HK1070915B - Nanometer particle fuel oil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Nano-particle fuel oil and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a fuel oil, in particular a fuel oil consisting essentially of nanoparticles, and to a method for preparing such a fuel oil.

Background

The molecules in various conventional fuel oils are present in the form of molecular clusters. Each cluster is composed of tens to tens of thousands of molecules, forming particles having diameters of more than tens to hundreds of nanometers. Such large molecular groups deteriorate fuel atomization. When fuel oil is combusted, molecular groups are difficult to be combusted completely at the moment, and particularly the fuel oil cannot be combusted completely due to the limitation of conditions at the moment of explosion in an engine cylinder. Thus, the thermal engine efficiency of fuel oil on internal combustion engines does not exceed about 38%, with significant thermal and chemical pollution.

Various methods for increasing the degree of combustion of fuel oils have long been sought. One such method is to add various additives to the fuel oil. Another type of process is the treatment of fuel oils using electromagnetic fields. Early magnetized fuel-saving devices used both magnetic and electrostatic fields to process fuel. For example, the DJ series fuel economizer utilizes two permanent magnets with the magnetic field intensity of 1200 Gauss on the S pole surface, and the S-S pole relatively forms a gap of 2.8-3mm, and fuel oil passes through the gap. In the technical scheme, an electrostatic field is applied to the fuel oil at the same time.

Chinese patent ZL89213344 discloses a magnetized fuel economizer. Wherein, the N-N poles are oppositely formed into a gap of 0.5-1.1mm by using two permanent magnets with the magnetic field intensity of 4300-4600 gauss on the N pole surface and the intrinsic coercive force of 15000-18000 oersted. Through which gap the fuel oil is subjected to a magnetic field. In the technical scheme, an electrostatic field is not required to be additionally applied.

Chinese patent ZL92206719.8 discloses a dual-chamber magnetized fuel economizer. The technical scheme of this patent adopts three cylindrical permanent magnets. One of the magnets is disposed in the magnetic filter chamber and is said to be used for magnetizing the fuel oil and for adsorbing ferromagnetic substances in the fuel oil. The N poles of the other two magnets are opposite and form an oil passing gap of 0.5-1.1 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the magnet is made of NF30H material, and has intrinsic coercive force of 18000-20000 oersted and magnetic field strength of 4600-5200 gauss at the N pole surface.

Chinese patent ZL94113646.9 discloses an improved dual chamber magnetized economizer. The structure of the fuel economizer is similar to that of the fuel economizer which is opened in the Chinese patent ZL92206719.8, and the difference is that in the technical scheme of the patent, the back surfaces of two oppositely arranged magnets are respectively provided with a magnetic circuit piece, and in addition, the back surfaces of the magnets in the magnetic filter cavity and the bottom surface of the magnetic filter cavity opposite to the magnets are also provided with the magnetic circuit pieces. The presence of the magnetic circuit pieces is said to create a closed magnetic circuit within the economizer, thereby increasing the strength of the magnetic field of the apparatus. In addition, the proposed permanent magnet in the patent is a cylinder made of NF30 material, the intrinsic coercive force is 18000-20000 oersted, and the magnetic field strength of N pole surface is 4000-5200 gauss. The oil passing gap between the two oppositely arranged permanent magnets is 0.5-2.0 mm.

Although the methods in the prior art can refine the oil particles and improve the combustion degree of the fuel oil to a certain extent, the technical schemes can not ensure that the oil particles are refined to a nanometer level, so that the combustion degree of the fuel oil is completely improved. In addition, the stability of the small particle fuel oil treated by these prior art methods is poor, and therefore, it is necessary to directly connect a fuel economizer to the engine and directly supply the fuel oil after magnetization treatment to the engine.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a nano-particle fuel oil which is basically free of particles larger than 10 nm. Preferably, the fuel oil of the present invention is substantially free of particles larger than 5 nm. More preferably, the fuel oil of the present invention is substantially free of particles greater than 3 nm.

The fuel oil of the present invention may be gasoline, diesel, kerosene, heavy oil or other fuel oil or any form of mixture thereof.

The invention also provides a method for preparing the nano-particle fuel oil, which comprises the step of passing the conventional liquid fuel oil containing the large cluster particles through a magnetic field with the air gap magnetic field intensity of at least 8000 gauss and the magnetic field gradient of at least 1.5 tesla/cm along the direction intersecting with the direction of the magnetic force lines.

