HK1001181B - Method and installation for antenna-selection diversity in a wireless telephone receiver - Google Patents
Method and installation for antenna-selection diversity in a wireless telephone receiver Download PDFInfo
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- HK1001181B HK1001181B HK98100233.0A HK98100233A HK1001181B HK 1001181 B HK1001181 B HK 1001181B HK 98100233 A HK98100233 A HK 98100233A HK 1001181 B HK1001181 B HK 1001181B
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Description
The invention relates to a method for controlling antenna selection in a radio receiving device as defined in the general concept of claim 1 and an arrangement for controlling antenna selection in a radio receiving device as defined in the general concept of claim 10.
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In the known system, signal fade is detected by a rapid rate of change in the received field strength, which is compared with values averaged over several periods of time (column 4, lines 47-56).
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The first is compared with a stored field value at a first measured wavelength of the antenna. If the measured field value is smaller than the stored field value, a second antenna is activated. However, if the measured field value is greater than or equal to the initial stored field value, the first is activated. In this case, the measured field value is kept constant until the value of the stored field value is reached. The second is activated even if the stored field value is not the same as the value of the stored field value.
On the basis of this state of the art, the purpose of the invention is to specify a process and arrangement of the type described at the outset which, by means of a specific control of the antennas, provides the best possible reception quality for different reception conditions and differently defective reception signals of the radio receiving equipment concerned, in particular the base station of a cordless telephone.
This task is solved, on the basis of the procedure defined in the general concept of claim 1 by the characteristic part of claim 1 or by the arrangement defined in the general concept of claim 10 by the characteristics specified in the characteristic part of claim 10.
The arrangement according to the invention analyses the reception conditions and, depending on certain criteria (measured field strength exceeds or falls below a threshold), performs various selection procedures, within each procedure the decision to activate one of several receiving antennas is made independently of the respective criterion.
The invention is based on the principle that the antenna is activated at the most favourable reception quality (see Figure 7), while the effort to update the threshold control intervals is kept relatively low.
The invention is further distinguished by the advantage of detecting areas with relatively unfavourable transmission conditions before the transmission conditions deteriorate to such an extent that transmission errors occur; at increasing or constant field strength values the antenna is not changed, although it cannot be excluded that the quality of the receiving signal on the antenna not activated is better than on the antenna activated; this measure, however, keeps the computing power of the device relatively low.
The main advantage of this embodiment is that the threshold value is formed for each measured field strength value and that, depending on the threshold value and depending on the field strength value measured during the measurement period, one or other antenna is activated for the reception of the signals for the period following the measurement period. This embodiment has a number of advantages. First, a major advantage is that the threshold value according to the invention is formed from field strength values independent of an average (over several periods of time) field strength. Such an average dependent field strength results in high relative strength values at a relatively small initial distance between the radio receiver and the radio receiver, while the field strength values would be obtained by means of a large field strength distribution (i.e. the difference between the two radio receiver and the radio receiver) and thus the field strength would be determined in a direction not dependent on the temperature of the radio receiver and the direction of the field strength, and the field strength would be determined by the absolute values of the two radio receiver and the field strength, respectively.
The advantage of the embodiment of claim 4 is that the threshold is determined by taking into account the time course of the field strength over two consecutive periods.
Beneficial embodiments of the invention are identified in the subclaims.
The invention is now described in the drawings to the extent necessary for its comprehension.
It shows:
1a radio receiver with two antennas which are activated according to the method of the invention;Fig. 2a flowchart of the process of the invention and for activating one of several different procedures by which one of several antennas of the radio receiver is selected;Fig. 3 and 4Flow diagrams of two different procedures;Fig. 5a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the spaces in which field strength values are measured and the swell formed;Fig. 6the time-based starting signals with field strengths formed and the weight points and the position of the starting signals within the time-scale of the process;Fig. 7Fig. 8the time-based starting signals with the received signal values and the position of the starting signals within the time-scale of the process;Fig. 7The time-based starting signals with the received signal values and the position of the starting signals depend on the bit wave rates and the phase change in the process;
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The TRANSC transmitter/receiver first incorporates an antenna diversity switch (ADS) controlled by CDATA control data generated by a DECT-C processor, as described below, which is fed to the TRANSC transmitter/receiver, for example via a multiplex/demultiplex MUL/DEM.
