HK1084065A - Method of concentrating and removing harmful substance using double-stranded dna and adsorbent and apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Method of concentrating and removing harmful substance using double-stranded dna and adsorbent and apparatus therefor Download PDFInfo
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- HK1084065A HK1084065A HK06104467.0A HK06104467A HK1084065A HK 1084065 A HK1084065 A HK 1084065A HK 06104467 A HK06104467 A HK 06104467A HK 1084065 A HK1084065 A HK 1084065A
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Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for concentrating and/or removing harmful substances, especially dioxin-like substances, from liquids such as water, milk, breast milk, etc. by using double-stranded DNA.
Background
Dioxin-like substances including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzo-isofurans (PCDF), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) are harmful substances that are absorbed through the food chain and accumulated in various living bodies. Since even a trace amount of these dioxin-like substances may cause a great harm to the human body, it is an important subject to suppress the generation of dioxin-like substances and to remove dioxin-like substances from a polluted environment. In particular, dioxin-like substances present in rivers and lakes and the like are adhered to the surface of insoluble fine particles and dissolved in water. The former can be removed by aggregating together with fine particles, but the latter is very difficult to remove.
As a method for removing dioxin dissolved in water, there is a method in which a liquid to be treated is placed in a membrane separation apparatus in which activated carbon flows, dioxin dissolved in water is adsorbed on the activated carbon, and solid components such as activated carbon and suspended matter are removed by membrane separation to remove dioxin (see, for example, japanese patent application laid-open No. 2002-239347). In this method, dissolved dioxin and the like are adsorbed on activated carbon, and the dioxin adsorbed on the activated carbon and solid components is filtered with a membrane, so that the dioxin and the like can be removed.
The object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently and inexpensively removing harmful substances such as dioxins dissolved in a liquid such as water, milk, breast milk, etc., and to provide an adsorbent for the harmful substances used in the method, and an apparatus used in the method.
Disclosure of Invention
As a result of extensive studies, the present inventors have found that harmful substances dissolved in liquids such as water, milk, and breast milk can be efficiently concentrated and/or removed by utilizing so-called intercalation (intercalation), in which an aromatic compound having a planar structure is inserted between base pairs of double-stranded DNA having a double helix structure, and have completed the present invention.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method for removing a harmful substance, characterized in that a solution to be treated containing a harmful substance is brought into contact with double-stranded DNA, and the harmful substance is incorporated into the double-stranded DNA to adsorb and separate the harmful substance.
Further, the present invention relates to an adsorbent used in the method for removing the harmful substance, which is formed by enclosing double-stranded DNA or a solution containing double-stranded DNA in a container or bag formed of a partition film permeable to the harmful substance but impermeable to the double-stranded DNA.
Further, the invention also relates to a harmful substance removing device. Wherein one of the apparatuses is an apparatus used for the method for removing the harmful substance, and comprises a contact bath having at least two spaces divided by a partition which is permeable to the harmful substance but impermeable to double-stranded DNA, a double-stranded DNA solution circulating means which circulates a solution containing double-stranded DNA and passes the solution containing double-stranded DNA in a space on one side divided by the partition, and a means for circulating a solution containing the harmful substance and passes the solution in a space on the other side divided by the partition; the harmful substance is moved from the treated solution separated by the membrane into a solution containing double-stranded DNA, and then separated. Another apparatus is characterized by comprising a contact tank containing an adsorbent containing a double-stranded DNA in a non-free state and a means for circulating a solution to be treated containing a harmful substance through the contact tank, wherein the adsorbent is formed by enclosing the double-stranded DNA or the solution containing the double-stranded DNA in a container or bag formed of a partition permeable to the harmful substance but impermeable to the double-stranded DNA, and the harmful substance is transferred from the solution to be treated into the adsorbent and then separated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the harmful material removing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the contact groove of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the harmful material removing apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the absorbent article of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The double-stranded DNA used in the present invention is formed of two polynucleotide strands having a right-handed helix structure. The planar bases having structural complementarity are bonded to each other through hydrogen bonding bonds protruding from the sugar-phosphate frameworks of the two polynucleotide chains in a direction perpendicular to the major axis of the helix and toward the central portion of the helix. In the double-stranded DNA having the B-type structure, a gap having a width of about 1.1nm and a height of about 0.34nm is formed between base pairs, and a small molecule having a planar structure can be inserted into the gap, which is called intercalation. This phenomenon is promoted by the charge and hydrophobicity of the small molecule. Dioxin-like substances have a planar structure containing a plurality of benzene rings and exhibit hydrophobicity, and thus it is considered that dioxin is removed from water using double-stranded DNA.
