HK1080746B

HK1080746B - Personal care compositions comprising a zinc containing material in an aqueous surfactant composition

Info

Publication number: HK1080746B
Application number: HK06100886.1A
Authority: HK
Inventors: 埃里克.S.约翰逊; 伊丽莎白．A．克兰; 詹姆斯．R．施瓦茨; 卡尔．H．马加尔夫第三; 格雷戈里．V．托莫斯; 戴维．T．沃恩克
Original assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date: 2002-04-22
Filing date: 2003-03-18
Publication date: 2009-12-31

Description

Personal care compositions comprising zinc-containing materials in aqueous surfactant compositions

Technical Field

Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to personal care compositions and methods for treating microbial and fungal infections on the skin or scalp. Furthermore, certain embodiments of the present invention relate to methods of treating dandruff and compositions that can provide improved anti-dandruff activity.

Background

Among trace metals, zinc is the second most abundant metal in the human body, which catalyzes almost every biological process, directly or indirectly, by being contained in many different metalloenzymes. The critical role played by zinc may be reflected in the symptoms of malnutrition, which include dermatitis, anorexia, alopecia and dysplasia. Zinc has been particularly important for skin health, and the use of zinc (typically in the form of zinc oxide or calamine) to regulate various skin problems has been known for over 3000 years. More specifically, recent data indicate that topical zinc treatment of the healing and reparative properties of damaged skin often results in increased cure rates. This phenomenon has increasingly been supported by a large amount of biochemistry. Since it has long been demonstrated that dandruff represents a significant damage to the scalp, topical zinc treatment can aid the repair process.

Inorganic salts, such as zinc oxide, have been used as bacteriostatic and/or fungistatic compounds in a wide variety of products, including paints, coatings and preservatives. However, zinc salts do not have the high level of bactericidal efficacy that may be desirable for many anti-dandruff and skin care applications.

While the prior art addresses some of the problems of tracking the use of inorganic salts in a wide variety of products, they do not address the problems of the present invention in a degree or manner. Accordingly, there is a need for an improved personal care composition comprising a zinc-containing material in an aqueous surfactant composition.

Summary of The Invention

One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition comprising an effective amount of a zinc-containing material, from about 5% to about 50% surfactant, and from about 40% to about 95% water, wherein the composition has a pH of greater than about 7 and the zinc-containing material has a water solubility of less than about 25% by weight in the composition at 25 ℃.

Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition comprising an effective amount of a zinc-containing material, from about 5% to about 50% of a surfactant, and from about 0.1% to about 5% of a zinc ionophoric material, from about 40% to about 95% of water, wherein the composition has a pH of greater than about 7 and the zinc-containing material has a water solubility in the composition of less than about 25% by weight at 25 ℃.

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the present invention will be better understood from the following description.

It has now been surprisingly found that by using a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione (e.g., zinc pyrithione) in combination with a zinc-containing material in accordance with the present invention, anti-dandruff efficacy can be significantly increased in topical compositions. Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention provides a topical composition having improved benefits to the skin and scalp (e.g., improved anti-dandruff efficacy).

One embodiment of the present invention provides a stable composition for the dispersion of a zinc-containing material, such as zinc oxide, wherein the zinc-containing material is present in particulate form. It has been shown that formulating aqueous systems comprising zinc-containing materials, such as zinc oxide, is complicated due to their unique physical and chemical properties. They have a high density (i.e. 3 g/cm)³) And needs to be uniformly dispersed throughout the product so it will not aggregate or settle. They also have very reactive surface chemistries and a tendency to dissolve in the system at pH values below 7.5. This provides a unique understanding of the species (e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citrate) that needs to control the proton source or other reaction/coordination.

One embodiment of the present invention relates to compositions comprising labile zinc provided by the selection of an effective zinc-containing material or the in situ generation of an effective zinc-containing material.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a topical skin and/or hair composition that provides superior anti-dandruff efficacy from zinc oxide. One embodiment of the present invention also provides a method of cleansing hair and/or skin. These and other benefits will become apparent from the detailed description below.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a topical skin and/or hair composition that provides superior anti-dandruff efficacy from basic zinc carbonate. One embodiment of the present invention also provides a method of cleansing hair and/or skin. These and other benefits will become apparent from the detailed description below.

The present invention may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional elements, components, or limitations described herein.

All percentages, parts and ratios are based on the total weight of the composition of the present invention, unless otherwise specified. All weights referred to herein for listed ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not include carriers or by-products that may be included in commercially available products.

The components and/or steps of the various embodiments of the present invention, including those that may optionally be added, are described in detail below.

All citations are herein incorporated by reference in their relevant part and no admission is made that any reference is available as prior art to the present invention.

All proportions are by weight unless otherwise specifically indicated.

All temperatures are in degrees Celsius unless otherwise specifically noted.

Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts including quantities, percentages, fractions, and ratios are understood to be modified by the word "about," and amounts will not show significant digits.

The articles "a" and "the" mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise.

The term "comprising" in the context of the present invention means that other steps and other ingredients may be added which do not affect the end result. This term includes the terms "consisting of and" consisting essentially of. The compositions and methods/processes of the present invention can comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described herein.

By "effective" in the context of the present invention is meant that the amount of the active substance of interest is sufficiently high to provide a significant positive change in the condition to be treated. The effective amount of the active substance of interest will vary depending on the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of treatment and the nature of concurrent treatment and similar factors.

A. Zinc-containing material

The compositions of the present invention comprise an effective amount of a zinc-containing material. As used herein, "zinc-containing material" or ZCM refers to a material comprising zinc covalently and/or ionically or physically bound by a matrix material.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises an effective amount of a zinc-containing material having a water solubility in the composition at 25 ℃ of less than about 25%, more preferably less than about 20%, more preferably less than about 15% by weight.

Preferred embodiments of the invention comprise from 0.001% to 10%, more preferably from 0.01% to 5%, still more preferably from 0.1% to 3% of a zinc-containing material.

In a preferred embodiment, the zinc-containing material has an average particle size of 100nm to 30 μm.

Examples of zinc-containing materials that can be used in certain embodiments of the invention include the following:

inorganic substance: zinc aluminate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide and materials comprising zinc oxide (such as calamine), zinc phosphate (i.e., orthophosphates and pyrophosphates), zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, zinc silicates (i.e., orthosilicates and metasilicates), zinc fluorosilicate, zinc borate, zinc hydroxide and zinc hydroxy sulfate, zinc-containing layered materials, and combinations thereof.

Furthermore, layered structures are those accompanied by crystal growth, which mainly occurs in a plane. Layered structures can generally be described not only as those incorporating all atoms into well-defined layers, but also as those having ions or molecules between the layers, known as tunnel ions (a.f. wells, "Structural Inorganic Chemistry", Clarendon Press, 1975). Zinc-containing layered materials (ZLMs) may have zinc incorporated into the layer and/or may act as a more labile tunnel ion component.

Many ZLMs occur naturally in the form of minerals. Common examples include hydrozincite (zinc carbonate hydroxide), basic zinc carbonate, aurichalcite (zinc copper carbonate hydroxide), rosasite (copper zinc carbonate hydroxide), and many related zinc-containing minerals. Natural ZLMs also exist in which anionic layer species such as clay-type minerals (e.g., layered silicates) contain ion-exchanged zinc tunneling ions. All of these natural materials may also be obtained synthetically or generated in situ during the composition or production process.

Another common class of frequently, but not always, synthetically derived ZLMs are layered dihydroxides, which are generally represented by the formula [ M [ ]²⁺ _1-xM³⁺ _x(OH)₂]^x+A^m- _x/m·nH₂O, and some or all of the divalent ions (M)²⁺) Will be indicated as zinc ions (Crepaldi, EL, Pava, PC, Tronto, J, Valim, JB J., "Colloid interface. Sci.", 2002, 248, 429-42).

Another class of ZLMs can be prepared, called hydroxy double salts (Morioka, h., Tagaya, h., Karasu, M, Kadokawa, J, Chiba, K, "inorg. chem.", 1999, 38, 4211-6). The hydroxy double salt can be represented by the general formula [ M ]²⁺ _1-xM²⁺ _1+x(OH)_3(1-y)]⁺A^n- _(1＝3y)/n·nH₂O represents, wherein the two metal ions may be different; if they are the same and represent zinc ions, the formula can be simplified to [ Zn ]_1+x(OH)₂]^2x+2x A^-·nH₂And O. This latter formula represents (where x ═ 0.4) common materials such as zinc hydroxychloride and basic zinc nitrate. These also relate to hydrozincite, in which the divalent anion is replaced by a monovalent anion. These materials may also be generated in situ in the composition or during the production process.

These classes of ZLMs represent examples of the relatively common general class and will not be limiting in order to further expand the range of materials that meet this definition.

Natural zinc-containing materials/ores and minerals: sphalerite (sphalerite), wurtzite, calamine, zincite, willemite, hemimorphite, and combinations thereof.

Organic salt: fatty acid zinc salts (i.e., caproate, laurate, oleate, stearate, and the like), alkyl sulfonic acid zinc salts, naphthenic acid zinc salts, tartaric acid zinc salts, tannic acid zinc salts, phytic acid zinc salts, monoglycerol alcohol zinc salts, allantoic acid zinc salts, uric acid zinc salts, amino acid zinc salts (i.e., methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine salts, and the like), and combinations thereof.

Polymer salt: zinc polycarboxylates (i.e., polyacrylates), zinc polysulfates, and combinations thereof.

Physical adsorption type: zinc loaded ion exchange resins, zinc adsorbed on the surface of the particles, composite particles incorporating zinc salts (i.e., as a core/shell or aggregate morphology), and combinations thereof.

Zinc salt: zinc oxalate, zinc tannate, zinc tartrate, zinc citrate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxide, zinc oleate, zinc phosphate, zinc silicate, zinc stearate, zinc sulfide, zinc undecanoate, and the like, and mixtures thereof; zinc oxide or basic zinc carbonate is preferred.

Commercially available sources of Zinc oxide include Z-Cote and Z-Cote HPI (BASF) and USP I and USP II (zinccorporation, USA).

Commercially available sources of Zinc Carbonate include Zinc Carbonate Basic (cam Chemicals: Bensenville, IL, USA), Zinc Carbonate (Shepherd Chemicals: norwood, OH, USA), Zinc Carbonate (CPS Union Corp.: New York, NY, USA), Zinc Carbonate (elements Pigments: Durham, UK), and Zinc Carbonate AC (Bruggemann Chemical: newtown Square, PA, USA).

Zinc salts that become insoluble above pH 7: zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc fluoride, zinc iodide, zinc sulfate, zinc citrate, zinc lactate, zinc nitrate, zinc propionate, zinc salicylate, zinc tartrate, zinc valerate, zinc gluconate, zinc selenate, zinc benzoate, zinc borate, zinc bromate, zinc formate, zinc glycerophosphate, zinc picrate, zinc butyrate, and the like, and combinations thereof.

Define ZCM solubility: a zinc-containing material having a solubility of less than 25% will have a percentage of dissolved zinc value below a measurable threshold defined by the weight percentage and the molecular weight of the zinc compound. This theoretical threshold can be calculated by the following formula (see the examples in the table):

0.25 weight percent of Zn compounds in the composition 65.39 moles of Zn compounds in the composition (molecular weight of Zn)

Molecular weight of Zn Compound

Zinc compounds	Formula (II)	The zinc compound in the composition	Soluble ZnPercent; (if 25% by weight of the zinc source is soluble)
Zinc compounds	Formula (II)	The zinc compound in the composition		Zinc oxide	ZnO	1.0％	0.20％
Basic zinc carbonate (hydrozincite)	Zn(CO)(OH)	1.0％	0.15％	Zinc oxide	ZnO	1.0％	0.20％

Zinc stearate

Zn(CHO)

1.0％

0.026％

B. Zinc Ionophore (ZIM)

In another embodiment of the invention, the composition further comprises a zinc ionophoric material. As used herein, "zinc ionophore" and "ZIM" refer to a hydrophobic molecule or substance that forms a hydrophobic molecule capable of increasing the permeability of a cell to zinc ions (i.e., exhibiting zinc ionophore properties). Without being bound by theory, it is believed that ZIMs protect the zinc ion charge delivery by penetrating into the hydrophobic bilayer lipid membrane. The ZIM may be a channel-forming ionophore or a flow-type ionophore. ZIMs may be those commonly referred to as zinc ionophores or those hydrophobic zinc chelators that have zinc ionophore properties. Hydrophobic zinc chelators are substances that bind to zinc and increase the hydrophobicity of the zinc ion so that, for example, it is classified into a non-aqueous solvent. The ZIMs may effectively comprise zinc present in the composition or present in the system in which they are present, with ZIMs also preferred comprising zinc ions; that is, materials in the form of zinc salts exhibit zinc ionophore properties.

