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HK1097920B - Liquid crystal display apparatus including touch panel - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display apparatus including touch panel Download PDF

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Publication number
HK1097920B
HK1097920B HK07104114.6A HK07104114A HK1097920B HK 1097920 B HK1097920 B HK 1097920B HK 07104114 A HK07104114 A HK 07104114A HK 1097920 B HK1097920 B HK 1097920B
Authority
HK
Hong Kong
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
conductive film
substrate
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
HK07104114.6A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
HK1097920A1 (en
Inventor
西野利晴
森田英裕
小林君平
岩崎信
Original Assignee
联合创新技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2005189855A external-priority patent/JP5194339B2/en
Priority claimed from JP2005366545A external-priority patent/JP2007172142A/en
Priority claimed from JP2005368291A external-priority patent/JP2007171501A/en
Application filed by 联合创新技术有限公司 filed Critical 联合创新技术有限公司
Publication of HK1097920A1 publication Critical patent/HK1097920A1/en
Publication of HK1097920B publication Critical patent/HK1097920B/en

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Description

Liquid crystal display device with touch panel
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device in which a touch panel is provided in front of a liquid crystal display element.
Background
A liquid crystal display device in which a touch panel for touch input is disposed in front of a liquid crystal display element is known. This touch panel has a structure in which a pair of sheets having transparent resistive films formed thereon are disposed on one surface of a transparent substrate made of a glass plate or a resin film, and the resistive film forming surfaces are disposed so as to face each other with a gap therebetween (japanese patent application laid-open No. 2000-163208).
In this touch panel, an outer surface of one of the pair of sheets is a touch surface, and when a touch pen or the like touches an arbitrary position on the touch surface, a portion corresponding to the touched position of the one sheet is flexibly deformed, and the resistive film of the one sheet is locally in contact with the resistive film of the other sheet. In this case, by alternately applying a voltage between both ends of the one resistive film of the one sheet and between both ends of the other resistive film in the direction orthogonal to the one direction and measuring a voltage value at one end of the one resistive film and a voltage value at one end of the other resistive film, it is possible to detect coordinates of the touch point in the one direction and the direction orthogonal to the one direction.
As a liquid crystal display element provided with a touch panel, a lateral electric field control type liquid crystal display element is known in which a liquid crystal is sealed between a pair of substrates on the observation side and the opposite side thereof, which are disposed to face each other with a gap therebetween, and first and second display electrodes are provided on one of the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates facing each other so as to be insulated from each other, and a lateral electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate surface is formed therebetween by supplying a display drive voltage therebetween (japanese patent application laid-open No. 9-159996, japanese patent application laid-open No. 11-202356).
The lateral electric field controlled liquid crystal display element displays an image by supplying a display drive voltage corresponding to image data to a first display electrode and a second display electrode on an inner surface of the one substrate, and controlling an orientation direction (a direction of a molecular long axis) of liquid crystal molecules in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate surface by a lateral electric field generated between the display electrodes.
However, the touch panel is a touch panel in which a pair of resistive film sheets having resistive films formed thereon are arranged on one surface of a transparent substrate, and the resistive film forming surfaces are opposed to each other with a gap therebetween, and has a thickness obtained by adding the thickness of both the pair of resistive film sheets to the height of the gap between the resistive film sheets.
Therefore, the liquid crystal display element in which the touch panel is disposed on the observation side has a problem that the thickness of the touch panel is large.
On the other hand, in the lateral electric field controlled liquid crystal display element, since the static electricity applied from the observation side greatly affects the control of the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the lateral electric field, there is a problem that the display becomes unstable when a charged object such as a finger comes into contact with or comes close to the surface on the observation side.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid crystal display device which is provided with a touch panel and can thin the thickness of the touch panel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a thin liquid crystal display device which can perform stable display without being affected by static electricity from the observation side and has a simplified structure.
A liquid crystal display device according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a liquid crystal display element and a touch panel,
the liquid crystal display element includes:
a pair of substrates which are arranged to face each other with a gap therebetween and include a first substrate positioned on an observation side and a second substrate positioned on an opposite side of the observation side of the first substrate,
a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first and second substrates,
a first electrode provided on an inner surface of one of the opposed inner surfaces of the pair of substrates,
a second electrode provided on an inner surface of either one of the one substrate and the other substrate, for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode, and
a pair of polarizing plates disposed on the outer side of the pair of substrates and on the opposite side thereof, respectively;
the touch panel includes at least one first conductive film that is provided on at least one of an outer surface of an observation side substrate of the liquid crystal display element and the polarizing plate and has a predetermined resistance value, and detects a specified position on the first conductive film based on a voltage applied to the first conductive film in advance and a voltage measured at the specified position.
In the liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the touch panel includes: the voltage measuring device includes a means for applying a predetermined voltage to the first conductive film, a means for measuring a voltage at the specified position on the first conductive film, and a position detecting means for detecting the specified position based on a value of the measured voltage.
In the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, it is preferable that the touch panel is a resistive contact type touch panel, has a second conductive film disposed to face the first conductive film with a gap provided therebetween, and is deformed by partially pressing the second conductive film from the observation side, so that the pressing portion of the second conductive film is partially brought into contact with the first conductive film.
Further, it is preferable that the touch panel of the present invention includes: the voltage measuring device includes a first conductive film disposed to face the first conductive film with a gap, a second conductive film disposed to face the first conductive film with a gap, a means for applying a voltage to the first and second conductive films, a means for measuring a voltage at the predetermined position on the first conductive film and a voltage at the predetermined position on the second conductive film, respectively, and a means for detecting the predetermined position based on a plurality of measured voltage values. In this case, it is preferable that the first conductive film of the touch panel is provided on an outer surface of the observation side substrate of the liquid crystal display element.
Preferably, the liquid crystal display element includes an observation-side polarizing plate disposed on an observation side outside the pair of substrates with a predetermined gap therebetween, and the second conductive film of the touch panel is formed on a surface of the observation-side polarizing plate facing the observation-side substrate. Preferably, the liquid crystal display device further includes an optical film disposed on the observation side of the observation side substrate with a predetermined gap and including a phase plate for optically compensating transmitted light, and the second conductive film of the touch panel is formed on a surface of the optical film facing the observation side substrate. Preferably, the liquid crystal display device further includes an optical film disposed between the observation side substrate and the observation side polarizing plate and including a phase plate for optically compensating transmitted light, the touch panel further includes a transparent protective film disposed with a predetermined gap from a first conductive film provided on the observation side of the observation side substrate of the liquid crystal display device, and the second conductive film is formed on a surface facing the first conductive film.
In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, it is preferable that the liquid crystal display element includes at least two of first and second electrodes formed on an inner surface of one of the opposed inner surfaces of the pair of substrates, and a third electrode for applying an electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the surfaces of the substrates to the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between the first and second electrodes; the third electrode is formed on an inner surface of the other substrate, and applies an electric field in a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer between the third electrode and at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.
A liquid crystal display device of a second aspect of the present invention includes a liquid crystal display element and a touch panel,
the liquid crystal display element includes:
a pair of substrates which are arranged to face each other with a gap therebetween and include a first substrate positioned on an observation side and a second substrate positioned on an opposite side of the observation side of the first substrate,
a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first and second substrates,
a first electrode provided on an inner surface of one of the opposed inner surfaces of the pair of substrates,
a second electrode provided on an inner surface of either one of the one substrate and the other substrate, for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode, and
a pair of polarizing plates disposed on the outer side of the pair of substrates and on the opposite side thereof, respectively;
the touch panel includes:
a first conductive film provided on an outer surface of the liquid crystal display element on the observation side and having a predetermined resistance value,
a second conductive film which is arranged to face the first conductive film with a gap therebetween, is partially deformed by pressing a predetermined position in a region corresponding to the first conductive film, is in contact with the first conductive film, and has a predetermined resistance value,
a voltage supply device for supplying a voltage to the first and second conductive films, an
And a position detection device for measuring a voltage at a position where the first conductive film and the second conductive film are in contact with each other, and detecting the position of the contact on the first conductive film based on the measured voltage.
In the liquid crystal display device according to the second aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the liquid crystal display element includes an observation side polarizing plate disposed on an observation side outside the pair of substrates with a predetermined gap therebetween, and the second conductive film of the touch panel is formed on a surface of the observation side polarizing plate facing the observation side substrate.
Preferably, the liquid crystal display device further includes a film-like optical device disposed on the observation side of the observation side substrate with a predetermined gap therebetween and optically compensating for transmitted light, and the second conductive film of the touch panel is formed on a surface of the optical device facing the observation side substrate. In this case, it is preferable that the optical element is formed of a phase plate for compensating for viewing angle dependence of transmittance of the liquid crystal display element. Alternatively, it is preferable that the touch panel further includes a transparent protective film provided with a predetermined gap and disposed on the viewing side of the viewing side substrate of the liquid crystal display element, and the second conductive film is formed on a surface of the protective film facing the viewing side substrate.
