HK1073284B - Ship with composite structure - Google Patents

Description

Ship with mixed structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to a ship, the supporting structure of which is formed by spatial truss girders, and in which the studs connect a bottom flange and an upper flange in a bending, shearing and torsion-resistant manner, wherein the bottom flange is formed either separately or by an integral submerged hull. The whole structure is independent, it has an auxiliary support structure in the skeleton structure, the skeleton structure is composed of support, traction rod and lattice deck support, the auxiliary support structure transmits the load to the main space truss girder. The entire structure is essentially independent of the overall supporting action of the truss beams in the skeletal structure and is essentially subjected only to the action of the dead weight, the transported weight and the dynamic loads.

Background

DE3618851C2 discloses a floating structure in which a planar floating body is provided, which consists of supporting elements for supporting the cover and walls thereof. The support structure proposed here cannot be used as a truss beam with spaces for the upper and lower flanges, since it does not involve a vessel. The concept of system separation between the main support structure and one auxiliary structure is not disclosed here either.

In patent document 443599 on 5/3/1927, a hull construction is disclosed which consists of support sheeting with additional diagonal connections in the region of the outer wall of the ship. The concept of a space truss girder, in which no studs are included, to join a lower flange and an upper flange to each other in bending, shearing and torsion resistance, is not mentioned here.

Disclosure of Invention

Starting from the described prior art, two objects of the invention are presented.

Firstly, the bearing capacity, the rigidity and the service life of a hull structure are improved. It is therefore proposed that the hull be formed by a space truss girder, the upper and lower flanges of which have a distance as large as possible, so that the largest internal lever arm is available for the bending stresses to which they are subjected. Due to the concentration of the structural mass in the region of the upper and lower flanges, the mass distribution of the hull cross section is optimally adapted to the bending stresses prevailing in cargo and passenger ships. The web region of the support which is subjected to less stress is formed as a frame sheet or a truss sheet in the longitudinal direction of the ship. For the channel-shaped cross section, these frame or truss sheets are located in the area of the ship's side and are visible from the outside or as structural parts set back behind the ship's side and are not visible from the outside. The necessary torsional rigidity of the hull structure is ensured by the frame or truss plates arranged transversely to the direction of travel. The hold between the upper and lower flanges provides the highest degree of flexibility to the structure independent of the supporting action.

A structure consisting of a plurality of bars (compression bars and tension bars) is called a truss structure, the bars being connected to each other at locations called nodes in such a way that a triangle is created which cannot move. The rods can be connected to each other in a hinge-proof and flexurally rigid manner by means of structural constraints and a torsion-proof channel is produced in the three-dimensional truss structure. A few of the rods of the truss structure are divided into outer chords and inner embedded rods. The outer chord constitutes the outline of the truss structure and is divided into an upper chord extending at the upper side of the truss structure and a lower chord extending at the lower side of the truss structure. The embedded pole extends between the upper chord and the lower chord. The oblique bars are referred to as diagonal or diagonal braces and the bars extending vertically between the upper and lower flanges are referred to as columns or pillars. The bending stresses in the truss structure are mainly resolved into a compressive and a tensile stress in the chord, which optimizes the material losses. The web of the overall cross-section is taken over by the insert rod.