Preferred embodiments include 0.01% to 5%, more preferably 0.1% to 2% ZIM.

In embodiments having a zinc containing material and ZIMs, the ratio of zinc containing material to ZIMs is preferably from 5:100 to 5:1, more preferably from about 2:10 to 3:1, still more preferably from 1:2 to 2: 1.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ZIMs have efficacy against the target microorganism such that the minimum inhibitory concentration ("MIC") is less than 5000 parts per million. MIC is a well understood measure to those skilled in the art and is an indication of the efficacy of a fungicide. Generally, the lower the value of the composition, the better the fungicide efficacy, due to the increased inherent ability of anti-dandruff agents to inhibit microbial growth. The lowest tested dilution of the antimicrobial active that caused no further growth of the microorganisms was defined as the MIC.

Examples of ZIMs that may be used in embodiments of the present invention include the following:

delivery enhancers Albumin, histidine, peanut

Arachidonic acid, picolinic acid, bis

Hydroxy vitamin D₃Ethyl wheat

Germinol

In a preferred embodiment, the ZIM is pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione. Any form of polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione may be used, including platelet and needle structures. Preferred salts for use in the present invention include those formed from the polyvalent metals magnesium, barium, bismuth, strontium, copper, zinc, cadmium, zirconium and mixtures thereof, with zinc salts being more preferred. Even more preferred for use in the present invention is the zinc salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (known as "zinc pyrithione" or "ZPT"); more preferably ZPT in the form of platelet particles, wherein the particles have an average particle size of up to about 20 μm, preferably up to about 5 μm, more preferably up to about 2.5 μm.

Pyrithione antimicrobial and antidandruff agents are disclosed, for example, in U.S. patents 2,809,971, 3,236,733, 3,753,196, 3,761,418, 4,345,080, 4,323,683, 4,379,753, and 4,470,982.

It is also contemplated that when ZPT is used as the antimicrobial particle in the antimicrobial composition of the present invention, the additional benefit of hair growth or regrowth may be enhanced or regulated or both, or hair loss may be reduced or inhibited, or hair will become thicker or more numerous.

Zinc pyrithione may be prepared by: 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (i.e., the acid of pyrithione) or a soluble salt thereof, and a zinc salt (e.g., zinc sulfate) are reacted to form a zinc pyrithione precipitate, as illustrated in U.S. patent 2,809,971.

C. Topical carriers

In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention are in the form of a topical composition that includes a topical carrier. Preferably, the topical carrier is selected from a wide range of conventional personal care carriers depending on the type of composition to be formed. By appropriate selection of compatible carriers, it is envisaged that the above compositions will be prepared in the form of a daily skin or hair product, including a conditioning agent; cleaning product forms, such as shampoo and/or scalp lotion, body wash, hand sanitizer, waterless hand sanitizer/cleaner, facial cleanser, and the like.

In a preferred embodiment, the carrier is water. Preferably, the composition of the present invention comprises from 40% to 95%, preferably from 50% to 85%, still more preferably from 60% to 80% by weight of the composition of water.

D. Detersive surfactant

The compositions of the present invention include a detersive surfactant. A detersive surfactant component is included to provide cleaning performance to the composition. The detersive surfactant component comprises, in order, an anionic detersive surfactant, a zwitterionic or amphoteric detersive surfactant, or a combination thereof. Such surfactants should be physically and chemically compatible with the essential components described herein, or should not unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.

Suitable anionic detersive surfactant components for use in the compositions of the present invention include those known for use in hair care or other personal care cleansing compositions. The concentration of the anionic surfactant component in the composition should be sufficient to provide the desired cleaning and lather performance, and is generally from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 8% to about 30%, more preferably from about 10% to about 25%, even more preferably from about 12% to about 22%.

Preferred anionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. These substances have the respective expression ROSO₃M and RO (C)₂H₄O)_xSO₃M, wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is an integer having a value of from 1 to 10, and M is a cation, such as ammonium, alkanolamines, such as triethanolamine, monovalent metals, such as sodium and potassium, and polyvalent metal cations, such as magnesium and calcium.

In the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates, preferably R has from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, and even more preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms. The alkyl ether sulfates are typically prepared as condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. The alcohol may be synthetic or may be derived from fats and oils, such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, tallow. Lauryl alcohol and straight chain alcohols derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil are preferred. Such alcohols are reacted with from about 0 to about 10, preferably from about 2 to about 5, more preferably about 3, molar ratios of ethylene oxide, and the resulting mixture of molecular species has, for example, an average of about 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol sulfated and neutralized.

Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are those of the formula [ R¹-SO₃-M]Water soluble salts of organic sulfuric acid reaction products of (2), wherein R¹Is a straight or branched chain, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms; and M is a cation as described above.

Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are also the reaction products of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide, wherein, for example, the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil; sodium or potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, wherein, for example, the fatty acid is derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil. Other similar anionic surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. nos. 2,486,921, 2,486,922 and 2,396,278.

Other anionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are the succinate salts, examples of which include disodium N-octadecyl sulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, tetrasodium N- (1, 2-dicarboxyethyl) -N-octadecyl sulfosuccinate, the dipentyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate, the dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate, and the dioctyl ester of the sodium salt of sulfosuccinate.

Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants include olefin sulfonates having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms. In addition to the actual olefin sulfonate and a portion of the hydroxy-alkanesulfonate, the olefin sulfonate may contain minor amounts of other materials, such as olefin disulfonate, depending on the reaction conditions, the proportions of the reactants, the nature of the olefin feedstock and impurities in the olefin feedstock as well as side reactions during sulfonation. Non-limiting examples of the above alpha olefin sulfonate mixtures are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,880.

Another class of anionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are the beta-alkoxy alkane sulfonates. These surfactants correspond to the formula

Wherein R is¹Is a straight chain alkyl group having from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, R²Is a lower alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 carbon atom, and M is a water soluble cation as described above.

Preferred anionic detersive surfactants for use in the compositions of the present invention include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosinate, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, lauryl sulfate, Potassium lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocosulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and combinations thereof. Most preferred anionic detersive surfactants include sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium laureth sulphate.

Amphoteric or zwitterionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include those known for use in hair care or other personal care cleansing. The concentration of the amphoteric detersive surfactant described above is preferably from about 0.5% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%. Non-limiting examples of suitable zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,104,646(Bolich Jr. et al), 5,106,609(Bolich Jr. et al).

Amphoteric detersive surfactants suitable for use in the composition are well known in the art and include those surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group, such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Preferred amphoteric detersive surfactants for use in the present invention include cocoamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl acetate, cocoamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl diacetate, lauroamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl acetate, lauroamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl diacetate and mixtures thereof.

Zwitterionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are well known in the art and include those surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, and phosphonate. Zwitterionic compounds such as betaines are preferred.

The compositions of the present invention may further comprise an additional surfactant, for use in combination with the anionic detersive surfactant component of the present invention as described above. Suitable optional surfactants include nonionic and cationic surfactants. Any such surfactant known in the art for use in hair care or personal care products may be used, provided that the optional additional surfactant is also chemically and physically compatible with the essential components of the composition of the present invention, or does not otherwise unduly impair product performance, aesthetics or stability. The concentration of the optional additional surfactant in the compositions of the present invention may vary depending on the desired cleaning or lathering effect, the optional surfactant selected, the desired product concentration, the presence of other components in the composition, and other factors well known in the art.

Non-limiting examples of other anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric or optional additional surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are described in McCutcheon, "Emulsifiers and detergents," 2002, published by m.c. publishing co., and in U.S. patents 3,929,678, 2,658,072, 2,438,091, 2,528,378.

E. Dispersed particles

The compositions of the present invention may include dispersed particles. In the compositions of the invention, it is preferred to incorporate at least 0.025%, more preferably at least 0.05%, still more preferably at least 0.1%, even more preferably at least 0.25%, and still more preferably at least 0.5% by weight of dispersed particles. In the compositions of the present invention, it is preferred to incorporate not more than about 20%, more preferably not more than 10%, still more preferably not more than 5%, even more preferably not more than 3%, and still more preferably not more than 2% by weight of dispersed particles.

F. Aqueous carrier

The compositions of the present invention are typically in the form of pourable liquids (at ambient conditions). Thus, the composition will typically include an aqueous carrier in an amount of from about 20% to about 95%, preferably from about 60% to about 85%. The aqueous carrier may comprise water or a mixture of miscible water and organic solvent, but preferably comprises water with minimal or no significant concentration of organic solvent, unless otherwise incidentally incorporated into the composition as a minor constituent of other essential or optional components.

G. Additional Components

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise one or more optional components known for use in hair care or personal care products, provided that the optional component is physically and chemically compatible with the essential components described herein, or does not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance. The concentration of each of the aforementioned optional components may be from about 0.001% to about 10%.

Non-limiting examples of optional components for use in the composition include cationic polymers, conditioning agents (hydrocarbon oils, fatty esters, silicones), anti-dandruff agents, suspending agents, viscosity modifiers, dyes, non-volatile solvents or diluents (water soluble or water insoluble), pearlescent aids, foam boosters, additional surfactants or non-ionic co-surfactants, pediculicides, pH adjusters, perfumes, preservatives, chelating agents, proteins, skin active agents, sunscreens, uv absorbers, vitamins, minerals, extracts of herbs/fruits/food, sphingolipid derivatives or synthetic derivatives and clays.

1. Cationic polymers

The compositions of the present invention may comprise a cationic polymer. The concentration of the cationic polymer in the composition is typically from about 0.05% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.075% to about 2.0%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.0%. Preferred cationic polymers will have a cationic charge density of at least about 0.9meq/gm, preferably at least about 1.2meq/gm, more preferably at least about 1.5meq/gm, but also preferably less than about 7meq/gm, more preferably less than about 5meq/gm at the pH of the composition for which it is intended, which will generally range from about pH3 to about pH9, preferably between about pH4 and about pH 8. The "cationic charge density" of a polymer herein refers to the ratio of the number of positive charges on the polymer to the molecular weight of the polymer. Such suitable cationic polymers will generally have an average molecular weight of from about 10,000 to 1 million, preferably from about 50,000 to about 5 million, more preferably from about 100,000 to about 3 million.

Suitable cationic polymers for use in the compositions of the present invention comprise cationic nitrogen-containing moieties such as quaternary ammonium or cationic protonated amino moieties. The cationic protonated amines can be primary, secondary, or tertiary amines (preferably secondary or tertiary), depending on the particular species of composition and the selected pH. Any anionic counterions can be used in conjunction with the cationic polymers so long as the polymers remain soluble in water, the composition or the coacervate phase of the composition, and so long as the counterions are physically and chemically compatible with the essential components of the composition or do not otherwise unduly impair product performance, stability or aesthetics. Non-limiting examples of such counterions include halide (e.g., chloride, fluoride, bromide, iodide), sulfate, and methylsulfate.

Non-limiting examples of such polymers are described in Estrin, Crosley, and CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, third edition, by Haynes, (CTFA, Washington, D.C. (1982)).