In the above liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that the liquid crystal display element is a liquid crystal display element in which first and second electrodes for generating an electric field in a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer are formed on inner surfaces of the pair of substrates facing each other, and a transmittance is controlled by controlling an inclination of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer with respect to the surfaces of the substrates. Alternatively, it is preferable that the liquid crystal display element is a lateral electric field type liquid crystal display element, first and second electrodes for generating an electric field substantially parallel to the first and second substrate surfaces are formed on one of inner surfaces of the pair of substrates facing each other, and the transmittance is controlled by controlling a direction of an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer in the surface parallel to the substrate surfaces. Preferably, the liquid crystal display device is a viewing angle control type liquid crystal display device, wherein a third electrode is further formed on the other of the opposing inner surfaces of the pair of substrates, and an electric field is generated between the third electrode and at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode to obliquely align the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surfaces, whereby the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device can be controlled.
A liquid crystal display device of a third aspect of the present invention includes a liquid crystal display element and a touch panel,
the liquid crystal display element includes:
a pair of substrates arranged to face each other with a gap therebetween, including a first substrate positioned on an observation side and a second substrate positioned on an opposite side of the observation side of the first substrate,
a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first and second substrates,
a first electrode provided on an inner surface of one of the opposed inner surfaces of the pair of substrates,
a second electrode provided on an inner surface of either one of the one substrate and the other substrate, for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode, and
a pair of polarizing plates disposed on the outer side of the pair of substrates and on the opposite side thereof, respectively;
the touch panel includes:
a conductive film disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display element and having a predetermined resistance value,
a voltage applying device for applying a voltage from both ends of the first conductive film in one direction and from both ends of the first conductive film in another direction intersecting the one direction,
means for specifying an arbitrary position on the above-mentioned conductive film, and
and a position detecting device for measuring a voltage at a position on the conductive film specified by the position specifying device and detecting the specified position based on the measured voltage.
In the liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that the touch panel has a conductive film formed on an observation side of a transparent film, and the transparent film is disposed on the observation side of the liquid crystal display element with a predetermined gap provided therebetween. Preferably, the touch panel has a conductive film formed on the viewing side of a transparent film, and the transparent film is disposed in close contact with a polarizer on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display element.
In the liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the touch panel is formed with at least one first conductive film on at least one member of the outer surface of the observation side substrate of the liquid crystal display element and the polarizing plate, and the specified position is detected based on the voltage applied in advance to the first conductive film and the voltage measured at the specified position on the first conductive film, the thickness of the touch panel can be reduced.
The liquid crystal display device of the second aspect of the present invention can be thinned in thickness of a liquid crystal display device having a touch panel having: a first conductive film provided on an outer surface of the liquid crystal display element on an observation side; a second conductive film which is disposed to face the first conductive film with a gap therebetween, and which is partially deformed by pressing a predetermined position in a region corresponding to the first conductive film, thereby being in contact with the first conductive film; and a position detecting device for measuring a voltage at a position where the first conductive film and the second conductive film are in contact with each other, and detecting the position of the contact on the first conductive film based on the measured voltage.
Further, as the liquid crystal display element of the liquid crystal display device, by using a lateral electric field type liquid crystal display element in which the first and second electrodes are formed on one of the pair of substrates, a thin liquid crystal display device with a touch panel which can perform stable display without being affected by static electricity from the observation side and which has a simplified structure can be obtained.
The liquid crystal display device according to the third aspect of the present invention includes: a voltage applying device that supplies voltages from both ends of the first conductive film in one direction and both ends of the first conductive film in another direction intersecting the one direction; and a position detecting device for measuring a voltage at a position on the conductive film specified by the position specifying device and detecting the specified position based on the measured voltage, thereby reducing the thickness of a liquid crystal display device having a touch panel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a touch position coordinate detection device connected to the touch panel of the liquid crystal display element.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a partial plan view of one substrate of the liquid crystal display element shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a view showing the orientation treatment direction of the orientation films provided on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates of the liquid crystal display device shown in fig. 5, and the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate.
Fig. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a touch position coordinate detection device connected to the touch panel of the liquid crystal display element shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 9A and 9B schematically show the arrangement state of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display element shown in fig. 5 when no longitudinal electric field or no transverse electric field is applied to each pixel, fig. 9A is a cross-sectional view thereof, and fig. 9B is a plan view thereof.
Fig. 10A and 10B schematically show the arrangement state of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display element shown in fig. 5 when a vertical electric field is not applied to each pixel but a horizontal electric field is applied, and fig. 10A is a cross-sectional view thereof and fig. 10B is a plan view thereof.
Fig. 11A and 11B schematically show the arrangement state of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display element shown in fig. 5 when a vertical electric field is applied to each pixel and a horizontal electric field is not applied thereto, where fig. 11A is a cross-sectional view thereof and fig. 11B is a plan view thereof.
Fig. 12A and 12B schematically show the arrangement state of liquid crystal molecules when a vertical electric field and a horizontal electric field are applied to each pixel in the liquid crystal display element shown in fig. 5, in which fig. 12A is a cross-sectional view thereof and fig. 12B is a plan view thereof.
Fig. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a partial plan view of one substrate of the liquid crystal display element shown in fig. 13.
Fig. 15 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a top view of the touch panel shown in fig. 15.
Fig. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram of a touch position coordinate detection device connected to a touch panel in the liquid crystal display device shown in fig. 15.
Fig. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a modification of the touch position coordinate detection device connected to the touch panel in the liquid crystal display device shown in fig. 15.
Fig. 19 is a side view showing a modification of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
(first embodiment)
Fig. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention, fig. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element, and fig. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a touch position coordinate detecting apparatus thereof.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid crystal display element includes: a pair of transparent substrates 1 and 2 on the observation side (upper side in the figure) and on the opposite side are bonded together by a frame-shaped sealing material 3; a liquid crystal layer sealed in a region surrounded by the sealing material 3 between the substrates 1 and 2; first and second transparent electrodes 5 and 6 which are provided on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates 1 and 2 facing each other, respectively, and which control the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules by applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 4 to form a plurality of pixel regions; and a pair of polarizing plates 8 and 9 on the observation side and the opposite side, which are respectively disposed on the outer surface side of the substrate 1 on the observation side and the outer surface side of the substrate 2 on the opposite side.
The liquid crystal display element is an active matrix liquid crystal display element, and a plurality of pixel electrodes 6 are provided in a matrix arrangement in a row direction and a column direction on an inner surface of one substrate, for example, a substrate 2 on the opposite side of the viewing side, and a single film-like counter electrode 5 facing an arrangement region of the plurality of pixel electrodes 6 is provided on an inner surface of the other substrate, that is, a substrate 1 on the viewing side. Although not shown in the drawings, a plurality of TFTs (thin film transistors) connected to the plurality of pixel electrodes 6, a plurality of scanning lines for supplying gate signals to the TFTs in each row, and a plurality of data lines for supplying data signals to the TFTs in each column are provided on the inner surface of the one substrate (opposite substrate) 2.
Further, color filters 7R, 7G, and 7B of three colors of red, green, and blue are provided on the inner surface of the other substrate (observation side substrate) 1 so as to correspond to the plurality of pixels, respectively, and the counter electrode 5 is formed on the color filters 7R, 7G, and 7B.
Alignment films (not shown) are provided on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates 1 and 2 so as to cover the electrodes 5 and 6, and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 4 are aligned between the pair of substrates 1 and 2 in an alignment state defined by the alignment films.
The liquid crystal display element is any one of a TN or STN type in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted and oriented, a vertical orientation type in which liquid crystal molecules are oriented substantially perpendicularly to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2, a horizontal orientation type in which liquid crystal molecules are oriented substantially parallel to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2 without being twisted, and a bend orientation type in which liquid crystal molecules are bend-oriented, or a ferroelectric or antiferroelectric liquid crystal display element, and the pair of polarizing plates 8 and 9 are arranged with the directions of the respective transmission axes of the pair of polarizing plates 8 and 9 set so that a good contrast can be obtained.
The polarizing plate 9 on the opposite side to the observation side among the pair of polarizing plates 8, 9 is bonded to the outer surface of the opposite side substrate 2, and the polarizing plate 8 on the observation side and the outer surface of the observation side substrate 1 are provided with a gap d0And a frame-shaped spacer 10 disposed so that its peripheral portion is supported by the observation side substrate 1 via the frame-shaped spacer 10, the frame-shaped spacer 10 surrounding the plurality of pixels and arranged in an arrayA matrix-like picture area.
