HK1095345B - Low-viscosity oligocarbonate polyols - Google Patents

Description

Low-viscosity oligocarbonate polyols

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority from german patent application DE 102005018691, filed 4/22/2005, according to 35u.s.c. § 119 (a-c).

Technical Field

The invention relates to low-viscosity oligocarbonate polyols, to the production and use thereof.

Background

Oligocarbonate polyols are important precursor products for the preparation of, for example, plastics, coatings and adhesives. For example, they are reacted, for example, with isocyanates, epoxides, (cyclo) esters, acids or anhydrides (DE-A1955902). They can in principle be prepared by reacting aliphatic polyols with phosgene (e.g.DE-A1595446), dichlorocarbonates (e.g.DE-A857948), diaryl carbonates (e.g.DE-A1012557), cyclic carbonates (e.g.DE-A2523352) or dialkyl carbonates (e.g.WO 2003/2630).

The oligocarbonate polyols described in the prior art having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 g/mol to 5000 g/mol are characterized in that they can be present in the solid state of aggregation or in the viscous liquid state of aggregation at room temperature (23 ℃). The oligocarbonate polyols which are liquid at room temperature have a viscosity in the range from 2500 to 150000mPas, depending on the composition and number-average molecular weight. Viscosities of less than 3500mPas can only be achieved by oligocarbonate polyols which, in addition to carbonate structures, frequently also contain ester units and/or have a number average molecular weight of less than or equal to 1000 g/mol. However, if ester units are present, this can lead to adverse effects, for example, polyurethane systems based on such so-called polyester carbonate polyols can have an adverse effect on the stability to hydrolysis, compared with systems based on pure oligocarbonate polyols. Similar considerations apply when using ether-containing oligocarbonate polyols, since these systems have a poorer UV resistance than such systems based on pure oligocarbonate polyols.

Another way of preparing pure oligocarbonate polyols of low viscosity is to use hydroxyalkyl-terminated siloxanes. The preparation of such oligocarbonate diols having essentially only hydroxyalkyl-terminated siloxane compounds as their diol component is known and described in chem. Ber. (1996), 99(2), 1368-1383. However, in the case of the preparation by phosgenation described herein, there is no observable indication that the resulting oligomer or polymer contains only hydroxyl functional end groups. Furthermore, it is clear that such oligocarbonate diols based solely on hydroxyalkyl-terminated siloxane compounds are not suitable for the preparation of polyurethane coatings, since they exhibit a high degree of incompatibility with (poly) isocyanates.

Furthermore, the preparation of polysiloxanes modified with polyester polyols and containing carbonate groups is described, for example, in EP-A1035153. These are hydroxyalkyl-terminated siloxanes which have been reacted with polyester polyols and organic carbonates to give copolymers. The viscosity of such copolymers is not given in further detail, and they have a similarly poor hydrolytic stability as the above-mentioned polyester carbonate polyols, since, owing to the ester groups, these copolymers can generally only be used as additives in coatings. There is no description about carbonates containing no carboxylic ester group.

It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide an oligocarbonate polyol having a viscosity at room temperature (23 ℃) of less than 15000mPas, measured according to DIN EN ISO 3219 and varying with a number average molecular weight of between 500 g/mol and 10000 g/mol, and without the disadvantages mentioned above.

Disclosure of Invention

It has been found that oligocarbonate polyols comprising a class of structural units derived from diols of the general formula (I):

in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,

n is an integer from 1 to 50,

m is an integer from 1 to 20,

R₁，R₂each independently is a straight, cyclic or branched chain and optionally unsaturated C₁-C₂₀An alkyl group, a carboxyl group,

(X)_mis a carbon-containing radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may also be interrupted by heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.

The invention also provides a process for preparing oligocarbonate polyols based on the diols mentioned above by transesterification of organic carbonates.