A second object of the present invention is to significantly reduce the weight thereof in the construction by adopting a lightweight construction, thereby reducing the costs of the entire operating cycle from the manufacturing and operating costs to the disassembly. For a cruise ship, for example, the maximum flexibility provided by its structure will meet the customer's requirements in an optimal manner. In this way, it is possible to change the division of the plan layout without weakening the hull support. In addition to this, the living qualities offered by the dwelling rooms are hitherto unknown, the large flat sides of ships being glazed, the balconies being situated at the front and being able to pass through the public greenhouse, under unfavourable external conditions, to obtain a pleasant indoor environment. The entire deck, all longitudinal and transverse walls and the outboard side of the upper part of the freeboard are essentially independent of the overall supporting action and can be formed as an independent, optimally functioning system structure. Within the scope of the invention, the lobby, auditorium and greenhouse for the deck extension of the cruise ship can be integrated into the space defined by the support structure as desired. Above the waterline, the outer board can be opened over a large area. The greatest possible freedom is available with regard to the choice of shaping and materials. As for the structure itself of the ship, a method of processing the proposed structure is to connect the structures to each other by welding or screwing in the case of large prefabricated formworks. Due to the further connection of the structure thereof by the bracket, the swinging and vibration caused by the marine propeller is reduced. The quality of the accommodation of the crew and passengers in the cabin will thus be substantially improved. The material used for the primary support structure is steel. The rod-shaped carrier element comprises a rolled or hollow profile, which is connected or welded to the lower flange and the upper flange by means of screws. The embedded bar can also be composed of three or four chords, so that the embedded bar itself forms a detachable truss beam. The truss structure between the upper and lower flanges is formed according to the distribution of forces. In addition to the uninterrupted bracing between the hull and the upper plate of the underwater ship, it is conceivable to have a fine truss structure, which is formed by a plurality of rods arranged next to one another and overlapping one another, so that the longitudinally and transversely arranged truss sheets can themselves be broken down into shear-resistant and torsion-resistant multi-chord truss sheets. An alternative economical embodiment is to form a composite hull made of steel and concrete for use in an underwater hull. For example, in the case of a container ship, the force is effectively concentrated on the truss girder in a space, and the single support part is preferably subjected to only vertical stress. Today's welding technology allows working of metal sheets up to 60mm thick, so that inside the corresponding box-shaped cross section forces of more than 100 million newtons can be concentrated on the bars of the truss beam. In particular, welded or cast joints can withstand these large vertical forces. For this underwater hull constructed according to the principles of hydrodynamics this means that part of the supporting effect is relieved so that the sheets of the hull can be unloaded, except for the double bottom, which is the lower flange of the truss girder of the invention to share the load. As large rigid shell structures, they transmit the pressure of water to the nodes or chords of the truss framework. The entire hull longitudinal and transverse walls of indeterminate relationship can be joined by light structural parts, for example by laser welded steel sandwich elements. Within the scope of the invention, the part of the lattice girder of the space can also be arranged above the load deck, so that the rigidity of the hull structure can be greatly increased. Space truss girders with a cruciform cross-section, or multi-chord triangular truss girders, extend in the hull from bow to stern, are almost entirely detached from the curved hull, and are joined thereto only at the keel line and the upper edge of the outer board. The chords of the truss are in this position, in which the force generated by the water pressure is transmitted by the transverse pressure. The cargo ship of the invention can be manufactured easily and quickly and is therefore overall more economical than conventional solutions.

To this end, the invention provides a vessel with a hull structure having at least a support structure, a support and an underwater hull formed according to hydrodynamic principles, wherein the support structure has a spatial truss girder with a top flange, a bottom flange and studs, characterized in that the support is configured for transferring support loads into the spatial truss girder and is independent of the overall supporting function.

The hull structure has a space truss girder, wherein the underwater hull formed according to the fluid dynamics principle at least partially forms the lower flange and the insert rods to form longitudinally and transversely arranged truss or frame sheets which combine the underwater hull with the upper flange formed by the chord, the frame or the truss sheet or a beam plate in a bending, shearing and torsion resistant manner.

Drawings

The invention is described in detail with the aid of different embodiments which are schematically represented in the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a container ship of the invention, in which the truss beams of the space are formed in a cross-shaped cross-section;

fig. 2 is a schematic top view showing the container ship according to the invention of fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the container ship of the present invention, viewed in the direction of arrow III of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a cruise vessel according to the invention with a deck construction, seen in the direction of arrow IV in fig. 7;

FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal view of the cruise vessel of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cruise vessel of FIG. 4, as seen in the direction of arrow VI of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cruise vessel of FIG. 4, as seen in the direction of arrow VII of FIG. 4;

fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a container ship according to the present invention, in which the truss girder of the space has a triangular tubular cross section;

FIG. 9 is a schematic top plan view of the container ship of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the container ship of FIG. 8, viewed in the direction of arrow X of FIG. 8;

fig. 11 is a schematic plan view showing a cruise vessel according to the invention with a round deck configuration, seen in the direction of arrow XI of fig. 13;

FIG. 12 is a schematic longitudinal view of the cruise vessel according to the present invention of FIG. 11, seen in the direction of arrow XII of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cruise vessel according to the invention of FIG. 11, seen in the direction of arrow XIII of FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a midsection of a hull structure with frame sheets in the outboard region, according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a mid-section of the hull structure of FIG. 15;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a midsection of a hull structure according to the present invention with truss sheets in the outboard region;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a mid-section of the hull structure of FIG. 16 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing a midsection of a hull structure with truss sheets in the longitudinal and transverse directions in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a mid-section of the hull structure of FIG. 18 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the forward section of the hull structure of FIG. 16 with a moving longitudinal and transverse truss connection coaxial with the keel line in the direction of travel and a reinforced mid-deck according to the invention;

figure 21 is a cross-sectional view showing the forward section of the hull structure of figure 20 according to the invention.

