HK1096444A - Method and device for the drilling of holes in ground or rocky material - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for drilling holes in soil or rock material

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for drilling, in particular percussive or rotary percussion drilling, in soil or rock material, wherein a drill hole is formed by a drill bit mounted on a drill rod by means of percussive and/or rotary motion and a casing and/or tubular casing is inserted into the drill hole, and to a device for drilling, in particular percussive or rotary percussion drilling, in soil or rock material, wherein a drill bit mounted on a drill rod forms a drill hole by means of percussive and/or rotary motion and a casing and/or tubular casing can be inserted into the drill hole.

Background

Different embodiments are known in connection with methods and devices for drilling, in particular percussive or rotary percussive drilling, in soil or rock material. It is known, for example, to couple a drill bit for introducing impact energy directly to a drill rod, wherein, for example, a casing and/or tubular jacket is introduced into the interior of the borehole under tensile stress by the drill bit, the respective coupling between the casing and/or tubular jacket being effected at the end facing away from the excavation face. A disadvantage in this embodiment is that the energy for inserting the casing and/or the tubular casing, which for example due to locally bearing against the wall of the bore contributes to the frictional resistance, must be added by the drill bit.

Other embodiments are also known in which a correspondingly solid sleeve is provided which interacts with the drill head, in particular on its outer circumference, wherein in these embodiments a substantially central drill rod for the introduction of impact energy is dispensed with. A drawback of this embodiment is, inter alia, the fact that, in order to introduce the required excavation energy, it is necessary to use a very strong and therefore heavy casing, which is usually used for drilling holes, such as boreholes, over a short distance.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to make it possible, starting from a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset, to reliably introduce excavation energy or impact energy into the drill bit and also into the casing and/or the tubular casing.

In order to achieve this object, a method of the type mentioned at the outset is essentially characterized in that the impact energy introduced by the drill rod is transmitted partially, in particular centrally, via the drill rod to the drill bit and partially via an impact socket interacting with the drill rod to the casing and/or the tubular jacket. The energy or impact energy is transmitted separately, in particular centrally, via the drill rod to the drill bit and partially via an impact socket interacting with the drill rod to the casing and/or the tubular jacket, so that the coupling with the casing and/or the tubular jacket to be additionally inserted during the drilling operation is decoupled during the insertion of the drill bit. This makes it possible to limit the excavation energy or impact energy to be transmitted to the drill bit to the extent necessary for the drilling operation, wherein the force necessary for inserting the casing and/or the tubular jacket can also be taken into account according to the invention separately from the frictional resistance that may occur between the outer circumference of the casing and/or the tubular jacket and the produced hole. By virtue of this decoupling of the drill head and the casing and/or the tubular casing for the insertion of the casing and/or the tubular casing, it is no longer necessary, in contrast to the known embodiments, to introduce the energy required for the insertion of the casing and/or the tubular casing from the drill rod onto the drill head and thus onto the tubular casing, whereby only the energy required for the excavation or drilling process has to be transferred to the drill head.

In order to advantageously introduce the energy for driving or driving the sleeve and/or the tubular jacket into the borehole interior via a percussion mechanism having a relatively large outer diameter, it is proposed according to a preferred embodiment that the percussion energy is transmitted from the drill rod to the percussion mechanism with an impact ring connected between them. Energy can be transmitted from a centrally or centrically arranged drill rod, which generally has a relatively small diameter, to an impact socket having a large diameter by means of such an impact ring, wherein the impact socket is substantially adapted to the diameter of the casing or tubular jacket to which it is coupled. By providing separate impact rings, different stresses acting on the individual components can also be taken into account.

In order to introduce or transmit energy to the drill bit and to the percussion ring and the percussion seat particularly uniformly using simple and economically producible components, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that the impact energy is transmitted from the drill rod to the percussion seat and/or to the impact ring and the drill bit connected in between by a stop surface or contact surface, respectively, which forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the drill rod or has a spherical-arch shape. Such a contact surface, which forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the drill rod or has a spherical arch shape, in particular between the drill rod and the end of the drill bit facing away from the excavation face, can be produced simply and with tolerances corresponding to the prescribed transmission of forces.