In the method of the present invention, the magnetic field may be formed by two permanent magnets with magnetic field intensity of N pole surface greater than 5000 gauss and intrinsic coercive force greater than 18000 oersted, which are homopolar and opposed to each other to form a gap of less than 0.5 mm.

Further, in the method of the present invention, the magnetic field may be an alternating electromagnetic field. Detailed description of the invention

The fuel oil used in the present invention may be any oil material that can be used as fuel, including fuel oil for engines and fuel oil supplied to any other equipment, such as fuel oil for boilers.

The fuel oil can be crude oil and fuel oil from crude oil, as well as fuel oil from biological feedstocks including, but not limited to, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, heavy oil, biodiesel, and the like.

The nano-particle fuel oil refers to fuel oil which does not contain particles larger than 10nm basically.

By "substantially free" of particles larger than 10nm, it is meant that the weight of particles larger than 10nm is less than 10% of the total weight of the fuel oil, preferably less than 5% of the total weight, more preferably less than 1% of the total weight, and most preferably such particles are not detectable under the conditions of the prior art.

In a preferred embodiment, the fuel oil of the present invention is substantially free of particles larger than 5 nm.

In a more preferred embodiment, the fuel oil of the present invention is substantially free of particles larger than 3 nm.

The above definition of the term "substantially free" applies equally to the preferred embodiments of the invention described above.

In the present invention, the "air gap magnetic field strength" refers to the maximum value of the magnetic field strength (i.e., magnetic induction) in the gap formed by the homopolar opposition of the magnets, i.e., the gap through which the oil passes.

In the present invention, "magnetic field gradient" refers to the maximum value of the gradient of the magnetic induction intensity (i.e., the degree of spatial nonuniformity) in the gap.

The nanoparticulate fuel oil of the present invention can be maintained in the nanoparticulate state as described above for at least 12 hours, preferably at least 24 hours, more preferably at least 48 hours, more preferably at least 36 hours, and most preferably at least 1 week.

The nano-particle fuel oil of the present invention can be obtained by passing conventional fuel oil through a magnetic field having an air gap magnetic field of at least 8000 gauss and a magnetic field gradient of at least 1.5 tesla/cm in a direction intersecting magnetic lines of force.

The invention has no particular provision for the magnetic field used to treat the fuel oil other than the requirements for air gap field strength and field gradient. Such a magnetic field may be generated by a permanent magnet or a combination of permanent magnets, or may be generated by the provision of an alternating current.

As described above, in the method for preparing nano-particle fuel oil of the present invention, the magnetic field air gap field strength for treating fuel oil is at least 8000 Gauss. Preferably the magnetic field has an air-gap field strength of at least 10000 gauss, more preferably at least 12000 gauss, 15000 gauss, 18000 gauss, more preferably at least 20000 gauss.

As mentioned above, in the method of the present invention for preparing a nano-particulate fuel oil, the magnetic field gradient in the magnetic field used for treating the fuel oil is at least 1.5 Tesla/cm. Preferably the magnetic field has a magnetic field gradient of at least 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 tesla/cm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field for treating the conventional fuel oil to obtain the nano-particulate fuel oil of the present invention is formed by two permanent magnets having a magnetic field strength of at least 5000 gauss at the N-pole surface and an intrinsic coercive force of at least 18000 gauss, which are opposed to each other to form a gap of less than 0.5 mm.

In this embodiment, it is preferred that the magnetic field strength at the N-pole face of the permanent magnet is at least 6000 gauss, more preferably at least 8000 gauss, most preferably at least 10000 gauss.

In this embodiment, the permanent magnet preferably has an intrinsic coercive force of at least 20000 oersteds, more preferably at least 22000 oersteds, most preferably at least 25000 oersteds.

In this embodiment, it is preferred that the gap between the two permanent magnets is between less than 0.5mm and 0.1mm, more preferably between 0.45mm and 0.2mm, and most preferably about 0.3 mm.

In this embodiment, the two permanent magnets may be N-N pole opposed or S-S pole opposed, but are preferably N-N pole opposed.

In this embodiment, the permanent magnet may be a material consisting of N30, N33, N35, N38, N40, N43, N45, N48 and possibly higher magnetic energy and coercivity materials, and the corresponding suffix N, M, H, SH, EH, UH (e.g., N38 SH).