As the double-stranded DNA, for example, fish milt can be used as a raw material. It is known that fish milt contains a large amount of double-stranded DNA and protein and is a food material having a very high nutritive value. However, since only a small part of fish milt can be used as fresh food, the field of use thereof is limited from the viewpoint of processing difficulty, preservability, and the like, and most of fish milt are discarded. In particular, in the north sea area, over ten thousand tons of milt of salmon discharged in large quantities are used as feed or fertilizer every year or are discarded. Therefore, fish milt containing a large amount of double-stranded DNA is particularly suitable as a raw material for mass production of double-stranded DNA at low cost. Such fish may, for example, be salmon, herring, trout or cod, and after removing skin, tendon, blood vessel and the like from the fish milt, double-stranded DNA can be obtained by purification and removal of oil.
The harmful substance that can be treated in the present invention can be classified into various types, but from the viewpoint of utilizing intercalation into double-stranded DNA, an organic compound having a planar steric structure, for example, a compound containing an aromatic ring, can be preferably treated. The present invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of dioxin-like substances such as dibenzo-p-dioxins (DD), Dibenzofurans (DF), Biphenyls (BP), polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDF), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).
In the method for removing a harmful substance of the present invention, the mode of bringing the solution to be treated into contact with the double-stranded DNA is not particularly limited, and for example, a method of bringing the solution to be treated into contact with a solution containing the double-stranded DNA through a separator which is permeable to a harmful substance and impermeable to the double-stranded DNA so as not to allow the double-stranded DNA to migrate into the solution to be treated can be mentioned. In this method, the membrane is made in the form of a hollow fiber, whereby the contact area between the solution containing double-stranded DNA and the solution to be treated can be increased, and as a result, the treatment efficiency of the treatment solution can be improved.
Further, as a method of bringing the double-stranded DNA into contact with the contact solution, there is also a method of bringing an adsorbate containing the double-stranded DNA in a non-free state into contact with a non-treatment solution. In this method, a non-treatment liquid is charged into a housing tank, and the adsorbate is then charged into the housing tank. Preferably, the non-treatment liquid is circulated in the storage tank while being stirred, thereby increasing the contact efficiency between the adsorbate and the liquid to be treated.
The adsorbate may be a gel formed by immobilizing double-stranded DNA on acrylamide gel. The gel can be formed into a cylindrical shape, a disk shape, or the like, and can be formed into a granular gel having a substantially uniform particle diameter depending on the method for producing the gel. In addition, as another form of the adsorbate, there is one formed by fixing double-stranded DNA in polysulfone. Polysulfone can be easily molded into a granular shape, a film shape, or the like, and particularly, an adsorbate in which double-stranded DNA is immobilized in hollow-filament-shaped polysulfone increases the contact area with a treatment liquid containing a harmful substance, thereby improving the treatment efficiency.
The adsorbent is particularly configured such that a container is formed with a membrane permeable to a harmful substance but impermeable to double-stranded DNA, and a solution containing double-stranded DNA is sealed in the container. In such an adsorbate, harmful substances in the treatment solution permeate through the separator and are adsorbed on the double-stranded DNA, while the double-stranded DNA cannot permeate through the separator, so that the harmful substances can migrate into the solution containing the double-stranded DNA and be efficiently removed.
Further, the present invention can extract harmful substances intercalated into double-stranded DNA by an organic solvent and desorb the harmful substances from the double-stranded DNA, thereby regenerating and reusing a solution containing double-stranded DNA or an adsorbate containing double-stranded DNA.
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a harmful material removing apparatus according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the constitution of the contact groove in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the harmful material removing apparatus according to the present invention; fig. 4 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the absorbent article of the present invention.
The apparatus for removing harmful substances according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 comprises a circulating apparatus 2 for a solution containing double-stranded DNA, a circulating apparatus 3 for a solution to be treated, and a contact tank 1 connected to the circulating apparatus 2 for a solution containing double-stranded DNA and the circulating apparatus 3 for a solution to be treated.
The double-stranded DNA solution circulation device 2 is a device for circulating a solution containing double-stranded DNA, such as a pump; the double-stranded DNA in the solution functions as a substance that adsorbs a harmful substance in the harmful substance removal apparatus of the present invention. The concentration of the solution containing the double-stranded DNA varies depending on the amount of the harmful substance to be treated, the time required for completion of the treatment, and the like, and is, for example, about 0.1 to 10. mu.M (bp).
The circulation device 3 for the treatment target liquid is a device for circulating the treatment target liquid containing harmful substances to be concentrated and/or removed from water, and is, for example, a pump. The concentration of the harmful substance in the liquid to be treated is not particularly limited, and the apparatus for removing a harmful substance of the present invention can efficiently perform the treatment even if the harmful substance is present at an extremely low concentration of, for example, ppb level.