Non-limiting examples of suitable cationic polymers include copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic protonated amine or quaternary ammonium functionality with water soluble spacer monomers such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl acrylamides, alkyl and dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, vinyl caprolactone or vinyl pyrrolidone.

Suitable cationic protonated amino and quaternary ammonium monomers for inclusion in the cationic polymers of the present compositions include vinyl compounds substituted with dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl acrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, trialkyl methacryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, trialkyl acryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, diallyl quaternary ammonium salts, and vinyl quaternary ammonium monomers having cyclic cationic nitrogen-containing rings such as pyridinium, imidazolium, and quaternized pyrrolidone, for example, alkyl vinyl imidazolium, alkyl vinyl pyridinium, alkyl vinyl pyrrolidone salts.

Other suitable cationic polymers for use in the composition include: copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium salt (e.g., hydrochloride salt) (known in the art as polyquaternium-16 by the cosmetic, toiletry and fragrance Association "CTFA"; copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (known in the art as polyquaternium-11 by CTFA); cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers, including, for example, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer and copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (referred to in the art (CTFA) as polyquaternium 6 and polyquaternium 7, respectively); amphoteric copolymers of acrylic acid, including copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (known in the art (CTFA) as polyquaternium 22); terpolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide (known in the art (CTFA) as polyquaternium 39) and terpolymers of acrylic acid with methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride and methacrylate (known in the art (CTFA) as polyquaternium 47). Preferred cationically substituted monomers are cationically substituted dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamides, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamides, and combinations thereof. These preferred monomers correspond to the formula:

wherein R is¹Is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; each R²、R³And R⁴Independently hydrogen or a short chain alkyl group having from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 1 to about 2 carbon atoms; n is an integer having a value of from about 1 to about 8, preferably from about 1 to about 4; x is a counterion. Is connected to R²、R³And R⁴The nitrogen of (A) may be a protonated amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), but is preferably a quaternary amine, wherein each R is²、R³And R⁴Is an alkyl group, a non-limiting example of which is polyisobutylene amido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride available under the trade name Polycare 133 from Rhone-Poulenc, Cranberry, n.j., u.s.a.

Other suitable cationic polymers for use in the compositions of the present invention include polysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose derivatives and cationic starch derivatives. Suitable cationic polysaccharide polymers include those corresponding to the formula:

wherein A is an anhydroglucose residue, such as a starch or cellulose anhydroglucose residue; r is an alkylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group or combination thereof; r1, R2, and R3 are independently alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms, the total number of carbon atoms per cationic moiety (i.e., the sum of the carbon atoms in R1, R2, and R3) preferably being about 20 or less; and X is an anionic counterion as described above.

Preferred cationic cellulose polymers are salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethylammonium salts in place of epoxides, see state of the art (CTFA) polyquaternium 10, available as their polymers LR, JR and KG series from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, n.j., USA). Other suitable types of cationic cellulose include polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose with lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, see Polyquaternium 24 in the art (CTFA). These materials are available from Amerchol Corp under the trade name Polymer LM-200.

Other suitable cationic polymers include cationic guar derivatives such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, specific examples of which include the Jaguar series commercially available from Rhone-Poulenc Incorporated and the N-Hance series commercially available from Aqualon division of Hercules, Inc. Other suitable cationic polymers include quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers, some examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,418. Other suitable cationic polymers include etherified cellulose copolymers, guar gum and starch, some examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,958, 581. When the cationic polymer of the invention is used, the polymer is soluble in the composition or in a complex coacervate phase in the composition, the complex coacervate phase being formed from the cationic polymer of the invention and the anionic, amphoteric and/or zwitterionic detersive surfactant component described above. Complex coacervates of the cationic polymer can also be formed by other charged species in the composition.

Techniques for analyzing complex coacervate formation processes are known in the art. For example, microscopic analysis of the composition at any selected dilution stage can be applied to confirm whether a coacervate phase has formed. This coacervate phase will be identified as an additional emulsified phase in the composition. The use of dyes may help to distinguish the coacervate phase from other insoluble phases dispersed in the composition.

2. Nonionic polymers

Polyalkylene glycols having a molecular weight greater than about 1000 are useful in the present invention. Substances having the following general formula may be used:

wherein R is⁹⁵Selected from the group consisting of H, methyl and mixtures thereof. The polyalkylene glycol used in the present invention is PEG-2M (also known as Polyox)n-10 and available as PEG-2,000 from Union carbide); PEG-5M (also known as Polyox)n-35 and Polyoxn-80 and available as PEG-5,000 and polyalkylene glycol 300,000 from Union Carbide); PEG-7M (also known as Polyox)n-750 from Union Carbide); PEG-9M (also known as Polyox)n-3333 from Union Carbide); and PEG-14m (also known asn-3000 from Union carbide).

3. Conditioning agent

Conditioning agents include any material used to provide a particular conditioning benefit to the hair and/or skin. In hair treatment compositions, suitable conditioning agents are those which deliver one or more benefits including shine, softness, combability, antistatic properties, wet-handling, mar resistance, manageability, body, and greasiness resistance. Conditioning agents for use in the compositions of the present invention typically comprise a water-insoluble, water-dispersible, non-volatile liquid that forms emulsified liquid particles. Suitable conditioning agents for use in the compositions of the present invention are those conditioning agents which are generally characterized as silicones (e.g., silicone oils, cationic silicones, silicone gums, high refractive silicones, and silicone resins), organic conditioning oils (e.g., hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins, and fatty esters) or combinations thereof, or those conditioning agents which form liquid dispersed particles in the aqueous base of the surfactants of the present invention. Such conditioning agents should be physically and chemically compatible with the essential components of the composition and should not unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.

The concentration of conditioning agent in the compositions of the present invention should be sufficient to provide the desired conditioning benefits and will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such concentrations may vary depending on the conditioning agent, the desired conditioning performance, the average particle size of the conditioning agent particles, the type and concentration of other components, and other similar factors.

Siloxanes

The conditioning agent of the compositions of the present invention is preferably an insoluble silicone conditioning agent. The silicone conditioning agent particles can comprise volatile silicones, non-volatile silicones, or combinations thereof. Preferred are non-volatile silicone conditioning agents. If volatile silicones are present, it will typically be incidental to their use as a solvent or carrier in the form of commercially available non-volatile silicone material ingredients such as silicone gums and resins. The silicone conditioning agent particles may comprise a silicone fluid conditioning agent and may also comprise other ingredients such as silicone resins to improve silicone fluid deposition efficacy or enhance hair shine.

The concentration of silicone conditioning agent is typically from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 3%. Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone conditioning agents and optional silicone suspending agents are described in U.S. reissue patent 34,584, U.S. patent 5,104,646 and U.S. patent 5,106,609. The silicone conditioning agents useful in the compositions of the present invention preferably have a viscosity of from about 20 to about 2,000,000 centistokes ("csk"), more preferably from about 1,000 to about 1,800,000 centistokes, even more preferably from about 50,000 to about 1,500,000 centistokes, more preferably from about 100,000 to about 1,500,000 centistokes, as measured at a temperature of 25 ℃.

The dispersed silicone conditioning agent particles typically have a number average particle diameter of from about 0.01 μm to about 50 μm. For small particles applied to hair, the number average particle diameter is typically from about 0.01 μm to about 4 μm, preferably from about 0.01 μm to about 2 μm, more preferably from about 0.01 μm to about 0.5 μm. For larger particles to be applied to hair, the number average particle diameter is typically from about 4 μm to about 50 μm, preferably from about 6 μm to about 30 μm, more preferably from about 9 μm to about 20 μm, more preferably from about 12 μm to about 18 μm.

Background information on silicones, including discussion of silicone fluids, gums and resins, and silicone manufacture, can be found in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and engineering, Vol.15, second edition, p.204-308, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, (1989).

a. Silicone oil

Silicone fluids, including silicone oils, are flowable silicone materials having a viscosity of less than 1,000,000 centistokes, preferably from about 5 centistokes to about 1,000,000 centistokes, more preferably from about 100 centistokes to about 600,000 centistokes, measured at 25℃. Suitable silicone oils for use in the compositions of the present invention include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, polyether siloxane copolymers and mixtures thereof. Other insoluble non-volatile silicone fluids having hair conditioning properties may also be used.

The silicone oil comprises a polyalkyl or polyaryl siloxane corresponding to the following formula (III):

wherein R is an aliphatic group, preferably an alkyl or alkenyl group, or an aryl group, R may be substituted or unsubstituted, and x is an integer from 1 to about 8,000. Suitable R groups for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryl, aralkyl, arylalkenyl, alkylamino, and ether-substituted, hydroxy-substituted, and halogen-substituted aliphatic and aryl groups. Suitable R groups also include cationic amines and quaternary ammonium groups.

Preferred alkyl and alkenyl substituents are C₁To C₅More preferably C₁To C₄More preferably C₁To C₂Alkyl and alkenyl groups of (a). The aliphatic portion of other alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl containing groups (e.g., alkoxy, alkaryl, and alkylamino) may be straight or branched chain, and is preferably C₁To C₅More preferably C₁To C₄Even more preferably C₁To C₃More preferably C₁To C₂. As discussed above, the R substituent may also contain an amino functionality (e.g., alkylamino), which may be a primary, secondary or tertiary amine or a quaternary ammonium. These include mono-, di-and trialkylamino and alkoxyamino groups, with the aliphatic moiety chain lengths preferably being as described above.

b. Amino and cationic siloxanes

Cationic silicone fluids suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those conforming to the general formula (V):

(R₁)_aG_3-a-Si-(-OSiG₂)_n-(-OSiGb(R₁)_2-b)_m-O-SiG_3-a(R₁)_a

wherein G is hydrogen, phenyl, hydroxy or C₁-C₈Alkyl of (a), preferably methyl; a is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 3, preferably 0; b is 0 or 1, preferably 1; n is a number from 0 to 1,999, preferably from 49 to 499; m is an integer from 1 to 2,000, preferably from 1 to 10; the sum of n and m is a number from 1 to 2,000, preferably from 50 to 500; r₁Is in accordance with the general formula CqH_2qA monovalent group of L, wherein q is an integer having a value of 2 to 8, and L is selected from the group consisting of:

-N(R₂)CH₂-CH₂-N(R₂)₂

-N(R₂)₂

-N(R₂)₃A^-

-N(R₂)CH₂-CH₂-NR₂H₂A^-

wherein R is₂Is hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl or a saturated hydrocarbon radical, preferably about C₁To about C₂₀And A is alkyl of^-Is a halide ion.

Particularly preferred cationic siloxanes according to formula (V) are the polymers known as "trimethylsilylaminopolydimethylsiloxanes" which are represented by the following formula (VI):

other silicone cationic polymers useful in the compositions of the present invention are represented by the general formula (VII):

wherein R is³Is C₁To C₁₈A monovalent hydrocarbon group of (a), preferably an alkyl group or an alkenyl group such as a methyl group; r₄Is a hydrocarbon radical, preferably C₁To C₁₈Alkylene or C₁₀To C₁₈More preferably C₁To C₈An alkyleneoxy group of (a); q^-Is a halide, preferably chloride; r is an average statistical value of 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 8; s is an average statistical value of 20 to 200, preferably 20 to 50. A preferred polymer of this type is known as UCARE SILICONE ALE56^TMAvailable from Union Carbide.

c. Pure silicon rubber

Other silicone fluids useful in the compositions of the present invention are insoluble silicone gums. These gums are polyorganosiloxane materials having a viscosity greater than or equal to 1,000,000 centistokes, measured at 25 ℃. Silicone gums are described in U.S. Pat. nos. 4,152,416; noll and Walter, "chemistry and Technology of Silicones", New York: academic Press (1968); and general electric silicon Rubber Product Data Sheets SE 30, SE 33, SE 54 and SE 76. Specific non-limiting examples of silicone gums for use in the compositions of the present invention include polydimethylsiloxane, (polydimethylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer, poly (dimethylsiloxane) (diphenylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer, and mixtures thereof.

d. High refractive index siloxanes

Other nonvolatile, insoluble silicone fluid conditioning agents suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are those known as "high refractive index silicones" which have a refractive index of at least about 1.46, preferably at least about 1.48, more preferably at least about 1.52, more preferably at least about 1.55. The refractive index of the polysiloxane fluid will generally be less than about 1.70, typically less than about 1.60. In this context, a silicone "fluid" includes oils as well as gums.