Compared with the conventional fuel oil, the nano-particle fuel oil has excellent performance and can be widely applied to all oil combustion devices.

Taking an internal combustion engine as an example, the nano-particle fuel oil of the present invention can be used for internal combustion engines with different powers, including but not limited to: motorcycles, automobiles, trucks, high-horsepower diesel vehicles, tanks, boats, construction machinery, engine blocks, drilling machinery, and the like. When used in internal combustion engines, compared with conventional fuel oils, the nano-particle fuel oil of the present invention shows a fuel oil utilization ratio increased by 20-30%, a tail gas pollutant reduced by 50-80%, and may also show the advantages of vehicle power enhancement, carbon deposition elimination, engine life extension, engine noise reduction, etc.

As another example, the use of the nano-particulate fuel oil of the present invention in oil fired boilers and industrial kilns has been shown to achieve the same thermal effect 16.8% to 20% savings over the use of conventional fuel oils.

The nano-particle fuel oil can keep the nano-particle state for a long time, so that the application range of the nano-particle fuel oil is wider.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to specific examples and figures, without limiting the scope of the invention thereto.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of an apparatus used in the method for producing nano-particulate fuel oil according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the apparatus used in the method for producing nano-particulate fuel oil according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows the results of particle size determination in fuel oils of the present invention using neutron small angle scattering techniques.

Figure 4 shows the T2 relaxation times at various times before and after two diesel flow rates were treated by the method of the present invention.

Figure 5 shows the T1 relaxation times at various times before and after two diesel flow rates were treated by the method of the present invention.

Figure 6 shows the viscosity at various times before and after two flow rates of diesel fuel are treated by the process of the present invention.

Figure 7 shows the specific gravity at various times before and after two flow rates of diesel fuel are treated by the process of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The nano-particle fuel oil of the present invention is obtained by treating conventional fuel oil with an apparatus similar to the apparatus disclosed in chinese patent No. 89213334. The parameters of the magnets used in the present invention and the gap between the two magnets are different from the device of the above patent. The specific structure is shown in figure 1.

The device comprises a shell 1, two permanent magnets 2 and 3, a plug 4, pipe joints 5 and 6, and sealing rings 9 and 10. The shell 1 is provided with a through cavity along the longitudinal direction, and two ends of the through cavity are respectively in threaded connection with the pipeline joints 5 and 6. The central part of the shell 1 is provided with a magnetization cavity which is vertically communicated with the longitudinal through cavity, and two cylindrical permanent magnets 2 and 3 are accommodated in the magnetization cavity. When the N poles (or S poles) of the two permanent magnets are oppositely and fixedly arranged in the magnetization cavity, the upper end of the magnetization cavity is sealed by the circular plug 4. The permanent magnets 2 and 3 are made of N35SH material, the magnetic field intensity of the N pole surface is about 8000 Gauss, the intrinsic coercive force is 22000 Oersted, and the oil passing gap between the two is 0.4 mm.

Example 2

The nano-particle fuel oil of the present invention is obtained by treating conventional fuel oil with an apparatus similar to that disclosed in the' 94113646.9 patent. The parameters of the magnets used in the present invention and the gap between the two magnets are different from the device of the above patent. The specific structure is shown in figure 2.

As shown in fig. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a case, which is die-cast from an aluminum alloy. The shell 1 is provided with a longitudinal circular channel, and inner threads are respectively processed on the inner walls of two ends of the channel. A magnetic filter cavity and a magnetization cavity are formed on the shell 1, and the magnetic filter cavity and the magnetization cavity are both perpendicular to and communicated with the longitudinal through cavity of the shell 1. The two ends of the through cavity are respectively connected with the pipeline connectors 13 and 14 in a sealing way through threads, the pipeline connectors can be made of aluminum alloy or flavone, the shape of an inner flow passage of the connector is made into a horn shape with one outward end and is connected with the body of the device, and the rest of the inner flow passage is in a straight pipe shape and is communicated with an oil supply pipe, a carburetor or an oil injection pump and the like.

The magnetizing cavity is a circular hole, two permanent magnets 3 and 4 with opposite magnetic poles are arranged in the magnetizing cavity, and an oil passing gap of 0.45mm is formed between the permanent magnets 3 and 4. The permanent magnets 3 and 4 have N poles opposite to N poles (or S poles opposite to S poles). Magnetic circuit pieces 7 and 8 are provided at the other ends of the opposite magnetic poles of the two permanent magnets 3 and 4, respectively, so as to form a closed magnetic circuit.