In order to simply and reliably discharge the excavated material, according to a further preferred embodiment it is proposed that the excavated material is introduced through at least one through-opening in the excavation face of the drill bit into an annular space defined between the outer circumference of the drill rod and the inner circumference of the casing and the tubular jacket connected thereto and is removed from the borehole. The excavated material can thereby be conducted directly through the at least one excavation hole provided in the drill bit into the annular space between the drill rod and the casing and/or the tubular jacket connected to the drill bit, so that the excavated material can be reliably and safely removed from the excavation surface region of the drill bit.

In order to be able to ensure that the excavated material can be discharged through the at least one through-opening in the excavation face of the drill bit by means of the impact ring arranged at a distance from the drill bit and which is provided for the transmission of impact energy from the substantially centrally or centrically arranged drill rod to the impact socket, it is provided according to a preferred embodiment that the impact ring is formed with a through-opening for the outgoing material corresponding to the at least one through-opening in the excavation face of the drill bit and is coupled to the drill rod for a rotational movement with the drill bit.

After a hole has been made, generally at least the drill rod is removed from the borehole, and the borehole and the casing or tubular casing remaining in the borehole are subsequently filled, for example with a hardening substance. In order to remove at least the drill rod particularly easily and quickly after the drilling has been completed, according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the drill head and, if appropriate, the percussion ring are coupled to the drill rod by a plug connection, in which plug connection surfaces, in particular polygonal, which are complementary to one another, are provided. The polygonal surfaces complementary to one another of a plug connection allow a secure coupling with the drill bit and a secure transmission of forces to the drill bit, while a plug connection of this kind makes it possible to easily pull the drill rod away from the drill bit by simple retraction. Furthermore, the provision of a percussion ring separate from the percussion socket also makes it possible to retain the percussion ring in the borehole when the drill rod is removed, so that there is no need to worry about a percussion ring having a larger diameter than the drill rod, since material which may remain in the annular space between the outer circumference of the drill rod and the casing and/or the inner diameter of the tubular jacket interferes when the drill rod is removed.

In order to achieve the object described above, a device of the type mentioned at the outset is furthermore essentially characterized in that the drill head can be acted upon in its central region by a drill rod, and in that the drill rod acts upon an impact socket which interacts with the casing and/or the tubular jacket. As already mentioned, by means of one such embodiment, it is achieved that the impact energy and/or excavation energy to be transferred to the drill bit is introduced uniformly, thereby accelerating and supporting the drilling process and the drilling process. Furthermore, no special measures are involved for introducing the impact energy and for distributing the impact energy over the entire excavation face, which measures are required to preferably strengthen the partial region of the drill bit formed. Furthermore, the drill head can be designed in a correspondingly simplified manner by decoupling the drill head from the casing and/or the tubular jacket, since the forces required for inserting the casing and/or the tubular jacket do not have to be transmitted via the drill head to the casing or the tubular jacket, but rather the casing and/or the tubular jacket is inserted into the interior of the borehole via a percussion seat which interacts with or is acted upon by the drill rod.

In order to achieve a simple coupling between the drill rod and the percussion mechanism and to introduce energy into the percussion mechanism in order to drive the casing and/or the tubular casing into the drill rod, it is provided according to a preferred embodiment that the drill rod is coupled to the percussion mechanism with an impact ring connected in between in order to transmit the impact energy to the casing and/or the tubular casing.

In this connection, according to a further preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the percussion ring is formed separately from the percussion shoe and the drill rod. The individual components of the device according to the invention can thus be separated from one another and thus made simpler and it is thus also ensured that, when the drill rod is removed after the drilling has been completed, as will be described in more detail below, the percussion socket can remain in the drill hole in addition to the drill bit and the sleeve and/or the tubular jacket, as a result of which the drill rod can be pulled out or removed easily without fear that, by having a percussion ring of large external dimensions for coupling with the percussion socket, the drill rod is prevented from leaving the drill hole by the excavated material that may remain in the drill hole.