Detailed Description

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers used in the specification and claims, including examples, are to be understood as being preceded by the word "about", even if the term is not expressly stated. Moreover, it is intended that any numerical range recited herein includes all sub-ranges subsumed within that range.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a number average molecular weight (M) synthesized from a polyol component_n) From 500 to 10000 g/mol of an aliphatic oligocarbonate polyol, the polyol component containing from 1 to 99 mol%, based on the polyol component, of a diol of the formula (I), and at least one further aliphatic polyol component, the sum of the amounts of diol of the formula (I) and further polyol being 100 mol%.

Preferred in formula (I) are:

(X)_mis an alkyl group, and the alkyl group,

n is an integer from 1 to 20, more preferably an integer from 1 to 10,

m is an integer from 1 to 10, more preferably an integer from 1 to 5,

R₁、R₂each is methyl, ethyl or propyl, more preferably R₁＝R₂(ii) a methyl group,

preferably, the diol of formula (I) is present in the aliphatic polyol component in an amount of from 1 to 90 mole%, more preferably from 1 to 75 mole%.

The preparation of hydroxyalkyl-terminated siloxane compounds of the formula (I) is known and described, for example, in Chemie und Technologie der Silicone, 2 nd edition, 1968, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany.

The invention also provides for the preparation of the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention and also coatings, adhesives and sealants and polyurethane prepolymers based on the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention. Preferred polyurethane-containing coatings are those which use the oligocarbonate polyols of the invention as reactive component for (poly) isocyanates.

The oligocarbonate polyols of the invention can be prepared by processes described in the prior art, for example by phosgenation or transesterification.

The oligocarbonate polyols of the invention are preferably prepared by transesterification of organic carbonates, such as aryl carbonates, alkyl carbonates or alkylene carbonates, with a polyol component, which are known to be easy to prepare and readily available. Examples that may be mentioned include the following: diphenyl carbonate (DPC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylene carbonate, and the like.

In the polyol component, besides the diols of the general formula (I), aliphatic alcohols having 2 to 100 carbon atoms and an OH functionality of 2 or more are used. These alcohols may be linear, cyclic, branched, unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, and the OH function may be attached to a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom.

Examples that may be mentioned include the following: ethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 2-ethylhexanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dimer diol, sorbitol.

Furthermore, in the polyol component used for the transesterification reaction, it is possible to contain, in addition to the compounds of the formula (I), any desired mixtures of the abovementioned aliphatic polyols.

Preferred aliphatic polyols are saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyols, which are optionally branched and have OH groups attached to primary or secondary carbon atoms and an OH functionality of 2 or more.

In order to accelerate the reaction of the organic carbonates used according to the invention with the polyols, it is possible in principle to use all transesterification catalysts known from the prior art. Catalysts useful herein include soluble catalysts (homogeneous catalysis) and heterogeneous transesterification catalysts.

Suitable substances for preparing the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention are hydroxides, oxides, metal alkoxides, carbonates and organometallic compounds of elements from the main groups I, II, III and IV and transition (transition) groups III and IV of the Mendeleev's periodic Table of the elements, and also elements and compounds from the rare earth metal groups, in particular compounds of titanium, zirconium, lead, tin, antimony, yttrium and ytterbium.

Examples which may be mentioned are the following: LiOH, L₂CO₃、K₂CO₃、CaO、TiCl₄、Ti(OⁱPr)₄、Ti(OⁱBu)₄、Zr(OⁱPr)₄Tin octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, bis (tributyltin) oxide, tin oxalate, lead stearate, Sb₂O₃Yttrium (III) acetylacetonate, ytterbium (III) acetylacetonate.

Preference is given to using: alkoxide compounds of titanium and/or zirconium, such as Ti (O)ⁱPr)₄、Ti(OⁱBu)₄、Zr(OⁱPr)₄(ii) a Organotin compounds such as dibutyltin dilaurate, bis (tributyltin) oxide, dibutyltin oxide; and acetylacetonates of rare earth metals, such as yttrium (III) acetylacetonate and/or ytterbium (III) acetylacetonate. Particular preference is given to using yttrium (III) acetylacetonate, ytterbium (III) acetylacetonate and/or titanium tetraisopropoxide.

The catalyst content is from 1ppm to 1000ppm, preferably from 1ppm to 500ppm, more preferably from 1ppm to 250ppm, based on the amount of oligocarbonate according to the invention obtained.

