HK1077664A - Advertising compliance monitoring system - Google Patents

Description

Advertisement execution monitoring system

Cross Reference to Related Applications

This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application serial No. 60/332,149, filed on 21/11/2001, assigned to the assignee of the present application. The applicant claims priority to this provisional application such that the actual date of application of this application is 11/21/2001.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a system and method for monitoring fulfillment of a point of purchase and sale (POP) advertising plan displaying one or more advertising signs or marketing materials, and more particularly, to a system and method for monitoring and exposing advertising signs or marketing materials displayed at gas stations, convenience stores, groceries, mass trading stores, pharmacies, specific retail stores (e.g., pet stores, record stores, book stores), consumer electronics stores, and the like.

Background

Monitoring the performance of an advertising program by a retailer is highly desirable. The advertisement that is not displayed is of no value to the company. However, it is difficult to detect in a timely manner that the advertising program has not been fulfilled.

In the past, the primary way to gather information about whether a retail store is fulfilling an advertising program has relied on-site surveys. Such surveys are typically performed by vendor sales representatives, store delivery personnel, or independent survey companies. However, field surveys are often expensive, incomplete, and untimely.

The direct costs associated with field surveys are considerable. The independent research companies are very high priced for travel time and for expenses in data collection/tabulation. Thus, information is generally only available for a sample or subset of thousands of stores targeted for a particular advertising plan.

In order to save money, some companies require that delivery personnel and/or sales representatives aggregate fulfillment information when they are located at retail stores for other reasons. The cost of separating these personnel from performing their daily tasks, such as replenishing inventory or selling, is significant. In addition, these personnel have little training or quality assurance techniques performed to ensure the consistency or accuracy of the reports. In addition, such viewing does not have sufficient frequency to accurately determine when fulfillment of a particular advertising program begins or ends.

Furthermore, fulfillment of survey reports (made by experts or company personnel) often lags behind the date of the survey. This delay prevents timely correction of a non-performing store. In particular, if an advertising program is designed to run for two weeks, it is important to know which retail location has not been executed within the day that the program should be started in order to have that location execute the advertising program in a timely manner. The staff and expense required to visit all the advertising venues within 48 hours is prohibitive. Thus, investigation or inspection of a subset of venues is the only practical way to monitor fulfillment. However, for the reasons mentioned above, investigation is only sufficient for general or strategic conclusions, and POP fulfillment strategies cannot be improved in a timely manner. The viewing of a subset of venues does not yield enough information to fully fulfill the advertising goal.

Companies such as oil companies and consumer product packaging companies spend millions of dollars in running a given POP plan. Retail performance has changed dramatically. However, it is common for more than 50% of retail establishments to be enrolled to fail. The present invention provides an efficient system for quickly identifying each of the non-fulfillment sites by utilizing a tag (e.g., a wireless RFID tag) on each advertising sign or marketing material. The system also provides the following information to the company, namely: when to run the POP plan, what advertisements are shown and not shown, and when to generate a new sign and send it to the retail outlet. In addition to signage, the system can also monitor other merchant sales conditions, such as the presence or absence of display shelves or containers, the presence of promotional hardware, or the presence of particular items for sale under certain conditions. It may also monitor and report specific prices associated with particular signage or marketing materials. The system may also monitor and report exposure of a particular shopper to marketing materials being monitored by the system. The system will thus allow companies to monitor and improve fulfillment issues during an advertising program, which will improve overall fulfillment and increase the effectiveness of the advertising program. It also allows cost-based marketing programs, which depend on the particular retail conditions that occur at a particular time, to be implemented with greater accuracy, reliability, and verifiability. In addition, it allows monitoring and analysis of the flow of transactions by a particular shopper within the store. In addition, the system will allow subsequent marketing programs, such as coupons or direct mailings, to be tailored or tailored to the shopper's interests, shopping patterns, or to preferentially present marketing materials.

Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an advertising or marketing material performance monitoring system that provides performance monitoring in a timely and cost-effective manner.

It would also be desirable to provide an advertisement fulfillment monitoring system that simplifies determining fulfillment.

It would be desirable to provide a wireless fulfillment monitoring system for use with active tags that conserves battery power.

In addition, there is a need to provide a wireless fulfillment monitoring system for determining specific locations (within a narrow range) of selected marketing materials and/or versions of selected marketing materials using passive tags.

In addition, there is a need to provide a wireless fulfillment monitoring system for determining specific locations (within a very narrow range) and/or versions of selected marketing materials using contact technology, such as EEPROM, optical, notch, or magnetic ink.

It would be desirable to provide a performance monitoring system for use with small and bright passive tags that are more easily affixed to advertising signs.

It is also desirable to utilize wireless technology to transmit data from a signage location to a central venue located at a single retail location for ease of retail establishment.

It is also desirable to provide a switch on the reader for switching the tag between different power saving modes, such as OFF, sleep mode or continuous monitoring mode.

It is desirable to send data from each retail location to a central memory/processing location in order to report individual and overall retailer performance and consumer exposure to specific and overall marketing programs.

Thus, there is a need for an advertising fulfillment monitoring system that provides versatility and flexibility by providing tags associated with particular signs that are used to communicate tag data to external readers. The present invention provides a way to quickly and positively identify each tag, determine the status of each tag (e.g., delivery, display), monitor the fulfillment of marketing plans, monitor consumer exposure to marketing plans, and analyze tag data relating to the display and exposure of advertising tags, marketing materials, pricing information, marketing plan mechanisms, and supporting hardware.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a system for monitoring the fulfillment of an advertising program. In one embodiment, the system includes a tag associated with a sign or shopper identification card for periodic communication with a reader. In one embodiment, the tag comprises an active tag, a passive tag, or a contact tag. Both active and passive tags include a memory for storing tag data, a transmitter and a receiver. In an active tag embodiment, the tag uses a sleep mode to save power. The tag transmits tag data to the reader in response to an interrogation signal or automatically on a regular basis. The tag data may include any or all of the following: an identification number for identifying a tag associated with a particular sign and/or marketing material, location-to-location data (e.g., at which retail location and/or location within a retail location the marketing material should be displayed), and time and date information. This data is processed by the central server to determine the fulfillment of a particular advertising program.

In one embodiment, a reader associated with a given location of a retail location communicates with one or more tags in order to detect their presence and obtain their tag data. The hub communicates with each reader and stores tag data for all readers located at a given retail location. The hub communicates with a central server to convey information such as displayed signage, feature prices, marketing materials, and/or shopper exposure to marketing materials at the venue. The central server stores and analyzes tag data from all locations to determine whether each retail store is fulfilling a particular advertising program (e.g., to determine whether each sign is being displayed at the time and location specified by the program). The central server may also report which shopper identification cards have been in proximity to a given reader.

Brief Description of Drawings

These and other features of the present invention will become more apparent when taken in conjunction with the following detailed description of the invention, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an advertising performance monitoring system including a sign having a tag attached thereto, and sign hardware supporting the sign and having a reader attached thereto.

Fig. 2 shows a serial EEPROM contact tag in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows a passive RFID tag including a coil antenna according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of an ad fulfillment monitoring system that includes tags, readers, a hub, and a central server.

Fig. 5 shows an active RFID tag including a monopole antenna according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 shows an RFID tag including a dipole antenna in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of an ad performance monitoring system including tags, readers and antennas, a hub, and a central server.

FIG. 8 illustrates a price report embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates a consumer exposure monitoring embodiment of the present invention, the system including an advertising sign, a reader, a customer card with an embedded tag, and a display device.

Fig. 10 shows a handheld or permanent (fixed) reader including a switch for switching the tag between different power saving modes.

Detailed description of the invention

The claimed system determines whether a particular sign is actually being displayed so that the advertising benefits of the sign can be realized in a cost-effective manner. As used herein, a "sign" is defined to include marketing material, displays, pricing information, coupon dispensers, signage, display shelves, floors or counters, packaging, promotional hardware, shopper identification cards, and/or items for sale under certain conditions (e.g., seasonal promotions, products, or displays).