High refractive index polysiloxane fluids include those represented by formula (III) above, as well as cyclic polysiloxanes such as those represented by the following formula (VIII):

wherein R is as defined above, and n is a number from about 3 to about 7, preferably from about 3 to about 5.

The high refractive index polysiloxane fluid comprises an amount of aryl-R substituents sufficient to increase the refractive index to the desired level, as described herein. In addition, R and n must be selected so that the material is non-volatile.

Substituents containing aryl groups include those containing five-and six-membered aromatic rings including alicyclic and heterocyclic rings and those containing fused five-or six-membered rings. The aryl ring itself may be substituted or unsubstituted.

Generally, the high refractive index polysiloxane fluid will have a degree of aryl-containing substituents of at least about 15%, preferably at least about 20%, more preferably at least about 25%, even more preferably at least about 35%, more preferably at least about 50%. Typically, the degree of aryl substitution will be less than about 90%, more typically less than about 85%, preferably from about 55% to about 80%.

Preferred high refractive index polysiloxane fluids have phenyl or phenyl derived substituents (more preferably phenyl) and alkyl substituents, preferably C₁-C₄Alkyl (more preferably methyl), hydroxy or C₁-C₄Alkylamino (especially-R)¹NHR²NH2, wherein each R¹And R²Independently is C₁-C₃Alkyl, alkenyl and/or alkoxy) groups.

When high refractive index silicones are used in the compositions of the present invention, they are preferably used in solution with a spreading agent, such as a silicone resin or surfactant, to reduce surface tension sufficiently to enhance spreading, and thus enhance the shine (after drying) of hair treated with the composition.

Silicone fluids suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. patent No. 2,826,551, U.S. patent No. 3,964,500, U.S. patent No. 4,364,837, british patent No. 849,433, and silicone compounds, petri Systems, inc. (1984).

e. Siloxane resins

Silicone resins may be included in the silicone conditioning agents of the compositions of the present invention. These resins are highly crosslinked polymeric siloxane systems. Crosslinking is introduced during the manufacture of the silicone resin by blending trifunctional and tetrafunctional silanes with monofunctional or difunctional or both silanes.

Especially of siliconThe alkane species and silicone resin may be conveniently referred to in accordance with a shorthand nomenclature system known to those of ordinary skill in the art as the "MDTQ" nomenclature. Under this system, the siloxane is represented by the various siloxane monomer units present which make up the siloxane. Briefly, the symbol M represents a functional unit (CH)₃)₃SiO_0.5(ii) a D represents a difunctional unit (CH)₃)₂SiO; t represents a trifunctional unit (CH)₃)SiO_1.5(ii) a Q represents a tetrafunctional unit SiO₂. The basic unit symbols (e.g., M ', D', T ', and Q' represent substituents other than methyl, and must be specifically defined at each occurrence.

Preferred silicone resins for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, MQ, MT, MTQ, MDT, and MDTQ resins. Methyl is a preferred siloxane substituent. Particularly preferred silicone resins are MQ resins, wherein the ratio of M to Q is from about 0.5:1.0 to about 1.5:1.0, and the average molecular weight of the silicone resin is from about 1000 to about 10,000.

The weight ratio of non-volatile silicone fluid having a refractive index of less than 1.46 to silicone resin component (when used) is preferably from about 4:1 to about 400:1, more preferably from about 9:1 to about 200:1, more preferably from about 19:1 to about 100:1, especially when the silicone fluid component is a polydimethylsiloxane fluid or a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane fluid and polydimethylsiloxane gum as described above. Since the silicone resin forms part of the same phase as the silicone fluid, i.e., conditioning active, in the compositions of the present invention, the sum of the fluid and resin should be included in determining the silicone conditioning agent content of the composition.

2. Organic conditioning oil

The conditioning component of the compositions of the present invention may also comprise from about 0.05% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.08% to about 1.5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1%, of at least one organic conditioning oil as a conditioning agent, which may be used alone or in combination with other conditioning agents such as silicones (as described herein).

a. Hydrocarbon oil

Organic conditioning oils suitable for use as conditioning agents in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils having at least about 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclic hydrocarbons, straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), including polymers and mixtures thereof. The linear hydrocarbon oil is preferably about C₁₂To about C₁₉Carbon atoms. Branched hydrocarbon oils, including hydrocarbon polymers, typically will contain more than 19 carbon atoms.

Specific non-limiting examples of these hydrocarbon oils include paraffin oil, mineral oil, saturated and unsaturated dodecane, saturated and unsaturated tridecane, saturated and unsaturated tetradecane, saturated and unsaturated pentadecane, saturated and unsaturated hexadecane, polybutene, polydecene, and mixtures thereof. Branched chain isomers of these compounds, as well as higher chain length hydrocarbons, may also be used, examples of which include highly branched, saturated or unsaturated alkanes, such as the highly methyl-substituted isomers of hexadecane and eicosane, for example, the highly methyl-substituted isomers of 2, 2,4, 4,6, 6, 8, 8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane and 2, 2,4, 4,6, 6-dimethyl-8-methylnonane, available from Permethyl Corporation. Hydrocarbon polymers such as polybutene and polydecene. Preferred hydrocarbon polymers are polybutenes, such as copolymers of isobutylene and butene. A commercially available material of this type is L-14 polybutene, available from Amoco chemical corporation. The concentration of the above hydrocarbon oils in the composition is preferably from about 0.05% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.08% to about 1.5%, and even more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1%.

b. Polyolefins

The organic conditioning oils useful in the compositions of the present invention may also comprise liquid polyolefins, more preferably liquid poly-alpha-olefins, more preferably hydrogenated liquid poly-alpha-olefins. The polyolefins used in the present invention are of C₄To about C₁₄Preferably about C₆To about C₁₂The olefin monomer is prepared by polymerization.

Non-limiting examples of olefin monomers useful in preparing the polyolefin liquid of the present invention include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, branched isomers such as 4-methyl-1-pentene, and mixtures thereof. Also suitable for preparing polyolefin liquids are refinery feedstocks or effluents comprising olefins. Preferred hydrogenated alpha olefin monomers include, but are not limited to, 1-hexene to 1-hexadecene, 1-octene to 1-tetradecene, and mixtures thereof.

c. Aliphatic esters

Other suitable organic conditioning oils for use as conditioning agents in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, fatty esters having at least 10 carbon atoms. These aliphatic esters include esters having hydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or alcohols (e.g., monoesters, polyol esters, and di-and tricarboxylic esters). The hydrocarbyl groups of the aliphatic esters herein may include or have covalently bonded thereto additional compatible functional groups such as amide and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether linkages, etc.).

Specific examples of preferred aliphatic esters include, but are not limited to: isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate, cetyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, dihexyldecyl adipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl myristate, lauryl acetate, cetyl propionate, and oleyl adipate.

Other aliphatic esters suitable for use in the composition of the present invention are monocarboxylic acid esters having the general formula R ' COOR wherein R ' and R are alkyl or alkenyl groups and the total number of carbon atoms in R ' and R is at least 10, preferably at least 22.

Other aliphatic esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are di-and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. C₄To C₈Dicarboxylic acid esters (e.g. C of succinic, glutaric and adipic acids)₁To C₂₂Esters of (5), preferably C₁To C₆Esters of (ii). Specific non-limiting examples of di-and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids include isocetyl stearyl stearate, diisopropyl adipate, and tristearyl citrate.

Other suitable aliphatic esters for use in the compositions of the present invention are those known as polyol esters. Such polyol esters include alkylene glycol esters such as ethylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, diethylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, propylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycol monooleate, polypropylene glycol 2000 monostearate, ethoxylated propylene glycol monostearate, glycerol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, polyglycerol poly-fatty acid esters, ethoxylated glycerol mono-stearate, 1, 3-butylene glycol monostearate, 1, 3-butylene glycol distearate, polyoxyethylene polyol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters.

Still other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are glycerides, including but not limited to mono-, di-and triglycerides, preferably di-and triglycerides, more preferably triglycerides. For use in the compositions of the present invention, the glyceride is preferably a long chain carboxylic acid such as C₁₀To C₂₂Mono-, di-and triglycerides of carboxylic acids. A variety of such materials are available from vegetable and animal fats and oils, such as castor oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil, lanolin and soybean oil. Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, glycerol trioleate and glyceryl dilaurate tristearate.

Other suitable fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are water insoluble synthetic fatty esters. Some preferred synthetic esters correspond to the following general formula (IX):

wherein R is¹Is C₇To C₉Alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl groups of (a), preferably saturated alkyl groups, more preferably saturated, linear alkyl groups; n is a positive integer having a value of 2 to 4, preferably 3; and Y is an alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 3 to about 14 carbon atoms. Other preferred synthetic esters correspond to the following general formula (X):

wherein R is²Is C₈To C₁₀Alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl of (a); preferably saturated alkyl, more preferably saturated, straight-chain alkyl; n and Y are as defined above for formula (X).

Specific non-limiting examples of synthetic fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include: p-43 (C of trimethylolpropane)₈-C₁₀Triester of (b), MCP-684 (tetraester of 3,3 diethanol-1, 5 pentanediol), MCP 121 (C of adipic acid)₈-C₁₀Diester of (c), all of which are available from Mobil chemical company.

3. Other Conditioning Agents

Also suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are the conditioning agents described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,674,478 and 5,750,122 to Procter & Gamble Company. Also suitable for use herein are those conditioning agents described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,529,586(Clairol), 4,507,280(Clairol), 4,663,158(Clairol), 4,197,865(L 'Oreal), 4, 217,914 (L' Oreal), 4,381,919(L 'Oreal), and 4,422,853 (L' Oreal).

4. Additional Components

The compositions of the present invention may also include various additional useful components. Preferred additional components include those discussed below:

1. other antimicrobial actives

In addition to the pyrithione metal salt active, the compositions of the present invention may also include one or more fungicide or antimicrobial actives. Suitable antimicrobial actives include coal tar, sulfur, whitfield's ointment, castellani's pigment, aluminum chloride, gentian violet, octopirox (octopirox ethanolamine), ciclopirox olamine, undecylenic acid and metal salts thereof, potassium permanganate, selenium sulphide, sodium thiosulphate, propylene glycol, bitter orange oil, urea preparations, griseofulvin, 8-hydroxyquinoline clioquinol (ciloquinol), thiodibazole, thiocarbamate, haloprogin, polyalkenes, hydroxypyridinones, morpholine, benzylamine, allylamines (e.g. terbinafine), tea tree oil, clove leaf oil, coriander, rose bengal, berberine, thyme red, cassia oil, cinnamaldehyde, citronellac acid, hinokitiol, ichthammol, Sensiva SC-50, elegusab HP-100, azelaic acid, lysozyme, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), isothiazolinones such as octyl isothiazolinone and oxazole and combinations thereof. Preferred antimicrobial agents include itraconazole, ketoconazole, selenium sulfide and coal tar.

a. Azole antimicrobial agents

Azole antimicrobials include imidazoles such as benzimidazole, benzothiazole, bifonazole, butoconazole nitrate, climbazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, eberconazole, econazole, elubiol, fenticonazole, fluconazole (flutimazole), isoconazole, ketoconazole, lanoconazole, metronidazole, miconazole, nyconazole, omoconazole, oxiconazole nitrate, sertaconazole, sulconazole nitrate, tioconazole, thiazoles and triazoles such as terconazole and itraconazole and combinations thereof. When present in the composition, the azole antimicrobial active is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 3%, and more preferably from about 0.3% to about 2% by weight of the composition. Especially preferred for use herein is ketoconazole.

b. Selenium sulfide

Selenium sulfide is a particulate anti-dandruff agent suitable for use in the antimicrobial compositions of the present invention at an effective concentration of from about 0.1% to about 4%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 2.5%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 1.5%, wherein the percentages are by weight of the composition 100%. Selenium sulphide is generally considered to be a compound having one mole of selenium and two moles of sulphur, although it may also be a cyclic structure according to the general formula SexSy, where x + y ═ 8. The mean particle diameter of the selenium sulphide is measured with a pre-laser light scattering device (e.g. a Malvern3600 instrument), typically below 15 μm, preferably below 10 μm. Selenium sulfide compounds are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. nos. 2,694,668, 3, 152,046, 4,089,945 and 4,885,107.

c. Sulfur

Sulfur may also be used as the antimicrobial/antidandruff agent particles of the antimicrobial composition of the present invention. An effective concentration of particulate sulfur is typically from about 1% to about 4%, preferably from about 2% to about 4%, by weight of the composition.

d. Keratolytic agent

The present invention may further comprise one or more keratolytic agents such as salicylic acid.