The magnetic filter cavity is a step hole and is communicated with the longitudinal through cavity of the shell 1 and the surface of the shell 1. The magnetic filter cavity is internally provided with a permanent magnet 2. One end of the permanent magnet 2 is provided with a magnetic circuit sheet 6, and the other end is opposite to a magnetic circuit sheet 5 arranged on the bottom surface of the magnetic filter cavity, thereby forming a fixed oil passing gap. The gap is 3 mm. The magnetic circuit sheet 5 is arranged on the concave part of the shell at the bottom of the magnetic filter cavity and can be formed by interference fit and industrial glue pressure bonding.

The permanent magnets 2, 3 and 4 used were each a cylinder of N35SH material with a diameter of 20mm and a height of 12 mm. The magnetic field intensity of the N pole surface of the permanent magnet is 6000 gauss, and the intrinsic coercive force is 20000 oersteds.

The magnetic circuit pieces 5, 6, 7 and 8 are disk-shaped or cylindrical, and have a diameter of 20mm and a thickness of 5 mm. The magnetic circuit plates can be made of pure iron DT4 material or magnetic conductive material such as silicon steel plate.

Example 3

The nano-particle fuel oil of the present invention was obtained by treating conventional fuel oil with a similar apparatus as in example 2. However, the parameters of the magnets used in the present invention and the gap between the two magnets are different from those of the device in the above patent and do not include the magnetic sheet.

The magnetic field intensity of the N pole surface of the permanent magnet is 8000 Gauss, and the intrinsic coercive force is 24000 Oersted. The gap between the two permanent magnets is about 0.3 mm.

The following examples are presented to illustrate the physical properties and efficacy of the nanoparticulate fuel oils of the present invention.

Example 4

Determination of particle size in fuel oils of the invention by neutron small angle scattering

The fuel treated with the apparatus of example 2 of the present invention was subjected to a neutron small angle scattering (SANS) study at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Through comparative studies on two samples (one is common fuel oil, and one is fuel oil treated by the device of example 2), the former is found to contain molecular aggregates with the size larger than 300 nanometers, and the latter is found to have the components with the size not larger than 3 nanometers and unchanged for at least one week.

Test method

Neutron small angle scattering (SANS) is an advanced experimental technique for detecting the microstructure of a substance. Especially for fluids and soft materials, since real space techniques such as microscopy are often ineffective. Scatterometry measures the density distribution or fluctuations of a material, but uses Fourier space. However, for most structures, some specific information about the microstructure of the sample can be obtained. It is commonly used to measure the size, shape and distribution of particles within complex fluids, including colloids, polymer solutions, surfactant combinations, microemulsions, and the like. In the major laboratories around the world, the instruments are capable of measuring micro-structure dimensions between 1nm and 1 μm.

For three trials, measurements of several samples were completed. The experiment was performed in the NIST neutron research center with an NG7-SANS instrument. The neutron wavelengths used were 0.60 nm and 0.81 nm. The scattering vector (Q) value is between 0.008nm-l and 1nm-l, corresponding to the spatial scale 1nm to 120 nm.

The fuel oil is the common diesel oil sold at the 'crown' filling station of the city of the Maryland, USA. The fuel oil treatment apparatus used was the apparatus of example 1 provided by the applicant. The sample oil was contained in a cylindrical container during the measurement, and the neutron path was 1 mm. The diameter of the neutron beam was 12.7 mm, so the volume of the sample oil measured was 0.2 ml.

Measurement results

The resulting untreated fuel samples were first measured twice over a month period during three experiments. The results of the two measurements were similar, and the Q degrees of the two measurements were slightly different, indicating that the sample contained molecular groups with a size greater than 300 nm. One of the curves is shown as D1 (circle) in fig. 3. As can be seen, this curve increases in value at small Q until Q is 0.008 nm-l. This sign does not necessarily belong to the Guinier type, so no specific molecular mass size data are available from the shape of the curve, since they are already beyond the range measurable by the instrument, with an upper limit of Q being the inverse of 0.008nm-l, i.e. a radius of revolution of about 120nm, converted to a spherical diameter of 310 nm. The size of these aggregates can be essentially judged to be on the sub-micron scale (i.e., 0.5-2 μm).