A programmable microprocessor or a hardware structure may be used as a DECT-C processor, which may include latches for interim storage of field strength and/or threshold values and comparators for comparing different values.
The DECT standard specifies the method of measuring the field strength (see DECT draft prETS 300 175-2:1991 page 31.6.2 and page 38.8.3). The channel strength is determined by measuring the field strength (minimum field strength) of the received signals. In the process of invention, the RSSI-C unit assumes a continuous function of measuring the signal strength of the receiver, which is to measure the current signal strength, while the values of the DECT signal values are measured in the field values (DECT draft prETS 300 175-2:1991 page 31.6.2 and page 38.8.3).
The multiplex/demultiplex unit MUL/DEM generates or receives, for example, 1,152 Mbit/s of data in DECT burst format and allocates received or to be sent data packets up to, for example, six internal and three external telephone connections in time division multiple access TDMA.
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It should be noted that the radio receiver described in Fig. 1 has only one (transmitting/receiving) TRANSC component and thus only one RSSI-C device for measuring the field strength values.
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The flow diagram in Figure 2 shows how to select one of two procedures P1 and P2 (selection procedures P1, P2). In principle, procedure P1 is activated when a threshold THO is exceeded, while procedure P2 is activated when this threshold THO is exceeded. However, in order to avoid frequent procedure changes in the event of an initial exceedance or sub-exceeding of the threshold THO and in the event of a predictable number of subsequent exceedance or sub-exceeding of this threshold THO, the originally implemented procedure P1, P2 is implemented.
The predefined number is realized by a counting element rssitp, which is queried at an upper and a lower counting level (S1.11,S1.12 in Fig.2). The counting element can take a range of values bounded up and down to respond to changing field strength conditions in a reasonable time.
In Figure 2 the following meanings are given:
RSSI:the field strength value just measured;THO threshold:a threshold already specified at the time of manufacture or calibrated at the time of initial operation;rssitp:a counting element, particularly one which can be achieved by appropriate software procedures;last value:the last measured field strength value, unless an antenna change has been made before the end of the operation as shown in Figure 2;change:=0 if the antenna has not been changed before the end of the operation as shown in Figure 2;
in the case of an antenna change, the field strength value measured as the last field strength value on the originally activated antenna, i.e. before the antenna change.
The initialization values are:
The test is performed on a single test tube.
In the following example, it is assumed that at the beginning of the procedure a first field strength RSSI value is 130 and thus above the threshold of THO = 80. In the two subsequent measurement periods the field strength value is 75 and thus below the threshold of THO. Thereafter the field strength assumes the value of 125 and is therefore above the threshold of THO. It is shown that each time the procedure P1 is selected, also in relation to the field strength values below the sword swell THO.
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As shown in Fig. 3, in the event of a CRC error or burst loss, the activated antenna is deactivated and the other antenna is activated. The DECT standard already provides for the switch of antennas depending on the above factors. Furthermore, in the arrangement of the invention, as shown in the context of step S.2.2, an antenna switch is triggered when last value - rssi is greater than a predetermined delta.
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Step S6 leads back to step S11.
The steps shown are implemented in particular by a control programme attached to the central DECT-C processor (Fig. 1).
This control program or the corresponding hardware structure with latches, comparators and other components is generally designed as follows (see Figures 4 and 6):
Depending on the measured field strength values (RSSI1) of the received signals and depending on the exceedance or the exceedance of a threshold value (THO), different procedures (P1,P2) are carried out, within each procedure the decision to activate one of several antennas (A1,A2) of the radio receiver is made independently of the threshold value (THO).
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If the threshold (THO) is exceeded, the received signal is also checked for burst reception and if the burst is not detected, a previously unactivated antenna (A2) of the radio receiver is activated for further signal reception.