Referring to fig. 1, the system includes a tag 10 associated with a particular sign 46, and a tag reader 12 for determining whether the sign 46 is actually being displayed. Reader 12 is typically mounted on signage hardware 48. There are several types of tags 10. Active RFID tags 50 allow one reader 12 to determine whether all tags are being displayed within a particular defined area (e.g., in the premises of a retail store); passive RFID tag 100 requires one reader 12 per tag/label combination; and a contact tag 1000 transmits stored data in response to an interrogation signal from a reader 12, wherein the reader 12 directly contacts the tag 1000.

Some advertising programs require placement of advertising material within a general range (e.g., only displays need be placed in department stores or aisles of stores). Active RFID tags that contain batteries to allow their data content to be transmitted over long distances (e.g., several meters) may be used to monitor the fulfillment of such advertising programs.

Some advertising programs require that advertising material be placed within a certain radius (e.g., a few inches) of a particular location (e.g., a sign attached to a product display or an advertisement on a check-out counter proximate to a cash register). Passive RFID tags may be used to monitor the fulfillment of such advertising programs.

Some advertising programs require that the advertising material be placed in a very precise location (e.g., a particular sign must be in a particular holder 48). The touch tag may be used to monitor the fulfillment of such advertising programs. In one embodiment, the touch tag includes a serial electronically erasable programmable read only memory (serial EEPROM) chip for storing tag data. There are several types of serial EEPROM chips, but most chips include two or three contacts (i.e., a 2-wire or 3-wire interface). Generally, the 3-wire device has three data transfer wires and an additional wire. The 3-wire interface includes a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and a Microwire (Microwire), which are registered trademarks of National Semiconductor (National Semiconductor). A 2-wire device called I2C or IIC has only two wires. I2C is a registered trademark of philips. Fig. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a 2-wire serial EEPROM chip (contact tag) 1000. The contact tag 1000 includes two contacts 380 and an EEPROM chip 400. In alternative embodiments, the number of contacts 380 may be reduced to one, or increased to three or more.

Referring to fig. 4, the tag 10 stores identification data, status data, and time and date information. By reading this data, the reader 12 can communicate the data to the hub 14, and the hub 14 can determine when the sign or marketing material was first displayed, and for how long it will be displayed. The hub 14 may send the data to a central server 16, the central server 16 allowing the advertiser to verify whether their advertisement or promotional material is actually being displayed.

In one embodiment, the tag 10 is manually activated by a portable reader prior to shipping the marketing material or at a retail store. In another embodiment, the tag 10 is activated at the factory prior to shipping the marketing material.

In one embodiment, the tag is a passive tag 100, as shown in FIG. 3.

Passive tags rely on inductive (magnetic) coupling or capacitive coupling. In order to communicate with a passive tag 100, the reader must be in close proximity to the tag in order to allow communication between the tag and the reader. A passive tag is not self-powered and it has no battery. Communication is achieved by, for example, inductively coupling the reader and the tag. This allows the reader to provide a signal to the tag that includes the power required by the tag to respond to the reader and transmit its tag data. The passive tag 100 is generally smaller than the active tag 10. Passive tags are typically read by a reader 12 mounted on signage hardware 48, see fig. 1. When a tag is inserted into tag hardware 48, or in proximity to reader 12, reader 12 may detect the presence of tag 46, which includes a passive tag, where reader 12 has been installed in a predetermined display location. As shown in the embodiment of fig. 3, the passive tag 100 includes a receiver 34, a transmitter 36, a memory 38, and a coil antenna 40.

Active tags allow a reader 12 disposed at a central location to read one or more tags associated with one or more signage or marketing materials displayed at a retail store. To conserve power in active tags, these tags use a "sleep" procedure in which the tag is only periodically "woken up" to a search mode in order to look for an interrogation signal from a reader. After detecting transmission of a potentially interrogation signal, the tag wakes up completely to the interrogation mode, verifies that the interrogation signal is valid, and responds to the valid interrogation signal, for example by sending tag data to reader 12. The tag may also be programmed to wake up periodically and transmit its data autonomously without interrogation by reader 12.

The present invention provides a means to determine the fulfillment of an advertising program by attaching an RFID tag to the signage or marketing material that will be displayed at different locations in the retail store. The system may be used with existing customer service call centers to facilitate retailer fulfillment of a point of purchase (POP) advertising program. The system also provides an efficient and accurate way to complete a fulfillment analysis that rates the extent to which retailers fulfill each POP advertising program and the market value associated with a given advertising program.

Referring again to fig. 4, the present system includes four main components: a tag 10, a transceiver (reader) 12, a hub 14, and a central server 16. The small label 10 is affixed to the tag 46 at the time of manufacture, or prior to delivery to a retail store. As used herein, the term append is defined as: mounting, integrally forming, adhering, fastening, etc. The labels will enable each sign to be encoded with information relating to when and where the sign or marketing material should be displayed according to a particular POP plan. The reader 12 will periodically read data from tags in the reader range. Alternatively, the tag may be read manually by a reader based on the user's (e.g., fulfillment inspector) fate. In one embodiment, the reader 12 communicates with a hub 14, which is typically located at a retail store. The hub 14 is connected to a central server 16 via a communication link (e.g., a telephone line). The central server 16 will receive details of each POP plan, including the participating sites and the desired display location at each site. The central server 16 will also upload data from each hub for performing the analysis.

When the signs or marketing materials reach their destination, the tag 10 associated with each sign may be read and registered as "transmitted" by a transceiver, such as reader 12. The transceiver can read the presence of the tag or marketing material even before they are unpacked. The sign or marketing material will be saved in memory until the marketing plan is initiated. In one embodiment, the hub 14 includes a display for announcing the start of the program and instructs the retail store to install signage or marketing material in their respective locations. The hub 14 also receives and interprets tag data and provides command signals to the reader 12.

The reader 12 may be located on signage or marketing material hardware 48 (e.g., a frame) with signage or marketing material disposed in the hardware 48. The reader will detect the presence of the tag and register that tag or marketing material 46 as being "displayed". In one embodiment, each tag 10 has a transmission range of about seven feet. Thus, several tags or marketing materials may be tracked by one reader at a given retail location. The signage or marketing material can be densely displayed, such as at the gas station clird (crind) belt, at the tip of the pump and the "cabinet" of the hoses of several adjacent pumps (small signage attached to the oil pump hoses). Because each label 46 is uniquely marked, a single reader 12 centrally located at the pump is able to register and report the status of all label designs or promotional material associated with the pump. In addition, a seven foot gap is typically sufficient to distinguish between the label or pin material associated with one pump and the label or pin material of an adjacent pump.

Considering the short RFID transmission range, only those signs or marketing materials that were unpacked and placed into the display hardware would be registered as "displayed". Repeated polling (taking several readings every 24 hours) will establish continuous fulfillment of a given POP plan. When a single reader detects the presence of several signs or marketing materials for different locations (or no signs at all), the central server 16 will determine that the signs have not been received, have not been unpacked, or are being stored in a central unit and not displayed. This information would allow a Customer Service Representative (CSR) to call a retail store and study the non-fulfillment in a timely manner.

In one embodiment, each reader 12 includes a small RF transmitter 26 having a transmission range of 1,000 feet. Each reader will store tag data from all tags that are within range of the reader. Each reader will also indicate the absence of any tags. The hub 14 will periodically poll the reader to upload tag data. The reader will communicate with the hub 14 by selecting a clear RF channel from several frequencies.

The reader may be permanently attached to and shipped with the display hardware 48, or may be permanently installed on the basis of an after-market (after-market). A proportion of signage or marketing materials such as freezer static cling advertising does not require display hardware. For these tags, a reader 12 having an adhesive backing (adhesive backing) may be positioned within a short distance (e.g., seven feet) of the tag 10. In one embodiment, reader 12 will be battery powered, which avoids the need for expensive or annoying restraints.

In addition to triggering and collecting polling information every few hours, the hub 14 will act as a storage device for reading each display location at a given retail location now and previously. In one embodiment, at a predetermined time (e.g., 2 am), the hub 14 will test the availability of the local telephone lines and set up a free call to the central server 16. Once the connection is established, the server will receive the tag data, reset the hub register, and send any updated schedule information to the hub.