Neutron scattering does not provide a specific clue as to what composition these aggregates are. It is certain that each such pellet acts as a whole. Since most molecular structures in fuel oil are less than 10nm, these aggregates can be considered as molecular aggregates, or molecules together. Since the scattering intensity is proportional to the number of these aggregates and their product with the "contrast" of the other components in the fuel, it is not possible to calculate either quantity separately.

However, the same fuel sample was passed through the apparatus described in example 1, through which the oil sample passed by gravity. The collected samples were measured twice in one week in the same manner as described above. The Q degree is more than 0.008nm-l and less than 1 nm-l. The measurement results are plotted in the same graph as the above results (D4A squares and D4B triangles). D4A is the data measured immediately after the same diesel fuel sample as D1 has been treated by the apparatus shown in example 1; D4B is the data measured after one week of standing for the D4A sample. The two results were similar, but both were significantly different from those of the untreated oil: they have no upward trend or sign at small Q. The scale in fig. 3 is logarithmic, the average of D4A and D4B is 1cm "1 (scattering cross section per unit volume), while the D1 value is several to several tens of times greater than the intensity of D4 at small Q. In fact, the overall curve appears flat, showing that there is no measurable amount of particles at the measured linear scale (0.008nm-l to 0.4 m-l). This test was repeated twice, each time using a freshly treated fuel sample using the apparatus of example 1, and similar results were obtained.

Conclusion

Through neutron scattering measurement, the ordinary fuel oil contains sub-aggregates with the size larger than 300 nanometers, while the fuel oil processed by the fuel oil processing device in the embodiment 1 has the nano-scale components, no particles (molecular groups) larger than 3nm are found, and the sub-micrometer aggregates originally existing in the original sample do not exist.

Example 5

Physical property changes of the nano-particle fuel oil compared with the conventional fuel oil

The NMR T2 and T1 tests, viscosity tests and specific gravity tests were carried out in a conventional manner on the diesel oil before and after the two flow rates through the apparatus described in example 1. These two flow rates were 10 liters/hour and 20 liters/hour, respectively.

The experimental test results are as follows:

1) t2 relaxation times at various times before and after filtration of two diesel flows (see Table I, FIG. 4)

2) T1 relaxation times at various times before and after filtration of two diesel flows (see Table I, FIG. 5)

3) The viscosities of the diesel at two flow rates at various times before and after filtration (see Table II, FIG. 6)

4) Specific gravity of diesel oil at two flow rates before and after filtration (see Table III and figure 7)

TABLE I NMR T2 and T1 test results before and after diesel oil treatment

TABLE II, results of viscosity measurements at various times before and after diesel treatment

TABLE III, results of specific gravity test at each moment before and after diesel oil treatment

From the above results, it can be seen that the physical properties of diesel oil after passing through the apparatus described in example 1 are significantly changed, mainly including:

1. t of treated diesel₁、T₂The relaxation time is shortened, which indicates that the diesel oil molecules are polarized by the magnetic field. As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the recovery process is a periodic recovery process.

2. After treatment, the viscosity of the diesel oil is obviously reduced, and the maximum reduction amplitude of the flow rate of 10L/h and 20L/h reaches 22.6 percent and 14.5 percent respectively. Viscosity there is also a cycle recovery process.

3. The specific gravity of the treated diesel oil is reduced, and the maximum reduction amplitude reaches 0.3 percent. After 24 hours, the specific gravity recovery was not significant.

Example 6

To verify the performance of the nano-fuel oil of the present invention, we installed the apparatus described in example 2 on a land tiger 110V8 car and a DAF truck, and evaluated the oil consumption and the exhaust emission.

Test vehicles:

(1) the first land tiger 110V8, driven 20193km

(2) The second land tiger 110V8, which has run 42814km

(3) A DAF truck, driven 37079km

Test items:

oil consumption after driving 100km at the same speed without the device of the invention

CO emissions and smoke levels without the inventive device

Oil consumption after 100km of running at the same speed after the device of the invention is additionally arranged

O. CO emission and smoke intensity after installation of the inventive device

The test steps are as follows:

step 1:

before the test, recording the mileage of the vehicle, after the condition of the vehicle is confirmed to be normal, recording the speed of the vehicle, filling the vehicle with oil, driving the vehicle on an asphalt pavement for 100km at the speed of 120km/h, filling the vehicle with oil after driving, and measuring the oil consumption.