In order to reliably insert the casing and/or the tubular casing connected to the drill bit into the borehole, it is provided according to a further preferred embodiment that the percussion mechanism is welded to the casing and/or the tubular casing. By coupling or welding the casing and/or the tubular casing to the percussion mechanism, it is ensured that the impact energy to be transmitted to the casing or the tubular casing for introduction into the borehole, in particular under tensile stress, is not first introduced into the drill bit, as in the known embodiment, and the casing and/or the tubular casing is subsequently pulled into the borehole by the drill bit, but rather the driving movement of the drill bit is decoupled from the entraining (synchronous) movement of the casing and/or the tubular casing of the drill bit.

In order to reliably remove excavated material from the region of the drill head, according to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the drill head has at least one through opening in its excavation face for introducing material into an annular space defined between the outer circumference of the drill rod and the inner circumference of the casing and the tubular jacket connected to the casing. The excavated material can be reliably introduced directly from the excavation surface area of the drill bit into the annular space defined between the drill rod and the casing and/or the tubular jacket via at least one such through-opening.

In order to be able to convey excavated material in a defined manner through the region of the impact ring as a coupling between the centrally or centrically arranged drill rod and the impact socket on the outer circumference, it is provided according to a further preferred embodiment that the impact ring has at least one through opening which is aligned with the through opening of the drill bit excavation face.

In order to be able to convey the excavated material as uniformly as possible through the entire excavation surface of the drill head and then through the impact ring, it is provided according to a further preferred embodiment that a plurality of through-openings, in particular three through-openings, are provided at substantially the same angular spacing from one another, in each case at an angular spacing of 120 ° from one another, on the outer circumferential regions of the drill head and the impact ring.

In order to achieve a reliable and simple coupling between the drill rod and the drill bit, according to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the drill bit and the percussion ring are coupled to the drill rod by a plug connection, wherein the plug connection has a stop surface or an abutment surface, in particular a polygonal shape. Such a plug connection with a polygonal stop surface or abutment surface makes it possible to achieve a reliable force transmission, in particular also in consideration of the rotary movement to be introduced into the drill bit, and then to separate or release the drill rod from the drill bit and, if appropriate, the percussion ring after the drilling has been completed by simply pulling back the drill rod.

In order to reliably transmit or introduce the energy to be introduced from the drill rod into the drill bit and the casing and/or the tubular casing with the impact ring and the impact socket connected in between, it is provided according to a further preferred embodiment that the impact socket and, if appropriate, the impact ring and the drill rod and the drill bit have stop surfaces which form an acute angle or have a spherical arch shape, respectively, with the longitudinal axis of the drill rod for transmitting the impact energy from the drill rod to the drill bit and the impact socket and/or the impact ring. Such a stop surface, which forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the drill rod or has a spherical arch shape, can be designed accordingly economically and reliably for locally high forces to be introduced.

In order to be able to achieve a targeted and precise drilling when producing the drilled hole, it is provided according to a further preferred embodiment that a guide tube overlapping the percussion socket is connected to the drill bit at the end facing away from the excavation face, which guide tube together with the drill bit is rotatable relative to the percussion socket and the sleeve and/or tubular jacket connected thereto. This guide tube has a correspondingly short length in order not to excessively increase the friction between the outer circumference of the guide tube and the borehole to be produced, while the sleeve and/or the tubular jacket are subjected to only one tensile stress as described above and are therefore inserted only in the longitudinal direction of the borehole without rotational movement.

In order to achieve a coupling between the guide tube and the percussion mechanism, according to a further preferred embodiment, the guide tube and the percussion mechanism are fixed in the axial direction, for example, by a spring ring.

Drawings

The invention is described in detail below with the aid of an embodiment which is illustrated schematically in the drawing. In the drawings:

figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through an apparatus according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention,

fig. 2 shows a front view of the drill bit according to the embodiment of fig. 1 in the direction of arrow II, wherein fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view according to the section line I-I of fig. 2,

fig. 3 shows a side view of the device according to the invention.

Detailed Description

In the drawings, a drill is generally indicated 1, which in a manner known per se has a plurality of carbide or hard material bits (Einsatz)2 for excavating material, not shown in detail, to form a borehole, also not shown in detail.