A first conductive film 11 is formed on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 1, and the first conductive film 11 is formed of one film-like transparent conductive film corresponding to the entire screen area and has a predetermined resistance value. A second conductive film 12 is provided on the inner surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8 facing the observation-side substrate 1, and the second conductive film 12 is made of a transparent conductive film and has a predetermined resistance value. The transparent conductive film is flexibly deformed together with the observation-side polarizing plate 8 by a touch pressure locally applied to the outer surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8, and is locally in contact with the first conductive film 11.
In the pair of substrates 1 and 2, at least the observation side substrate 1 is made of glass, and the first conductive film 11 is formed of an ITO film formed on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 1.
Of the pair of polarizing plates, at least the support of the polarizing layer of the observation side polarizing plate 8 is formed of a resin film such as triacetyl cellulose, optically isotropic polycarbonate, and polyethersulfone, and the second conductive film 12 is formed of an ITO film formed on the outer surface of the support of the observation side polarizing plate 8.
Although not shown in fig. 1, a plurality of columnar spacers defining the interval between the conductive films 11 and 12 are provided at a predetermined pitch in the row direction and the column direction on the film surface of either of the first and second conductive films 11 and 12.
Therefore, when the touch pen 30 or the like touches an arbitrary portion on the outer surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8, the second conductive film 12 is flexibly deformed together with the observation-side polarizing plate 8 by the touch pressure and partially contacts the first conductive film 11 at a portion corresponding to the touch point of the touch pen 30 or the like with a space from the first conductive film 11 in a non-pressurized state.
On the first conductive film 11, strip-shaped electrodes 11a and 11b made of a low-resistance metal film are provided over the entire length of the edge portion of the first conductive film 11 along one of two directions orthogonal to each other on the film surface, for example, at both end edges in the vertical axis (hereinafter referred to as Y axis) direction of the screen, and on the second conductive film 12, strip-shaped electrodes 12a and 12b made of a low-resistance metal film are provided over substantially the entire length of the edge portion of the second conductive film 12 in the other of the two directions, that is, at both end edges in the horizontal axis (hereinafter referred to as X axis) direction of the screen.
The touch position coordinate detecting device shown in fig. 2 is connected to the strip electrodes 11a and 11b at the both end edges of the first conductive film 11 in the Y-axis direction and the strip electrodes 12a and 12b at the both end edges of the second conductive film 12 in the X-axis direction.
The touch position coordinate detecting device includes: a voltage applying circuit for alternately applying a voltage of a predetermined value between the strip-shaped electrodes 12a and 12b at both ends of the second conductive film 12 in the X-axis direction and between the strip-shaped electrodes 11a and 11b at both edges of the first conductive film 11 in the Y-axis direction; a voltage measurement system that measures voltages of the strip-shaped electrode 12a at one end of the second conductive film 12 in the X-axis direction and the strip-shaped electrode 11a at one end of the first conductive film 11 in the Y-axis direction when the second conductive film 12 is locally in contact with the first conductive film 11; and a coordinate detection device 29 for detecting the coordinates of the touch point based on the measurement value.
The voltage applying circuit includes: a constant voltage source 17, a first switch 20 for selectively connecting one pole (negative pole in the figure) of the constant voltage source 17 to the strip-shaped electrode 11a at one end of the first conductive film 11 in the Y axis direction and the strip-shaped electrode 12a at one end of the second conductive film 12 in the X axis direction, and a second switch 23 for selectively connecting the other pole (positive pole in the figure) of the constant voltage source 17 to the strip-shaped electrode 11b at the other end of the first conductive film 11 in the Y axis direction and the strip-shaped electrode 12b at the other end of the second conductive film 12 in the X axis direction. The constant voltage power supply 17 shown in fig. 2 is a direct current power supply, but the constant voltage power supply 17 may be a power supply that supplies an alternating voltage.
The voltage measurement system includes: a voltage measuring device 28 having one end connected to one pole (in the figure, the negative pole) of the constant voltage power supply 17; and a third switch 27 for selectively connecting the strip-shaped electrode 11a at one end of the first conductive film 11 in the Y-axis direction and the strip-shaped electrode 12a at one end of the second conductive film 12 in the X-axis direction to the other end of the voltage measuring device 28.
The voltage applying circuit switches the first and second switches 20 and 23 to connect the strip-shaped electrodes 12a and 12b at both ends of the second conductive film 12 in the X-axis direction to one side of the constant voltage power supply 17 (the state of fig. 2) and to connect the strip-shaped electrodes 11a and 11b at both ends of the first conductive film 11 in the Y-axis direction to one side of the constant voltage power supply 17 at a predetermined cycle, for example, at a cycle of 0.1 second by a control device (not shown). As a result, a constant voltage of the constant voltage source 17 is alternately applied between both ends of the second conductive film 12 in the X-axis direction (between the strip electrodes 12a and 12 b) and between both ends of the first conductive film 11 in the Y-axis direction (between the strip electrodes 11a and 11 b).
When the voltage is applied between both ends of the second conductive film 12 in the X-axis direction, the coordinate detecting device 29 switches the third switch 27 to the side where the strip electrode 11a is connected to the other end of the voltage measuring device 28 (the state shown in fig. 2), and detects the coordinate of the touch point in the X-axis direction (hereinafter, referred to as the X-coordinate) based on the measurement value of the voltage measuring device 28. When the voltage is applied between both ends of the first conductive film 11 in the Y axis direction, the third switch 27 is switched to the side where the strip electrode 12a is connected to the other end of the voltage measuring device 28, and the coordinate of the touch point in the Y axis direction (hereinafter referred to as the Y coordinate) is detected based on the measurement value of the voltage measuring device 28.
That is, in the liquid crystal display device, the observation-side polarizing plate 8 is disposed with a gap from the outer surface of the observation-side substrate 1, the periphery of the observation-side substrate is supported by the frame-shaped spacer 10, the first conductive film 11 is formed on the outer surface of the observation-side substrate 1, and the second conductive film 12 is provided on the inner surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8 facing the observation-side substrate 1, thereby forming a touch panel having the polarizing plate disposed on the outer surface side of the observation-side substrate as a touch surface. The second conductive film 12 is flexibly deformed together with the observation-side polarizing plate 8 by a touch pressure locally applied to the outer surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8, and locally contacts the first conductive film 11.
In the liquid crystal display element, at least one first conductive film is formed on at least one member of the outer surface of the liquid crystal display device and the polarizing plate, thereby forming a touch panel which detects a specified position on the first conductive film based on a voltage applied in advance to the first conductive film and a voltage measured at the specified position on the first conductive film, and thus the thickness of the liquid crystal display device including the touch panel can be reduced.
(second embodiment)
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the same members as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals in the drawings, and the description thereof will be omitted.
In the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, an optical compensation film 13 for compensating the display characteristics is disposed on the surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8 on the observation-side substrate 1 side, and a second conductive film 12 is formed on the surface of the optical compensation film 13 on the observation-side substrate 1 side.
The optical compensation film 13 includes: for example, a contrast compensation film such as a phase plate for improving the display contrast, a viewing field compensation film such as a discotic liquid crystal film or a biaxial phase difference plate for compensating for the viewing angle dependence of the transmittance of a liquid crystal display element and expanding the viewing field of display, or a laminate film of both films.
In this embodiment, the second conductive film 12 is formed by forming an ITO film on one surface of the optical compensation film 13, and the surface opposite to the conductive film forming surface of the optical compensation film 13 is bonded to the inner surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8.
In this liquid crystal display element, the optical compensation film 13 for compensating the display characteristics is laminated on the inner surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8, and therefore, the display quality such as the contrast of display and the visual field can be improved.
In addition, since the second conductive film 12 is formed on the surface of the optical compensation film 13, the liquid crystal display device can easily manufacture the liquid crystal display document because the second conductive film 12 can be formed more easily than when the second conductive film 12 is directly formed on the surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8.
In addition, the durability of the touch panel can be improved by reinforcing the viewing-side polarizing plate 8 with the optical compensation film 13.
(third embodiment)
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the same portions as those in the first and second embodiments described above are given the same reference numerals in the drawings, and the description thereof is omitted.
The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that an optical compensation film 13 for compensating the display characteristics and an optically isotropic transparent film 14 are sequentially provided on the surface of the observation side polarizing plate 8 on the observation side substrate 1 side, and a second conductive film 12 is formed on the surface of the transparent film 14.
In this liquid crystal display device, the optical compensation film 13 and the transparent film 14 are laminated on the inner surface of the observation side polarizing plate 8, and the second conductive film 12 is formed on the surface of the transparent film 14, so that the display quality can be improved, the liquid crystal display device can be easily manufactured, and the observation side polarizing plate 8 can be reinforced with the optical compensation film 13 and the transparent film 14, and the durability of the touch panel can be further improved.
