HK1063210B - Centrifugal combustion method using air-flow in a furnace and the combustion furnace thereof - Google Patents

Description

Centrifugal combustion method and furnace using air flow in furnace

Technical Field

The present invention relates, in general, to a centrifugal combustion method using an air flow in a furnace and, more particularly, to a centrifugal combustion method using an air flow in a furnace, in which combustibles, such as low-calorie wastes having a high water content, high-calorie plastics and rubbers having a low water content, and high-calorie waste liquids, are rapidly and completely combusted at a high temperature only by supplying air into the furnace without auxiliary devices and fuel, and a space in the furnace is divided into a plurality of combustion areas by the air flow due to a centrifugal force of high-pressure air rapidly supplied into the furnace and revolved at a high speed in the furnace.

Background

The conventional method of burning waste or slop oil comprises the steps of: supplying combustible material to a combustion chamber of the furnace; igniting the combustible in the combustion chamber with an ignition torch; the combustibles are burned with cool air supplied directly to the upper, middle and lower parts of the combustion chamber.

However, the conventional method has a drawback in that high-calorie, low-calorie and humid wastes are not completely combusted and combustion efficiency is low because wastes are combusted only with cold air supplied through a blower. Combustible materials which are not completely combusted are left or become garbage bedding soil, thereby causing resource waste and environmental pollution. In addition, combustibles are not completely combusted, resulting in various toxic substances harmful to human bodies, such as dioxin and carbon residue dust emitted to the atmosphere, and the spray gun is continuously operated because incompletely combusted residues should be combusted again, and an auxiliary fuel (such as diesel fuel) is also added, so that fuel cost is high, combustion time is long, and combustion efficiency is low.

Other drawbacks of the conventional method are: a special lance which can be used at a high temperature is required, air is supplied to the furnace at a high pressure, and since combustible is burned at a high temperature, refractory bricks should be formed in the furnace, and thus, the combustion cost is increased. In particular, the combustion chamber made of metal is not resistant to high temperature, is easy to be ablated, and shortens the service life of the furnace.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention therefore aims to remedy the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a centrifugal combustion process in which the combustibles are completely combusted by circulation of air at a temperature of 1500 to 1900 ℃ without any auxiliary devices or catalysts.

The present invention is also directed to a centrifugal combustion method in which a low-calorie fuel is sufficiently combusted without an auxiliary fuel, and about 100% of heat energy generated during combustion of the low-calorie fuel is utilized.

The present invention is also directed to a centrifugal combustion method in which a high-calorie fuel is sufficiently combusted without an auxiliary fuel, and about 100% of heat energy generated during combustion of the high-calorie fuel is utilized.

The present invention is also directed to a centrifugal combustion method in which a wet fuel or waste having a humidity of 100% or less is sufficiently combusted without an auxiliary fuel, and heat energy generated during the combustion of the wet fuel or waste having a humidity of 100% or less is utilized.

The present invention also aims to propose a centrifugal combustion method in which the combustibles are completely combusted in a combustion chamber of the same size as the conventional furnace at a speed several times faster than the conventional combustion method.

To this end, according to the invention, a furnace comprises: a cylindrical fuel tank; a first cylindrical combustion chamber; a second cylindrical combustion chamber; a cylindrical exhaust funnel; an upper outer tub and a lower outer tub surrounding the first combustion chamber and the fuel tank, with a gap formed between the upper outer tub and the first combustion chamber and between the lower outer tub and the fuel tank; the air blowers are connected with the lower part of the upper outer cylinder, so that the air blowers are tangentially communicated with a gap between the first combustion chamber and the upper outer cylinder, and are connected with the upper part of the lower outer cylinder through one or more air connecting pipes, so that the air blowers are tangentially communicated with a gap between the fuel tank and the lower outer cylinder; and an air flow control device positioned at an upper portion of the gap between the first combustion chamber and the upper outer tub.

In the furnace, combustibles are rapidly and completely burned at high temperature, and the space in the furnace is divided into many combustion zones by air flow due to the centrifugal force of high-pressure air which is rapidly fed into the furnace and revolves at high speed in the furnace.