The central server 16 will hand-note the tag data for the full retail location and report all locations that did not fulfill the specified POP plan within the current 24 hour period. Detailed information about the specific location not fulfilled will be obtained by the call centre, including the contact name and the telephone number. The customer service representative will use all available information relating to the non-fulfillment venue to determine what prevents timely fulfillment of the POP and attempt to ameliorate the non-fulfillment condition. Several different POP plans may be monitored and reported at any particular time.

In one embodiment, data from the system may be combined with point of sale (POS) scanner data to assess the impact of a particular program (or commercial success), and how such success correlates with ad fulfillment. The system may also be used to compare the effectiveness of one POP plan with another plan or predetermined goals or criteria.

Typically, over the course of a year, more than ten POP plans are implemented at each retail location. Improving ad performance can greatly increase production/service revenue.

Additionally, companies that initiate POP programs typically provide payments to retail stores for participation in such programs, the payments being based on the display of specific market materials. Improving knowledge of specific participation levels and dates can greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of a POP plan.

The invention may be used in a retail store, comprising: gas stations, convenience stores, grocery stores, batch transaction stores, pharmacies, particular retail stores (e.g., pet stores, record stores, bookstores), consumer electronics stores, and the like.

Labels such as RFID tags or touch tags may also be used by signage and marketing material manufacturers to improve shipping operations (e.g., by tracking shipping, or verifying the contents of cartons of marketing material prior to shipping).

Illustrated in fig. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an ad performance monitoring system that includes a tag 10, a reader 12, a hub 14, and a central server 16. In one embodiment, the tag is an active RFID tag 50 (which is self-powered by a battery). In another embodiment, the tag is a passive RFID tag 100 (which is not itself powered, but instead electromagnetically receives energy from an external signal provided by a reader). In an active tag embodiment, the active tag 50 includes a microprocessor (with memory) 30, a receiver 34, a transmitter 36, a battery 42, and an antenna 18, as shown in FIG. 5. Signals are transmitted from and received by the tag 50 via the antenna 18. As used herein, a microprocessor is defined as any processor, microcontroller, or custom IC, such as an FPGA, ASIC, or the like.

To conserve battery power in active tags 50, these tags use a "sleep" procedure, wherein the tags are only periodically "woken up" to a search mode in order to look for an interrogation signal from a reader. After detecting that the transmission may be an interrogation signal, the tag is fully woken up to an interrogation mode, verifies whether the interrogation signal is valid, and responds to a valid interrogation signal, for example by sending tag data to the reader. The tag may also be programmed to wake up periodically and transmit its data autonomously without interrogation by a reader.

The tag 10 may be attached to a signal or marketing material associated with a given marketing plan. In one embodiment, the label 10 is affixed to the advertising sign or marketing material to be displayed as the sign or marketing material is generated or prior to delivery to the retail store. The tag includes an internal clock and a memory. The tag stores: tag data, which includes the identification number and the appropriate delivery and display of the tag, and advertising information relating to when and where the signage or marketing material associated with the tag should be displayed according to a given advertising plan.

Reader 12 will periodically read tag data from tags within range of reader 12. Alternatively, reader 12 may read tag data from the tags on a manual basis depending on the user's (e.g., fulfillment inspector) fate. Once the tag data is received by reader 12, it is stored in memory. The reader 12 communicates with the hub 14 via a communication link 20. The hub is physically remote from the reader 12 and is typically located at a retail store. The hub 14 communicates with a central server via a communication link (e.g., a telephone line). The central server 16 is physically remote from the hub 14 and is typically located hundreds or thousands of miles from the hub. The central server 16 receives details of each advertising program, including a listing of participating venues and desired display locations at each venue. The central server 16 will periodically upload tag data from each hub and complete the fulfillment analysis for each advertisement or POP plan.

Reader 12 is designed to interactively operate with tag 10. Reader 12 may be a handheld unit or a fixedly mounted unit. Typically, reader 12 is attached to signage hardware 48. Reader 12 will periodically send command signals to interrogate any tags within range of the reader. When a sign 46 is displayed in sign design hardware 48, reader 12 will detect the tag 10 associated with the sign after the next command signal is sent. In response to the command signal, the tag 10 will transmit its tag identification number, any status data (e.g., delivered, displayed), and the time and date corresponding to the status. For example, if the tag is "displayed" on month 1, 25, 2002, at 6:30 PM, the tag will send: status-displayed, time-6:30 pm, date-2002, 1 month, 25 days. This tag data will be stored by reader 12. Alternatively, the tag 10 need not store state data. Hub 14 may determine when a given reader 12 first reports the presence of a tag 10. Alternatively, the hub 14 need not store the status data. Central server 16 may determine when a given reader 12 first reports the presence of a tag 10.

Fig. 10 illustrates one embodiment of a handheld or permanent (fixed) reader 12, the reader 12 including a switch 44 for switching the tag 10 between different power saving modes, such as OFF (e.g., no monitoring), sleep mode (e.g., POP fulfillment monitoring), or continuous monitoring mode (e.g., consumer exposure monitoring). Reader 12 also includes an antenna 22, a receiver 24, and a transmitter 26. The antenna 22 is configured to receive signals from and transmit signals to the tag antenna 18. Reader 12 interacts with each tag 10 via a communication channel. Likewise, reader 12 interacts with hub 14 and/or central server 16 via another communication channel. The communication channel may include an ethernet link, an internet link, a wired link, a wireless link, a microwave link, a satellite link, an optical link, a cable link, an RF link, a LAN link, or other communication link.

Tag data obtained from individual tags 10 may be uploaded to the hub 14 via the reader 12 and then to the central server 16, which central server 16 may include a database of all tag data. This data is then analyzed to determine which retail stores are not fulfilling a particular advertising program.

In one embodiment, the tag antenna 18 is a monopole antenna 18A, as shown in FIG. 5. The monopole antenna 18A is a tunable antenna for achieving the same RF signal capability as a dipole structure, but is smaller in size. Thus, the monopole antenna 18A can produce a smaller tag with less mass. In one embodiment, the antenna 18A is comprised of standard bus wiring.

Fig. 6 illustrates the tag antenna 18 as a dipole antenna 18B having arms extending in a dipole fashion and connected to the electronics of the tag 10. In one embodiment, the antenna 18 and tag electronics are encapsulated in an epoxy, such as Stycast , and then attached to the label 46, as shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of an advertising fulfillment monitoring system including a portable or handheld reader 12H for initially programming the tag 10, particularly after it is made, before it is shipped, or after it is received at a retail store. In one embodiment, the label 10 may also be reprogrammed so that the label on the label to be removed may be reinstalled on a different label to be used. The handheld reader 12H is typically battery powered and includes a keypad/keyboard, touch screen or other input device known in the art, an LCD display for user interaction and data display, and sufficient memory to store tag data from a plurality of tags prior to uploading the data to the hub 14.

Also shown in fig. 7 are a plurality of fixed readers 12F, each of which has an associated antenna 22. Hub 14 is a separate component that communicates with readers 12H, 12F via communication channel 20. The hub 14 communicates with the central server 16 via a communication channel 32. As used herein, the term "communication channel" includes communication via an Ethernet link, an Internet link, a wired link, a wireless link, a microwave link, a satellite link, an optical link, a cable link, an RF link, a LAN link, an RS-232 serial link, a telephone line, or other communication link.

As shown in fig. 7, data from the hub 14 is transmitted to the central server 16. In one embodiment, information from the hub 14 is transmitted to the central server 16 over a communication channel 32, such as the internet 32. The central server 16 may be a personal computer, a web server, or other computer with appropriate software to run and maintain the tag data database. The central server is accessed by a remote computer, for example via the internet. The reader 12, hub 14 and central server 16 may be, for example, two or more separate units, a computer divided into different virtual computers, or a virtual machine acting as two components connected to a second computer or processor acting as a third component.

Some advertisements contain feature prices that can change independently of the sign or display with which they are associated. In this case, tag 10 may be used to report such characteristic price information in addition to signage and/or display information (such as "delivered", "displayed", etc.). In one embodiment, contact tag 1000 is used to monitor the value of each digit in the feature price (e.g., $32.89 is read with 4 or more plastic loose-leaf or spiral bound digits, each with a contact tag 1000 associated therewith). A single reader 12 is used to monitor all digits and report the entire price as a single data field. Other parts of the feature price that can be monitored include quality information about the price conditions (e.g., "per bag", "per carton", "2 liters bottles", "one restriction per customer" or "buy one gift") and/or trademarks as features such as "Winston", "Salem", "cook" or "bad Light".