The liquid crystal display elements of the first to third embodiments are transmissive display elements having a pair of polarizing plates 8 and 9 on the observation side and the opposite side, but the present invention is also applicable to a reflective liquid crystal display element having only one polarizing plate 8 on the observation side and having a reflective film provided on the inner surface or the outer surface of the opposite-side substrate 2.
(fourth embodiment)
The liquid crystal display devices according to the first to third embodiments are vertical electric field control type liquid crystal display devices in which a vertical electric field (an electric field in the liquid crystal thickness direction) is generated between electrodes provided on the inner surfaces of a pair of substrates, respectively, to change the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules, but the present invention is not limited to the vertical electric field control type, and can be applied to a lateral electric field control type liquid crystal display device in which a first and a second electrodes, for example, comb-shaped electrodes forming a plurality of pixels, are provided on the inner surface of any one of a pair of substrates, and a lateral electric field (an electric field in the direction along the substrate surface) is generated between the electrodes to change the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules.
Fig. 5 to 12A and 12B show a fourth embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element, and fig. 6 is a plan view of a part of one substrate of the liquid crystal display element. In the present embodiment, the same members as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals in the drawings, and the description thereof will be omitted.
In the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the liquid crystal display element includes: a pair of transparent substrates 102 and 101 provided with an observation side (upper side in fig. 5) and an opposite side, which are disposed to face each other with a gap therebetween; a liquid crystal layer 104 made of nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy and sealed between the pair of substrates 101 and 102; transparent first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 provided on one of the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates 101 and 102 facing each other, for example, the inner surface of the substrate 102 on the side opposite to the observation side, so as to be insulated from each other, and generating a lateral electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 102 in the liquid crystal layer 104 between them by supplying a display drive voltage between them; and a pair of polarizing plates 8 and 9 disposed so as to sandwich the pair of substrates 101 and 102.
That is, in the liquid crystal display device, a display drive voltage corresponding to image data is supplied between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 provided so as to be insulated from each other on the inner surface of the one substrate (hereinafter, referred to as an opposite substrate) 102, whereby a lateral electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 102 is generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, and the orientation (direction of the long axis of molecules) of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 104 sealed between the pair of substrates 101 and 102 is controlled in a plane substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 102 by the lateral electric field. In this liquid crystal display element, one pixel 100, which is the minimum unit for displaying an image, is defined by a region in which the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by a lateral electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106.
The pixels 100 are arranged in a matrix in a row direction (a left-right direction of a screen of the liquid crystal display element) and a column direction (a vertical direction of the screen), a first display electrode 105 of first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 provided on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 102 is formed corresponding to at least the entire area of the pixel 100, and a second display electrode 106 is formed in a shape having an area smaller than that of the pixel 100 on an interlayer insulating film 124 provided so as to cover the first display electrode 105, and faces the first display electrode 105 at an edge portion thereof.
The liquid crystal display element is an active matrix liquid crystal display element in which the plurality of pixels 100 arranged in a matrix are selectively driven by an active element formed of a TFT (thin film transistor) 116. The TFT116 includes: a gate electrode 117 formed on the opposite substrate 102, a gate insulating film 118 formed on substantially the entire surface of the opposite substrate 102 so as to cover the gate electrode 117, an i-type semiconductor film 119 formed on the gate insulating film 118 so as to face the gate electrode 117, and a source electrode 120 and a drain electrode 121 formed on both sides of the i-type semiconductor film 119 with an n-type semiconductor film (not shown) interposed therebetween.
A plurality of gate lines 122 for supplying gate signals to the TFTs 116 in the respective rows and a plurality of data lines 123 for supplying data signals to the TFTs 16 in the respective columns are provided on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 102, the gate lines 122 are connected to the gate display electrodes 117 of the TFTs 16, and the data lines 123 are connected to the drain electrodes 121 of the TFTs 16.
The first display electrode 105 is formed of an ITO film 105a, the ITO film 105a is formed on the gate insulating film 118 so as to correspond to each pixel row and have a shape corresponding to the entire area of the pixel 100, and end portions of the ITO film 105a are commonly connected.
In the present embodiment, although the width of the portion of the ITO film 105a between the regions corresponding to the respective pixels 100 is reduced, the ITO film 105a may be formed to have a width corresponding to the entire region of the pixels 100 over the entire length thereof, or may be used as one electrode corresponding to the entire display region of the liquid crystal display element in which the plurality of pixels 100 are arranged.
The second display electrode 106 is formed of a comb-shaped ITO film 106a, the comb-shaped ITO film 106a is patterned into a comb-shape having a plurality of comb-teeth, for example, 4 comb-teeth formed at equal intervals, and is connected to the source electrode 120 of the TFT116 at one end of the base portion connecting the comb-teeth of the comb-shaped ITO film 106 a.
The interlayer insulating film 124 is provided on substantially the entire surface of the opposite substrate 102 so as to cover the first display electrode 105, the TFT116, and the data line 123, and the comb-shaped ITO film 106a is connected to the source electrode 120 of the TFT116 at a contact hole (not shown) provided in the interlayer insulating film 124.
Each comb tooth portion of the second display electrode 106 is formed in an elongated shape which is formed along a direction inclined at an angle θ of 5 ° to 15 ° in either of right and left directions with respect to the vertical direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display element, that is, the longitudinal axis 100v of the screenWidth d of comb teeth1The interval d between adjacent comb teeth2Ratio of d2/d1It is set to 1/3-3/1, preferably 1/1.
The liquid crystal display device has a transparent viewing angle control electrode 125 provided on the inner surface of the other of the pair of substrates 101 and 102, i.e., the observation side substrate 101, so as to correspond to at least the entire area of the pixel 100.
The viewing angle control electrode 125 is an electrode as follows: a viewing angle control voltage is supplied to one or both of the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, independently of the display drive voltage supplied between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, and a vertical electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 104 is generated between the first display electrode 105 and/or the second display electrode 106. The viewing angle control electrode 125 is formed of a film of ITO film that faces the entire array region of the plurality of pixels 100.
The liquid crystal display element has three color filters 126R, 126G, and 126B of red, green, and blue, respectively, corresponding to each of the plurality of pixels 100, and the color filters 126R, 126G, and 126B are formed on the viewing-side substrate 101, and the viewing angle control electrode 125 is formed thereon.
Horizontal alignment films 127 and 128 are provided on the inner surfaces of the observation side substrate 101 and the opposite side substrate 102 so as to cover the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 and the viewing angle control electrode 125, respectively, and the alignment films 127 and 128 are subjected to an alignment treatment by rubbing (polishing). The rubbing is performed in a direction obliquely crossing the direction of the lateral electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 at a predetermined angle and in a direction opposite to each other.
That is, the alignment films 127 and 128 are subjected to alignment treatment in directions obliquely intersecting at a predetermined angle (5 ° to 10 °) with respect to the edge portion of the second display electrode 106, that is, the longitudinal direction of the edge portion of each comb-tooth portion of the comb-shaped ITO film 106a, and in directions opposite to each other.
The observation side substrate 101 and the opposite side substrate 102 are bonded to each other with a frame-shaped sealing material (not shown) surrounding an array region and a display region of the plurality of pixels 100, and the liquid crystal layer 104 is sealed in a region surrounded by the sealing material between the observation side substrate 101 and the opposite side substrate 102.
The liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 104 are aligned such that the long axes thereof are aligned in the alignment treatment direction of the alignment films 127 and 128 and substantially parallel to the surfaces of the substrates 101 and 102.
In this liquid crystal display element, the value of Δ nd (product of refractive index anisotropy Δ n of liquid crystal and liquid crystal layer thickness d) in a state where the molecular long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially parallel to the surfaces of the substrates 101 and 102 in a state where the molecular long axes are aligned in the alignment treatment direction of the alignment films 127 and 128 is set to approximately 275nm, which is the value of 1/2, which is the intermediate wavelength of the visible light band.
Fig. 7 shows the orientation treatment directions (rubbing directions) 101a and 102a of the orientation films 127 and 128 of the observation side substrate 101 and the opposite side substrate 102 of the liquid crystal display element, and the directions of the transmission axes 8a and 9a of the pair of polarizing plates 8 and 9.
