HK1059464A - Electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner devices with an upstream focus electrode - Google Patents

Description

Electro-kinetic air delivery regulator with upstream focusing electrode

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to devices that generate an electro-kinetic (electro-kinetic) airflow and substantially remove particulate matter from the airflow.

Background

The prior art has long used electric motors to rotate fan blades to generate an air flow. Unfortunately, such fans are noisy and also dangerous to children who, by curiosity, may insert a finger or pencil into the rotating fan blade. Although such fans can produce large flows (e.g., 1000 feet)³Per unit ofMinutes or more) but requires considerable electrical power to power the fan and is essentially incapable of conditioning the moving air.

It is known to equip such fans with high efficiency particulate air-assisted filters to remove particulate matter, perhaps greater than 0.3 μm. Unfortunately, the resistance of the filter to airflow requires a doubling of the motor size to maintain the desired airflow. Moreover, HEPA-based filter components are expensive and account for a large portion of the fan sales price of HEPA-based filters. While such filter fans can remove larger particles to condition the air, particulate matter small enough to pass through the filter cannot be removed, including bacteria, for example.

It is also known in the art to generate airflow using electro-kinetic techniques that convert electricity directly into airflow without mechanical moving parts. Such a system is described in U.S. patent No.4789801(1988) to Lee, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its simplified form as shown in fig. 1A and 1B. The system 10 includes an array of first ("transmitting") electrodes or conductive surfaces 20 that are symmetrically spaced from an array of second ("receiving") electrodes or conductive surfaces 30. A generator, such as pulse generator 40, outputting a series of high voltage pulses (e.g., 0 to about +5KV) is connected to the first array at its positive pole and to the second array in this example at its negative pole. It will be appreciated that the array comprises a plurality of electrodes, but a column of electrodes may comprise or be replaced by a single electrode.

The high voltage pulses ionize the air between the electrode arrays and produce an airflow 50 from the first array to the second array without requiring any moving parts. Particulate matter 60 in the air is entrained in the airflow 50 and also moves towards the second electrode 30. Most of the particulate matter is electrostatically attracted to and remains on the second electrode surface, thereby conditioning the gas stream exiting the system 10. In addition, the high voltage electric field present between the electrode arrays can release ozone into the surrounding environment, which can eliminate odors entrained in the air stream.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1A, the first electrode 20 is circular in cross-section and has a diameter of about 0.003 inches (0.08mm), while the second electrode is larger in area and has a teardrop-shaped cross-section. The ratio of the radii of curvature of the cross-sections between the bulbous front end of the second electrode and the first electrode exceeds 10: 1. As shown in FIG. 1A, the bulbous front end surface of the second electrode faces the first electrode, and the relatively "tapered" rear edge faces the discharge direction of the airflow. The "tapered" trailing edge on the second electrode facilitates better electrostatic attraction of particulate matter entrained in the gas stream.

In another specific embodiment as shown in fig. 1B, the cross-section of the second electrode 30 is a symmetrically elongated shape. The elongated spreading end on the second electrode provides an increased area to which particulate matter entrained in the gas flow can adhere.

While the electrostatic technology disclosed by the' 801 patent is advantageous over conventional electrically powered fan-filter devices, it would be beneficial to further improve air delivery conditioning efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention provides such an apparatus.

It is an aspect of the present invention to provide an electric air delivery regulator that increases air flow velocity, increases particulate collection, and generates an appropriate amount of ozone.

One embodiment includes one or more focusing or steering electrodes. Each collecting or directing electrode may be arranged upstream of, or even together with, each first electrode. The focusing or directing electrode helps to control the flow of ionized particles in the gas stream. The focusing or steering electrodes shape the electrostatic field generated by each first electrode in the electrode assembly.

Another embodiment includes one or more trailing electrodes. Each trailing electrode may be disposed downstream of the second electrode. The trailing electrode can help to neutralize the ion population exiting embodiments of the present invention and also help to collect ionized particles. The trailing electrode can also enhance the flow of negative ions from the delivery regulator. In addition, the trailing electrode can improve the laminar flow characteristics of the air stream exiting the delivery regulator.