As shown in fig. 1, the drill head 1 is coupled on its side facing away from the excavation face 3 to a drill rod 4, wherein in fig. 1 only the foremost section of the drill rod 4 is shown, wherein the drill rod 4 can be lengthened accordingly in a known manner, for example by means of a threaded connection indicated by 5. The drill rod 4 interacts directly with the drill head 1 substantially centrally or centrically in the region of a plug connection 6, wherein fig. 1 also shows a flushing channel 7 in the drill rod 4, which leads to a corresponding flushing opening 8, which is provided in the region of the excavation face 3 of the drill head 1.

In addition to the central coupling of the drill rod 4 to the drill bit 1 in the region of the plug connection 6, it is provided that the drill rod 4 interacts at a distance from the plug connection 6 with an impact ring 9, which in turn interacts with an impact socket (Schlagschuh) 10. With the impact ring 9 in between, the impact socket 10 transmits energy to a sleeve 15.

For the simple and defined transmission of the impact energy from the drill rod 4 to the impact ring 9 and then to the impact socket 10, stop or contact surfaces 12 and 13 are provided, wherein the stop or contact surfaces 12 and 13 each have an acute angle with the longitudinal axis 14 of the drill rod 4. The contact surface 11 between the drill bit 1 and the central drill rod 4 is formed by a spherical arch shape in order to transmit the required forces.

It can also be seen from fig. 1 that the impact socket 10 is connected to the sleeve 15 by a weld 16, so that when the impact socket 10 is loaded in the direction 17 of the drilling or excavating motion, the sleeve 15 and the tubular jacket 18 coupled to the sleeve 15 and connected thereto are simultaneously entrained. For the coupling between the sleeve 15 and the connected tubular jacket 18, a coupling is provided by means of a ring 19.

As can also be seen from fig. 1, a guide tube 20 is connected to the end of the drill bit 1 facing away from the excavation face 3, which guide tube is fixedly connected to the drill bit 1 and overlaps the impact ring 10 at least in some regions. A spring ring, indicated by 21 in fig. 1, serves as an axial securing element between the impact ring 10 and the guide tube 20.

As shown in fig. 3 in particular, the guide tube 20 rotates together with the drill bit 1 in the direction of the arrow 22 during a drilling operation, while the sleeve 15 and the tubular jacket 18 connected thereto are moved into the interior of the drill hole by the percussion mechanism 10 only in the direction 17 of the drilling movement without any rotational movement.

For a particularly reliable and precise coupling between the drill rod 4 and the drill bit 1, a polygonal connecting or contact surface is provided in the region of the plug connection 6.

Furthermore, it is provided that the impact ring 9 is formed separately from both the impact socket 10 and the drill rod 4, so that after the drilling 5 has been completed, the drill rod 4 can be easily removed from the drill hole opposite to the drilling direction 17 and thus from the casing 15 and the interior of the tubular jacket 18 connected thereto, without there being any fear that material in the casing and/or the interior of the tubular jackets 15 and 18 impedes the removal of the drill rod 4, since the impact ring 9 also remains in the drill hole, i.e. in the interior of the casing 15.

In order to discharge excavated material, which is not shown in detail, in a defined manner, the drill bit 1 has at least one and in the exemplary embodiment three passage openings 23 in its excavation face 3, which are arranged at substantially the same angular spacing of 120 ° apart from one another. As can be seen in particular from the illustration in fig. 2, the impact ring 9 also has correspondingly aligned through-openings 24, as a result of which a large passage cross section can be achieved for the discharge of material directly through the excavation face of the drill bit 1 and subsequently into the annular space 25 defined between the outer circumference of the drill rod 4 and the inner circumference of the casing 15 and the tubular jacket 18 connected thereto.

Taking into account the fact that, as described above, the percussion ring 9 is formed separately from both the percussion shoe 10 and the drill rod 4, it is also possible, in the presence of potentially coarse material in the annular chamber 25, to reliably remove or pull out the drill rod 4 after the drilling is completed, since the partial region 26 surrounded by the percussion ring 9, which has a smaller cross section, does not become an obstacle to removal of the drill rod 4 after the drilling is completed, in addition to the substantially smooth outer circumference of the drill rod 4, which is shown on the right in fig. 1.