Drawings

The above objects and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The attached drawings are as follows:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the oven of the present invention showing the air flow within the oven;

FIG. 2a is a transverse cross-sectional view of the furnace taken along line A-A of FIG. 1, illustrating air flow within the furnace;

FIG. 2B is a transverse cross-sectional view of the furnace taken along line B-B of FIG. 1, illustrating air flow within the furnace;

FIG. 2C is a transverse cross-sectional view of the furnace taken along line C-C of FIG. 1, illustrating air flow within the furnace;

FIG. 2D is a transverse cross-sectional view of the furnace taken along line D-D of FIG. 1, illustrating air flow within the furnace;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the inventive furnace showing multiple combustion zones divided by air flow;

FIG. 4a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the furnace showing the preheated air flow in sections a and g of the furnace;

FIG. 4b is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of the furnace showing the flow of preheated air in section b of the furnace;

FIG. 4c is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of the furnace showing the exhaust air flow for sections c and f of the furnace;

FIG. 4d is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of the furnace showing the exhaust air flow of section d of the furnace;

fig. 4e is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of the furnace showing the exhaust air flow of section e of the furnace.

Detailed Description

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

To implement the centrifugal combustion method of the present invention, a furnace 50 is provided which includes: a flange 2, the flange 2 being positioned around a lower portion of a first cylindrical combustion chamber 1 and protruding outward from the first combustion chamber 1; an upper outer cylinder 3 and a lower outer cylinder 4, the upper outer cylinder 3 and the lower outer cylinder 4 being fixedly disposed above and below the flange 2, respectively; a fuel tank 6, the fuel tank 6 being positioned below the first combustion chamber 1, the upper side of the fuel tank 6 being open and being in close contact with the bottom of the flange 2 of the first combustion chamber 1, the lower side of the fuel tank 6 being combined with a hydraulic jack 5, the hydraulic jack 5 being used for mounting/dismounting the fuel tank 6; a flange 9, the flange 9 projecting outwardly from a lower portion of a second combustion chamber 8, the second combustion chamber 8 having an exhaust stack 7, the exhaust stack 7 being positioned on an upper side of the second combustion chamber 8 and on an upper portion of the upper outer cylinder 3; one or more blowers 11, the blower 11 being connected to an air supply pipe 10 connected tangentially to the lower portion of the upper outer tub 3 and connected to an air suction pipe 12 connected to the upper portion of the lower outer tub 4 through an air connection pipe 13 such that the blower 11 communicates with the air suction pipe 12; an air flow direction control plate 14, the air flow direction control plate 14 being positioned on an upper portion of a gap between the first combustion chamber 1 and the upper outer tub 3, and being positioned on an upper portion of the upper outer tub 3; and air flow control means 16 positioned at an upper portion of the upper outer tub 3, each air flow control means 16 including an air flow direction control plate 14 and a control lever 15 rotatably coupled to the air flow direction control plate.

The blower is connected to a space defined between the upper outer tub 3 and the first combustion chamber 1 through an air supply pipe 10, and is connected to a space defined between the lower outer tub 4 and the fuel tank 6 through an air exhaust pipe 12 and an air connection pipe 13.

In addition, the oven 50 of the present invention includes an opening/closing door positioned on the lower outer tub 4 covering the fuel tank 6, through which the fuel tank 6 is entered and exited, and rollers fixed to the bottom of the fuel tank 6 for transporting the fuel tank 6 through a guide rail, the opening/closing door and the rollers not being shown in the drawings.