Additional antimicrobial actives of the present invention may include melaleuca (tea tree) extract and charcoal. The present invention may also include a combination of antimicrobial actives. The composition may include octopirox and pyrithione zinc oxide compositions, pine tar and sulfur compositions, salicylic acid and pyrithione zinc oxide compositions, octopirox and climbazole compositions, salicylic acid and octopirox compositions, and mixtures thereof.

2. Agent for preventing hair loss and hair growth

The present invention may also include substances useful as hair loss prevention and hair growth stimulants or agents. Examples of the above agents are anti-androgens such as baotide, dutasteride, RU 5884; anti-inflammatory drugs such as glucocorticoids, macrolides; antimicrobial agents, such as zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, acne treatments; immunosuppressants such as FK-506, cyclosporin; vasodilators, e.g. minoxidil,And combinations thereof.

3. Sensate

The present invention may also include topical sensates such as terpenes, vanilloids (vanilloids), alkyl amides, natural extracts, and combinations thereof. Terpenes may include menthol and derivatives such as menthyl lactate, ethyl menthane amide, and menthoxypanediol. Other terpenes may include camphor, eucalyptol, carvone, thymol, and combinations thereof. Vanillin (Vanilloids) may include capsaicin, zingerone, eugenol, and vanillyl butyl ether. Alkyl amides may include spilanthol, hydroxy alpha-sanshool (sanschool), pellitorine, and combinations thereof. The natural extract may include peppermint oil, eucalyptol, rosemary oil, ginger oil, clove oil, capsicum, wax apple (jambu) extract, cinnamon oil, agaricus extract (larcyl), and combinations thereof. Additional topical sensates may include methyl salicylate, anethole, benzocaine, lidocaine (lidocane), phenol, benzyl nicotinate, niacin, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, piperine, and combinations thereof.

4. Wetting agent

The compositions of the present invention may comprise a humectant. The wetting agent of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of polyols, water-soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof. When used in the present invention, the wetting agent is preferably used in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably about 0.5% to about 5%.

Polyols useful in the present invention include glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethoxylated glucose, 1, 2-hexanediol, hexanetriol, dipropylene glycol, erythritol, trehalose, diglycerin, xylitol, maltitol, maltose, glucose, fructose, sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, sodium adenosine phosphate, sodium lactate, pyrrolidone carbonate, glucosamine, cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof.

Water-soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers useful in the present invention include polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a molecular weight of up to about 1000, such as those having the CTFA designation PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000, and mixtures thereof.

5. Suspending agent

The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a suspending agent in a concentration effective to suspend the water-insoluble material in the dispersed form of the composition or to adjust the viscosity of the composition. The above concentration is about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably about 0.3% to about 5.0%.

Suspending agents useful in the present invention include polymeric suspending agents such as anionic polymers and nonionic polymers. Useful for the present invention are vinyl polymers such as crosslinked acrylic acid polymers having the CTFA name carbomer, cellulose derivatives and modified cellulose polymers such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, nitrocellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, xanthan gum, acacia gum, tragacanth gum, galactan, carob gum, guar gum resin, karaya gum, carrageenan, pectin, agar, quince seed (quince seed), starch (rice, corn, potato, wheat), seaweed gum (algae extract), microbial polymers such as dextran, succinoglucan, pullulan, starch-based polymers such as carboxymethyl starch, methylhydroxypropyl starch, alginic acid-based polymers such as sodium alginate, propylene glycol alginate, acrylate polymers such as sodium polyacrylate, polyethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine and inorganic water-soluble substances such as bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, laponite, hectorite and anhydrous silicic acid.

Commercially available viscosity modifiers that are very useful in the present invention include carbomers, available under the trade names Carbopol934, Carbopol 940, Carbopol 950, Carbopol 980 and Carbopol 981, all available from b.f. goodrich Company; acrylate/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, tradename ACRYSOL 22, available from Rohn and Hass; nonyloxyhydroxyethylcellulose, available under the trade name AMERCELL POLYMER HM-1500 from Amerchol; methylcellulose, under the trade name benecle; hydroxyethyl cellulose, available under the trade name NATROSOL; hydroxypropyl cellulose, trade name KLUCEL; cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, sold under the trade name POLYSURF 67, is available from Herculus; ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide based polymers, available under the tradenames CARBOWAX PEGs, POLYOX WASRs, and UCON FLUIDS, are all supplied by Amerchol.

Other optional suspending agents include crystalline suspending agents which may be classified as acyl derivatives, long chain amine oxides, and mixtures thereof. These suspending agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,855. These preferred suspending agents include ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids preferably having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. More preferred are ethylene glycol stearate, mono-and distearate, but especially distearate containing less than about 7% of mono-stearate. Other suitable suspending agents include alkanolamides of fatty acids, preferably having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 16 to 18 carbon atoms, preferred examples of which include stearic acid monoethanolamide, stearic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid monoisopropanolamide, and stearic acid monoethanolamide stearate. Other long chain acyl derivatives include long chain esters of long chain fatty acids (e.g., stearyl stearate, cetyl palmitate, etc.); long chain esters of long chain alkanolamides (e.g., stearyl diethanolamine distearate, stearyl monoethanolamine stearate); and glycerol esters (e.g., glycerol distearate, trihydroxystearin, tribeon), commercially available examples of which are Thixin R available from Rheox, inc. In addition to the preferred materials listed above, long chain acyl derivatives, long chain carboxylic acid glycol esters, long chain amine oxides and long chain carboxylic acid alkanolamides may be used as suspending agents.

Other long chain acyl derivatives suitable for use as suspending agents include N, N-dihydrocarbylaminobenzoic acid and water soluble salts thereof (e.g. Na, K), especially N, N-di (hydrogenated) c.sub.16, c.sub.18 of this class and tallow amido benzoic acids, which are commercially available from Stepan Company (Northfield, il., USA).

Examples of suitable long chain amine oxides for use as suspending agents include alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, such as stearyl dimethyl amine oxide.

Other suitable suspending agents include primary amines having a fatty alkyl moiety of at least about 16 carbon atoms, examples of which include palmitylamine or octadecylamine, and secondary amines having two fatty alkyl moieties each having at least about 12 carbon atoms, examples of which include dipalmitylamine or di (hydrogenated tallow) amine. Other suitable suspending agents also include di (hydrogenated tallow) phthalic acid amide and crosslinked maleic anhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymers.

6. Other optional Components

The compositions of the invention may also comprise vitamins and amino acids, such as: water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, panthenyl ethyl ether, panthenol, biotin, and derivatives thereof; water-soluble amino acids such as asparagine, alanine, indole, glutamic acid and salts thereof; water-insoluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and their derivatives; water insoluble amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptamine and their salts.

The compositions of the present invention may also contain pigment materials such as inorganic, nitroso, monoazo, disazo, carotenoids, triphenylmethane, triarylmethane, xanthenes, quinolines, oxazines, azines, anthraquinones, indigoids, thioninoids, dihydroxyquinoacridines, phthalocyanines, botanicals, natural pigments including: water-soluble components, such as dyes having the following c.i. names. The compositions of the present invention may also include antimicrobial agents, which are useful as cosmetic insecticides and anti-dandruff agents, including: water-soluble components such as octopirox ethanolamine; water-insoluble components such as 3, 4, 4' -trichlorocarbanilide (trichlorodiphenylurea), triclosan and zinc pyrithione.

The compositions of the present invention may also include chelating agents, such as:

H. coordination compounds having Log Zn binding constants

In one embodiment of the invention, the composition further comprises a coordination compound having a Log Zn binding constant in a range sufficient to maintain the bioavailability of zinc. Preferably, the above-described coordination compounds have a Log Zn binding constant of less than about 6, preferably less than about 5, more preferably less than about 4, and greater than about-0.5. Preferably, the above-mentioned complex compound is an organic acid, a strong mineral acid or a complex substance. Preferred examples of the above coordination compounds include the following (the corresponding Log Zn binding constants are shown in parentheses): EDTA (16.5), EDDS (13.5), EDDA (11.1), NTA (10.7), xylenol orange (10.3), cysteine (9.1), cystine (6.7), aspartic acid (aspartate) (5.9), glycine (5.0), citric acid (citrate) (4.8), glutamic acid (4.5), methionine (4.4), arginine (4.2), carbonic acid (carbonate) (3.9), ornithine (3.8), tartaric acid (tartrate) (3.2), malic acid (malate) (2.9), malonic acid (malonate) (2.9), tartaric acid (tartrate) (2.7), adipic acid (adipate) (2.6), phosphoric acid (phosphate) (2.4), phthalic acid (phthalate) (2.2), glycolic acid (glycolate) (2.0), lactic acid (lactate) (1.9), succinic acid (succinate) (1.8), acetic acid (acetate) (1.0), Sulfuric acid (sulfate) (0.9), boric acid (borate) (0.9), formic acid (formate) (0.6), chloride (-0.3).

I.pH

In one embodiment of the invention, the pH may range from about 6.5 to about 12, preferably from about 6.7 to about 9, more preferably from about 6.8 to about 8.2, even more preferably from about 7.0 to about 8.0. In preferred embodiments, the pH of the present invention may be greater than about 6.5, more preferably greater than about 6.8, and still more preferably greater than about 7.

In one embodiment of the invention, the graph of fig. 1 shows the relationship between pH and percent (%) dissolved zinc. The acidity study is shown in the measured solubility and pH values in the composition. When the pH drops below 7.5, the measured percentage of dissolved zinc in the composition begins to rise. In the data below, citric acid, when compared to hydrochloric acid (HCl), shows that more zinc (by weight) is dissolved in the composition.

J. Classifying zinc-containing materials according to their zinc availability

Zinc-containing materials (ZCM) with zinc ions (Zn)²⁺) The strength controlled by the counter-ions in the lattice is different. The beneficial effects discussed in the present invention depend on having an effective Zn²⁺. To determine which ZCMs can provide sufficient unstable Zn²⁺And those that could not be provided, a test method was developed using a probe in combination with Zn²⁺A metalochromic dye which changes color when coordinated. The response is a dual eye determination of whether the color has changed indicating whether the zinc is bound. If the color changes, the ZCM is classified as having a significant Zn²⁺Whereas if the color is not changed, the ZCM is not usable in the present invention.

The method is based on a commercial zinc reagent of a metalochromic dye. When combined with zinc, the zinc reagent changes from orange to blue and provides effective Zn detection²⁺The basis of (1):

Na-Zn reagent + Zn²⁺→ Zn-Zinc reagent

Orange-colored blue (λ)_{Amplification of}620)

This particular procedure involved preparing a stock solution of zinc reagent in ethanol (-50 mg/10ml ethanol). ZCM was then added to water (. about.30 mg/10ml water) and stirred (pH should be in the range of 7 to 11). Three or four drops of zinc reagent solution were then added to the aqueous solution of ZCM, stirred and the resulting colour change visually observed.