As shown in fig. 7, the alignment films 127 and 128 of the observation side substrate 101 and the opposite side substrate 102 are subjected to alignment treatment in directions inclined at the angle θ with respect to the comb-shaped portion formed in an elongated shape inclined at the angle θ of 5 ° to 15 ° in either of the left and right directions with respect to a direction substantially parallel to the vertical direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display element (the vertical axis 100v of the screen), that is, the vertical axis 100v of the screen. Of the pair of polarizing plates 8 and 9, the polarizing plate 8 on the observation side has a transmission axis 8a arranged substantially parallel to the alignment treatment directions 101a and 102a, and the polarizing plate 9 on the opposite side has a transmission axis 9a arranged substantially orthogonal or parallel to the transmission axis 8a of the polarizing plate 8 on the observation side.
In this embodiment, the transmission axis 8a of the observation-side polarizing plate 8 and the transmission axis 9a of the opposite-side polarizing plate 9 are orthogonal to each other, thereby constituting a normally black mode liquid crystal display element.
The liquid crystal display device further includes a transparent touch panel 132 including a film-like transparent first conductive film 131 for electrostatic shielding (hereinafter referred to as an electrostatic shielding conductive film) and a transparent second conductive film 134 (hereinafter referred to as a touch-side conductive film). The first conductive film 131 is formed of ITO or the like having a predetermined resistance value corresponding to the entire display region on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 101, and the second conductive film 134 is formed of ITO or the like having a predetermined resistance value and disposed opposite to the first conductive film 131 with a gap on the outer surface side of the observation side substrate 101.
The observation-side polarizing plate 8 is bonded to an outer surface (observation-side surface) of the touch panel 132, and a transparent surface film (not shown) that protects the observation-side polarizing plate 8 against touch input by a touch pen 130 (see fig. 8) or the like is bonded to the outer surface of the observation-side polarizing plate 8.
The touch panel 132 includes a transparent thin film substrate 133 having substantially the same outer shape as the observation side substrate 101, and a transparent second conductive film 134 made of ITO or the like provided on one surface of the thin film substrate 133, and the second conductive film 134 (hereinafter referred to as a touch conductive film) is formed in a single film shape having substantially the same outer shape as the first conductive film 131.
On the outer surface side of the observation side substrate 101, the touch side conductive film 134 is disposed to face the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 with an appropriate gap therebetween via a frame-shaped spacer (not shown) surrounding the screen region, and the touch film 132 and the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 form a touch input portion that is flexibly deformed by a partial touch from the observation side and locally contacts the touch side conductive film 134 and the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131.
In this way, in the liquid crystal display device, the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 and the touch panel 132 provided on the outer surface side of the observation side substrate 101 form a touch input portion, and the touch panel 132 is constituted by providing the film substrate 133 arranged at an interval and the touch side conductive film 134 provided on one surface thereof, and therefore, since only one film substrate 133 is provided, the structure is simple and the thinning can be realized.
Fig. 8 shows a touch position coordinate detecting device connected to the touch input section of the liquid crystal display element.
The touch position coordinate detecting device detects the touch position of the touch pen 130 or the like with respect to the touch panel 132, that is, the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the contact position between the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 and the touch side conductive film 134, with the left-right direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display element 200 as the X-axis and the up-down direction of the screen as the Y-axis. The touch position coordinate detecting apparatus includes: an X-axis power supply system that supplies an X-axis direction voltage of the X-axis power supply 142 to the both end edges of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 in the X-axis direction at a certain period; a Y-axis power supply system that supplies a Y-axis voltage of the Y-axis power supply 146 between both edges of the touch-side conductive film 134 in the Y-axis direction at a cycle that is opposite in phase to the supply cycle of the X-axis voltage; an X-axis coordinate detecting unit 149 configured to detect an X-axis coordinate of the touched position based on a voltage value extracted from one end side of the touch-side conductive film 134 in the Y-axis direction when the voltage in the X-axis direction is applied to the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131; and a Y-axis coordinate detecting unit 150 that detects a Y-axis coordinate of the touched position based on a voltage value of one end side in the X-axis direction of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 when the Y-axis direction voltage is supplied to the touch-side conductive film 134.
The X-axis power supply system includes: a first switch 143 for switching, at a predetermined cycle, the connection between one pole of the X-axis power supply 142 and one edge side of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 in the X-axis direction and the connection between one pole of the X-axis power supply 142 and the Y-axis coordinate detecting unit 150; and a second switch 144 for connecting/disconnecting (ON/OFF) the other electrode of the X-axis power supply 142 to/from the other end edge of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 in the X-axis direction in synchronization with the first switch 143.
The Y-axis power supply system includes: a third switch 147 for alternately switching the connection between one pole of the Y-axis power supply 146 and one edge side of the touch-side conductive film 134 in the Y-axis direction and the connection between one pole of the Y-axis power supply 146 and the X-axis coordinate detecting unit 149 at a timing opposite to the timing of the first switch 143; and a fourth switch 148 that connects/disconnects the other pole of the Y-axis power supply 146 to/from the other end edge of the touch-side conductive film 134 in the Y-axis direction in synchronization with the third switch 147.
Linear electrodes 131a, 131b, 134a, and 134b for applying the voltage in the X-axis direction and the voltage in the Y-axis direction uniformly are provided on both edges of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 in the X-axis direction and both edges of the touch-side conductive film 134 in the Y-axis direction, respectively, and are formed of low-resistance metal films that are formed to overlap the entire length of the edge sides.
The touch position coordinate detecting device alternately supplies the X-axis direction voltage and the Y-axis direction voltage to a space between both edges of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 in the X-axis direction and a space between both edges of the touch side conductive film 134 in the Y-axis direction. When a voltage in the X-axis direction is applied to the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131, a voltage in the X-axis direction corresponding to the position of the contact portion is acquired from the end edge of the touch-side conductive film 134 in the Y-axis direction via the contact portion between the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 and the touch-side conductive film 134, and the X-axis coordinate of the touched position is detected by the X-axis coordinate detecting unit 149 based on the voltage value. When a voltage in the Y-axis direction is applied to the touch-side conductive film 134, a voltage in the Y-axis direction corresponding to the position of the contact portion is acquired from the edge side in the X-axis direction of the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 through the contact portion between the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 and the touch-side conductive film 134, and the Y-axis coordinate of the touched position is detected by the Y-axis coordinate detecting unit 150 from the voltage value.
In the touch position coordinate detecting apparatus shown in fig. 8, the X-axis power supply system and the Y-axis power supply system have X-axis power supplies 142 and Y-axis power supplies 146, respectively, but these power supply systems may be configured to share one power supply as in the first embodiment.
In this liquid crystal display device, the orientation of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the lateral electric field to display an image, and the observation side substrate 101 is deformed inward by the touch of the touch panel 132, so that even if the display of the portion is disturbed by the change in the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the disturbance of the display is quickly eliminated after the observation side substrate 101 is restored by the release of the touch panel 132 without causing a local charge accumulation or the like because the electric field is seriously disturbed at the portion where the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is changed, and thus the display can be performed without leaving the influence of the touch input.
As described above, in the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, a display drive voltage corresponding to image data is applied between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 provided on one of the pair of substrates 101 and 102 on the observation side and the opposite side, for example, the inner surfaces of the opposite side substrate 102, so that a lateral electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate 102 surface is generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, and the orientation (direction of the molecular long axis) of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 104 sealed between the pair of substrates 101 and 102 is controlled in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate 102 surface by the lateral electric field, thereby displaying an image. In this liquid crystal display element, since the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 is provided on the entire region of the liquid crystal layer 104 on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 101, and the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 is used as one electrode of the touch panel, the static electricity applied from the observation side does not affect the control of the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules by the lateral electric field, and the liquid crystal display element can be made thin.
The liquid crystal display element is driven as follows. Fig. 9A and 9B to fig. 12A and 12B show a concept of a driving method of the liquid crystal display element. That is, the liquid crystal display element is display-driven by an image display driving device including: a signal source 136 generating a display driving voltage corresponding to image data; the write switch 137 supplies the display drive voltage from the signal source 136 to between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 of each pixel 100 of the liquid crystal display element.
The write switch 137 supplies a display drive voltage corresponding to the image data to between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 of each pixel 100 of the liquid crystal display element, and generates a lateral electric field corresponding to the display drive voltage between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106.
The liquid crystal display device further includes a viewing angle control drive device for controlling the viewing angle of display from a wide viewing angle to a narrow viewing angle. The viewing angle control drive device includes: a signal source 139 that generates a viewing angle control voltage of a predetermined value; the viewing angle control switch 140 is configured to supply a viewing angle control voltage from the signal source 139 to one or both of the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 of each pixel 100 of the liquid crystal display element, for example, between the first display electrode 105 and the viewing angle control electrode 125.