According to the present invention, a centrifugal combustion method using an air flow in a furnace includes the steps of: the cold air is first preheated by absorbing heat from an outer wall of a fuel tank 6, and thus the wall of the fuel tank 6 is cooled, wherein the blower noise is reduced since the cold air is sucked through a gap between the fuel tank 6 and a lower outer tub 4; supplying first preheated air into a gap formed between a first combustion chamber 1 and an upper outer tub 3 by a blower fan 11, the blower fan 11 being connected tangentially to the lower portion of the lower outer tub 4 to make the supplied air ascend and turn in the gap formed between the first combustion chamber 1 and the upper outer tub 3, wherein the first preheated air absorbs heat of the first combustion chamber 1 while cooling the outer wall of the first combustion chamber 1 and ascends and turns at a high speed; controlling the flow rate of the second preheated air because a flange 9 positioned at the lower portion of the second combustion chamber 8 blocks the second preheated air from rising by controlling the angle of an air flow control device 16, so that the second preheated air stops rising; the second preheated air fed to the first combustion chamber is subjected to a third preheating, wherein the second preheated air descends into the fuel tank in contact with the inner wall of the first combustion chamber 1 due to the centrifugal force generated by the revolution of the air flow still in the first combustion chamber, absorbs heat from the inner wall of the first combustion chamber, and cools the inner wall of the first combustion chamber 1 and the inner wall of the fuel tank 6.

By taking the above steps, the air preheated for the third time is mixed with the fuel in the fuel tank 6 to form a co-combustion zone f in which the thus-formed mixture turns and is combusted. The high specific gravity combustible that is not completely burned in the mixed combustion zone f expands into the third preheated air b that is descending in the first combustion chamber 1, forming a high specific gravity combustion zone c in which the high specific gravity combustible is burned for a long time over a sufficiently long combustion distance. The low specific gravity combustible, which is not completely burned in the high specific gravity combustion zone c, is fed to the center of the first combustion chamber 1 to form a low specific gravity high temperature combustion zone d, in which the low specific gravity combustible is gathered, further burned and ascends to the second combustion chamber 8 while being revolved and burned. A high-temperature hot core area e with the highest temperature in the furnace is formed in the center of the furnace.

The combustible, which is not completely combusted in the low specific gravity high temperature combustion region d and the high temperature hot core region e, is re-expanded into the third preheated air b, which is descending and revolving in the first combustion chamber 1, due to its gravity and the centrifugal force of the revolving air flow, to be re-supplied into the low specific gravity high temperature combustion region d and the high temperature hot core region e together with the third preheated air b.

Some of the combustible that is not completely combusted in the first combustion chamber 1 and is delivered to the second combustion chamber 8 together with the air flow rising from the central portion of the first combustion chamber 1 is re-combusted by the second preheated air a rising through the air flow control device 16. The second preheated air absorbs heat from the inner wall of the second combustion chamber 8, thereby cooling the wall. Finally, according to the invention, only the combustion gases, i.e. the completely burnt combustibles, are discharged via a chimney 7.

The operation of the furnace 50 is as follows:

after the fuel 17 filled in the fuel tank 6 is ignited by a manual or automatic ignition device, the upper side of the fuel tank 6 is closely attached to the bottom of the flange 2 positioned at the lower portion of the first combustion chamber 1 by a jack 5 for mounting/dismounting the fuel tank 6. Then, heat is generated during the mixing of the fuel with the air and the combustion of the thus-formed mixture in the fuel tank 6, the outer wall of the fuel tank 6 is cooled, the cold air supplied through the bottom of the lower outer tub 4 is preheated for the first time, and the cold air flows through the gap between the fuel tank 6 and the lower outer tub 4 due to the high-speed operation of the blower 11. The first preheated air g is fed tangentially into the gap between the first combustion chamber 1 and the upper outer tub 3 by the blower 11, and revolves up at a high speed. At this time, the first preheated air g supplied from the blower 11 absorbs the heat of the first combustion chamber 1 to become second preheated high temperature air a, and cools the outer wall of the first combustion chamber 1. When the air whirling up in the gap between the first combustion chamber 1 and the upper outer tub 3 reaches the bottom of the flange 9 of the second combustion chamber 8, since the flange 9 prevents the air from rising, the air does not rise any more, and the flow rate of the air supplied into the first combustion chamber 1 and the second combustion chamber 8 can be controlled by the angle of an air flow direction control plate 14, which is located below the flange 9 of the second combustion chamber 8, changing with the rotation of a control lever 15 of an air flow control device 16.