Another embodiment of the invention comprises at least one gap electrode disposed between two second electrodes. The gap electrode may also assist the collection of particulate matter by the second electrode array.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, one or more second electrodes are formed with an enlarged protective tip or trailing surface, which aids in the operation and cleaning of the embodiment.

In another embodiment of the invention, one or more of the first electrodes are elongated in order to enhance the emissive capabilities of the first electrodes.

Other objects, aspects, features and advantages of the present invention can be obtained from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the following claims, in which preferred embodiments are described in detail.

Drawings

FIGS. 1A-1B; FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional plan view of a first embodiment of a motorized feed adjuster according to the prior art; FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional plan view of a second embodiment of a motorized feed adjuster according to the prior art;

FIGS. 2A-2B; FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a motorized delivery regulator housing; FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A with the second electrode removed;

FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention;

FIGS. 4A-4F; FIG. 4A is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electrode assembly according to the present invention; FIG. 4B is a plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A; FIG. 4C is a perspective view of another embodiment of an electrode assembly according to the present invention; FIG. 4D is a plan view of a modified version of the embodiment of FIG. 4C; FIG. 4E is a perspective view of another embodiment of an electrode assembly according to the present invention; FIG. 4F is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 4E;

FIGS. 5A-5B; FIG. 5A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a guide or collection electrode added to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A; FIG. 5B is a plan view of a modified embodiment of the present invention similar to FIG. 5A, showing a guard terminal on each second electrode;

FIGS. 6A-6D; FIG. 6A shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention showing a guide or focus electrode added to the embodiment of FIG. 4C; FIG. 6B is a perspective view of a modified embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 6A; FIG. 6C is a perspective view of a modified embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 6B; FIG. 6D is a modified embodiment of the present invention illustrating a steering or focusing electrode added to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4D;

FIGS. 7A-7C; FIG. 7A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention illustrating a guide or focus electrode added to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4E; FIG. 7B is a perspective view of an embodiment modified from the embodiment shown in FIG. 7A; FIG. 7C is a perspective view of an embodiment modified from the embodiment shown in FIG. 7B;

FIGS. 8A-8C; FIG. 8A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention illustrating another embodiment of a steering or focusing electrode; FIG. 8B is a perspective view of an embodiment modified from the embodiment shown in FIG. 5A; FIG. 8C is a perspective view of yet another embodiment;

FIGS. 9A-9C; FIG. 9A is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9B is a partial view of one embodiment resulting from a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10A; FIG. 9C is another embodiment obtained by modifying the embodiment shown in FIG. 9A;

FIGS. 10A-10D; FIG. 10A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention illustrating a trailing electrode added to the embodiment of FIG. 7A; FIG. 10B is a plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10A; FIG. 10C is a plan view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10D is a plan view of another embodiment of the present invention similar to FIG. 10C;

FIGS. 11A-11F; FIG. 11A is a plan view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11B is a plan view of an embodiment obtained by modifying the embodiment shown in FIG. 11A; FIG. 11C is a plan view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11D is a plan view of an embodiment modified from that shown in FIG. 11C; FIG. 11E is a plan view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11F is a plan view of an embodiment modified from that shown in FIG. 11F; and

FIGS. 12A-12C; FIG. 12A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12B is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12C is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention;

Detailed Description General configuration of air delivery regulator system

Fig. 2A and 2B illustrate an electric air delivery conditioning system 100 having a housing 102 including a preferably rearward intake opening or louver 104 and a preferably forward exhaust opening 106, and a base 108. If desired, a single opening may be provided for both the air intake and air exhaust, with the air inlet and exhaust passages communicating with the opening and the electrode. The housing is preferably freestanding and/or upright and/or elongate. Inside the conveyor housing is an ion generating device 160, preferably controlled by an AC: the DC power supply supplies power thereto and a switch is conveniently provided on the top surface 103 of the device 100, along with other user-operated switches as will be described below. For the system of the present invention to work, nothing else than ambient air needs to come from the conveyor housing, except for an external power source.