The contact well 1 has a membrane permeable to the harmful substance but impermeable to the double-stranded DNA, and the contact well 1 is partitioned into at least two spaces by the membrane. On one side of the space, a solution containing double-stranded DNA is circulated; further, the liquid to be treated is circulated on the other side of the space. For example, a semipermeable membrane having a pore diameter that allows small molecules having a molecular weight of several hundred, such as dioxins, to pass therethrough, but does not allow giant molecules having a molecular weight of 500 ten thousand or more, such as double-stranded DNA, to pass therethrough, may be used as the separator, and such a semipermeable membrane is commercially available.
The mode of disposing the above-mentioned diaphragm to partition the space in the contact well 1 is not particularly limited as long as both the solution containing the double-stranded DNA and the liquid to be treated can be circulated and brought into contact with each other, and for example, a simple configuration in which the interior of the contact well 1 is divided into two spaces by one diaphragm, a configuration in which the interior of the contact well 1 is divided into two parts in the longitudinal direction, a configuration in which the interior of the contact well is divided into doughnut-shaped parts to form a double cylindrical well, or the like can be used. However, in view of the treatment principle of the apparatus for removing a harmful substance according to the present invention, since the treatment efficiency is improved as the contact area between the solution containing double-stranded DNA and the liquid to be treated is increased, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of hollow filaments 5 are formed of a semi-permeable membrane, and one of the solution containing double-stranded DNA and the liquid to be treated is made to flow through the inside thereof while the other is made to flow through the outside of the hollow filaments 5, the contact groove 1 configured in this way increases the contact area between the solution containing double-stranded DNA and the liquid to be treated, and thus the apparatus having high treatment efficiency is obtained.
In order to remove the harmful substances by using the harmful substance removing apparatus having the above-mentioned structure, the solution containing the double-stranded DNA is circulated in the space on the side contacting the tank by the circulating means 2 containing the double-stranded DNA solution; the liquid to be treated is circulated in the other space of the contact tank 1 by the liquid circulation device 3. In this case, the liquid to be treated may be circulated directly from a lake or a water tank in which the liquid to be treated is stored, or may be circulated after being transferred into the water tank. In addition, the circulation direction of each liquid is arbitrary. In this way, the solution containing the double-stranded DNA and the liquid to be treated are brought into contact with each other through the separator in the contact chamber 1, and harmful substances such as dioxins contained in the liquid to be treated permeate through the separator in the contact chamber 1 and are incorporated into the double-stranded DNA contained in the solution containing the double-stranded DNA. Since the double-stranded DNA having the harmful substance incorporated therein cannot permeate the separator, the harmful substance is removed from the liquid to be treated and concentrated in the solution containing the double-stranded DNA.
The harmful substance thus concentrated in the solution containing the double-stranded DNA can be finally treated by a known method such as incineration. In addition, when a solution containing double-stranded DNA having harmful substances incorporated therein is mixed with an organic solvent such as hexane, the harmful substances incorporated in the double-stranded DNA can be desorbed from the double-stranded DNA and migrate into the organic solvent. This allows the DNA in which the harmful substance is incorporated to be saturated to be regenerated.
The apparatus for removing harmful substances according to the embodiment shown in fig. 3 includes a circulation device 3 for a liquid to be treated and a contact tank 1 connected to the circulation device 3 for the liquid to be treated and containing an adsorbate 4.
The adsorbate 4 contains double-stranded DNA in a non-free state, and can be formed, for example, by chemically binding double-stranded DNA to a carrier such as a polymer compound. The shape is not particularly limited, and a spherical shape, a fibrous shape, a plate shape, or the like may be used, but in order to improve the contact efficiency between the double-stranded DNA and the treatment solution, it is preferable to bind the double-stranded DNA to the surface of the porous carrier. Alternatively, a solution containing double-stranded DNA is packed in a bag made of a semipermeable membrane permeable to harmful substances but impermeable to double-stranded DNA, and the resulting product can be used as the adsorbate 4.
In order to remove the harmful substances by using the harmful substance removing apparatus having the above-described configuration, the adsorbate 4 is loaded into the contact tank 1, and the liquid to be treated is circulated through the contact tank 1 by the liquid to be treated circulating means 3. As a result, harmful substances such as dioxins contained in the liquid to be treated are incorporated into the double-stranded DNA present in the adsorbate 4, and as a result, the harmful substances are removed from the liquid to be treated. Subsequently, the adsorbate 4 adsorbing the harmful substance is taken out of the contact tank 1 and treated by a known method.