One embodiment of the invention for price reporting is shown in fig. 8. In this embodiment, each number of prices includes a touch tag 1000. The individual readers 12A-12D are arranged on a digital holder such that each tag 1000 (arranged on a respective number) is in contact with one of the respective readers 12A-12D. In this manner, each digit of the price is monitored by one of the individual readers 12A-12D. In one embodiment, each reader 12A-12D includes a battery and a data management module in addition to contact reading and storage circuitry. The outputs of the individual readers 12A-12D are fed into an individual group reader 12G, which individual group reader 12G is in communication with the hub 14 and/or the central server 16. The data management module obtains a data stream from the tag, converts the data stream to a standard data stream, such as an RS-232 data stream, and transmits the tag data to the reader 12, which reader 12 relays the data to the hub 14 and/or the central server 16. The contact read and storage circuitry allows each reader 12A-12D to read data from a respective contact tag 1000 and store the data.

In one embodiment, each reader 12 has the same back end (i.e., transceiver components for transmitting a particular data stream to a hub and/or central server) and several interchangeable front ends (i.e., different data management modules for receiving data streams from different types of tags, such as passive, active, and contact tags). The data streams from different types of tags may be different. Thus, interchangeable front ends allow reader 12 to transmit different types of tags. The particular data stream sent to the hub and/or the central server may be a standard data stream, such as an RS-232 data stream.

A contact tag reader includes a small set of contacts for energizing the contact tag and receiving its data. In one embodiment, the contact tag reader is battery powered and uses a sleep mode to save power, as discussed below.

In another embodiment, the touch tag is implemented using optical, notch, or magnetic ink technology. Magnetic ink technology can be used to monitor price information. In one embodiment, magnetic ink similar to that used for process inspection is placed on the pricing elements (e.g., plastic loose leaves or spiral bound numbers for display of feature prices) and read by a contact reader that can distinguish the pattern of magnetic field strength.

In one embodiment, the price information may be read using an infrared or laser scanner. Such a scanner may detect light and dark printing on the pricing element based on changes in light reflected back into the scanner. In another embodiment, a bar code scanner is used to read the price information.

In a further embodiment, the price information is read using notch technology. For example, each pricing element (e.g., plastic or cardboard) may include a series of positional depressions (or absence of such devices) or unobtrusive apertures along the perimeter of the pricing element. In one embodiment, the presence or absence of a notch or hole in a given location is converted to a data stream via a series of two-position contacts on the price holder. When a hole or notch is encountered, the two opposing contacts physically contact each other, thereby creating a closed circuit. This closed circuit is detectable by a contact reader connected to the two contacts.

In one embodiment of the fulfillment monitoring system, tag 10 stores signage information (e.g., display status, identification data, time and date information, etc.). In another embodiment, the tag 10 stores only a tag identifier, which may include a 32-bit unique identification number. This identifier is associated with a large amount of descriptive information stored on the central server 16. This descriptive information corresponds to the specific advertising material associated with the tag 10. In one embodiment, the tag identifier and descriptive information are synchronized when the tag 10 is designated and attached to a particular tag 46. If the tag 10 is reused (i.e., associated with a different sign), its unique tag identifier is reassigned to the descriptive information on the central server 16 corresponding to the new sign associated with the tag 10.

Some retailers may desire to pay to set up hubs, readers, and tags in their stores for the purpose of monitoring their performance of the advertising program. Thus, in one embodiment, reader 12 is used for consumer exposure monitoring. In this embodiment, the system may be used in conjunction with a retailer's frequent shopper or loyalty program to inform the retailer and vendor about the advertisements that are most appealing to the shopper (e.g., which advertised shopper scrutinizes for a predetermined amount of time). In this embodiment, a frequent or loyal shopper is assigned a shopper identification card with a unique RFID tag for storing information about the shopper. As the shopper travels through the store, if the shopper scrutinizes a particular advertisement having an RFID tag, the shopper can flash his/her RFID card near the sign (i.e., move the card near the sign) in order to trigger the data transfer to the reader. In another embodiment, the proximity of the card to the tag may trigger the data transfer to the reader (e.g., the card may be read in the shopper's wallet). Information is reported to the retailer and/or manufacturer regarding which tags each customer has flashed and the number of tags (or the number of tags that the shopper has studied to cause card data to be transmitted to one or more readers). This consumer exposure information is used to help improve the value of the retailer's frequented shopper program, and/or in conjunction with the purchase information to provide additional and/or personalized incentives to the frequented shopper. In another embodiment, information about which advertisement is appealing to the consumer during shopping can be used to focus subsequent advertising material, such as direct mailing. These embodiments will enable a more efficient and appropriate marketing program for vendors and retailers.

FIG. 9 illustrates the use of the present invention to monitor consumer exposure to a particular advertising promotion in a store having two shelves. The customer is shown carrying a shopper identification card with a tag 10 (e.g., an active or passive tag) embedded therein. Reader 12 is associated with a tag 46 and reads the presence of tag 10 when the customer card is adjacent tag 46. The shopper may flash his/her card near the sign and/or the reader may obtain the tag 10 when the card is within range of the reader 12. When the consumer card has been read, a confirmation light or message is displayed by the display device 58 disposed on the sign 46 or adjacent to the sign 46.

In fig. 1, a label 46 having a label 10 attached thereto is illustrated. The tags 46 are supported by tag or marketing material hardware 48, and the tag or marketing material hardware 48 has the reader 12 attached thereto. In one embodiment, reader 12 communicates with tag 10 via a wireless RF link (e.g., 28A) operating at a frequency of about 13.56MHz (which is an example of a frequency for reading passive RFID tags). Reader 12 and tag 10 may communicate via any wireless link (e.g., 28A) and may use any suitable frequency band. The industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band is 902-. The ISM band is primarily for unlicensed transmitters, which have been acknowledged by the Federal Communications commission code (Federal Communications commission code) portion 15(47 c.r.f. § 15). Many devices, such as cordless telephones and wireless local area networks, share the ISM band, and the claimed system is designed to coexist and operate robustly among these other devices. Other frequency ranges may be used without departing from the invention. For example, reader 12 and tag 10 may communicate at a low frequency (e.g., approximately 125 and 134 KHz).

To minimize signal interference, the frequency of the forward link channel (i.e., reader to tag) is changed between several available RF channels in the ISM band in a pseudo-random manner (frequency hopping). Each forward link command is sent in a pseudo-random manner on a different frequency than the preceding command to avoid continuous interference from other devices operating in this frequency band. Frequency hopping also allows the system to transmit a maximum signal emission (+36dBM) according to 47 c.r.f. § 15.

The active tag 50 provides several features including: a unique tag identifier to identify a particular tag and determine a sign status (e.g., delivered, displayed) associated with the tag; the ability to autonomously send tag data to a reader; and the ability to archive tag data obtained since the last upload to reader 12.

As shown in fig. 5, the tag microprocessor 30 communicates with an RF transmitter 36. The RF transmitter 36 is in communication with the antenna 18A. The tag 50 is powered by the battery 42.

The active tag 50 has a plurality of modes of operation. A representative mode is a deep sleep mode, where the tag is normally inactive (no clock running; however, the RC monitors the clock running, which uses little power). The tag 50 spends most of its time in this low power mode. The tag periodically wakes up locally to a light sleep mode (when the watchdog clock times out), starts a low speed clock, determines if it is time to enter the search mode by checking the search mode counter, and if it is not, adjusts the search mode counter (e.g., decrements the counter by 1) and returns to a deep sleep mode.

Otherwise, if time is up, the tag 50 enters the search mode, which continues with the low speed clock. The tag first determines whether it is time to check for an interrogation signal, called a Forward Link Packet (FLP), from the remote reader 12. If the tag detects what appears to be an interrogation signal, it wakes up completely to the interrogation mode. Otherwise, the tag continues in search mode and determines whether it is time to perform an Autonomous Transmission (AT) by checking an AT counter. If it is not time for the AT, the tag adjusts the AT counter by 1 (e.g., decrements the counter by 1) and returns to the deep sleep mode. Otherwise, the tag wakes up to the interrogation mode, starts the high speed clock, and executes the AT (i.e., it sends the most recently stored sensor data to any reader 12 operating in the supervisor mode).