The upper surface of the housing 102 has a user accessible lifting handle member 112 that holds a second column 240 of collecting electrodes 242 within the electrode assembly 220. The electrode assembly 220 also includes a first emitter electrode column 230, or a single first electrode as shown here as a single wire or wire-like electrode 232. (the terms "wire" and "wire-like" are used interchangeably herein to mean an electrode made of a wire or a material thicker or harder than the wire that has the appearance of a wire). In the illustrated embodiment, lifting the handle member 112 lifts the second column of electrodes 240 upward, causing the second electrodes to protrude outward from the top of the housing, which can be removed from the device 100 for cleaning if desired, while the first electrode column 230 remains in the device 100. As is evident from the figure, the second column of electrodes can be lifted vertically from the top surface 103 of the device 100 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the elongated housing 102. This arrangement, in which the second electrode array is removable from the top surface 103 of the device 100, allows the user to easily pull the second electrode array for cleaning. In FIG. 2B, the bottom end of second electrode 242 is connected to part 113, and part 113 is connected to mechanism 500, which includes a flexible member and a slot for holding and cleaning first electrode 232 as the user moves handle part 112 up and down.

The first and second column electrodes are connected to the output of the ion generating means 160 as best shown in figure 3.

The general shape of the embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 2A and 2B is the same as that of numeral 8 in cross-section, although other shapes are within the spirit and scope of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the height of the preferred embodiment is 1m from top to bottom, preferably 15cm from left to right in width and about 10cm from front to back in depth, although other sizes and shapes may of course be used. In an economical and practical housing structure, the louvered structure may be provided with air inlets and outlets. There need not be a substantial difference between the tuyeres 104 and 106, except for their location relative to the second electrode column. These vents serve to ensure that sufficient ambient air flow enters or is available to the device 100 and that sufficient ionized air flow containing an appropriate amount of ozone exits the device 100.

As described, when switch S1 is closed to energize device 100, the high voltage or potential generated by ion generating device 160 creates ions on the first electrode that are attracted to the second electrode. The movement of ions IN the "IN" to "OUT" directions entrains ionized air molecules, thus electrokinetically generating an ionized air stream. The "IN" symbol IN FIGS. 2A and 2B represents the inhaled ambient air flow containing particulate matter 60. The "OUT" symbol in the figure represents the purged air effluent, substantially free of particulate matter, which is electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of the second electrode. In the process of generating an ionized gas stream, a beneficial amount of ozone is also generated. It may be desirable to provide electrostatic shielding to the inner surface of the housing 102 to reduce detectable electromagnetic radiation. Such radiation may be reduced, for example, by providing a metal shield within the housing, or by applying a layer of metallic paint to a portion of the interior of the housing.

The housing preferably has a substantially oval or elliptical cross-section with slightly concave lateral grooves. Thus, as described above, the cross-section appears somewhat similar to the shape of the data 8. It is within the scope of the present invention for the housing to have a cross-section of different shapes, such as, but not limited to, rectangular, egg-shaped, teardrop-shaped, or circular. The outer casing is preferably high and thin in profile. It will be apparent that the shape of the casing may be preferred to contain the electrode assembly functionally.

As described above, the housing has an inlet and an outlet. Both the inlet and outlet are covered by fins or louvers. Each fin is an elongated ridge and is spaced from the next fin so that each fin creates minimal resistance as air flows through the housing. The fins are horizontal and point towards the vertically extending upright housing of the device. Thus, the fins in the preferred embodiment are substantially perpendicular to the electrodes. Aligning the inlet and outlet fins gives the device a "see-through" appearance. Thus, the user can see the device from the entrance to the exit. The user does not see moving parts within the housing, but only stationary parts for purifying air passing therethrough. Additionally, in another preferred embodiment, the fins may be parallel to the electrodes. In other embodiments, other orientations of the fins and electrodes are possible.