Furthermore, if the threshold value (THO) is exceeded, the field strength values (RSSI1, RSSI2, RSSI3) measured during successive periods (T1, T2, T3) are compared and, if a measured field strength value (RSSI2) is below a predefined difference below an immediately previously measured field strength value (RSSI1), a previously unactivated antenna (A2) of the radio receiver is activated to receive further signals.
The central processor (DECT-C) also performs steps in the following manner: after a threshold (THO) is exceeded, depending on the field strengths measured in successive periods (T1,T2) (RSSI1,RSSI2) for the period (T3) following the measurement period (T2), one of several antennas (A1,A2) is activated to receive the signals.
The central processor (DECT-C) also performs the process steps, which are designed so that if the field strength value (RSSI2) measured in the measuring period (T2) is greater than or equal to the field strength value (RSSI1) measured in the previous period (T1), the antenna (A1) activated in the measuring period (T2) remains active for the period (T3) following the measuring period (T2). For each field strength value (RSSI1,RSSI2) measured, a further signal (TH2,TH3) is received, activated in a further period, and a further value (T2) is given for the field strength value (T2) measured in the previous period (T2) and a further signal (TH2,TH3) is received in a further period (T2) depending on the frequency of the measuring period (T2) and the frequency of the measuring period (T2) (T2) (T2) (T2) (T2) (T2) (T2)).
In this context, after an antenna change (A1-A2), the first threshold value (TH21,TH27,TH28,TH39,TH40,TH41) is formed as a maximum of two values, the first value of which is equal to the field strength value (RSSI20,RSSI26, RSSI27 ,RSSI38,RSSI39,RSSI40) measured as the last measured value before the antenna change and the second value of which is equal to the first field strength value measured after the antenna change (RSSI21,RSSI27,RSSI28,RSSI39,RSSI40,RSSI41) minus a predictable value (delta, Fig.4).
According to another rule, the first threshold TH21 after an antenna change is formed as the arithmetic mean of two values, the first of which is the product of a factor a and the field strength RSSI20 (last measured before the antenna change) and the second of which is the product of a factor b and the field strength RSSI21 (first measured after the antenna change).
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Each channel 0 to 23 is assigned a period of 416.7 μs, of which 364.6 μs are used to transmit 32 sync bits and 398 data bits. The remaining period of 416.7 μs to 364.6 μs is a so-called guard time, which is used, inter alia, to adjust the TRANSC transmitter or receiver to a further frequency in the range 1880-1900 MHz (frequency and time multiplex) as provided for in the DECT standard.
For example, a duplex channel between the base station and a mobile device consists of time channel 0 (FT to PT) and time channel 12 (PT to FT). For example, time channel 12 corresponds to the period T1 mentioned above, in which the field strength value RSSI1 is measured. In the following TDMA frame, again in time channel 12, which corresponds to the period T2 and begins 10 ms after the beginning of the period T1, the following field strength value RSSI2 is measured.
The formation of a threshold value can generally be done not only depending on two field strength values but on a number of field strength values.
Figure 6 shows the relationship between the RSSI field strength values measured at different times, the threshold values TH formed depending on these RSSI field strength values and the corresponding activation of the A1, A2 receiving antennas of the system, in particular in the case of a threshold below THO (procedure P2).
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The first step is to assume that the A1 antenna is active. In the intervals T1 to T5 inclusive, successive increasing field strength values RSSI1...RSSI6 are measured. The threshold values TH2...TH7 are followed up accordingly, with the threshold value THn+1 being one delta (Fig. 4, steps S12,S23) below the threshold value RSSIn.
In the periods T6 and T7, a constant field strength RSSI7, RSSI8 is measured, thus producing threshold values TH7 and TH8.
At decreasing field strength (T8-T9), the threshold TH10 (=TH9) remains constant, as RSSI9 does not fall below TH9.
In the following (T10-T17) the field strength increases again, or remains constant, with the thresholds updated as described above and the original antenna A1 remains active.
At the beginning of the period T19, the measured field strength RSSI19 is equal to the threshold TH19; thereafter, the field strength RSSI20 falls below the corresponding threshold TH20.
The field strength then decreases or remains constant until it falls below the threshold after T25 (RSSI26 < TH26), resulting in the antenna change A2/A1.