Detailed Description

In the figures different arrangements of hull structures according to the invention are shown for cargo and passenger vessels.

Fig. 1-3 show a container ship according to the invention, in which the lower flange 11 is formed by a double bottom 111. The underwater hull 113 is directly connected to the upper flange 10 at the keel line by means of the embedded bars 12, the upper flange 10 being formed by a rectangular flange bar 100. A reinforced deck 14 formed of flat frame sheets 140 is combined with longitudinally disposed truss sheets 123 and an underwater hull 113. A movable bridge 23 serves as a lifting support and is supported on the flange strip 100 by means of rollers. The container ship is characterized in that the rigidity of the ship body is high and the bearing capacity is improved. The support 2 of the cargo space 223 with longitudinal and transverse walls 211, 212 is substantially independent of the overall supporting effect. The side 210 is composed of transverse beams and reinforces the space truss girder 1 of the cross-shaped cross-section 131.

Fig. 4-7 show a cruise vessel according to the invention, in which the whole submerged hull 113 is shown, comprising all longitudinal bulkheads, transverse bulkheads and intermediate deck, not shown in detail, the lower flanges 11 of the spatial truss girders 1. The upper flange 10 of the space truss girder 1 is formed by a truss sheet 102 lying flat. The insert rods 12 form an assembly of longitudinal and transverse upright truss webs 123, 124, by means of which the top flange 10 and the bottom flange 11 are joined to one another in a bending, shearing and torsion-resistant manner. The rectangular tubular cross-section 130 provides the stent 2 with the highest degree of flexibility. The frame 2 of the cruise ship has a dwelling 220 whose light entry surface is enlarged by a lobby 221 that protrudes into the outboard wall 210. The upper part of the freeboard of the ship board 210 can be completely glazed, so that the outer ship wall 210 is made of a stainless material for the most part.

Fig. 8-10 show a container ship according to the invention, in which the double bottom 111 constitutes the lower flange 11 of a space truss girder 1. The truss girder 1 has a triangular cross-section and is formed by an integral tube cross-section 132 of two three-chord (dreigurtigen) support structures. The upper flange 10 consists of three flange bars extending from the bow to the stern, said bars being connected to a flat-lying frame plate 101, while the lower flange 11 consists of a hull of a double bottom 111. The insert rods 12 of the space truss girder 1 are disposed such that the cargo space 223 is reserved. The concentration of forces on the upper and lower flanges 10, 11, which are held at a distance against bending, shearing and torsion by the relatively light studs 12, makes it possible to reduce the sheet metal thickness to such an extent that steel can be replaced in all panel-reinforced structural groups, such as the hull structure 210, the longitudinal walls 211 and the transverse walls 212 of the support.

Fig. 11-13 show a cruise ship according to the invention with a circular deck support. Two vertically placed truss sheets 123 connect the lower flange 11 to the upper flange 10 on the left and right sides of the keel line and provide a longitudinal central corridor for access to the dwelling 220. A reinforced intermediate deck 14 is formed from a flat truss sheet 141 and reinforces the longitudinally arranged truss sheets 123. The entire hull structure 110 of the submerged hull 113 serves as the lower flange 11 of the truss beam 1. A dwelling tower disposed at an upper portion of the freeboard has a side 210, which is mainly formed of glass and has a balcony at the front.

Fig. 14, 15 show the middle part of a cruise ship according to the invention. The underwater hull 113 is joined to the upper flange 10 by longitudinally and transversely arranged frame sheets 121, 122 and constitutes a spatial truss girder 1. The upper flange 10 is formed by ribs 103, and the entire underwater hull 113 comprises the hull structure 110 of the double bottom 111 and longitudinal bulkheads, transverse bulkheads and the middle deck, not shown in detail, can be considered as the lower flange 11. The upper plate 202 is suspended from the upper cross beam plate 103 by means of tie rods 201, and the lower plate 202 is supported by the bracket 200.