Claims (17)

1. A method for drilling, in particular percussive or rotary percussive drilling, in soil or rock material, wherein a drill hole is formed by a drill bit (1) supported on a drill rod (4) by means of percussive and/or rotary motion, and a casing and/or tubular casing (15, 18) is inserted into the drill hole, characterized in that the percussive energy introduced by the drill rod (4) is transmitted partially, in particular centrally, via the drill rod (4) to the drill bit (1) and partially via an impact socket (10) interacting with the drill rod (4) to the casing and/or tubular casing (15, 18).

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact energy is transmitted from the drill rod (4) to the impact socket (10) with an impact ring (9) in between.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the impact energy is transmitted from the drill rod (4) to the impact socket (10) and/or to the intermediate connected impact ring (9) and to the drill bit (1) by forming an acute angle or a spherical-arch shaped stop or contact surface (12, 13) with the longitudinal axis (14) of the drill rod (4), respectively.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that excavated material is brought into an annular chamber (25) defined between the outer circumference of the drill rod (4) and the inner circumference of the casing (15) and the tubular casing (18) connected thereto, through at least one through-opening (23) in the excavation face of the drill bit (1) and is discharged from the borehole.

5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the impact ring (9) is formed with a through-hole (24) for discharging material corresponding to at least one through-hole (23) of the excavation face of the drill bit (1) and is coupled to the drill rod (4) for rotational movement with the drill bit (1).

6. The method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drill bit (1) and, if appropriate, the percussion ring are coupled with the drill rod (4) by a plug connection, in which plug connection surfaces, in particular polygonal, which are complementary to one another are provided.

7. A device for drilling, in particular percussive or rotary percussive drilling, in soil or rock material, wherein a drill bit (1) supported on a drill rod (4) forms a drill hole by means of a percussive and/or rotary motion, and a casing and/or tubular casing (15, 18) is inserted into the drill hole, characterized in that the drill bit (1) is loadable in its central region by means of the drill rod (4), and that the drill rod (4) loads a percussion shoe (10) co-acting with the casing and/or tubular casing (15, 18).

8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the drill rod (4) is coupled with the percussion shoe (10) with an impact ring (9) in between, in order to transmit impact energy to the casing and/or the tubular casing (15, 18).

9. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the impact ring (9) is formed separately from the impact socket (10) and the drill rod (4).

10. Device according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the impact socket (10) is welded to the sleeve (15) and/or the tubular casing (18).

11. An apparatus according to any one of claims 7-10, characterized in that the drill bit (1) has at least one through-hole (23) in its excavation face (3) for introducing material into an annular chamber (25) defined between the outer circumference of the drill rod (4) and the inner circumference of the casing (15) and the tubular casing (18) connected thereto.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the impact ring (9) has at least one through hole (24) aligned with the through hole (23) of the excavation face of the drill bit (1).

13. Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a plurality of through-openings (23, 24) are provided at substantially the same angular spacing from one another, in particular three through-openings are provided at an angular spacing of 120 ° from one another, respectively, on the outer circumferential area of the drill bit (1) and on the outer circumferential area of the impact ring (9).

14. The device according to any one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the drill bit (1) and the percussion ring (9) are coupled with the drill rod (4) by means of a plug connection (6), wherein the plug connection (6) has polygonal stop surfaces or contact surfaces.

15. Device according to any of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the impact socket (10) and, if appropriate, the impact ring (9) and the drill rod (4) and the drill bit (1) each have a stop surface which forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis (14) of the drill rod (4) or has a spherical-arch shape for transmitting impact energy from the drill rod (4) to the drill bit (1) and the impact socket (10) and the impact ring (9).

16. A device according to any one of claims 7-15, characterized in that a guide tube (20) overlapping the impact socket (10) at the end facing away from the excavation face (3) is connected to the drill bit (1), which guide tube together with the drill bit (1) is rotatable relative to the impact socket (10) and the casing and/or tubular casing (15, 18) connected thereto.

17. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the guide tube (20) and the impulse seat (10) are fixed in the axial direction, for example by means of a spring ring (21).