The new threshold TH27 is calculated as Max ((RSSI26, RSSI27-delta).
The first measured field strength value RSSI28 is above the threshold value TH28, which is formed accordingly Max ((RSSI27, RSSI28-delta). Thereafter, the field strength values increase or remain constant until the time T36. At the beginning of the period T37, RSSI37 is above TH37, so that the recently activated antenna A2 remains activated and the new threshold TH38 remains unchanged from the threshold value TH37. At the beginning of the period T38, RSSI38 is below TH38, so that the antenna is switched (A2/A1).
It is generally agreed that the new threshold after an antenna change ensures that the threshold is exceeded even in the case of relatively poor transmission ratios on both antennas A1, A2.
Figure 7 shows an exemplary RSSI path on any measuring distance n to n + 2,70 m travelled by the mobile unit in relation to the base station, starting at any starting point and extending in any direction over 2,70 m.
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Figure 7 shows that reception on the more favourable antenna A1, A2 is almost always guaranteed.
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For field strength values below THO, procedure P2 results in a greater reduction in the bit error rate than procedure P1, while for field strength values above THO, procedure P1 results in a greater reduction in the bit error rate than procedure P2.
Claims (13)
- A method for controlling antenna selection in a radio receiver, in particular the base station (FT) or the mobile unit (PT) of a cordless telephone, having a device (RSSI-C) for measuring the field strength of received signals and a central processor (DECT-C, TH-G), which forms at least one threshold value (H0, TH2, TH3, TH21, TH27, TH28, TH39, TH40, TH41) from the measured field strengths, characterized in that the central processor (DECT-C, TH-G) carries out method steps configured in such a way that different selection procedures (P1, P2) are realized as a function of measured field strength values (RSSI1) of received signals and as a function of their overshooting or undershooting of a first threshold value (TH0), it being the case, however, that within each selection procedure the decision to activate one of a plurality of antennas (A1, A2) of the radio receiver is taken independently of the first threshold value (TH0).
- The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the originally realized selection procedure (P1, P2) continues to be realized in the case of originally overshooting or undershooting the first threshold value (TH0) and in the case of a prescribable number of following instances of undershooting or overshooting the first threshold value (TH0).
- The method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the central processor (DECT-C, TH-G) of a base station (FT) corresponding to the "Digital European Cordless Telecommunications" (DECT) standard, or of a mobile unit (PT) carries out method steps configured in such a way that in the case of overshooting the first threshold value (TH0), the received signal is checked for a transmission error in one of the check words (CRC, A-CRC, X-CRC), and in that in the case of detection of such an error an antenna (A2), not previously activated, of the radio receiver is activated for further reception of signals.
- The method as claimed in one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the central processor (DECT-C, TH-G) of a base station (FT) corresponding to the "Digital European Cordless Telecommunications" (DECT) standard, or of a mobile unit (PT) carries out method steps configured in such a way that in the case of overshooting the first threshold value (TH0), the received signal is checked for the reception of the burst, and in that in the case of detection of the non-reception of the burst an antenna (A2), not previously activated, of the radio receiver is activated for further reception of signals.
- The method as claimed in one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the central processor (DECT-C, TB-G) of a base station (FT) corresponding to the "Digital European Cordless Telecommunications" (DECT) standard, or of a mobile unit (PT) carries out method steps configured in such a way that in the case of overshooting the first threshold value (TH0) the field strength values (RSSI1, RSSI2, RSSI3) measured during consecutive periods (T1, T2, T3) are compared with one another, and in that if a measured field strength value (RSSI2) lies below a prescribable difference below a field strength value (RSSI1) measured immediately before, an antenna (A2), not previously activated, of the radio receiver is activated for further reception of signals.
- The method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the central processor (DECT-C, TH-G) carries out method steps configured in such a way that after undershooting the first threshold value (TH0) one of a plurality of antennas (A1, A2) is activated for reception of the signals as a function of field strengths (RSSI1, RSSI2), measured in consecutive periods (T1, T2), for the period (T3) following the measuring period (T2).