Using this approach, the following ZCMs are those examples with potent zinc: zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc citrate, zinc oxide, zinc acetate, zinc stearate, zinc lactate, zinc salicylate, zinc arginate, zinc histidine, zinc hexaborate, zinc hydroxide, zinc oxalate, zinc monoglycerol, and the like. Without available Zn²⁺Examples of ZCMs of (a) are zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate, zinc sulfide, zinc phytate and other substances that bind very tightly to zinc.

In one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises from 5% to 50% of a surfactant; a zinc-containing material, wherein the effectiveness of zinc can be determined by reacting zinc ions with a zinc reagent which is a metallochromic dye to change the color of the dye from orange to blue. In another embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises from 5% to 50% of a surfactant, a zinc-containing material (wherein zinc effectiveness can be determined by reacting zinc ions with a metallochromic dye zinc reagent to change the color of the dye from orange to blue), and a zinc ionophore.

K. Method for assessing zinc instability in zinc-containing products

Zinc instability is a measure of the chemical effectiveness of zinc ions. Soluble zinc salts that do not complex with other materials in solution, by definition, have a relative zinc lability of 100%. The use of partially soluble forms of zinc salts and/or incorporation into the matrix with possible complexing agents generally reduces zinc lability, substantially below the defined 100% maximum.

Zinc instability was assessed by mixing the diluted zinc-containing solution or dispersion with the metal developing dye Xylenol Orange (XO) and measuring the extent of the color change under specified conditions. The grade of color formation is proportional to the amount of labile zinc. The improved process has been optimized for aqueous surfactant formulations, but other physical product forms may be employed.

At 572nm, a spectrophotometer was used to quantify the change in color, which was the wavelength at which the XO had the best color change. The absorbance at 572nm of the spectrophotometer was set to zero using a product control that was similar in composition to the test product except that it did not include a possible unstable form of zinc. Then, the control and the test product were subjected to the same treatment as follows. A50. mu.l sample of the product was removed into a jar and 95ml of distilled water with air removed was added and stirred. 5mL of 23mg/mL xylenol orange stock solution at pH 5.0 was pipetted into a sample jar; this is considered as time zero. The pH is then adjusted to 5.50. + -. 0.01 with dilute HCl or NaOH. After 10.0 minutes, a portion of the sample was filtered (0.45 μ) and the absorbance measured at 572 nm. The measured absorbance was then compared to a separately measured control to determine the relative zinc instability (zero to 100%). A 100% unstable control was prepared in a matrix similar to the test product except that a soluble zinc species (e.g., zinc sulfate) was used, which was incorporated at equal levels on the zinc matrix. The absorbance of the 100% unstable control was measured as was the test substance measured above. The relative zinc lability is preferably greater than about 15%, more preferably greater than about 20%, and even more preferably greater than about 25%.

Using this approach, the following example shows a material with an intrinsic high lability (hydrozincite) compared to a material with a low intrinsic lability (ZznO) in an anionic surfactant system. This example also shows that by incorporating a protective substance (such as sodium bicarbonate, a source of carbonate anions and mixtures thereof), the low instability of ZnO can be substantially improved:

¹single surfactant system: 6% sodium lauryl sulfate

²Adding sodium bicarbonate: 0.2% content

Method for preparing shampoo compositions

The compositions of the present invention can be prepared by any known or otherwise effective method suitable for providing antimicrobial compositions, provided that the resulting compositions provide the excellent antimicrobial benefits described herein. Methods of making embodiments of the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos of the present invention include conventional formulation and mixing techniques. The method described in, for example, U.S. patent 5,837,661 can be used, wherein the antimicrobial agent of the present invention is typically added in the same step as the silicone premix is added in the U.S. patent 5,837,661 specification.

Method of use

The compositions of the present invention may be used for direct application to the skin or for cleansing the skin and hair in a conventional manner and controlling microbial infections (including fungal, viral or bacterial infections) on the skin or scalp. The compositions of the present invention are useful for cleansing the hair and scalp, and other areas of the body such as the underarm, feet and groin areas, and any other area of the skin that requires treatment. The present invention may also be used to treat or cleanse the skin or hair of an animal. An effective amount of the composition for cleansing hair, skin or other parts of the body is typically from about 1g to about 50g, preferably from about 1g to about 20g, and the composition is topically applied to the hair, skin or other parts, preferably those that are normally wetted with water, and then rinsed. Application to hair typically involves applying the shampoo composition to the hair entirely.

A preferred method of providing a shampoo embodiment for antimicrobial (especially anti-dandruff) efficacy comprises the steps of: (a) wetting the hair with water, (b) applying an effective amount of the antimicrobial shampoo composition to the hair, and (c) rinsing the antimicrobial shampoo composition from the hair with water. These steps may be repeated as many times as necessary to achieve the desired cleansing, conditioning and antimicrobial/anti-dandruff benefits.

It is also envisaged that the antimicrobial composition of the present invention may provide a function of regulating the growth of hair when the antimicrobial active used is zinc pyrithione, and/or if other optional hair growth regulators are used. The method of regular use of the shampoo composition described above comprises repeating steps a, b and c (see above).

A further embodiment of the present invention comprises a method comprising the steps of (a) wetting the hair with water, (b) applying an effective amount of a shampoo composition comprising a zinc ionophore, (c) rinsing the shampoo composition from the hair with water, (d) applying an effective amount of a conditioner composition comprising a zinc containing material according to the present invention, (e) rinsing the conditioner composition from the hair with water. In a further embodiment, the method may be practiced wherein steps d and b are reversed. In a further embodiment, steps b and d may vary and may be shampoos, hair sprays, hair tonics, conditioners, gels, mousses and dressings, and the like. A preferred embodiment of the above method comprises a shampoo composition comprising zinc pyrithione and a conditioner composition comprising zinc oxide.

A further embodiment of the invention comprises: a method of treating athlete's foot comprising the use of a composition according to the invention; a method of treating a microbial infection, the method comprising the use of a composition as described herein; a method of improving the appearance of the scalp comprising the use of a composition according to the invention; a method of treating a fungal infection, the method comprising the use of a composition according to the invention; a method of treating dandruff comprising the use of a composition of the invention; a method of treating diaper dermatitis and candidiasis comprising using a composition of the invention as described herein; a method of treating tinea capitis comprising using a composition according to the present invention; a method of treating yeast infections comprising the use of a composition according to the invention; a method of treating onychomycosis comprising the use of a composition according to the invention.

Example N

The following examples further describe and demonstrate preferred embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the scope thereof.

The compositions of the present invention may be prepared by mixing one or more selected sources of metal ions with one or more metal salts of pyrithione in a suitable medium or carrier, or by separately adding the individual components to a skin or hair cleansing composition. Useful vectors have been discussed more fully above.

1. Topical compositions

All exemplified compositions can be prepared by conventional formulation and mixing techniques. The listed component amounts are weight percentages and exclude minor components such as diluents, fillers, and the like. Thus, the listed formulations include the listed components and any minor components associated with the components. As used herein, "minor ingredients" refers to those optional ingredients such as preservatives, viscosity modifiers, pH modifiers, fragrances, foam boosters, and the like. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the selection of these minor components will vary depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the particular ingredients selected to make the invention described herein. Other variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. These illustrated embodiments of the antimicrobial shampoos, antimicrobial cleansing compositions, antimicrobial cleansing/facial compositions of the present invention provide excellent antimicrobial efficacy.

Antimicrobial shampoos-examples 1-54

Suitable methods for preparing antimicrobial shampoo compositions are described in examples 1-54 (see below), as follows:

about one-third to all of the sodium laureth sulfate (added as a 25% by weight solution) and acid are added to a jacketed mixing tank and heated to about 60 ℃ to about 80 ℃ while slowly stirring to form the surfactant solution. The pH of the solution was about 7.5. Sodium benzoate, cocamide MEA and fatty alcohol, (where applicable), were added to the tank and allowed to disperse. Ethylene glycol distearate ("EGDS") was added to the mixing vessel and melted where applicable. After melting and dispersing EGDS, Kathon CG was added to the surfactant solution. The resulting mixture was cooled to about 25 ℃ to about 40 ℃ and collected in a finished tank. The cooling step causes the EGDS to crystallize, forming a crystal network structure (where applicable) in the product. While stirring, the remaining sodium laureth sulfate and other components including silicone and antimicrobial agents were added to the finished tank to ensure a homogeneous mixture was formed. The polymer (cationic or nonionic) is dispersed in water or oil as a dispersion and/or solution of about 0.1% to about 10% and then added to the final mixture. The ZznO or basic zinc carbonate ("ZzHC") is added to the premix of surfactant or water, with or without the aid of a dispersant, to the final mixture by conventional powder incorporation and mixing techniques. The adjustment of the particle size of the ZznO can be effected by various conventional mixing techniques that will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Additional viscosity modifiers may be added to the mixture as needed to adjust the viscosity of the product to the desired level, as long as all of the components have been added.

Shampoo compositions-examples 1-10

Components	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Example 5	Example 6	Example 7	Example 8	Example 9	Example 10
Components	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Example 5	Example 6	Example 7	Example 8	Example 9	Example 10	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Cocoamidopropyl betaine
Coconut oil sodium isethionate											Cocoamidopropyl betaine
Coconut oil sodium isethionate											EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	1.600	EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	1.600	Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)											Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)											Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)											Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)											PEG-7M(6)
PEG-14M(7)											PEG-7M(6)
PEG-14M(7)											PEG-45M(8)
Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	PEG-45M(8)
Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	Polydimethylsiloxane (10)
ZPT(11)	1.00	2.00	2.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	Polydimethylsiloxane (10)
ZPT(11)	1.00	2.00	2.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	Zinc oxide	1.20	1.20	0.60	0.60	0.30	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20
Basic zinc carbonate											Zinc oxide	1.20	1.20	0.60	0.60	0.30	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20
Basic zinc carbonate											Sodium bicarbonate	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.10	0.05	0.25		0.20
Hydrochloric acid	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.53	0.40	0.91	0.28	0.78	Sodium bicarbonate	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.10	0.05	0.25		0.20
Hydrochloric acid	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.53	0.40	0.91	0.28	0.78	Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28
Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28
Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Sodium xylene sulfonate
Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	Sodium xylene sulfonate
Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250
Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250
Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Percent maximum XO instability	63.2％					38.9％	38.5％	63.9％	23.5％	88.8％
Percentage of soluble zinc	0.024					0.017		2.55 x 10	5.01×10	0.011	Percent maximum XO instability	63.2％					38.9％	38.5％	63.9％	23.5％	88.8％

(1) Guar gum, having a molecular weight of about 400,000 and a charge density of about 0.84meq/g, is available from Aqualon.

(2) Guar gum, having a molecular weight of about 400,000 and a charge density of about 2.0meq/g, is available from Aqualon.

(3) Cationic guar gum Jaguar C17 available from Rhodia

(4) Polymer JR30M from Amerchol

(5) Polymer LR400 from Amerchol

(6) Polyox WSR N-750 available from Amerchol

(7) Polyox WSR N-3000 available from Amerchol

(8) Polyox WSR N-60K available from Amerchol

(9) Viscasil330M from General Electric Silicones

(10) DC1664 available from Dow Coming Silicones

(11) ZPT, having an average particle size of about 2.5m, was purchased from Arch/Olin.