In the interrogation mode, the tag 50 starts a high speed clock, reads at least a portion of the forward link transmission to see if it is a valid interrogation signal for this tag 50, and if so, responds to the interrogation signal. Otherwise, if the transmission is not a valid interrogation signal, the tag waits a programmable time period for a valid interrogation signal. If no valid interrogation signal is detected within this period of time, the tag turns off the high speed clock and enters the deep sleep mode again. Otherwise, the tag responds to a valid interrogation signal on the return link channel specified by reader 12. Alternatively, the tag 50 sends its response sequentially to each interrogation signal on each return link channel.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the various active tag modes include a light sleep mode, a search mode, an interrogation mode, and a deep sleep mode, and include the timing of these modes. The tag 50 spends most of its time in one of the sleep modes. When in the deep sleep mode, the tag 50 uses very little power to help conserve battery life. The tag 50 periodically wakes up to a search mode to look for the presence of a Forward Link Packet (FLP) and/or determines if it is time for an Autonomous Transmission (AT), and then returns to a deep sleep mode if no possible FLP is detected and not AT time.

In the deep sleep mode, the tag's microprocessor 30 is in a quiescent, inactive state with its internal clock oscillator(s) turned off. Only the RC monitors the clock running. In the deep sleep mode, the tag microprocessor 30 is unable to fulfill any plan or control any external IO pins. The tag 50 is dormant in this mode for most of its life to conserve battery power. During the deep sleep mode, the deep sleep counter is periodically adjusted (incremented or decremented) by the internal R/C oscillator because the clock oscillator(s) are off. An internal watchdog clock (WDT) monitors the deep sleep counter and, for example, when the deep sleep counter contains a zero value (all zeros), the WDT wakes up the microprocessor 30 (i.e., the WDT starts a low speed clock so that the tag 50 can enter a light sleep mode).

In the light sleep mode, the tag 50 is sufficiently awakened to determine if it is time to enter the search mode by determining if the search mode counter contains a zero value (all zeros), for example. Since the shallow sleep mode only utilizes the low speed clock, it requires only a minimal amount of processing and a small amount of power. If it is not time to enter the search mode, the microprocessor 30 adjusts (e.g., decrements) the search mode counter and then reverts to the deep sleep mode. In summary, during a light sleep mode, the low speed clock oscillator is turned on, thereby generating a low speed clock signal (e.g., 37KHz), a search mode counter is adjusted, a search mode is entered if the counter contains an all-zeros value, and if not, the low speed clock oscillator is turned off and a deep sleep mode is resumed.

In the search mode, the tag 50 continues to use a low speed clock (e.g., 37KHz) to execute instructions including: determines whether it is time to read the sensor, searches for a transmission from the reader 12 that may be a pending Forward Link Packet (FLP), and determines whether it is time for an Autonomous Transmission (AT). The microprocessor 30 determines whether it is time to read the sensor by checking the sensor counter. If it is time to read the sensors, the microprocessor 30 sequentially reads and stores data from each sensor, as described below. Otherwise, the tag 50 searches for the presence of the FLP by performing a pre-discrimination. If the pre-discrimination indicates that the transmission is likely to be FLP, then the tag enters the interrogation mode. Otherwise, the microprocessor 30 determines whether it is time to perform an Autonomous Transmission (AT) by checking an AT counter. If there is no time to the AT, the microprocessor 30 adjusts the counter (e.g., decrements the counter) and returns to the deep sleep mode. Otherwise, microprocessor 30 wakes up to the interrogation mode, starts the high speed clock, and executes the AT (e.g., it sends the most recently stored sensor data to reader 12).

In the interrogation mode, tag 50 starts a high speed clock, reads at least a portion of a Forward Link Packet (FLP), and determines whether the FLP is valid. Error checking is implemented in each FLP by sending error checking bits, such as parity bits, checksums or Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRC). The tag 50 then checks the error check bits to ensure that the transmission is a valid FLP. The tag also checks to ensure that the FLP includes data bits and error check bits (e.g., CRC), and checks to ensure that the total number of those bits represents a valid FLP. If the tag 50 detects an error in the FLP (e.g., the CRC is not valid), then the bad FLP is ignored and/or the tag 50 requests a retransmission of the FLP.

In one embodiment, microprocessor 30 first checks the beginning portion of the FLP, turns on transmitter 36 if that portion indicates that the transmission appears to be a valid FLP, and then reads the remaining FLPs to check that the CRC is valid. If the FLP contains a valid CRC, then tag 50 responds to the FLP. Otherwise, if the FLP is determined to be invalid, the microprocessor 30 continues to search for a valid FLP for a predetermined period of time. The time period for which the tag 50 continues to search for the FLP is a programmable feature of the tag 50. If no valid interrogation signal is detected within this period of time, the microprocessor 30 turns off the high speed clock and enters the deep sleep mode again. Otherwise, the tag responds to a valid interrogation signal.

Each tag may include one or more of the following features:

a unique tag identification number-this identification number specifically identifies the particular tag 10. The tag identification number is typically a tag serial number. This identification number is programmed into the tag 10 at the factory or during installation (e.g., via the handheld reader 12H).

Sign or marketing materials model number-sign or marketing materials model identifies the type of sign or marketing material and when and where it should be displayed according to a particular advertising plan. The number may also be programmed into tag 10 at the factory or during installation (e.g., via handheld reader 12H).

Tag history data-tag 50 includes RAM memory for recording history data such as when and where to display the label or marketing material, when to remove the label or marketing material, etc. The history tag data is recorded according to time and a date stamp indicating when the data was recorded. This data can be uploaded from the tag 50 to the reader 12 and transmitted to the central server 16.

Writability-tag 50 allows a user to write user-defined data to the tag memory, including the location where the sign is being displayed, the sign type associated with the tag, and the like. This data may be password protected so that only authorized users can write data to the tag 50.

Autonomous Transmission (AT) -the tag 50 can be programmed to wake up itself AT preset intervals, send tag data to the reader, and return to sleep mode without external activation. The tag 50 may be pre-programmed by the factory according to a default wake-up interval (e.g., 2.5 seconds); however, the user may change the wake-up interval.

Radio frequency operation-in one embodiment, the claimed system operates at 2.45GHz, or in the ISM band (902-.

Communication-tag 10 is capable of communicating with either fixed reader 12F or handheld reader 12H.

Data display-tag data is displayed by the hub so retail personnel can monitor the status of each sign and receive messages from the central server 16.

Power source-the active tag 50 is powered by the battery 42.

Tag life-during normal operating conditions, the total tag life given the current battery capacity is greater than about 2 years, which is greater than the average life of the sign associated with the tag.

Shutdown function-prior to shipment to a retail store, the tag 50 may be activated by a handheld reader, which prevents the tag 50 from being opened during label stock. This extends the battery life of the tag 50.

Reader range — for a fixed reader 12F, the reader range is up to and including about 7 feet. This tag is associated with signs in contiguous areas of retail stores that are differentiated or grouped according to their location. The reader range may be extended to cover a range between 10-50 meters, thus effectively covering the entire retail store. Handheld reader 12H may monitor tags up to about 50 meters from reader antenna 22 (and may operate when the user is in a vehicle moving at a speed of about 73 km/H).

Reader 12 sends a signal to tag 50 in the forward link. Reader 12 periodically transmits RF signals to one or more tags 50. The forward link signal is also known as a Forward Link Packet (FLP).

Tag 50 sends a signal to reader 12 in the return link. Tag 50 typically sends a response (e.g., tag data) to reader 12 over a return link in response to FLP. The return link signal is also known as a Return Link Packet (RLP).

The tag data stored on the central server 16 may be accessed via a Local Area Network (LAN) or the internet. The tag data may be forwarded to the call center for display on the screen of the customer service representative. Using this data, the CSR may call a non-fulfilling retail store and attempt to determine the reason for not fulfilling the advertising program and attempt to improve the situation in a timely manner.