- The method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the central processor (DECT-C, TH-G) carries out method steps configured in such a way that if the field strength value (RSSI2) measured in the measuring period (T2) is greater than or equal to the field strength value (RSSI1) measured in the preceding period (T1), the antenna (A1) activated in the measuring period (T2) remains activated for the period (T3) following the measuring period (T2).
- The method as claimed in claims 6 or 7, characterized in that a second threshold value (TH2, TH3, TH21, TH27, TH28, TH39, TH40, TH41) is formed relative to each measured field strength value (RSSI1, RSSI2), and in that one of a plurality of antennas (A1, A2) is activated for reception of signals for the period (T3) following the measuring period (T2), as a function of the second threshold value (TH2) of the period (T1) preceding the measuring period (T2) and as a function of the field strength value (RSSI2) measured in the measuring period (T2).
- The method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that after an antenna switch-over (A1-A2) the second threshold value (TH21, TH27, TH28, TH39, TH40, TH41) formed for the first time is formed as the maximum of two values of which the first value is equal to the field strength value (RSSI20, RSSI26, RSSI27, RSSI38, RSSI39, RSSI40), which has been measured as the last measured value before the antenna switch-over, and of which the second value is equal to the first field strength value (RSSI21, RSSI27, RSSI28, RSSI39, RSSI40, RSSI41) measured after the antenna switch-over minus a prescribable amount (delta, Fig.2).
- An arrangement for controlling antenna selection in a radio receiver, in particular the base station (FT) or the mobile unit (PT) of a cordless telephone, having a device (RSSI-C) for measuring the field strength of received signals and a central processor (DECT-C, TH-G), which forms at least one threshold value (H0, TE2, TB3, TH21, TH27, TH28, TH39, TH40, TH41) from the measured field strengths, characterized in that means assigned to the central processor (DECT-C, TH-G) are provided which are constructed in such a way that different selection procedures (P1, P2) are realized as a function of measured field strength values (RSSI1) of received signals and as a function of their overshooting or undershooting of a first threshold value (TH0), it being the case, however, that during each selection procedure the decision to activate one of a plurality of antennas (A1, A2) of the radio receiver is taken independently of the first threshold value (TH0).
- The arrangement as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the means assigned to the processor (DECT-C, TH-G) are constructed as a control program (software means).
- The arrangement as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the means assigned to the processor (DECT-G, TH-G) are constructed as hardware means (for example, comparators, latches etc.).
- The arrangement as claimed in one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the means assigned to the processor (DECT-C, TH-G) are constructed in such a way that the method steps specified in claims 2 to 9 are carried out.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92118259 | 1992-10-26 | ||
| EP92118259 | 1992-10-26 | ||
| PCT/EP1993/002807 WO1994010764A1 (en) | 1992-10-26 | 1993-10-12 | Method and installation for antenna-selection diversity in a wireless telephone receiver |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HK1001181B true HK1001181B (en) | 1998-05-29 |
| HK1001181A1 HK1001181A1 (en) | 1998-05-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HK98100233A HK1001181A1 (en) | 1992-10-26 | 1993-10-12 | Method and installation for antenna-selection diversity in a wireless telephone receiver |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5991613A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0666002B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07508632A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1049544C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU672833B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2147765C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59302295D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0666002T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2085800T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI951956A7 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1001181A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994010764A1 (en) |
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1993
- 1993-10-12 DK DK93922941.5T patent/DK0666002T3/en active
- 1993-10-12 CA CA002147765A patent/CA2147765C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-12 DE DE59302295T patent/DE59302295D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-12 FI FI951956A patent/FI951956A7/en unknown
- 1993-10-12 AU AU51769/93A patent/AU672833B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-10-12 EP EP93922941A patent/EP0666002B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-12 HK HK98100233A patent/HK1001181A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-12 ES ES93922941T patent/ES2085800T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-12 JP JP6510618A patent/JPH07508632A/en active Pending
- 1993-10-12 US US08/424,307 patent/US5991613A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-12 WO PCT/EP1993/002807 patent/WO1994010764A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-10-26 CN CN93119642.6A patent/CN1049544C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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