Fig. 16, 17 show the middle part of the cruise ship according to the invention. The underwater hull 113 is connected to the upper flange 10 in the region of the outboard wall 212 by means of the embedded bars 12. The insert rod 12 is made of a steel box bracket 151 and is reinforced in the longitudinal and transverse directions by a pull diagonal 150. At the connection 120 of the connection points, the pulling rope 150 is connected to the box bracket 151 by means of the upper end of the cross rope. The ropes can be optionally turned around to pass from one cell to the next. Most unnatural rope grips are subjected to different forces in this case. By means of the rope bias produced by means of hydraulic action, the entire hull structure can be pre-tensioned, so that the box brackets 151 are subjected to compressive stress. In this way the deformation of the hull remains very small. The dwelling 220 is arranged in discrete units transverse to the direction of travel so that light can be secured in all of the compartments and cabins. The upper flange 10 is formed by a rib 103 and the lower flange 11 comprises the entire submerged hull 113, which is formed by longitudinal bulkheads, transverse bulkheads and intermediate decks. The upper plate 202 is suspended by means of the tie rods 201 from the ribs 103 forming the upper plate, while the lower plate 202 is supported by the support 200 on the double bottom of the underwater hull 113.

Fig. 18, 19 show the middle part of a cruise ship according to the invention. The underwater hull 113 is connected to the upper flange 10 by means of a shank 12, which is located inside the vessel. Two truss sheets 123 arranged substantially parallel in the longitudinal direction divide the hull into three parts in the longitudinal direction. The middle section is reinforced by the upright truss sheets arranged at a distance in the transverse direction 122. By means of the ribs arranged longitudinally and transversely, the forces are transmitted to the lower flange 11 formed by the underwater hull 113 and to the upper flange 10 formed by a conventional rib 103. The upper and lower flanges 10, 11 are both web plates 104, 112 made of steel and concrete. The upper part of the plate 202 is suspended from the web 104 of the upper flange 10 by means of tie rods 201 and the lower half of the intermediate deck 202 is supported on the bottom 111 by the support 200.

Fig. 20 and 21 show the front part of the cruise ship according to the present invention. The underwater hull 113 is connected to the upper flange 10 by means of the embedded rods 12. A longitudinally arranged upright truss web 123 connects the underwater hull 113 directly to the upper plate which forms the upper flange 10 of the space truss girder 1 as a rib 103. A flat truss web 141 forms a reinforced intermediate deck 14 at the level of the freeboard. The lower flange 11 is formed by the entire submerged hull 113, which comprises longitudinal bulkheads, transverse bulkheads and intermediate decks. The support frame 2 above the freeboard is essentially independent of the overall support and includes a glazed gunboard 210 and seven dwelling decks 202.

List of reference numerals

Space truss girder 1

Upper flange 10

Flange rod 100

Flat frame sheet 101

Truss sheet 102 lying flat

Rib 103

Connecting plate 104

Lower flange 11

Hull construction 110 for an underwater hull

Double bottom 111

Connecting guard plate 112

Full submerged hull 113

Embedded rod 12

Connecting piece 120 of connecting point

Longitudinally erected frame sheet 121

Transversely erected frame sheet 122

Longitudinally erected truss sheet 123

Transversely erected truss sheet 124

Multi-chord cross-section 13

Rectangular channel 130

Cross-shaped cross-section 131

Integral tube cross-section 132

Reinforced deck 14

Flat frame sheet 140

Flat truss sheet 141

Rod-shaped support element 15

Traction diagonal 150

Box section 151

Circular tube cross section 152

Non-supporting support 2

Bearing surface 20 of skeleton structure

Support 200

Support drawbar 201

Support plate 202

Support wall 21

Support vessel 210

Longitudinal wall 211 of the stent

Bracket transverse wall 212

Support cabin 22

Dwelling 220

Lobby 221

Transverse opening 222

Cargo tank 223

Movable bridge 23

Claims (32)

1. A ship with a hull structure having at least a support structure (1), a cradle (2) and an underwater hull (113) formed according to the principles of fluid dynamics, wherein the support structure (1) has a spatial truss girder (1) with an upper flange (10), a lower flange (11) and studs (12), characterized in that the cradle (2) is configured to transfer cradle loads into the spatial truss girder (1) and is independent of the overall supporting action.

2. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the studs (12) keep the upper flange (10) and the lower flange (11) at a distance from and connected to each other against bending, shearing and torsion.

3. Vessel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the frame (2) has longitudinal walls (211), transverse walls (212), side panels (210) and frame plates (202).

4. A ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the ship has a hold (223).

5. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the spatial truss girder (1) has a multi-chord cross section (13).

6. Vessel according to claim 5, wherein the spatial truss girder (1) has a rectangular cross section (130).

7. Vessel according to claim 5, wherein the truss girder (1) of the space has a cross-shaped cross-section (131).

8. Vessel according to one of the claims 5 to 7, wherein the space truss girder (1) has an integrally formed passage cross section (132).

9. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the truss girder (1) of the space has at least one reinforced deck (14).

10. Vessel according to claim 9, characterized in that the reinforced deck (14) has a flat-lying frame sheet (140).

11. Vessel according to claim 9, characterized in that the reinforced deck (14) has a flat-lying truss web (141).

12. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the truss girder (1) of the space cooperates with the hydrodynamic configuration of the submerged hull (113) by means of a polygon.

13. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper flange (10) of the space truss girder (1) has a flange bar (100), a lying framework slab (101), a lying truss slab (102), a rib plate (103), a steel or concrete web (104).

14. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower flange of the space truss girder (1) has a hull structure of an underwater hull (110), a double bottom (111), a steel or concrete connection plate (112) or the whole underwater hull (113) including all the longitudinal and transverse bulkheads and a middle deck.

15. Vessel according to claim 1, wherein the embedded bars (12) are formed from longitudinally arranged frame sheets (121) or longitudinally arranged truss sheets (123).

16. Vessel according to claim 15, wherein the studs (12) connect the submerged hull (113) to the upper flange (10) at keel lines.

17. Vessel according to claim 15, characterised in that the studs (12) join the submerged hull (113) directly to the upper flange (10) on the left and right sides of the keel line or on an outboard plane.

18. Vessel according to claim 1, wherein the bracing is connected to the upper flange (10) and the lower flange (11) in an articulated or flexurally rigid manner by means of a connecting element (120) of the connecting point.

19. Vessel according to claim 1, wherein the shank (12) has a rod-shaped support element (15) with a box-shaped cross section (151), a circular hollow cross section (152) or a circular channel cross section (152).

20. Vessel according to claim 19, wherein the rod-shaped support element (15) has an inner transverse bulkhead with a climbable through opening.

21. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the embedded bar (12) has pure traction bars (150).

22. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the cradle (2) has an auxiliary support structure in the skeleton structure (20) with a cradle (200), a cradle drawbar (201) and a cradle plate (202).

23. Vessel according to claim 22, wherein the support (200) is arranged upright on the double bottom (111) and the support drawbar (201) is suspended on the upper flange (10).

24. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (2) has planar elements which constitute a part of the outboard (210) or the longitudinal (211) and transverse (212) walls.

25. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that its longitudinal axis extends in the direction of travel, the frame (2) comprising a passenger vessel space planned according to a dwelling (220), hall (221), light effect opening (222) or similar, wherein the elements of the space plan open the hull transversely to the longitudinal axis.

26. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the support frame (2) has a plurality of residential areas or residential towers, which towers each see light and each have a separate internal guide system with steps or elevators.

27. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a board (210), the upper part of the board being a support wall (21), all glazed or separated by a composite dado panel made of light, non-rust material.

28. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the vessel has a bracing plate (202) comprising light steel truss girders with trapezoidal sheet metal and forming an installation space between the floor and the suspended deck.

29. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the vessel has frame walls (211, 212), which frame walls (211, 212) have light metal upright walls with a two-sided outer shell made of plasterboard.

30. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a vessel side (210), support longitudinal walls (211) and support transverse walls (212) with laser welded steel sandwich elements or light composite plates.

31. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the underwater hull (113) has longitudinal bulkheads or transverse bulkheads, which are used as tensile stress sheets in the truss cells formed by the studs (12).

32. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (2) has a movable bridge (23) for the hold arranged on the upper flange.