Since polymer-based high-calorie wastes such as waste ethylene, waste plastics and waste tires have many volatile components and are rapidly decomposed, when the polymer-based high-calorie wastes come into contact with high-temperature air, the temperature of combustibles increases, black smoke is generated due to incomplete combustion, and accompanied by deflagration. At this time, if the air flow direction control plate 14 of the air flow control device 16 is at an angle of, for example, 135 ° with the air revolution direction (as shown in the drawing), the flow rate of the secondarily preheated high temperature air a dropping to the first combustion chamber 1 is reduced, the combustion speed is slowed, and thus the knocking is prevented. Further, by increasing the air flow rate supplied to the second combustion chamber 8, substances that are not completely combusted in the first combustion chamber 1 are completely combusted due to the high-temperature air having the second preheating of sufficiently high temperature.

On the other hand, when the air flow direction control plate 14 of the air flow control device 16 is at an angle of, for example, 45 ° with respect to the air revolution direction, the air flow rate supplied to the first combustion chamber 1 increases, while the air flow rate supplied to the second combustion chamber 8 decreases. In other words, the combustion rate, the combustion temperature and the required heat capacity per hour may be controlled by the air flow control device 16.

The air supplied to the first combustion chamber 1 does not spread to the center of the first combustion chamber 1 due to the centrifugal force caused by the continuous revolution of the air, but descends into the fuel tank 6 storing the fuel 17 while revolving in close contact with the inner wall of the first combustion chamber 1. At this time, the air supplied to the first combustion chamber 1 cools the inner wall of the first combustion chamber 1, is heated by radiant heat from the high specific gravity combustion region c, the low specific gravity high temperature combustion region d, and the high temperature heat core region in the first combustion chamber 1, and simultaneously becomes high temperature air b preheated for the third time.

The third preheated high-temperature air b supplied to the fuel tank 6 is turned around at a high speed and mixed with the fuel 17, and the mixture thus formed is burned in the mixed combustion zone f and is then fed to the center of the first combustion chamber 1. At this time, high temperature atoms or molecules are transferred to the low specific gravity high temperature combustion region d and the highest temperature high temperature hot core region e in the first combustion chamber 1, rise and make high speed revolution at a high temperature, and thus, the mixture of the third preheated air b and the fuel 17 is completely combusted.

Therefore, the high specific gravity combustible is delivered to the high specific gravity combustion region c closer to the center of the first combustion chamber 1 than the third preheated air flow b, revolves at a high speed at a high temperature, and is combusted while securing a sufficiently long combustion distance and combustion time. The combustible material is reduced in specific gravity to a degree close to zero, and is transported to the low specific gravity high temperature combustion area d and the high temperature hot core area e to be completely combusted at high speed at high temperature.

Meanwhile, the combustibles that are not thermally decomposed in the low specific gravity high temperature combustion region d and the high temperature hot core region e are dropped by the weight of the combustibles, and are sent to the third preheated air flow b to be combusted, and thus, the combustibles are completely combusted.

The incompletely burned residues in the first combustion chamber 1 are completely burned as the second preheated high temperature air flow a rises to the second combustion chamber 8 through the air flow control device 16, and the second preheated air flow a simultaneously cools the inner wall of the second combustion chamber 8, so that the pollution-free combustion gas is discharged through an exhaust stack 7.

Further, since the lower outer tub 4 is positioned outside the fuel tank 6 so as to form a gap between the fuel tank 6 and the lower outer tub 4, the cold air drawn by the blower 11 and flowing through the gap between the fuel tank 6 and the lower outer tub 4 cools the outer wall of the fuel tank 6 while absorbing heat of the fuel tank 6 for preheating. In addition, since the gap between the fuel tank 6 and the lower outer tub 4 functions as a suction passage, since the cool air flowing through this gap is first preheated and then supplied to the blower fan 11, noise from the blower fan 11 is reduced as compared with a conventional blower fan that directly sucks the cool air from the atmosphere.

After the high-heat waste materials mainly of polymers, such as waste ethylene, waste plastics, waste tires, and waste oil, are incinerated according to the centrifugal combustion method of the present invention, the temperature distribution measured in the furnace 50 is: the air a for the second preheating is 100-200 ℃, the air b for the third preheating is 300-500 ℃, the mixed combustion area f is 1000-1200 ℃, the high specific gravity combustion area c is 1200-1400 ℃, the low specific gravity high temperature combustion area d is 1300-1500 ℃, and the high temperature heat core area e is 1500-1900 ℃.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a centrifugal combustion method characterized in that toxic substances harmful to humans, such as dioxin, are completely decomposed at high temperatures and only pollution-free gases are discharged to the atmosphere, because only combustion gases having a temperature of 1300 ℃ or more, which are thermally decomposed in the low specific gravity high-temperature combustion region d and the high temperature hot core region e, are discharged.