In one embodiment, reader 12 initiates RF communication with one or more tags 10. In one embodiment, reader 12 is attached to signage hardware 48, with hardware 48 being located at various locations proximate to the retail store (e.g., at a gas station, at the top of a pump, at an external kiosk, near a pump, on a building sign, at a checkout register, etc.). Reader 12 will communicate with each tag 10 to determine if the corresponding sign is being displayed and collect data including when the sign is first displayed, when it is removed, etc. Reader 12 may also obtain tag history data that includes all tag data since the last time the tag data was uploaded to the reader. The historical data is transmitted from the reader 12 to the hub 14 and then to the central server 16 over a communication channel 32, the communication channel 32 including one or more of an ethernet link, an internet link, a wired link, a wireless link, a microwave link, a satellite link, an optical link, a cable link, an RF link, a LAN link, or other suitable communication link.

A portable or handheld reader 12H communicates with the tag 10 and collects tag data, including historical data. The handheld reader 12H may be used in conjunction with manual inspection or investigation to determine whether marketing materials have been displayed in accordance with a proprietary plan. These readers 12H reduce the time and cost of the survey by reading all tags for a particular retail store in a small amount of time, even without requiring the user to leave his car. Handheld reader 12H provides "field reading" of all tags at a particular location or site.

Referring again to fig. 7, the process of obtaining tag data will be described. In the interrogation mode, reader 12 may obtain sensor and other data from a particular tag 10 only when the particular tag 10 is being addressed. In one embodiment, the tag 10 may be addressed by: (1) a unique ID (e.g., tag serial number); or (2) a temporary ID assigned by reader 12 during tag interrogation. Tag collection is described in more detail below.

Typically, once the tag data has been uploaded to the reader 12, the tag 50 is commanded to enter a sleep mode (e.g., a deep sleep mode) for a programmable period of time. Alternatively, the tag 50 may be programmed to return to the sleep mode once the tag is out of range of the reader 12 for a predetermined period of time. And entering a deep sleep mode to complete the tag inquiry dialogue. Thereafter, a new query session may begin.

Preferably, label 50 is cost-effective, uses low energy, and complies with FCC part 15(47 c.r.f. § 15). The maximum allowed power (in free space) without spreading is-1 dBM. The return link (i.e., tag to reader) has the capability to transmit on any of several available radio frequency channels. This provides the active tag 50 with a means for avoiding interference of the signal by interfering devices. In one embodiment, the tag 50 responds sequentially to the FLP on each different return link channel. In another embodiment, reader 12 monitors the return link channel and commands tags 50 to transmit on the channel with the least amount of interference. For Autonomous Transmission (AT), the tag 50 has the option of sending a Return Link Packet (RLP) on any or all of the return link channels.

In one embodiment, there are four return link channels. These channels are used to transmit data from the tag 50 to the reader 12 and/or from the reader 12 to the hub 14. A Return Link Packet (RLP) is sent sequentially on each channel. For example, if tag 50 responds to reader 12 having its serial number on channel 1, then tag 50 will then respond to the next read command on channel 2. If the reader 12 receives bad data from the tag, it will ignore the data and command the tag 50 to retransmit the data. The tag 50 will then retransmit the data on channel 3. If reader 12 determines that the received data is again corrupted, it will instruct tag 50 to retransmit the data. In one embodiment, the data retransmission will continue until the data has been sent five times (e.g., once per channel on channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 1, with the first channel trying twice). If the reader 12 has not received good data, it will stop transmitting to a particular tag 50 for a predetermined period of time.

Alternatively, reader 12 may monitor the four return link channels and determine which channel has the lowest Received Signal Strength (RSS), which indicates the channel with the least amount of noise and/or interference. Thus, the channel with the lowest RSS has the least signal interference. Thus, after the reader 12 determines which channel has the lowest RSS, it sends two bits of the Forward Link Packet (FLP) corresponding to the return link channel with the lowest RSS and instructs the tag 50 to send the return link packet on that channel. The duration of the interference signal can be expected to be of the order of a few seconds. Thus, reader 12 checks the clear return link channel every few seconds. Reader 12 tunes itself to receive the tag signal on the indicated return link channel and sends a null command (all zeros). The null command is broadcast to prevent any other tags from responding when reader 12 monitors the RSS level. The lowest RSS channel becomes the channel to which a particular tag 50 will be commanded to respond until another channel has been determined to have the lowest RSS. Also, the lowest RSS channel is selected because it is open and does not interfere with other transmissions. Each reader 12 has a Received Signal Strength (RSS) indicator that tells the reader 12 to attempt a tag 50 to respond. Reader 12 studies the received signal strength on its input return link channel. Reader 12 then sends a forward link packet on the channel with the lowest RSS, commanding tag 50 to respond and monitoring that channel for tag transmissions. Likewise, hub 14 may monitor the four return link channels, determine which channel has the lowest Received Signal Strength (RSS), and instruct reader 12 to transmit a return link packet on that channel.

During forward link communications, packets are sent from the central server 16 to the hub 14, from the hub 14 to the reader 12, or from the reader 12 to the tag 50. During the return link communication, packets are sent from the tag 50 to the reader 12, from the reader 12 to the hub 14, or from the hub 14 to the central server 16. The tag data is transferred in this manner from one device to the next (see fig. 4). Not all illustrated devices may be required in a system. For example, data may be sent directly from reader 12 to central server 16.

According to 47 c.r.f. § 15, with broadband transmission (i.e. frequency hopping), the maximum allowable power that can be radiated in the free space is +36dBM (without broadband transmission, the maximum allowable power in the free space is-1 dBM). In the forward link, the amount of transmitted power is measured near the tag. Some attenuation may be caused by transmission through the sign, and additional attenuation may occur due to interference from other signs, cars, and/or structures.

Fifty forward link channels were selected due in part to FCC portion 15(47 c.r.f. § 15), which FCC portion 15 designates as minimum; however, it is clear that this also allows the use of more than fifty channels in this spread spectrum system.

It is possible that both tags 50 wake up at the same time and both are within range of the reader antenna 22. If this happens, the result is interference, since the tag 50 may be responded to by the same message on the same return link channel. To identify and communicate with one of many tags within range, reader 12 transmits to a particular tag using an algorithm as described below, and/or by transmitting the tag's unique tag serial number or functional ID number.

The tag 50 includes a microprocessor 30 for controlling the operation of the tag 50. In one embodiment, microprocessor 30 includes two internal oscillators, internal RAM, internal ROM, and other standard features. To maximize battery life, two oscillators are desirable because they allow two different clock frequencies. Having two clocks allows the designer to minimize the use of high speed clocks (thereby saving battery power). The two oscillators may also be provided externally to the microprocessor.

The tag microprocessor 30 periodically wakes up from the deep sleep mode to the light sleep mode. In the light sleep mode, the microprocessor starts a low speed clock and determines whether it is time to enter the search mode by checking the search mode counter. The counter will indicate when the search mode is entered (e.g., the counter contains all zeros), or some other value. If it is not time to enter the search mode, the microprocessor adjusts the search mode counter (e.g., decrements the counter) and returns to the deep sleep mode.

Otherwise, the microprocessor enters a search mode and continues to utilize the low speed clock. The microprocessor determines whether it is time to perform a pre-discrimination, where the microprocessor determines whether the transmission is likely to be a Forward Link Packet (FLP). If the microprocessor determines that the transmission is likely to be an FLP, it enters the inquiry mode. Otherwise, the microprocessor determines whether it is time to perform an Autonomous Transmission (AT) by checking an AT counter. If it is not time for the AT, the microprocessor adjusts the AT counter (e.g., decrements the counter) and returns to the deep sleep mode. Otherwise, microprocessor 30 wakes up to the interrogation mode, starts the high speed clock, and executes the AT (i.e., it sends the most recently stored sensor data to reader 12).

An EEPROM may be used to store tag history data. The history data is periodically written from the microprocessor RAM to the EEPROM. The EEPROM is a nonvolatile memory; thus, it does not require power to maintain its information and can be turned off to conserve battery power.