Step 2:

the device is installed and is additionally installed after an oil filter of an oil inlet pipe, and then a vehicle runs according to the normal condition.

And step 3:

after 3 tanks of oil were used, the vehicle was tested again, using the same method as in step 1. The tests were carried out 3 times, the average value of which was taken as the fuel consumption, and the CO emissions were detected immediately after the vehicle was returned. Test equipment:

CO tester WT201, manufactured by MESSER of south Africa

Test results

The device without the invention runs at a speed of 100 KM:

	the first land tiger	The second land tiger	DAF truck
				Vehicle speed	120km/h	100km/h	80km/h
Mileage of driving	99km	100km	99km
				Oil consumption	23L	21L	29L
Oil consumption per kilometer	0.2323L	0.21L	0.2929L
				Oil consumption per hundred kilometers	23.23L	21L	29.29L

The tail gas emission of the vehicle without the device of the invention is as follows:

	the first land tiger	The second land tiger	DAF truck
				CO％	6.96	4.23	Dense and black smoke

The oil consumption after the device is additionally provided is as follows:

	the first land tiger	The second land tiger	DAF truck
				Vehicle speed	120km/h	100km/h	80km/h
Mileage of driving	100km	100km	100km
				Oil consumption	16L	12L	19.3L
Oil consumption per kilometer	0.16L	0.12L	0.19L
				Hundred kilometers of fuel saving	7L	9L	9.99L
Oil saving rate	30.4％	42.9％	34％

Therefore, after the device of the invention is added, the oil saving rate is respectively 30.4 percent of the first land tiger, 42.9 percent of the second land tiger and 34 percent of the DAF truck when the nano-particle fuel oil of the invention is used. The tail gas emission of the vehicle after the device is additionally arranged is as follows:

	the first land tiger	The second land tiger	DAF truck
				CO％	4.5	0.9	Slight and weak smoke

Therefore, after the device of the invention is added, even if the nano-particle fuel oil of the invention is used, the reduction rate of CO emission is respectively 35 percent of the first land and 79 percent of the second land. DAF trucks no longer emit black smoke.

Claims (21)

1. Fuel oil, characterized in that it contains less than 10% by weight of the total fuel oil of particles consisting of molecular groups greater than 10 nm.

2. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel oil contains less than 5% by weight of the total fuel oil of particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 10 nm.

3. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel oil contains less than 1% by weight of the total fuel oil of particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 10 nm.

4. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that no particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 10nm are detectable in said fuel oil.

5. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel oil contains less than 10% by weight of the total fuel oil of particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 5 nm.

6. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel oil contains less than 5% by weight of the total fuel oil of particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 5 nm.

7. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel oil contains less than 1% by weight of the total fuel oil of particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 5 nm.

8. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that no particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 5nm are detectable in said fuel oil.

9. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel oil contains less than 10% by weight of the total fuel oil of particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 3 nm.

10. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel oil contains less than 5% by weight of the total fuel oil of particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 3 nm.

11. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel oil contains less than 1% by weight of the total fuel oil of particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 3 nm.

12. A fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that no particles consisting of molecular groups larger than 3nm are detectable in said fuel oil.

13. A fuel oil according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the fuel oil is gasoline.

14. A fuel oil according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the fuel oil is diesel.

15. The fuel oil according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that said fuel oil is kerosene.

16. A fuel oil according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the fuel oil is a heavy oil.

17. The fuel oil according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the fuel oil is biodiesel.

18. A method of producing a fuel oil according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by comprising the step of passing a conventional fuel oil through a magnetic field having an air gap field strength of at least 8000 gauss and a magnetic field gradient of at least 1.5 tesla/cm in a direction transverse to the direction of the magnetic field lines.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein said magnetic field has an airgap field strength of at least 10000 gauss and a magnetic field gradient of at least 1.8 tesla/cm.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that said magnetic field is formed by two permanent magnets with magnetic field intensity of N-pole surface or S-pole surface greater than 5000 gauss and intrinsic coercive force greater than 18000 oersted, which are homopolar and relatively form a gap of 0.1-0.5 mm.

21. A method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that said magnetic field is an alternating electromagnetic field.