Shampoo compositions-examples 11-20

Components	Example 11	Example 12	Example 13	Example 14	Example 15	Example 16	Example 17	Example 18	Example 19	Example 20
Components	Example 11	Example 12	Example 13	Example 14	Example 15	Example 16	Example 17	Example 18	Example 19	Example 20	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	12.50	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	1.50	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	12.50	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	1.50	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Cocoamidopropyl betaine					2.00	2.70
Sodium coconut oil isethionate											Cocoamidopropyl betaine					2.00	2.70
Sodium coconut oil isethionate											EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	1.600	0.800	0.800	1.600	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	1.600	0.800	0.800	1.600	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)		0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500		0.500	0.500	0.500	Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)		0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500		0.500	0.500	0.500	Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)							0.500
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)	0.500										Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)							0.500
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)	0.500										Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)											Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)											PEG-7M(6)		0.200		0.200
PEG-14M(7)											PEG-7M(6)		0.200		0.200
PEG-14M(7)											PEG-45M(8)			0.200
Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	PEG-45M(8)			0.200
Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	Polydimethylsiloxane (10)
ZPT(11)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00				Polydimethylsiloxane (10)
ZPT(11)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00				Zinc oxide	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	0.60	0.30
Basic zinc carbonate											Zinc oxide	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	0.60	0.30
Basic zinc carbonate											Sodium bicarbonate	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Hydrochloric acid	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.28	0.28	0.28	Sodium bicarbonate	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Hydrochloric acid	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.28	0.28	0.28	Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28
Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28
Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Sodium xylene sulfonate
Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	Sodium xylene sulfonate
Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250
Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250
Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Percent maximum XO instability		59.8％	58.2％	72.9％	71.7％		67.2％
Percentage of soluble zinc											Percent maximum XO instability		59.8％	58.2％	72.9％	71.7％		67.2％

(2) Guar gum, having a molecular weight of about 400,000 and a charge density of about 20meq/g, is available from Aqualon.

(3) Cationic guar gum Jaguar C17 available from Rhodia

(4) Polymer JR30M from Amerchol

(5) Polymer LR400 from Amerchol

(6) Polyox WSR N-750 available from Amerchol

(7) Polyox WSR N-3000 available from Amerchol

(8) Polyox WSR N-60K available from Amerchol

(9) Viscasil330M from General Electric Silicones

(10) DC1664 available from Dow Corning Silicones

Shampoo compositions-examples 21-30

Components	Example 21	Example 22	Example 23	Example 24	Example 25	Example 26	Example 27	Example 28	Example 29	Example 30
Components	Example 21	Example 22	Example 23	Example 24	Example 25	Example 26	Example 27	Example 28	Example 29	Example 30	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Cocoamidopropyl betaine
Sodium coconut oil isethionate											Cocoamidopropyl betaine
Sodium coconut oil isethionate											EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.500		0.400	0.250	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.500		0.400	0.250	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)											Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)											Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)	0.500	0.500	0.100								Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)	0.500	0.500	0.100								PEG-7M(6)	0.100		0.100
PEG-14M(7)											PEG-7M(6)	0.100		0.100
PEG-14M(7)											PEG-45M(8)
Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	1.40	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	1.35	1.00	0.85	0.85	PEG-45M(8)
Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	1.40	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	1.35	1.00	0.85	0.85	Polydimethylsiloxane (10)
ZPT(11)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.50	1.00	1.00	2.00	2.00	Polydimethylsiloxane (10)
ZPT(11)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.50	1.00	1.00	2.00	2.00	Zinc oxide	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20
Basic zinc carbonate					1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	0.80	Zinc oxide	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20
Basic zinc carbonate					1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	0.80	Sodium bicarbonate	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Hydrochloric acid	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	Sodium bicarbonate	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Hydrochloric acid	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28
Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28
Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Sodium xylene sulfonate
Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	Sodium xylene sulfonate
Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250
Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250
Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Percent maximum XO instability					74.0％
Percentage of soluble zinc					0.022						Percent maximum XO instability					74.0％

(3) Cationic guar gum Jaguar C17 available from Rhodia

(4) Polymer JR30M from Amerchol

(5) Polymer LR400 from Amerchol

(6) Polyox WSR N-750 available from Amerchol

(7) Polyox WSR N-3000 available from Amerchol

(8) Polyox WSR N-60K available from Amerchol

(9) Viscasil330M available from General Electric Silicones

(10) DC1664 available from Dow Corning Silicones

Shampoo compositions-examples 31-40

Components	Example 31	Example 32	Example 33	Example 34	Example 35	Example 36	Example 37	Example 38	Example 39	Example 40
Components	Example 31	Example 32	Example 33	Example 34	Example 35	Example 36	Example 37	Example 38	Example 39	Example 40	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Cocoamidopropyl betaine
Sodium coconut oil isethionate											Cocoamidopropyl betaine
Sodium coconut oil isethionate											EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	0.800	0.800	1.600	0.800	0.800	1.600	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50

Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.500	0.500	0.500				0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)					0.500						Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.500	0.500	0.500				0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)					0.500						Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)				0.500		0.500
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)											Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)				0.500		0.500
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)											Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)
PEG-7M(6)							0.200			0.100	Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)
PEG-7M(6)							0.200			0.100	PEG-14M(7)								0.200
PEG-45M(8)									0.200		PEG-14M(7)								0.200
PEG-45M(8)									0.200		Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85		0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85
Polydimethylsiloxane (10)		1.00									Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85		0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85
Polydimethylsiloxane (10)		1.00									ZPT(11)	2.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Zinc oxide											ZPT(11)	2.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Zinc oxide											Basic zinc carbonate	0.40	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61
Sodium bicarbonate											Basic zinc carbonate	0.40	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61
Sodium bicarbonate											Hydrochloric acid	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
Magnesium sulfate	0.28	028	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	Hydrochloric acid	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
Magnesium sulfate	0.28	028	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800
Sodium xylene sulfonate											Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800
Sodium xylene sulfonate											Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750
Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750
Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008
Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008
Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of
Percent maximum XO instability			65.6％				76.2％				Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of
Percent maximum XO instability			65.6％				76.2％				Percentage of soluble zinc

(3) Cationic guar gum Jaguar C17 available from Rhodia

(4) Polymer JR30M from Amerchol

(5) Polymer LR400 from Amerchol

(6) Polyox WSR N-750 available from Amerchol

(7) Polyox WSR N-3000 available from Amerchol

(8) Polyox WSR N-60K available from Amerchol

(9) Viscasil330M available from General Electric Silicones

(10) DC1664 available from Dow Corning Silicones

Shampoo compositions-examples 41-50

Components	EXAMPLE 41	Example 42	Example 43	Example 44	Example 45	Example 46	Example 47	Example 48	Example 49	Example 50
Components	EXAMPLE 41	Example 42	Example 43	Example 44	Example 45	Example 46	Example 47	Example 48	Example 49	Example 50	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	12.50	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	1.50	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	12.50	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	1.50	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Cocoamidopropyl betaine	2.00	2.70
Sodium coconut oil isethionate			2.00								Cocoamidopropyl betaine	2.00	2.70
Sodium coconut oil isethionate			2.00								EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	0.800	0.800	0.800	1.600	1.600	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	0.800	0.800	0.800	1.600	1.600	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500							Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500							Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)											Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)											Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)						0.500	0500
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)					0.500			0.500	0.500	0.250	Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)						0.500	0500
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)					0.500			0.500	0.500	0.250	PEG-7M(6)				0.200			0.100		0.100
PEG-14M(7)											PEG-7M(6)				0.200			0.100		0.100

PEG-45M(8)
PEG-45M(8)											Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	0.85	0,85	0.85	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.40	0.85	0.85
Polydimethylsiloxane (10)											Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	0.85	0,85	0.85	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.40	0.85	0.85
Polydimethylsiloxane (10)											ZPT(11)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Zinc oxide											ZPT(11)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Zinc oxide											Basic zinc carbonate	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61
Sodium bicarbonate											Basic zinc carbonate	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61
Sodium bicarbonate											Hydrochloric acid	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	Hydrochloric acid	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800
Sodium xylene sulfonate											Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800
Sodium xylene sulfonate											Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750
Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750
Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008
Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008
Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of
Percent maximum XO instability	66.7％			66.9％							Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of
Percent maximum XO instability	66.7％			66.9％							Percentage of soluble zinc

(1) Guar gum, having a molecular weight of about 400,000 and a charge density of about 084meq/g, is available from Aqualon.

(3) Cationic guar gum Jaguar C17 available from Rhodia

(4) Polymer JR30M from Amerchol

(5) Polymer LR400 from Amerchol

(6) Polyox WSR N-750 available from Amerchol

(7) Polyox WSR N-3000 available from Amerchol

(8) Polyox WSR N-60K available from Amerchol

(9) Viscasil330M available from General Electric Silicones

(10) DC1664 available from Dow Coming Silicones

Shampoo compositions-examples 51-54

Components	Example 51	Example 52	Example 53	Example 54A	Example 54B
Components	Example 51	Example 52	Example 53	Example 54A	Example 54B	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	Cocoamidopropyl betaine
Coconut oil hydroxyethyl esterSodium sulfonate						Cocoamidopropyl betaine
Coconut oil hydroxyethyl esterSodium sulfonate						EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	EGDS	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
CMEA	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.400				0.500	Cetyl alcohol	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600	0.600
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (1)	0.400				0.500	Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)		0.500	0.500	0.500
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)						Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (2)		0.500	0.500	0.500
Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (3)						Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)	0.100					Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (4)
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (5)	0.100					PEG-7M(6)	0.100
PEG-14M(7)						PEG-7M(6)	0.100
PEG-14M(7)						PEG-45M(8)
Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	PEG-45M(8)
Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	Polydimethylsiloxane (10)
ZPT(11)	1.00					Polydimethylsiloxane (10)
ZPT(11)	1.00					Zinc oxide
Basic zinc carbonate	1.61	1.61	0.80	0.40	1.61	Zinc oxide
Basic zinc carbonate	1.61	1.61	0.80	0.40	1.61	Sodium bicarbonate
Fumaric acid					0.53	Sodium bicarbonate
Fumaric acid					0.53	Hydrochloric acid	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	Hydrochloric acid	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
Magnesium sulfate	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	Sodium chloride	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800

Sodium xylene sulfonate
Sodium xylene sulfonate						Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750
Sodium benzoate	0.250	0250	0.250	0.250	0.250	Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750
Sodium benzoate	0.250	0250	0.250	0.250	0.250	Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008
Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	Kathon	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008	0.0008
Benzyl alcohol	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	0.0225	Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of
Percent maximum XO instability						Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of
Percent maximum XO instability						Percentage of soluble zinc

(3) Cationic guar gum Jaguar C17 available from Rhodia

(4) Polymer IR 30M from Amerchol

(5) Polymer LR400 from Amerchol

(6) Polyox WSR N-750 available from Amerchol

(7) Polyox WSR N-3000 available from Amerchol

(8) Polyox WSR N-60K available from Amerchol

(9) Viscasil330M available from general electric Silicones

(10) DC1664 available from Dow Corning Silicones

Cleaning composition-examples 55 to 61

Suitable methods for preparing antimicrobial cleansing compositions are described in examples 55-61 (see below), as follows:

components 1 through 3,9 and 10 were mixed and heated to 190F. Components 4, 12, 15 and 17 were mixed in a separate crucible at room temperature. After the first mixture had reached 190F, the second mixture was added. After this mixture had cooled to below 140F, component 13(&5) was added. Vaseline and ZnO or ZHC were mixed in a separate container at 160F. When the aqueous phase has cooled to below 110F, the petrolatum/ZnO or ZHC mixture is added and stirred until homogeneous. ZnO or ZHC was also added to the premix of surfactant or water, with or without the aid of a dispersant, to the cooled mixture by conventional powder incorporation and mixing techniques. The adjustment of the particle size of the ZnO may be effected by various conventional mixing techniques, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Finally adding the spice.