In the interrogation mode, the tag 50 may receive and transmit data. After entering the interrogation mode, the microprocessor starts the high speed clock, checks at least a portion of the FLP, turns on the tag transmitter if the portion indicates that the transmission appears to be a valid FLP, and then reads the remaining FLP to determine if the CRC is valid. If the FLP contains a valid CRC, then the tag 50 responds to the FLP. In one embodiment, the tag transmitter is designed to transmit on several different channels. Only one of the channels is normally used during any single RLP transmission. After completing the interrogation mode, the microprocessor turns off the tag component and resumes the deep sleep mode.

In summary, in search mode, tag 50 performs a pre-discrimination to determine whether the transmission is likely an FLP from reader 12. If the microprocessor 30 determines that the transmission is likely to be an FLP, it enters the inquiry mode. Otherwise, the tag 50 enters the deep sleep mode again for a predetermined period of time. In the interrogation mode, the transmission is verified as a valid FLP and the required tag data stored in the tag 50 is sent to the reader 12.

The return link channel used by the tag 50 for transmission can be determined in a number of ways. The tag may select the return link channel sequentially (i.e., using a different return link channel for each RLP). Alternatively, reader 12 may command tag 50 to use a dedicated channel. One way to determine the optimal return link channel is to have reader 12 send a null command that results in tag 50 not sending. This allows reader 12 to determine the Received Signal Strength (RSS) on each of the four return link channels. Thereafter, reader 12 commands tag 50 to send its response back on the return link channel with the lowest signal strength (i.e., the least amount of noise/interference).

In one embodiment, the tag periodically wakes up from a deep sleep mode to a light sleep mode to determine if it is time to enter the search mode by sampling the zero values (all zeros) of the search mode counter. If the counter contains all zeros, then the tag 50 enters the search mode. In the search mode, the tag 50 tests for the presence of forward link packets. If the transmission is likely to be an FLP, then the tag 50 enters an interrogation mode where it verifies that the FLP is valid and, if so, responds thereto. The process of reading a valid FLP continues until the interrogation is completed. The tag 50 then returns to the deep sleep mode.

When no tag 50 is within range of reader 12, there is clearly no response to the reader interrogation. However, when a tag 50 comes within the field of view of reader 12, one way to detect and identify a particular tag 50 is to use an appropriate algorithm to identify one from a plurality of tags. Such algorithms are known in the art. The algorithm may identify the tag by an identification number, such as a tag serial number. Another way to identify a particular tag 50 is by means of a temporary ID number (valid only within one interrogation session). The identifier of the bronze drum temporary ID may be used in instances where rapid acquisition of tag data is required.

In one embodiment, the tags 50 may be identified by their factory-coded serial numbers (which are unique to each tag), or by temporary ID numbers (short numbers used to identify the tags only at specific interrogation sessions). In another embodiment, reader 12 sends a query signal and monitors the Received Signal Strength (RSS) level of the return link signal to determine if any tags 50 are within range. If the RSS level indicates that one (and only one) tag is within range of the reader, a query signal is sent requesting tag data.

Referring to FIG. 7, hub 14 receives data from readers 12H and 12F and issues commands to these readers. This data is transmitted via a communication channel 20, such as a wireless link. This data is sent to the central server 16 via another communication channel 32 such as a telephone line. In one embodiment, a temporary ID is assigned to a particular tag 50 so that reader 12 can distinguish signals from tag 50 from signals from other tags. Once a temporary ID has been specified, the tag 50 will only respond to commands that specifically identify that particular temporary ID. While in FLP range, tag 50 will remain acquired from reader 12. Once the tag 50 is out of range, it will go into sleep mode after a predetermined period of time. Alternatively, reader 12 will typically command tag 50 to enter a deep sleep mode whenever the interrogation mode is completed.

Once the tag 50 has been unambiguously identified (acquired), the reader 12 interrogates the tag 50 by sending a command signal requesting tag data. The tag data may include a tag identification number, a label status (delivered, displayed), and time and date information. This data may be received by the reader 12, transmitted to the hub 14 and periodically transmitted to the central server 16.

In one embodiment, tag 50 and reader 12 perform their receive/transmit functions in accordance with a particular command/response protocol. Once reader 12 has successfully obtained all of the required tag data, it typically issues a command signal to set tag 50 into a deep sleep mode. In one embodiment, the deep sleep mode is designed to last long enough to ensure that the tag does not wake up again while other tags are being interrogated. By correlating tag data from a particular tag with the tag's serial number, erroneous double reads of the same tag can be avoided, even if the tag will wake up again. Typically, once the initial tag 50 is placed in the deep sleep mode, the system will then read the next tag 50, which may be on an adjacent sign.

The tag 50 is in the deep sleep mode for a predetermined period of time. The tag 50 then wakes up to the light sleep mode for a few milliseconds to determine if it is time to enter the search mode (by checking a counter), and if it is not time, the tag 50 resumes the deep sleep mode. At some point, the tag 50 enters a search mode (using a low speed clock). If a transmission is received that may be an FLP, the tag enters an interrogation mode (using a high speed clock) where the FLP is read and acknowledged. However, if the transmission is not FLP, the tag 50 remains in search mode and determines if it is time to perform an Autonomous Transmission (AT), and if not, returns to deep sleep mode for a programmable period of time.

The tag data from the tag 10 may be accessed via a central server 16, the server 16 typically including a keyboard for user input data and a display for outputting data to the user. The display provides tag data to a user. This data is archived in the central server 16. The central server 16 also provides a LAN or Web interface to the system for providing tag data to remote users (such as CSRs) and allowing the remote users to analyze the tag data or enter user-defined data, such as the retail store that is displaying the sign, the fulfillment history of the retail store, and so forth.

Although the embodiment illustrated in fig. 7 shows a central server 16 in communication with the hub 14, these components may be a single unit or, alternatively, separated by a long distance. The configuration of the components is driven by the implementation in which they are to be used, rather than by the system requirements.

In addition, the reader 12, hub 14, and central server 16 may be two or more separate units and data may be transmitted between these units using a request/response protocol (where, for example, the central server requests data from the hub) or using a push protocol (where, for example, the hub periodically transmits data to the central server 16 without the central server 16 requesting such data).

In the normal operating mode, the system uses a wireless protocol with a command/response architecture. Reader 12 sends Forward Link Packets (FLPs) at periodic intervals and listens for a Return Link Packet (RLP) from tag 50 between FLPs at a given time. Tag 50 is periodically woken up and held long enough so that it does not miss the FLP from reader 12.

The deep sleep mode uses a watchdog clock (WDT) to determine when to wake up. During the deep sleep mode, the microprocessor does not run and stops all clocks. Thus, only the lowest amount of power is consumed in the deep sleep mode. When the WDT times out, the microprocessor is enabled to be in its low speed clock mode (referred to as a light sleep mode), where the tag determines if it is time to enter the search mode. The light sleep mode and the search mode may be combined into a single mode.

In the search mode, the tag 50 uses a low speed clock and searches for transmissions that may be FLPs. After detecting that transmission of the FLP is exhibited, the tag enters an interrogation mode, starts a high speed clock, verifies the presence of a valid FLP, and responds thereto. The sleep mode used in the communication protocol saves battery power because the tag 50 is only turned on in response to a valid FLP.

A novel advertisement fulfillment system has been disclosed that includes a tag 10, the tag 10 being attached to a sign 46. Active tag 50 includes a microprocessor 30 for storing tag data and communicating with reader 12. The tag 50 wakes up periodically to search for the likely FLP. If one is detected, the tag further wakes up, verifies that the transmission is a valid FLP, and if so, responds to the FLP command. When tag 50 receives a valid command from reader 12, it transmits responsive data via one or more RLPs. Typically, reader 12 first interrogates tag 50 for its serial number (or assigns a temporary ID). The reader 12 then requests the tag data stored in the tag memory. Tag 50 then transmits the responding RLP to reader 12. After completing the interrogation mode, the tag 50 resumes the deep sleep mode.