In the viewing angle control driving device, by turning on the viewing angle control switch 140, a viewing angle control voltage is supplied between the first display electrode 105 and the viewing angle control electrode 125 of each pixel 100 of the liquid crystal display element, the viewing angle control voltage being independent of the display driving voltage supplied between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106. Then, a vertical electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 104 is generated between the first display electrode 105 and the viewing angle control electrode 125. The viewing angle control voltage is set to a value that generates a vertical electric field between the first display electrode 105 and the viewing angle control electrode 125, the vertical electric field causing liquid crystal molecules to be aligned in an inclined manner at a predetermined angle in a range of, for example, 45 ° to 70 ° with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 101 and 102.
The viewing angle control switch 140 is a selector switch that is turned off in conjunction with selection of a wide viewing angle by a viewing angle selection button provided in an electronic device such as a mobile phone including the liquid crystal display device, and turned on in conjunction with selection of a narrow viewing angle by the viewing angle selection button.
In this way, the liquid crystal display element displays an image by supplying a display driving voltage corresponding to image data between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 102 by the image display driving device, and generating a lateral electric field corresponding to the display driving voltage between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106. The viewing angle control driving device supplies a viewing angle control voltage independent of the display driving voltage to between the first display electrode 105 on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 102 and the viewing angle control electrode 125 provided on the inner surface of the observation substrate 101 so as to correspond to at least the entire area of the pixel 100, and controls the viewing angle by generating a vertical electric field between the first display electrode 105 and the viewing angle control electrode 125 in accordance with the viewing angle control voltage.
Fig. 9A and 9B and fig. 10A and 10B schematically show changes in the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules of one pixel 100 of the liquid crystal display element in a state where no vertical electric field is generated, and fig. 9A and 9B show the alignment directions when the horizontal electric field is not generated yet, and the liquid crystal molecules 104a are aligned substantially parallel to the surfaces of the substrates 101 and 102 and with their long molecular axes aligned with the alignment treatment directions 101a and 102a of the alignment films 127 and 128 of the pair of substrates 101 and 102. When a lateral electric field is generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, as shown in fig. 10A and 10B, a lateral electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the opposite substrate 102 surface is generated between the first display electrode 105 and the edge portion of the second display electrode 106, and the liquid crystal molecules 104a are aligned such that the long axes of the molecules coincide with the direction of the lateral electric field due to the lateral electric field. Under the influence of the action of the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules 104a in other regions (regions corresponding to the center of each comb-tooth portion of the second display electrode 106 made of the comb-shaped ITO film 106a and the center between adjacent comb-tooth portions) in the pixel 100 are also aligned in the same manner.
In addition, in a state where the vertical electric field is not generated, the liquid crystal molecules 104a change the orientation direction (direction of the molecular long axis) in the plane substantially parallel to the surfaces of the substrates 101 and 102 by the horizontal electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, and therefore the viewing angle dependency of Δ nd of the liquid crystal display element is small, and a wide viewing angle which is a characteristic of the horizontal electric field control type liquid crystal display element can be obtained.
Fig. 11A and 11B and fig. 12A and 12B schematically show the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of one pixel 100 of the liquid crystal display element in a state where a vertical electric field is generated, fig. 11A and 11B show the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 104a when a horizontal electric field is not generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, and fig. 12A and 12B show the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 104a when a horizontal electric field is generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106.
When the viewing angle control voltage is applied between the first display electrode 105 and the viewing angle control electrode 125 of the pixel 100, a vertical electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 104 is generated between the ITO film 104a having a shape corresponding to the entire area of the pixel 100 and the viewing angle control electrode 125, and the liquid crystal molecules 104a are aligned in an obliquely vertical manner with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 101 and 102 due to the vertical electric field.
In a state where the vertical electric field is generated and the liquid crystal molecules 104a are aligned in an upright manner with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 101 and 102, the alignment direction is changed by the lateral electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106.
That is, when a lateral electric field is not generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 in a state where a lateral electric field is generated, the liquid crystal molecules 104a are aligned in the standing state such that the molecular long axes thereof are aligned in the alignment treatment directions 101a and 102a of the alignment films 127 and 128 of the pair of substrates 101 and 102 as shown in fig. 10B, and when a lateral electric field is generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, the molecular long axes thereof are aligned in the direction of the lateral electric field as shown in fig. 12B.
In a state where the vertical electric field is generated, the viewing angle dependency of Δ nd of the liquid crystal display element is increased by the rising alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 104a in the tilt direction, and therefore, a display viewed from the front direction of the liquid crystal display element (the direction near the normal line of the liquid crystal display element) is a display with good contrast in which the vertical electric field is not generated, and the display is almost unchanged. However, when viewed from a direction inclined with respect to the front direction, a phase difference different from that when viewed from the front direction is generated due to the viewing angle dependency of Δ nd, and the display becomes hardly visible.
Therefore, in this case, the viewing angle of the display can be recognized with sufficient contrast as a narrow range in the front direction, and a highly safe narrow viewing angle display can be performed without fear of being overlooked from an oblique direction by another person.
A liquid crystal display element in which first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 are provided on the inner surface of one substrate (opposite substrate) 102 so as to be insulated from each other, the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 being configured to generate a lateral electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate 102 between them by supplying a display drive voltage between them; a viewing angle control electrode 125 is provided on the inner surface of the other substrate (observation side substrate) 101, the viewing angle control electrode 125 being provided to correspond to at least the entire area of the pixel 100, and a viewing angle control voltage is applied between the viewing angle control electrode 125 and either one of the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, for example, between the first display electrode 105 and the other substrate; a vertical electric field in a direction substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 104 is generated between the first display electrode 105 and the liquid crystal layer. The pixel 100 is formed of a region in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 104a is controlled by the lateral electric field generated between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106, and the viewing angle control voltage is independent of the display drive voltage supplied between the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106. Therefore, it is possible to perform wide viewing angle display, which is a characteristic of the lateral electric field control type liquid crystal display device, and narrow viewing angle display, which is a characteristic of the liquid crystal display device in which the liquid crystal molecules 104a are obliquely and vertically aligned with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 101 and 102 by the longitudinal electric field to narrow the viewing angle, and to stably control the viewing angle in a sufficiently wide angle range.
In the present embodiment, although the viewing angle control voltage is supplied between the first display electrode 105 and the viewing angle control electrode 125, the viewing angle control voltage may be supplied between the second display electrode 106 and the viewing angle control electrode 125 to generate a vertical electric field between the second display electrode 106 and the viewing angle control electrode 125, and in this case, the wide viewing angle display and the narrow viewing angle display may be performed in the same manner.
Since the liquid crystal display element is arranged along the direction substantially parallel to the vertical direction of the screen (the vertical axis 100v of the screen), and the alignment films 127 and 128 formed on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates 101 and 102 are subjected to alignment treatment in directions opposite to each other, the observation-side polarizing plate 8 is disposed so that the transmission axis 8a of the observation-side polarizing plate 8 of the pair of polarizing plates 8 and 9 is substantially parallel to the alignment treatment directions 101a and 102a, the opposite-side polarizing plate 9 is disposed so that the transmission axis 9a of the polarizing plate 9 on the opposite side is substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis 8a of the observation-side polarizing plate 8, therefore, it is possible to obtain a wide viewing angle in an angular range that is inclined by substantially the same angle in the left-right direction with respect to the normal line of the liquid crystal display element, and a narrow viewing angle in which the angular range is narrowed from the left-right direction at substantially the same angle.
The liquid crystal display element of the above embodiment is in the normally black mode, but the normally white mode may be adopted in which the polarizing plates 8 and 9 on the observation side and the opposite side are arranged so that the transmission axes 8a and 9a thereof are substantially parallel to each other.
(fifth embodiment)
Fig. 13 and 14 are a partial cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention and a partial plan view showing one substrate of the liquid crystal display device. In the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to portions corresponding to the fourth embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted for the same portions.
The liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment is similar to the fourth embodiment except that both the first and second display electrodes 205 and 206 on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 102 are formed of comb-shaped ITO films 205a and 206a patterned into a comb-like shape having a plurality of comb-teeth portions, and the display electrodes 205 and 206 are provided at intervals in the direction along the surface of the substrate 102.
In this embodiment, the first comb-shaped ITO film 205a forming the first display electrode 205 is formed in a shape in which the comb-shaped ITO films 205a corresponding to the plurality of pixels 100 in each pixel row are integrally connected to each other, and the comb-shaped ITO films 205a in each row are commonly connected at their ends. The second comb-shaped ITO film 206a forming the second display electrode 206 is provided corresponding to each pixel 100, and is connected to the TFTs 116 formed on the inner surface of the opposite substrate 102.