When the reaction is complete, the catalyst may remain in the product, be separated off, neutralized and/or masked. It is preferred that the catalyst remains in the product. If masking is carried out, it is preferred to use phosphoric acid and derivatives thereof as masking agents, such as H₃PO₄Dibutyl phosphate, and the like.

For the production of the polyurethane coatings based on the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention, all (poly) isocyanates known from the prior art can be used as components which are reactive toward hydroxyl groups.

The polyisocyanates which are reactive toward hydroxyl groups are any desired polyisocyanates which can be synthesized from at least two diisocyanates and contain uretdiones, isocyanurates, allophanates, biurets, imino groups by modification of structurally simple aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and/or aromatic diisocyanatesDiazinedione and/orPolyisocyanates of the diazinetrione structure, as described in J.Prakt.chem.336(1994)185-200, publications DE-A1670666, 1954093, 2414413, 2452532, 2641380, 3700209, 3900053 and 3928503 or EP-A336205, 339396 and 798299.

Suitable diisocyanates for preparing such polyisocyanates are any desired diisocyanates having a molecular weight in the range from 140 to 400, which can be prepared by phosgenation or without phosgene, for example by thermal urethane cleavage, and which contain isocyanate groups bound to aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and/or aromatic groups, such as 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI), 2-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 5-diisocyanato-2, 2-dimethylpentane, 2, 4-and/or 2, 4, 4-trimethyl-1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1, 10-decanediisocyanate, 1, 3-and 1, 4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1, 3-and 1, 4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3, 3, 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 4' -diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 1-isocyanato-1-methyl-4 (3) -isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane, bis (isocyanatomethyl) norbornane, 1, 3-and 1, 4-bis (2-isocyanatoprop-2-yl) benzene (TMXDI), 2, 4-and 2, 6-Tolylene Diisocyanate (TDI), 2, 4 '-and 4, 4' -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1, 5-naphthylene diisocyanate or any desired mixtures of these diisocyanates.

The polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures mentioned are preferably those of the type mentioned above which contain exclusively isocyanate groups bonded to aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic groups.

More preferred are polyisocyanates and/or polyisocyanate mixtures having isocyanurate structure and based on HDI, IPDI and/or 4, 4' -diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane.

Furthermore, it is also possible to use blocked polyisocyanates and/or blocked isocyanates, preferably blocked polyisocyanates and/or blocked polyisocyanate mixtures, more preferably blocked polyisocyanates and/or blocked polyisocyanate mixtures having an isocyanurate structure and based on HDI, IPDI and/or 4, 4' -diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane.

Blocking of (poly) isocyanates to temporarily protect the isocyanate groups is a treatment which has been known for a long time, as described, for example, in Houben Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie XIV/2, pages 61 to 70.

Examples of suitable blocking agents include all compounds which can be eliminated when the blocked (poly) isocyanate is heated in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Suitable blocking agents are, for example: sterically bulky amines such as dicyclohexylamine, diisopropylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-benzylamine; caprolactam; butanone oxime; imidazoles having various possible substitution forms; pyrazoles such as 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole; triazoles and tetrazoles; and alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol. In addition to this, it is also possible to block the isocyanate groups in such a way that in the subsequent reaction, not the blocking agent is eliminated but the intermediate form is consumed in the reaction. This is the case in particular when cyclopentanone 2-carboxyethyl ester is used, which, in the thermal crosslinking reaction, reacts completely into the polymer network and is no longer eliminated.

The catalysts used for the reaction of the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention with the abovementioned (poly) isocyanate components are the customary commercial organometallic compounds of the elements aluminum, tin, zinc, titanium, manganese, iron, bismuth or zirconium, such as dibutyltin dilaurate, zinc octoate, titanium tetraisopropoxide. In addition, however, tertiary amines such as 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane are also suitable.

Accelerating the reaction of the oligocarbonate polyol of the present invention with the (poly) isocyanate component can also be achieved by carrying out the reaction at a temperature of from 20 ℃ to 200 ℃, preferably from 40 ℃ to 180 ℃.