In one embodiment, the system includes an RFGD tag for sending parameters relating to expected location, content, sponsor, purpose, and the like. The RFID signal sent to the reader contains some or all of the following information:

omicron a unique 32-bit tag identifier (which can be written to the tag at the time of production or shipment of the marketing material, or pre-programmed by the tag manufacturer)

Product number in "stub" (stub) format:

POP initiator (4 characters)

Propaganda number (5 characters)

Start date (3 characters)

Classification (3 characters)

Subclass (2 characters)

Label type (3 character)

Label placement (3 character)

Validity period (3 characters)

Price point (4 characters)

"Per"/rejection conditions (3 characters)

Date of omicron generation (3 characters)

Omicron sign maker ID (3 characters)

Omicron retail store ID (5 characters)

In one embodiment, the system includes an outdoor reader for receiving tag data and transmitting the tag data, a reader ID, and battery status information. Such readers may be housed in a tamper-resistant package that is securely mounted to the sign hardware (e.g., plastic, painted/galvanized steel, or bare (bare)/anodized aluminum). The reader may be removed by authorized personnel for remote repair. In another embodiment, the reader is encased in a tamper-resistant packaging that can be securely mounted to glass or painted/plated/anodized metal.

In one embodiment, when the reader is polled by the hub, the reader reads and transmits information from the RFID tag.

In one embodiment, the RDIF data may include some or all of the following information:

omicron Transponder ID (6 character, alphanumeric)

Battery state (1 character, alphanumeric)

O. trouble light state (1 character, alphanumeric)

Omicron RFID resource tag information (110 characters, alphanumeric)

In one embodiment, the system includes an indoor reader for receiving tag data and transmitting the tag data, a reader ID, and battery status information. Such readers may be packaged in a tamper-resistant package that is securely mounted to the sign hardware (e.g., plastic, painted/galvanized steel, or bare/anodized aluminum). The reader may be removed by authorized personnel for remote repair. In another embodiment, the reader is encased in a tamper-resistant packaging that can be securely mounted to glass or painted/plated/anodized metal.

In one embodiment, the system includes a hub for polling readers, displaying problem conditions/solutions, polling local telephone lines, logging into a central server, reporting signage information, and fault conditions. Such hubs may be removable, with a rubber "foot" for stability.

In one embodiment, the hub may include some or all of the following features:

automatic bootstrap in power-on/reboot

Omicron remote versioning/update & POP management

Nonvolatile RAM for program & data storage

O "register" the number of transceivers and the ID/frequency/location of each of them

-finding and registering for each transponder a frequency that is free of interference

O when the signal is weak, repetitive interference occurs in all channels, no signal, or a wrong sign is set in the sign hardware, turn on the faulty light of the specific reader.

Ignore determine/all readers when commanded by the host

Tracking time

O "poll" each reader and store its resource information periodically (e.g., every 4 hours)

O comparing current and previous resource registrations

Storing 2 toll-free telephone numbers

Testing state of telephone line and dialing, if not successful, dialing alternative number

Performing modem "handshake" with a central server "

Hub data to the central server may include some or all of the following:

time stamp

Hub ID

Change or addition of transceiver position

Expected number of transceiver signals

Number of transceiver reports

"checksum" stamp from last hub/server connection

Current RFID resource information for each transceiver

Faulty lamp status per transceiver

POP plan information for the next 24 hours

Hub program update

New "checksum" imprint from hub/server connection

In one embodiment, the system includes a central server for coordinating hub polling, consolidating POP plan information, collecting and reporting signage pattern structures for each retail location. In one embodiment, the central server manages the POP plan for all registered signage and provides status reports for all venues and plans, while sending to the call center customer service representative.

In one embodiment, the system includes an RFID writer for writing data to an RFID tag to be attached to a signage design during the packaging/shipping process. The RFID writer may include a handheld reader 12. The data written to the tag may include parameters for a particular POP plan (from the central server) and/or the location of the participating plans. The RFID writer may also register resources with a central server and/or a pricing/billing system.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made in the invention according to various embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Other elements, steps, methods and techniques that are entirely different from those described herein are within the scope of the invention. Thus, the scope of the invention should not be limited by the particular embodiments described herein, but should be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (44)

1. A system for monitoring ad plan fulfillment, comprising:

a label attached to the label;

a reader for communicating with the tag and obtaining tag data; and

a computer for communicating with the reader and analyzing the tag data to determine whether the store is fulfilling a particular advertising program.

2. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer determines whether an advertisement complies with a particular advertising plan.

3. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer determines whether the displayed price meets a particular advertising program.

4. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer determines the number of consumers who pass the reader range.

5. The system of claim 12, wherein the signage is selected from the group consisting of marketing materials, displays, pricing information, coupon dispensers, signage, display stands, floor mats, counters, containers, promotional hardware, shopper identification cards, seasonal promotions, and products.

6. The system of claim 12, wherein the tag includes a memory for storing tag data, a transmitter and a receiver.

7. The system of claim 12, wherein the tag is a passive tag.

8. The system of claim 18, wherein the passive tag is used to determine a specific location of a particular advertisement.

9. The system of claim 12, wherein the tag is a contact tag.

10. The system of claim 20, wherein the contact tag determines a specific location of a particular advertisement.

11. The system of claim 12, wherein the reader communicates with the tag via physical contact with the tag.

12. The system of claim 12, wherein the reader communicates with the tag via an optical link.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the reader communicates with the tag via magnetic ink.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein the tag is an active tag.

15. The system of claim 25, wherein the active tag uses a sleep mode to conserve power.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein the reader communicates with the tag when the tag is within range of the reader.

17. The system of claim 12, wherein the tag transmits tag data to the reader in response to an interrogation signal.

18. The system of claim 12, wherein the tag automatically sends tag data to the reader periodically.

19. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer communicates with the reader via a wireless link.

20. The system of claim 12, wherein the reader communicates with the tag via a wireless communication link.

21. The system of claim 12, wherein the reader comprises a switch for switching the tag between different power saving modes.

22. The system of claim 12, wherein the tag data includes a tag identification code, status data, and time and date information.

23. The system of claim 12, wherein each reader includes a data management module capable of reading tag data from different types of tags.

24. The system of claim 34, wherein the data management module converts the tag data into a standard data stream and transmits the standard data stream to the computer.

25. The system of claim 12, wherein the reader comprises an interchangeable data management module.

26. The system of claim 36, wherein each interchangeable data management module is adapted to receive tag data from a particular type of tag.

27. A system for monitoring consumer exposure to a particular advertisement, comprising:

a label;

a card having an RFID tag embedded therein;

a reader disposed adjacent to the sign for obtaining the RFID tag and communicating with the RFID tag; and

a computer for communicating with the reader to determine the number of passing consumers within range of the reader.

28. The system of claim 38, wherein the reader receives tag data via a wireless communication link.

29. The system of claim 39, wherein the tag data includes information about the consumer.

30. The system of claim 39, wherein the computer analyzes the tag data to determine which consumers passed within range of the reader.

31. The system of claim 38, further comprising a display device for signaling when the reader has detected a card.

32. The system of claim 42, wherein the display device illuminates bright light.

33. The system of claim 42, wherein the display device displays a message.

34. The system of claim 38, wherein the reader obtains an RFID tag when the card is within range of the reader.

35. A system for reporting a price associated with a product, comprising:

a sign comprising a price, the price comprising one or more digits;

a contact tag associated with each of the one or more digits of the price;

a contact reader associated with each contact tag, each contact reader monitoring each digit of the price; and

a group reader for communicating with each contact reader and with a remote computer, the group reader transmitting tag data to the remote computer displaying a price associated with the sign.

36. The system of claim 46, wherein the group reader transmits the tag data to a remote computer representing the location of the sign.

37. The system of claim 46, wherein the group reader transmits the tag data to a remote computer indicating the presence of the tag.

38. The system of claim 46, wherein each contact reader comprises a data management module.

39. The system of claim 49, wherein the data management module converts the data stream from the touch tag into a standard data stream.

40. The system of claim 46, wherein the contact reader comprises an interchangeable data management module.

41. The system of claim 51, wherein each interchangeable data management module is adapted to receive a data stream from a particular type of tag.

42. The system of claim 46, wherein the contact reader comprises a small set of contacts for stimulating one or more contact tags and receiving data from each contact tag.

43. The system of claim 53, wherein contacting is achieved using optical, notch, or magnetic ink techniques.

44. The system of claim 46, wherein contacting the labels is accomplished using optical, notch, or magnetic ink techniques.