When the adsorbate 4 has a low ability to adsorb a harmful substance, the circulation of the solution to be treated is stopped and the organic solvent is circulated through the contact tank 1, whereby the harmful substance can be desorbed from the adsorbate 4 having double-stranded DNA in which the harmful substance is incorporated and can be transferred to the organic solvent. As a result, the adsorbate 4 is regenerated, and the harmful substance is extracted into the organic solvent.
The adsorbate 4 shown in FIG. 4 is formed by enclosing double-stranded DNA or a solution containing double-stranded DNA in a container or bag formed with a partition membrane permeable to harmful substances but impermeable to double-stranded DNA. The separator may be a semipermeable membrane permeable to harmful substances but impermeable to double-stranded DNA, and the semipermeable membrane may be used to produce, for example, a bag-like material, and double-stranded DNA or a solution containing double-stranded DNA prepared at a desired concentration may be sealed in the bag-like material without leakage to produce an adsorbed material. The bag-like article can be formed by bonding films into a cylindrical shape and then sealing the upper and lower portions.
Example 1: removal of dioxins using solutions containing double-stranded DNA
Solutions of dioxin-like substances containing dibenzo-isodioxin (DD), dibenzo-isofuran (DF), and Biphenyl (BP) at a concentration of 1mg/ml were prepared as model treatment liquids. The sample solution was contacted with a double-stranded DNA-containing solution containing double-stranded DNA derived from salmon milt at a concentration of 6.8. mu.M (bp) while circulating at a flow rate of 100 ml/min for 96 hours through a semipermeable membrane.
When the concentration of dioxin in the model treatment solution after the contact is compared with the concentration of dioxin in the solution containing double-stranded DNA, it is found that the concentration of dioxin in the solution containing double-stranded DNA is hundreds of times higher than the concentration of dioxin in the model treatment solution, and dioxin is concentrated in the solution containing double-stranded DNA.
Next, hexane was added to the double-stranded DNA-containing solution containing dioxin at a high concentration, and the solution was allowed to soak at room temperature for 6 hours. Thus, dioxin can be extracted into hexane, and thus the regenerated solution containing double-stranded DNA has almost the same ability to remove harmful substances as the solution before regeneration.
Example 2: manufacture of adsorbates
A6.8. mu.M (bp) solution of double-stranded DNA derived from salmon milt was prepared. The dialysis membrane cut at 1kD was formed into a bag having a length of 10cm, a width of 5cm and a thickness of 2 cm.
50ml of the solution was injected into each pouch and sealed to form the adsorbate.
Industrial applicability of the invention
The present invention can efficiently concentrate and/or remove harmful substances such as dioxins dissolved in a liquid such as water, milk, breast milk, and the like, by inserting the harmful substances between base pairs of double-stranded DNA. Further, as the double-stranded DNA, a substance derived from fish milt which has been mostly discarded in the past can be used, and the cost for disposal can be reduced.
Claims (6)
1. A method for removing a harmful substance is characterized in that a liquid to be treated containing a harmful substance is brought into contact with a double-stranded DNA, and the harmful substance is adsorbed and separated by being embedded in the double-stranded DNA.
2. The method for removing harmful material according to claim 1, wherein the harmful material is dioxin-like material.
3. An adsorbent used in the method for removing a hazardous substance according to claim 1, wherein the double-stranded DNA or the solution containing the double-stranded DNA is enclosed in a container or a bag formed with a partition membrane permeable to the hazardous substance but impermeable to the double-stranded DNA.
4. The apparatus for removing a harmful substance according to the method for removing a harmful substance of claim 1, characterized by comprising a contact tank having at least two spaces divided by a membrane permeable to a harmful substance but impermeable to double-stranded DNA, a double-stranded DNA solution circulating means for circulating a solution containing double-stranded DNA and allowing the solution containing double-stranded DNA to flow through in a space on one side divided by the membrane, and a means for circulating a solution to be treated which circulates a harmful substance and allows the solution to be treated to flow through in a space on the other side divided by the membrane; the harmful substance is moved from the treated solution separated by the membrane into a solution containing double-stranded DNA, and then separated.
5. The harmful material removing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the separator is formed as a hollow wire, and the contact groove is divided into a space outside the hollow wire and a space inside the hollow wire.
6. The apparatus for removing a harmful substance according to claim 1, comprising a contact tank containing an adsorbent containing double-stranded DNA in a non-free state, and a means for circulating a solution to be treated containing a harmful substance so as to flow through the contact tank, wherein the adsorbent is formed by enclosing double-stranded DNA or a solution containing double-stranded DNA in a container or bag formed of a partition permeable to a harmful substance but impermeable to double-stranded DNA, and the harmful substance is transferred from the solution to be treated into the adsorbent and then separated.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-008310 | 2003-01-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HK1084065A true HK1084065A (en) | 2006-07-21 |
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