Each of the comb-teeth of the first comb-shaped ITO film 205a and the second comb-shaped ITO film 206a is formed such that: and a slender shape which is inclined by an angle theta of 5-15 degrees in any one of the left and right directions along the vertical direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display element, namely the vertical axis 100v of the screen. Width d of these comb teeth3、d4A distance d between the comb-teeth of the first comb-shaped ITO film 205a and the comb-teeth of the second comb-shaped ITO film 206a5Ratio of d5/d3And d5/d4It is set to 1/3-3/1, preferably 1/1.
In the liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment, since the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 serving also as one electrode of the touch panel is provided on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 101 corresponding to the entire region of the liquid crystal layer 104, the control of the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the lateral electric field is not affected by static electricity applied from the observation side, and stable display can be performed without being affected by the static electricity.
In addition, since the liquid crystal display device is provided with a touch panel having the electrostatic shielding conductive film 131 as one electrode on the outer surface side of the observation side substrate 101, it is possible to provide a touch input function with a simple structure and a reduced thickness.
In this liquid crystal display device, as in the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment, since the viewing angle control electrode 125 is provided on the inner surface of the observation side substrate 101, it is possible to perform wide viewing angle display and narrow viewing angle display, and to stably control the viewing angle in a very wide angle range.
In the liquid crystal display devices of the first to fifth embodiments, the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 for generating a lateral electric field are provided on the inner surfaces of the substrate 102 on the observation side and the opposite side, and the viewing angle control electrode 125 is provided on the inner surface of the substrate 101 on the observation side, but the first and second display electrodes 105 and 106 may be provided on the inner surface of the substrate 101 on the observation side, and the viewing angle control electrode 125 may be provided on the inner surface of the substrate 102 on the opposite side.
The touch panel of the present invention can be applied to a liquid crystal display device which does not control the viewing angle.
(sixth embodiment)
Fig. 15 to 17 show a liquid crystal display device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, fig. 15 is a side view showing a part of a touch panel in a sectional view, fig. 16 is a plan view of the touch panel, and fig. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram of the touch position coordinate detection device. In the present embodiment, the same members as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment has a liquid crystal display element that displays an image and a touch panel 300, the touch panel 300 including: a transparent conductive film 311 disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display element; a touch pen 330 for touching an arbitrary position of the conductive film 311; and a touch position coordinate detecting device shown in fig. 17.
The liquid crystal display element may be a TN, STN, vertical, horizontal, bend, or lateral electric field type liquid crystal display element used in the first or fourth embodiment.
The conductive film 311 of the touch panel 300 is formed of a transparent conductive film such as ITO having a predetermined resistance value, for example, on the entire surface of a transparent base substrate 310, and the base substrate 310 is formed in a rectangular shape corresponding to the entire screen area of the liquid crystal display element and is formed of optically isotropic glass or a resin such as triacetyl cellulose, polycarbonate, and polyether sulfone.
In one of two directions orthogonal to each other of the conductive film 311, for example, at both end edges in a transverse axis (hereinafter, referred to as an X axis) direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display panel 1, strip-shaped electrodes 312a and 312b made of a low-resistance metal film are provided over substantially the entire length of the edge portions thereof, respectively, and at both end edges in the other direction, that is, in a longitudinal axis (hereinafter, referred to as a Y axis) direction of the screen, strip-shaped electrodes 313a and 313b made of a low-resistance metal film are provided over substantially the entire length of the edge portions thereof, respectively.
The X-axis direction strip electrodes 312a and 312b and the Y-axis direction strip electrodes 313a and 313b are formed so as not to be directly short-circuited by avoiding portions corresponding to the corners of the conductive film 311.
The base substrate 310 has a surface on which the conductive film 311 is formed facing the viewing direction on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display element, and the peripheral edge portion of the opposite surface of the base substrate 310 is bonded to the viewing side surface of the liquid crystal display element (the outer surface of the polarizing plate 8 on the viewing side) via a frame-shaped spacer 314 made of double-sided tape or the like.
The touch pen 330 has a conductive tip 330a made of metal at the tip of an insulating pen body made of a resin tube or the like, and the conductive tip 330a is connected to a flexible wire 330b led out from the rear end of the pen body.
The touch position coordinate detection device includes: a voltage applying circuit for alternately applying a voltage of a predetermined value between the strip-like electrodes 312a and 312b at both ends of the conductive film 311 in the X-axis direction and between the strip-like electrodes 313a and 313b at both ends of the conductive film 311 in the Y-axis direction; a voltage measuring device 325 for measuring a voltage at an arbitrary point on the conductive film 311 which the conductive tip 330a of the touch pen 330 has contacted; and a coordinate detecting device 326 for detecting the coordinates of the touch point of the touch pen 330 on the conductive film 311 based on the measurement value of the voltage measuring device 325.
The voltage applying circuit includes: a constant voltage power supply 317 constituted by a direct current power supply; a first switch 320 for switching connection between one pole (negative pole in the figure) of the constant voltage source 317 and the strip electrode 312a at one end in the X axis direction and the strip electrode 313a at one end in the Y axis direction of the conductive film 311; and a second switching element 323 for switching connection between the other electrode of the constant voltage source 317 and the strip electrode 312b at the other end of the conductive film 311 in the X-axis direction and the strip electrode 313b at the other end of the conductive film 311 in the Y-axis direction.
The voltage applying circuit switches the first and second switches 320 and 323 to a side where the strip-shaped electrodes 312a and 312b at both ends of the conductive film 311 in the X axis direction are connected to both poles of the constant voltage power supply 317 (the state of fig. 17) and a side where the strip-shaped electrodes 313a and 313b at both ends of the conductive film 311 in the Y axis direction are connected to both poles of the constant voltage power supply 317 by a control device, not shown, at a predetermined cycle, for example, a cycle of 0.1 second, and a voltage of a predetermined value of the constant voltage power supply 317 is alternately applied between both ends of the conductive film 311 in the X axis direction (between the strip-shaped electrodes 312a and 312 b) and between both ends of the conductive film 311 in the Y axis direction (between the strip-shaped electrodes 313a and 313 b).
The coordinate detecting device 326 calculates the coordinate (hereinafter referred to as X coordinate) of the touch point of the conductive film 311 in the X axis direction based on the measured value of the voltage measuring device 325 when the voltage is applied between both ends of the conductive film 311 in the X axis direction, and calculates the coordinate (hereinafter referred to as Y coordinate) of the touch point of the conductive film 311 in the Y axis direction based on the measured value of the voltage measuring device 325 when the voltage is applied between both ends of the conductive film 311 in the Y axis direction.
The detection of the X, Y coordinate of the touch point based on the measurement value of the voltage measurement device 325 is performed by the following calculation.
When the voltage value of the constant voltage source 317 is set to V0An X-coordinate value of one end (inner edge of the band-shaped electrode 312 a) in the X-axis direction of the conductive film 311 is 0, an X-coordinate value of the other end (inner edge of the band-shaped electrode 312 b) in the X-axis direction of the conductive film 311 is 1, an X-coordinate of the touch point is X, and a resistance value between both ends (inner edges of the band-shaped electrodes 312a and 312 b) in the X-axis direction of the conductive film 311 is rxWhen the internal resistance value of the voltmeter 325 is R, the measured voltage value v (X) of the voltmeter 325 when the touch pen 330 is brought into contact with the position of the X coordinate X is RxR, therefore, may be V (x) ═ V0(1-x).
Further, when the Y coordinate value of one end (inner edge of the belt-shaped electrode 313 a) in the Y axis direction of the conductive film 311 is 0, the Y coordinate value of the other end (inner edge of the belt-shaped electrode 313 b) in the Y axis direction of the conductive film 311 is 1, the Y coordinate of the touch point is Y, and the resistance value between both ends (inner edges of the belt-shaped electrodes 313a and 313 b) in the Y axis direction of the conductive film 311 is ryWhen the touch pen 330 is brought into contact with the position of the Y coordinate Y, the voltage value V (Y) measured by the voltmeter 325 is determined as ryR, therefore, may be V (y) ═ V0(1-y) is shown.
Therefore, the X-coordinate X and the Y-coordinate Y of the touch point can be obtained by the following equation.
x＝1-V(x)/V0
y＝1-V(y)/V0
That is, in this liquid crystal display device, a touch panel is formed by one conductive film 311 disposed on the observation side of the liquid crystal display panel 1, the conductive film 311 is touched by a touch pen 330 having a conductive pen tip 330a, and the voltage in the X coordinate direction and the voltage in the Y coordinate direction of the touched position are measured, respectively, whereby the X coordinate and the Y coordinate of the touched position can be detected.
Since the liquid crystal display device forms the touch panel from the one conductive film 311, the touch panel can be made thin, and therefore, the entire device can be made thin as compared with a display device having a conventional touch panel.