Industrial applications

As described above, the present invention provides a centrifugal combustion method in which air is supplied to a furnace by a blower without any separate auxiliary device or auxiliary fuel, a space in the furnace is divided into a plurality of combustion regions by centrifugal force generated by high-speed revolution of the air, and combustible can be completely combusted at a high temperature. The centrifugal combustion method of the present invention is advantageous in that although the material of the furnace is not a special refractory but metal, the furnace can be durable without a conventional special lance that can endure high-speed and high-temperature combustion and supply high-pressure oxygen, and without protecting the furnace wall using firebricks, because heat is absorbed by the preheated air flow revolving at high speed around the inner and outer walls of a first combustion chamber and around the inner walls of a fuel tank and a second combustion chamber, thereby preventing excessive heat generation from the fuel tank, the first and second combustion chambers, and the upper and lower outer cylinders.

Other advantages of the present invention are that the size and weight of the inventive furnace are reduced more than two times as compared with the conventional furnace, combustible materials, which are not generally suitable for incineration, can be rapidly incinerated due to the simple structure and the realization of high-temperature and high-speed combustion, the boiler for a boiler house or a bathroom can recycle the heat energy of complete combustion to save energy, the sanitary disposal cost of garbage can be saved, and the completely combusted gas is discharged from the incinerator to prevent the environment from being polluted.

It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A centrifugal combustion method using air flow in a furnace, comprising the steps of:

supplying air into a space formed between a first combustion chamber located at an upper portion of a fuel tank and an outer tub surrounding the first combustion chamber by one or more blowers, the blowers being tangentially connected to a lower portion of the outer tub such that the air supplied by the blowers is preheated and revolved up in the space formed between the first combustion chamber and the outer tub; and

the air flow rising to the top of the gap formed between the first combustion chamber and the outer cylinder is controlled so that the required air flow rate falls in the first combustion chamber and turns while contacting the inner wall of the first combustion chamber, and the remaining part of the air further rises in a second combustion chamber located above the first combustion chamber and turns while contacting the inner wall of the second combustion chamber, and the turning of the air contacting the inner wall of the combustion chamber is achieved by continuous air supply of the blower.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: air preheated in a space formed between the fuel tank and a lower outer tub surrounding the fuel tank is supplied to a space formed between the first combustion chamber and the outer tub by the blower.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: air is drawn into the blower through a gap formed between the fuel tank and the lower outer tub to reduce noise of the blower.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: the combustion speed, the combustion temperature and the required heat capacity per hour are controlled using the air flow control means which includes an air flow direction control plate located at an upper portion of a gap between the first combustion chamber and the outer tub and a control lever rotatably combined with the air flow direction control plate.

5. A centrifugal burner for utilizing air flow, comprising: a first cylindrical combustion chamber; a second cylindrical combustion chamber located above said first combustion chamber; a cylindrical chimney positioned above said second combustion chamber; a fuel tank located below the first combustion chamber; an outer barrel surrounding said first combustion chamber such that a gap is formed between said outer barrel and said first combustion chamber; one or more blowers tangentially connected to a lower portion of the tub such that air supplied by the blowers whirls up in a gap formed between the first combustion chamber and the tub; and one or more air flow control devices positioned at an upper portion of the gap to control a direction of the ascending air flow.

6. The burner of claim 5, further comprising: a lower outer tub surrounding the fuel tank such that a space is formed between the lower outer tub and the fuel tank; a flange positioned outwardly around a lower portion of the first combustion chamber, the flange separating a gap formed between the outer barrel and the first combustion chamber from a gap formed between the lower outer barrel and the fuel tank; and one or more air ducts connecting the blower with a gap defined between the lower outer tub and the fuel tank.