	Components	Example 55	Example 56	Example 57	Example 58	Example 59	Example 60	Example 61
	Components	Example 55	Example 56	Example 57	Example 58	Example 59	Example 60	Example 61	1	Sodium lauryl sulfate	4.000	4000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000
2	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	3.000	3.000	3000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	1	Sodium lauryl sulfate	4.000	4000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000
2	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	3.000	3.000	3000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3	N-lauroylaminoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl sodium acetate	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000
4	Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	3	N-lauroylaminoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl sodium acetate	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000
4	Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	5	Mercaptopyridine zinc oxide (1)							1.000
6	Zinc oxide treated with Silicone (2)	2.000					6.000	6.000	5	Mercaptopyridine zinc oxide (1)							1.000
6	Zinc oxide treated with Silicone (2)	2.000					6.000	6.000	7	Zinc oxide		2.000			5.000
8	Basic zinc carbonate			2.000	4.000				7	Zinc oxide		2.000			5.000
8	Basic zinc carbonate			2.000	4.000				9	Lauric acid	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
10	Trihydroxy stearin	0.650	0.650	0.650	0.650	0.650	0.650	0.650	9	Lauric acid	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
10	Trihydroxy stearin	0.650	0.650	0.650	0.650	0.650	0.650	0.650	11	Citric acid	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements
12	Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	11	Citric acid	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements
12	Sodium benzoate	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	13	3-dihydroxymethyl-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120
14	Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	13	3-dihydroxymethyl-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120
14	Perfume	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	15	Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (3)	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750	0.750

16	Vaseline	15.000	15.000	15.000	15.000	15.000	15.000	15.000
16	Vaseline	15.000	15.000	15.000	15.000	15.000	15.000	15.000	17	Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of

(1) ZPT, having an average particle size of about 2.5m, was purchased from Arch/Olin.

(2) Z-CoteHP-1 from BASF

(3) Polymer JR30M from Amerchol

Cleansing/facial compositions-examples 62-75

Suitable methods of preparing the antimicrobial cleansing/facial compositions described in examples 62-75 are known to those skilled in the art and can be prepared by any known or otherwise effective method suitable for providing antimicrobial cleansing/facial compositions, provided that the resulting compositions provide the excellent antimicrobial benefits described herein. Methods of making embodiments of the antimicrobial cleansing/facial compositions of the present invention include conventional formulation and mixing techniques. The method described in, for example, us patent 5,665,364 may be used.

Components	Example 62	Example 63	Example 64	Example 65	Example 66	Example 67	Example 68
Components	Example 62	Example 63	Example 64	Example 65	Example 66	Example 67	Example 68	Cetyl betaine	6.667	6.667	6.667	6.667	6.667	6.667	6.667
PPG-15 stearyl ether	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	Cetyl betaine	6.667	6.667	6.667	6.667	6.667	6.667	6.667
PPG-15 stearyl ether	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	Sodium lauryl sulfate	3.571	3.571	3.571	3571	3.571	3.571	3571
Distearoyl dimethyl ammonium chloride								Sodium lauryl sulfate	3.571	3.571	3.571	3571	3.571	3.571	3571
Distearoyl dimethyl ammonium chloride								Glycerol	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000
Stearyl alcohol	2.880	2.880	2.880	2.880	2.880	2.880	2.880	Glycerol	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000
Stearyl alcohol	2.880	2.880	2.880	2.880	2.880	2.880	2.880	Distearoyl dimethyl ammonium chloride	1.500	1.500	1.500	1.500	1.500	1.500	1.500
Oxidized polyethylene	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	Distearoyl dimethyl ammonium chloride	1.500	1.500	1.500	1.500	1.500	1.500	1.500
Oxidized polyethylene	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	Mercaptopyridine zinc oxide (1)							1.000
Zinc oxide	1.200		0.600		0.300		1.200	Mercaptopyridine zinc oxide (1)							1.000
Zinc oxide	1.200		0.600		0.300		1.200	Basic zinc carbonate		1.610		0.800		0.400
Cetyl alcohol	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Basic zinc carbonate		1.610		0.800		0.400
Cetyl alcohol	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	Stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-21	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500
Behenyl alcohol	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	Stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-21	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500
Behenyl alcohol	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	PPG-30	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250
Stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-2	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	PPG-30	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250
Stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-2	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.250	Perfume	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200
Citric acid	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	Perfume	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200
Citric acid	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	Citric acid sodium salt	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Citric acid sodium salt	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of
Components	Example 69	Example 70	Example 71	Example 72	Example 73	Example 74	Example 75
Components	Example 69	Example 70	Example 71	Example 72	Example 73	Example 74	Example 75	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	8.000	8.000	8.000	8.000	8.000	8.000	8.000
Disodium N-cocamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl diacetate	7.000	7.000	7.000	7.000	7.000	7.000	7.000	Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	8.000	8.000	8.000	8.000	8.000	8.000	8.000
Disodium N-cocamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl diacetate	7.000	7.000	7.000	7.000	7.000	7.000	7.000	PEG-80 glyceryl cocoate	3.500	3.500	3.500	3.500	3.500	3.500	3.500
Sodium chloride	2.170	2.170	2.170	2.170	2.170	2.170	2.170	PEG-80 glyceryl cocoate	3.500	3.500	3.500	3.500	3.500	3.500	3.500
Sodium chloride	2.170	2.170	2.170	2.170	2.170	2.170	2.170	Ethylene glycol distearate	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000
Mercaptopyridine zinc oxide (1)							1.000	Ethylene glycol distearate	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000
Mercaptopyridine zinc oxide (1)							1.000	Zinc oxide	1.200		0.600		0.300		1.200
Basic zinc carbonate		1.610		0.800		0.400		Zinc oxide	1.200		0.600		0.300		1.200
Basic zinc carbonate		1.610		0.800		0.400		Polydimethylsiloxane	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900
Trideceth-7 carboxylic acid sodium salt	0.502	0.502	0.502	0.502	0.502	0.502	0.502	Polydimethylsiloxane	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900
Trideceth-7 carboxylic acid sodium salt	0.502	0.502	0.502	0.502	0.502	0.502	0.502	Perfume	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320
Citric acid	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	Perfume	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320
Citric acid	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	Quaternary ammonium-15	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150

Polyquaternium-10	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150
Polyquaternium-10	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	PEG-30 glyceryl cocoate	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	PEG-30 glyceryl cocoate	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements	According to the requirements

(1) ZPT, having an average particle size of about 2.5m, was purchased from Arch/in.

10. Other ingredients

In some embodiments, the present invention may also include additional known or otherwise effective optional components for hair care or personal care products. The concentration of such optional ingredients is generally from 0 to about 25%, more typically from about 0.05% to about 20%, even more typically from about 0.1% to about 15%, by weight of the composition. The aforementioned optional components should also be physically and chemically compatible with the essential components described herein, and should not unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.

Non-limiting examples of optional components for use in the present invention include antistatic agents, foam boosters, antidandruff agents other than those described above, viscosity modifiers and boosters, suspension materials (e.g., ethylene glycol distearate, thixins), pH modifiers (e.g., sodium citrate, citric acid, succinic acid, sodium succinate, sodium maleate, sodium glycolate, malic acid, glycolic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate), preservatives (e.g., dimethyloldimethylhydantoin), antimicrobials (e.g., triclosan or trichlorocarbanilide), dyes, organic solvents or diluents, pearlescent aids, fragrances, fatty alcohols, proteins, skin active agents, sunscreens, vitamins (e.g., retinoids including retinyl propionate; vitamin E, e.g., tocopherol acetate, panthenol; and vitamin B3 compounds, including niacinamide), emulsifiers, volatile carriers, selective stability actives, styling polymers, organic styling polymers, grafted silicone styling polymers, cationic spreading agents, pediculicides, foam boosters, viscosity modifiers and thickeners, polyalkylene glycols, and mixtures thereof.

Optional antistatic agents, such as water insoluble cationic surfactants, can be used, typically at concentrations of from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the composition. The antistatic agents should not unduly interfere with the application properties and the ultimate benefits of the antimicrobial composition; in particular, the antistatic agent should not interfere with the anionic surfactant. A specific non-limiting example of a suitable antistatic agent is tricetylmethylammonium chloride.

Optional foam boosters described herein for use in the present invention include fatty esters (e.g., C)₈-C₂₂) And two (C)₁-C₅In particular C₁-C₃) An alkanolamide. Specific non-limiting examples of the above foam boosters include cocoethanolamide, cocodiethanolamide, and mixtures thereof.

The optional viscosity modifiers and thickeners are typically used in amounts effective for the antimicrobial compositions of the present invention, generally having a total viscosity of from about 1,000csk to about 20,000csk, preferably from about 3,000csk to about 10,000 csk. Specific non-limiting examples of the above viscosity modifiers and thickeners include: sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and mixtures thereof.

Other preferred embodiments

Other preferred embodiments of the present invention include the following:

one embodiment of the present invention relates to a composition comprising from 5% to 50% of a surfactant, an effective amount of a zinc-containing material, and from 40% to 95% water. Preferably, the zinc-containing material has a water solubility of less than about 25% by weight in the composition at 25 ℃. Preferably, the zinc-containing material of the above composition is an inorganic material, a natural zinc-containing material, an ore, a mineral, an organic salt, a polymeric salt, a physisorption type material, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the inorganic material in the above composition is zinc aluminate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, calamine, zinc phosphate, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, zinc silicate, zinc fluorosilicate, zinc borate, zinc hydroxide, zinc hydroxy sulfate, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the surfactant in the above composition is an anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant, or a mixture thereof; more preferably a mixture of anionic and zwitterionic surfactants or a mixture of anionic and amphoteric surfactants.

Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition comprising from about 5% to about 50% of a surfactant, from about 0.001% to about 10% of zinc oxide, and a ZIM; wherein the composition has a pH of greater than about 7; and wherein the ZIM is a zinc ionophore, a hydrophobic zinc species, or a mixture thereof. Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition comprising from about 5% to about 50% of a surfactant, from about 0.001% to about 10% of basic zinc carbonate, and a ZIM; wherein the composition has a pH of greater than about 7; and wherein the ZIM is a zinc ionophore, a hydrophobic zinc species, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the ZIM in the above composition is a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione, a dithiocarbamate, a heterocyclic amine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound, a naturally occurring substance having zinc ion carrier properties, a derivative of a naturally occurring substance having zinc ion carrier properties, a biomolecule, a peptide, a sulfur-based compound, a delivery enhancer, or a mixture thereof; more preferably pyrithione or a zinc salt of pyrithione; still more preferred is zinc pyrithione. The preferred pH of the above composition is about 7.0 to 9. Preferably, the above compositions comprise a compound having a Log zinc binding constant of less than about 6; preferably, the composition is an organic acid, a strong mineral acid, a zinc complex, or mixtures thereof; more preferably, the compound is sodium bicarbonate. Preferably, the surfactant in the above composition is anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the zinc-containing material is present in the above composition in an amount of from 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition further comprises a conditioning agent. Preferably, the composition further comprises a cationic deposition polymer.

In a preferred embodiment, the zinc-containing material has a water solubility in the composition of less than about 25% by weight at 25 ℃.

In another embodiment of the present invention, embodiments of the composition may be used to treat a variety of conditions, including: tinea pedis, microbial infection, improving scalp appearance, treating fungal infection, treating dandruff, treating diaper erythema and candidiasis, treating tinea capitis, treating yeast infection, treating onychomycosis. Preferably, the above conditions can be treated by applying the composition of the present invention to the site of infection.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A composition comprising, by weight:

0.01% -5% of a zinc-containing material having a water solubility of less than about 25% by weight in the composition at 25 ℃;

from 5% to 50% of a detersive surfactant selected from anionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof; and

c.40% to 95% water;

wherein the composition has a pH of greater than 7;

wherein the zinc-containing material is selected from:

(i) hydrozincite;

(ii) basic zinc carbonate;

(iii) a combination of zinc oxide and a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, a source of carbonate anions, and mixtures thereof;

(iv) mixtures thereof.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.

3. The composition of claim 1, further comprising from 0.1% to 5% of a zinc ionophore material selected from polyvalent metal salts of pyrithione, dithiocarbamates, heterocyclic amines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds, naturally occurring materials having zinc ionophore properties, and derivatives thereof, biomolecules and peptides, sulfur-based compounds, transport enhancers, and mixtures thereof.

4. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the zinc ionophoric material is pyrithione or a zinc salt of pyrithione.

5. The composition of claim 4 wherein said zinc ionophoric material is zinc pyrithione.