In this liquid crystal display device, the conductive film 311 is formed on one surface of a transparent base substrate 310, and the base substrate 310 is disposed so that the surface on which the conductive film 311 is formed faces the viewing direction on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display element, so that the base substrate 310 can receive a touch pressure locally applied to the conductive film 311, and the liquid crystal display element can be protected against the touch pressure.
In the liquid crystal display device, since the peripheral edge portion of the opposite surface of the base substrate 310 is bonded to the viewing side surface of the liquid crystal display element with the frame-shaped spacer 314 interposed therebetween, the liquid crystal display element can be further effectively protected against the touch pressure by forming a gap corresponding to the thickness of the spacer 314 between the base substrate 310 and the liquid crystal display element.
In the above embodiment, the dc voltage source is used as the constant voltage source 317, and the constant voltage source 317 alternately applies a constant voltage between both ends in one direction and both ends in the other direction of the two directions orthogonal to each other of the conductive film 311, but the constant voltage source may be an ac power source 417 as in the modification shown in fig. 18.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 19, a conductive film 311 may be formed on the surface of a polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display element without using the base substrate 310. In this case, the support film supporting the polarizing layer of the polarizing plate 8 functions as the base substrate 310, and the liquid crystal display element can be sufficiently protected against the touch pressure by the polarizing plate on which the conductive film 311 is formed.
In addition, the display device of the above embodiment is a liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal display panel 1, but the present invention can also be applied to a display device having another display panel such as an electroluminescence display panel.

Claims (16)

1. A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that:
including a liquid crystal display element and a touch panel,
the liquid crystal display element includes:
a pair of substrates which are arranged to face each other with a gap therebetween and include a first substrate positioned on an observation side and a second substrate positioned on an opposite side of the observation side of the first substrate,
a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first and second substrates,
a first electrode provided on an inner surface of one of the opposed inner surfaces of the pair of substrates,
a second electrode provided on an inner surface of the one substrate on which the first electrode is formed so as to be insulated from the first electrode, and applying a lateral electric field in a direction parallel to the substrate surface to the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode,
a third electrode formed on an inner surface of the other substrate facing the one substrate on which the first electrode and the second electrode are formed, for applying an electric field in a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer between the third electrode and at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode, and
a pair of polarizing plates disposed on the outer side of the pair of substrates and on the opposite side thereof, respectively;
the touch panel includes at least one first conductive film that is provided on at least one of an outer surface of an observation side substrate of the liquid crystal display element and the polarizing plate and has a predetermined resistance value, and detects a specified position on the first conductive film based on a voltage applied to the first conductive film in advance and a voltage measured at the specified position.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein:
the touch panel includes: the voltage measuring device includes a means for applying a predetermined voltage to the first conductive film, a means for measuring a voltage at the specified position on the first conductive film, and a position detecting means for detecting the specified position based on a value of the measured voltage.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein:
the touch panel is a resistive contact type touch panel, includes a second conductive film disposed to face the first conductive film with a gap provided therebetween, and is deformed by partially pressing the second conductive film from the observation side, so that the pressing portion of the second conductive film is partially in contact with the first conductive film.
4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein:
the touch panel includes: a second conductive film disposed opposite to the first conductive film with a gap therebetween; means for applying a voltage to the first and second conductive films; means for measuring a voltage at the predetermined position on the first conductive film and a voltage at the predetermined position on the second conductive film, respectively; and a device for detecting the specified position based on the measured voltage values.
5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein:
the first conductive film of the touch panel is provided on an outer surface of the observation side substrate of the liquid crystal display element.
6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein:
the liquid crystal display element has an observation side polarizing plate disposed on an observation side outside the pair of substrates with a predetermined gap,
the second conductive film of the touch panel is formed on a surface of the observation-side polarizing plate facing the observation-side substrate.
7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein:
the liquid crystal display element further comprises an optical film disposed on the observation side of the observation side substrate with a predetermined gap and composed of a phase plate for optically compensating transmitted light,
the second conductive film of the touch panel is formed on a surface of the optical thin film facing the observation side substrate.
8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein:
the liquid crystal display element further comprises an optical film disposed between the observation side substrate and the observation side polarizing plate and composed of a phase plate for optically compensating transmitted light,
the touch panel further includes a transparent protective film disposed with a predetermined gap from a first conductive film provided on the observation side of the observation side substrate of the liquid crystal display element, and the second conductive film is formed on a surface facing the first conductive film.
9. A liquid crystal display device is characterized in that,
including a liquid crystal display element of a lateral electric field type and a touch panel,
the liquid crystal display element of the lateral electric field type includes:
a pair of substrates which are arranged to face each other with a gap therebetween and include a first substrate positioned on an observation side and a second substrate positioned on an opposite side of the observation side of the first substrate,
a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first and second substrates,
a first electrode provided on an inner surface of one of the opposed inner surfaces of the pair of substrates,
a second electrode provided on an inner surface of the one substrate on which the first electrode is formed so as to be insulated from the first electrode, and applying a lateral electric field in a direction parallel to the substrate surface to the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode,
a third electrode provided on the other of the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates facing each other, the third electrode and at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode generating an electric field therebetween to obliquely align the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surfaces, and
a pair of polarizing plates disposed on the outer side of the pair of substrates and on the opposite side thereof,
wherein the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display element controls transmittance by changing an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer in a plane parallel to the substrate surface, and controls a viewing angle of the liquid crystal display element by obliquely aligning the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surface;
the touch panel includes:
a first conductive film provided on an outer surface of the substrate on the observation side of the liquid crystal display element and having a predetermined resistance value,
a second conductive film which is arranged to face the first conductive film with a gap therebetween, is partially deformed by pressing a predetermined position in a region corresponding to the first conductive film, is in contact with the first conductive film, and has a predetermined resistance value,
a voltage supply device for supplying a voltage to the first and second conductive films, an
And a position detection device for measuring a voltage at a position where the first conductive film and the second conductive film are in contact with each other, and detecting the position of the contact on the first conductive film based on the measured voltage.
10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein:
the liquid crystal display element has an observation side polarizing plate disposed on an observation side outside the pair of substrates with a predetermined gap,
the second conductive film of the touch panel is formed on a surface of the observation-side polarizing plate facing the observation-side substrate.
11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein:
the liquid crystal display element further includes a film-like optical element disposed on the observation side of the observation side substrate with a predetermined gap therebetween for optically compensating transmitted light,
the second conductive film of the touch panel is formed on a surface of the optical element facing the observation side substrate.
12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein:
the optical element is composed of a phase plate for compensating for the viewing angle dependence of the transmittance of the liquid crystal display element.
13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein:
the touch panel further includes a transparent protective film disposed on the viewing side of the viewing side substrate of the liquid crystal display element with a predetermined gap,
the second conductive film is formed on a surface of the protective film facing the observation-side substrate.
14. A liquid crystal display device is characterized in that,
including a liquid crystal display element and a touch panel,
the liquid crystal display element includes:
a pair of substrates which are arranged to face each other with a gap therebetween and include a first substrate positioned on an observation side and a second substrate positioned on an opposite side of the observation side of the first substrate,
a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first and second substrates,
a first electrode provided on an inner surface of one of the opposed inner surfaces of the pair of substrates,
a second electrode provided on an inner surface of either one of the one substrate and the other substrate, for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode, and
a pair of polarizing plates disposed on the outer side of the pair of substrates and on the opposite side thereof, respectively;
the touch panel includes:
a conductive film disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display element and having a predetermined resistance value,
a voltage applying device for applying a voltage from both ends of the conductive film in one direction and from both ends of the conductive film in another direction intersecting the one direction,
means for specifying an arbitrary position on the above-mentioned conductive film, and
and a position detecting device for measuring a voltage at a position on the conductive film specified by the position specifying device and detecting the specified position based on the measured voltage.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein:
the touch panel includes a conductive film formed on the viewing side of a transparent film, and the transparent film is disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display element with a predetermined gap provided therebetween.
16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein:
the touch panel includes a conductive film formed on the viewing side of a transparent film, and the transparent film is disposed in close contact with a polarizer on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display element.
HK07104114.6A 2005-06-29 2007-04-19 Liquid crystal display apparatus including touch panel HK1097920B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005189855A JP5194339B2 (en) 2005-06-29 2005-06-29 Liquid crystal display element
JP189855/2005 2005-06-29
JP366545/2005 2005-12-20
JP2005366545A JP2007172142A (en) 2005-12-20 2005-12-20 Display device
JP2005368291A JP2007171501A (en) 2005-12-21 2005-12-21 Liquid crystal display element
JP368291/2005 2005-12-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
HK1097920A1 HK1097920A1 (en) 2007-07-06
HK1097920B true HK1097920B (en) 2010-02-05

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