In addition to the use of the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention alone, it is also possible to use mixtures of the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention with other compounds reactive toward (poly) isocyanates, such as polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyacrylate polyols, polyamines, aspartates, etc.

The ratio of the (poly) isocyanate component to the component reactive toward isocyanate groups is adjusted such that the equivalent ratio of free and optionally blocked NCO groups to the component reactive toward isocyanate groups is from 0.3 to 2, preferably from 0.4 to 1.5, more preferably from 0.5 to 1.2.

In addition, the polyurethane coatings of the invention may comprise auxiliaries typical of coating technology, such as, for example, organic or inorganic pigments, other organic light stabilizers, free-radical scavengers, coating additives such as dispersants, flow-control agents, thickeners, defoamers and other auxiliaries, binders, fungicides, bactericides, stabilizers or inhibitors or other catalysts.

Such coating compositions of the invention can be used, for example, in plastic coatings, automotive interior and exterior coatings, floor coatings, balcony coatings and/or wood/furniture coatings.

Examples

The hydroxyl number was determined in accordance with DIN 53240-2 (OHZ).

Number average molecular weight (M)_n) Calculated from the correlation between the hydroxyl number and the theoretical hydroxyl functionality known to the person skilled in the art.

The viscosity was determined according to DIN EN ISO 3219 with a "Roto Visco" rotational viscometer from Haake, Germany.

Unless otherwise stated, the temperatures stated in the examples below refer in each case to the liquid phase temperature of the reaction mixture.

Inventive example 1

Preparation of the oligocarbonate polyols of the invention

To a1 liter three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a reflux condenser were charged 139.5 g (75 mol%) of 1, 6-hexanediol and 223.0 g (25 mol%) of Baysilone under a nitrogen atmosphereOF/OH 5026% (GE-Bayer Silicones, Germany), the initial charge was dehydrated at 110 ℃ for 2 hours under reduced pressure OF 20 mbar. BaysiloneOF/OH 5026% is a hydroxyalkyl-functional (alpha, omega-carbinol) polydimethylsiloxane. The flask was then blanketed with nitrogen, 0.008 grams of titanium tetraisopropoxide and 194.7 grams of dimethyl carbonate were added, and the reaction mixture was held at reflux (110 ℃ oil bath temperature) for 24 hours. The reflux condenser tube was then replaced by a Claisen bridge (Claisen)bridge), the methanol cleavage product formed and the residual dimethyl carbonate are distilled off. For this purpose, the temperature is raised from 110 ℃ to 150 ℃ within 2 hours, and is maintained at this temperature for 4 hours after 150 ℃ has been reached. The temperature was then raised to 180 ℃ over 2 hours, and when the temperature reached 180 ℃, the temperature was held there for a further 4 hours. The reaction mixture was subsequently cooled to 100 ℃ and a stream of nitrogen (2 l/h) was passed through the reaction mixture. In addition, the pressure was slowly reduced to 20 mbar so that the temperature at the top of the distillation did not exceed 60 ℃ during this distillation. When the pressure reached 20 mbar, the temperature was raised to 130 ℃ and maintained at this temperature for 6 hours. After aeration and cooling, oligocarbonate diols which are liquid at room temperature are obtained, which have the following properties:

hydroxyl number (OHZ): 36.9 mg KOH/g

Viscosity at 23 ℃, D: 16: 1450mPas

Number average molecular weight (M)_n): 3035 g/mol

Comparative example 1

Preparation of oligocarbonate polyols which are liquid at room temperature

461.4 g (50 mol%) of 1, 6-hexanediol were introduced under a nitrogen atmosphere into a2 l three-necked flask with stirrer and reflux condenser, and the initial charge was dehydrated at 110 ℃ for 2 hours under a reduced pressure of 20 mbar. The flask was then blanketed with nitrogen and 0.08 g of titanium tetraisopropoxide and 446.6 g (50 mole%) of epsilon-caprolactone were added at 60 deg.C, the mixture heated to 80 deg.C and maintained at that temperature for 2 hours. 482.4 g of dimethyl carbonate were then added and the reaction mixture was held at reflux (110 ℃ oil bath temperature) for 24 hours. The reflux condenser was then replaced by a claisen bridge and the methanol cleavage product formed was distilled off together with the residual dimethyl carbonate. For this purpose, the temperature is raised from 110 ℃ to 150 ℃ within 2 hours, and is maintained at this temperature for 4 hours after 150 ℃ has been reached. The temperature was then raised to 180 ℃ over 2 hours, and when the temperature reached 180 ℃, the temperature was held there for a further 4 hours. The reaction mixture was subsequently cooled to 150 ℃ and a stream of nitrogen (2 l/h) was passed through the reaction mixture. In addition, the pressure was slowly reduced to 20 mbar so that the temperature at the top of the distillation did not exceed 60 ℃ during this distillation. When the pressure reached 20 mbar, the temperature was raised to 180 ℃ and maintained at this temperature for 6 hours. After aeration and cooling, oligocarbonate diols which are liquid at room temperature are obtained, which have the following properties:

hydroxyl number (OHZ): 34.8 mg KOH/g

Viscosity at 23 ℃, D: 16: 73300mPas

Number average molecular weight (M)_n): 3218 g/mol

Comparative example 2

Preparation of oligocarbonate ether polyols which are liquid at room temperature

2788.6 g (100 mol%) of Poly-THF were introduced into a 5 l three-necked flask with stirrer and reflux condenser under nitrogen250(BASF AG, germany), the initial charge is dehydrated at 110 ℃ for 2 hours under reduced pressure of 20 mbar. The flask contents were then blanketed with nitrogen, 0.6 g ytterbium (III) acetylacetonate and 1098.5 g dimethyl carbonate were added and the reaction mixture was held at reflux (110 ℃ oil bath temperature) for 24 hours. The reflux condenser was then replaced by a claisen bridge and the methanol cleavage product formed was distilled off together with the residual dimethyl carbonate. For this purpose, the temperature is raised from 110 ℃ to 150 ℃ within 2 hours, and is maintained at this temperature for 4 hours after 150 ℃ has been reached. The temperature was then raised to 180 ℃ over 2 hours, and when the temperature reached 180 ℃, the temperature was held there for a further 4 hours. The reaction mixture was subsequently cooled to 130 ℃ and a stream of nitrogen (2 l/h) was passed through the reaction mixture. In addition, the pressure was slowly reduced to 20 mbar so that the temperature at the top of the distillation did not exceed the temperature of the distillation column during this distillationAnd (4) passing through 60 ℃. When the pressure reached 20 mbar, the temperature was raised to 180 ℃ and maintained at this temperature for 6 hours. After aeration and cooling, oligocarbonate diols which are liquid at room temperature are obtained, which have the following properties:

hydroxyl number (OHZ): 35.4 mg KOH/g

Viscosity at 23 ℃, D: 16: 17800mPas

Number average molecular weight (M)_n): 3160 g/mol

Comparative example 3

Preparation of pure oligocarbonate polyols

The procedure was carried out in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that 2149.6 g (100 mol%) of 1, 6-hexanediol was used instead of Poly-THF250 and also 2340.6 g of dimethyl carbonate and 0.52 g of ytterbium (III) acetylacetonate as starting materials. After aeration and cooling, oligocarbonate diols are obtained which are waxy at room temperature and have the following properties:

hydroxyl number (OHZ): 39.8 mg KOH/g

Viscosity at 23 ℃, D: 16: undetectable-waxy solid

Number average molecular weight (M)_n): 2800 g/mol

Comparative example 4

Preparation of liquid pure oligocarbonate polyols

The procedure was carried out in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that 1909.8 g (100 mol%) of 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol was used instead of Poly-THF250 with 2027.8 g of dimethyl carbonate and 0.46 g of acetylacetoneYtterbium (III) ketone is used as raw material. After aeration and cooling, oligocarbonate diols are obtained which are waxy at room temperature and have the following properties:

hydroxyl number (OHZ): 56.2 mg KOH/g

Viscosity at 23 ℃, D: 16: 72000mPas

Number average molecular weight (M)_n): 2000 g/mol

Comparative example 5

Preparation of low-viscosity pure oligocarbonate polyols

The same procedure was followed as in comparative example 2, except that 251.8 g (100 mol%) of Baysilone was used in a1 liter three-necked flaskOF/OH 5026% (GE-Bayer Silicones, Germany) instead OF Poly-THF250 and also 42.5 g of dimethyl carbonate and 0.05 g of ytterbium (III) acetylacetonate as starting materials. After aeration and cooling, low-viscosity oligocarbonate diols which are liquid at room temperature are obtained, the product having the following properties:

hydroxyl number (OHZ): 58.5 mg KOH/g

Viscosity at 23 ℃, D: 16: 17mPas

Number average molecular weight (M)_n): 1900 g/mol

Embodiment 2 of the present invention: preparation of the polyurethane coating of the invention

The oligocarbonate diol of the invention obtained in inventive example 1 was mixed with DesmodurZ4470(IPDI polyisocyanate, Bayer Material science AG, Le)verkusen, germany) were mixed in a glass beaker in an equivalent ratio of 1: 1.1, 50ppm of dibutyltin dilaurate were added thereto, and the homogeneous mixture was applied to a glass plate by a doctor blade method. The coating was then cured at 140 ℃ for 30 minutes to give a transparent polyurethane film of high transparency.

Comparative example 6

Preparation of polyurethane coatings

The same procedure as in example 2 of the present invention was conducted, except that the oligocarbonate diol used was the product obtained in comparative example 5. The resulting mixture was cloudy and phase separation occurred. This mixture cannot be used to prepare polyurethane coatings.

Comparing inventive example 1 with comparative examples 1 to 4, it is evident that the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention still have a much lower viscosity at the same or even higher molecular weight and that the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention do not have the disadvantages of the ester or ether structure.

Furthermore, a comparison of inventive example 2 and comparative example 6 shows that only the oligocarbonate polyols according to the invention can be used for the production of polyurethanes and polyurethane coatings.

Although the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that variations can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention except as it may be limited by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. Coating comprising aliphatic oligocarbonate polyols having a number-average molecular weight (M)_n) From 500 g/mol to 10000 g/mol, from a polyol component containing from 1 mol% to 99 mol%, based on the polyol component, of a diol of the general formula (I), and also containing at least one further aliphatic polyol component, the sum of the amounts of diol of the general formula (I) and further polyol being 100 mol%, wherein the general formula (I) is:

in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,

n is an integer from 1 to 50,

m is an integer from 1 to 20,

R₁、R₂each independently of the others, being a linear, cyclic or branched and optionally unsaturated C₁-C₂₀An alkyl group, a carboxyl group,

(X)_mis a carbon-containing radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, into the chain of which it is also possible to insert heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen, wherein the coating is a plastic coating, an automotive interior or exterior coating, a floor coating, a balcony coating, or a wood/furniture coating.

2. The coating of claim 1, wherein said coating is a polyurethane coating.

3. The coating of claim 2, wherein said polyurethane coating is made of an isocyanate or a polyisocyanate.

4. The coating of claim 3 wherein the polyisocyanate is synthesized from at least two diisocyanates having uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, iminoimine and modified by the addition of a single aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and/or aromatic diisocyanate anddiazinedione and/orDiazinetrione structure.

5. The coating according to claim 4, wherein the polyisocyanate has an isocyanurate structure and is based on HDI, IPDI and/or 4, 4' -diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane.

6. The coating of claim 3 wherein said polyisocyanate is blocked.

7. The coating of claim 1, wherein the coating is prepared using a catalyst.

8. The coating of claim 3, wherein said coating is further prepared from a polyisocyanate-reactive compound selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyacrylate polyols, polyamines, and aspartates.

9. The coating of claim 3, wherein said coating is prepared at an equivalent ratio of NCO to isocyanate-reactive component of 0.3 to 2.

10. The coating of claim 1, wherein the coating is prepared by curing at a temperature of between 20 ℃ and 200 ℃.