in detail), which are preferably fixed by means of an adhesive.

When the overlying milling front 22 has already been used for the grinding action on the basis of its pronounced wavy or angular shape, the grinding effect of the milling disk 18 is based on its flexibility, i.e. on the flexibility of the edge region of the milling disk 18.

When applied to each workpiece, the respective blade 18 is elastically bent in accordance with the rotation applied by the drive (not shown) and the pressing force required for the machining, so as to be guided along the workpiece surface in an approximately wide area of the blade surface. The milling particles provided on the surface of each milling disk 18 contribute to the material removal, which is determined by the machining time, the pressing force and the tool surface.

An example of a specific application for the tool of fig. 1 is shown in fig. 2. The square workpiece 24 has an edge-sided profile 26 which is machined by the tool 10 according to the invention during the treatment.

The tool 10 according to the invention is operated with a radial force component and an axial force component, which are applied to the milling body designed as the tool 10 in such a way that the milling body contributes to the profile 26 formed by the removal of the material obtained in this way.

The height or length, for example also the diameter, of the radial milling bodies 16 is to be understood here not only by the drive means or the drive output thereof to be assigned, but also the material and the associated workpiece made of this material.

Claims (22)

1. A tool (10) for surface machining a plurality of workpieces (24), with a drive for acting on a machine shaft connected to the drive, at which machine shaft the tool (10) is releasably secured to the machine shaft,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the tool (10) has at least two working surfaces which are acted upon by the drive device for simultaneously machining the associated workpiece (24).

2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool (10) is used for cutting or chip machining of the associated workpiece (24).

3. Tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in, that the tool (10) has a working surface protruding radially and/or axially from the shaft axis.

4. Tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the tool has at least one working surface inclined at an angle < 90 ° to the machine axis.

5. Tool according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in, that the tool has at least two surface areas, which are inclined to different degrees from the machine axis.

6. Tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the outer contour of the tool defined by the working surface is helically symmetrical.

7. The tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool (10) is a milling cutter body.

8. Tool according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the tool (10) consists of milling elements (16, 20) guided centrally, joined in radial and/or axial direction.

9. Tool according to claim 8, characterized in that the tool (10) consists of milling inserts (18) guided centrally, engaging in radial and/or axial direction.

10. Tool according to claim 9, characterized in that the tool (10) with the milling plate (18) has a shank (12), a basic body (14) which is fixedly arranged on the shank, and the milling plate (18) which is replaceably fixed on the basic body.

11. Tool according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in, that the tool shank (12) is brought into an effective connection with a machine shaft and has an outer diameter that corresponds to the preset milling sheet (18).

12. Tool according to claim 8, characterized in that the tool (10) consists of centrally guided, radially and/or axially engaging milling bodies (16, 20).

13. Tool according to any one of claims 8-12, characterized in that the milling elements (16, 20) each have a basic body (18, 20), the basic body surfaces each being provided with milling particles.

14. Tool according to claim 13, characterized in, that the milling particles on the surface of the respective basic body are tightly connected to the relevant basic body (18, 20).

15. Tool according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in, that the milling particles are provided with different grain sizes.

16. Tool according to claim 15, characterized in, that the grain size of the milling particles is determined by the material of which the work piece (24) to be machined is made.

17. Tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the milling tool has cutting edges which are arranged in planes extending parallel and/or perpendicular to the machine axis.

18. The tool according to claim 17, wherein the cutting edges are arranged in planes inclined at an angle of < 90 ° to the machine axis.

19. Tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the tool (10) performs a rotation imposed by a drive means.

20. Tool according to any one of claims 1-18, characterized in that the tool (10) performs an oscillatory counter-rotation applied by a drive means.

21. Tool according to any one of claims 13-16, characterized in, that the milling particles are fixed to the support material by means of an adhesive.

22. The tool according to claim 21, wherein a multi-component adhesive is used as the binder.