The ion generating device 160, as best seen in fig. 3, includes a high voltage generator device 170 and circuitry 180 for converting an initial alternating voltage (e.g., 117VAC) to a direct current ("DC") voltage. Circuitry 180 preferably includes circuitry for controlling the shape and/or duty cycle of the generator device output voltage (the control of which is altered using user switch S2). To temporarily provide a burst of ozone output, circuitry 180 preferably also includes a pulse mode element connected to switch S3. Circuitry 180 also includes a timing circuit and visual indicators such as light emitting diodes ("LEDs"). An LED or other indicator (including an audible indicator if desired) signals when the ionizer is deactivated. The timer can automatically stop the generation of particles and/or ozone after a predetermined time, for example 30 minutes.

The high voltage generator means 170 preferably comprises a low voltage tank circuit 190 of frequency about 20KHz, which outputs low voltage pulses to an electronic switch 200, such as a silicon controlled rectifier or the like. The switch 200 switchably supplies a low voltage pulse to the input winding of the step-up transformer T1. The secondary winding of T1 is connected to a high voltage amplifier circuit 210 that outputs high voltage pulses. The circuitry and components comprising the high voltage pulse generator 170 and the circuit 180 are preferably fabricated on a printed circuit board that is mounted within the housing 102. If desired, an external audio input (e.g., from a stereo tuner) may be suitably connected to oscillator 190 to acoustically adjust the motive air flow generated by device 160. The result is a possible electrostatic speaker that makes the output airflow audible to the human ear that can receive the audio input signal. In addition, the output airflow still includes ions and ozone.

The output pulses from the high voltage generator 170 are preferably at least 10KV of amplitude total, with an effective DC offset of, for example, half the amplitude total, and have a frequency of, for example, 20 KHz. The oscillation frequency may comprise other values, but is preferably a frequency of at least about 20KHz, which is inaudible to the human ear. If the pet is in the same room as device 100, a higher frequency may be used to prevent the pet from being restless and/or howling. The burst output preferably has a duty cycle of, for example, 10%, which can extend the life of the battery if no active current is used. Of course, different overall amplitude of oscillation, DC bias, pulse train waveform, duty cycle, and/or repetition frequency may be used instead. In practice, a 100% burst (i.e., a high voltage that is essentially the device) may be used, although the life of the battery may be reduced. Thus, the generator device 170 in this embodiment may be called a high voltage pulse generator. The device 170 acts as a DC: the DC high voltage generator may be implemented using other circuits and/or techniques for outputting high voltage pulses to the electrode assembly 220.

As noted, the effluent gas stream (OUT) preferably includes an appropriate amount of ozone, as ozone can remove odors and destroy or at least substantially alter the bacteria, microorganisms, and other living (or quasi-living) substances contained in the gas stream. Thus, when switch S1 is closed to provide generator 170 with a sufficient activation potential, the pulse from the high voltage pulse generator device 170 generates an effluent stream (OUT) of ionized air and ozone. When switch S1 is closed, the LED will display a visible signal when ionization occurs.

The optimal operating parameters of the device 100 are determined at the time of manufacture and are generally not user adjustable. For example, the flow rate, ion content, and ozone content of the gas may be increased by increasing the peak-to-peak output voltage and/or duty cycle of the high voltage pulses generated by unit 170 in accordance with relevant operating parameters. The user may set these parameters by adjusting switch S2, as described below. In the preferred embodiment, the effluent gas stream has a velocity of about 200 feet per minute, an ion content of about 2,000,000/cc, and an ozone content of about 40ppb (above ambient) to about 2,000ppb (above ambient). Reducing the ratio of the radius of the nose of the second electrode to the radius of the first electrode, or the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the second electrode to the first electrode, to below 20: 1 reduces the flow rate, as well as reducing the peak-to-peak voltage and/or the duty cycle of the high voltage pulses coupled between the first electrode array and the second electrode array.

In practice, the device 100 is placed indoors and connected to a power source with a suitable operating potential, typically 117 VAC. Closing S1 energizes ionization cell 160 and system 100 emits ionized air, preferably also some ozone, through outlet 106. The airflow containing ions and ozone freshens the indoor air, removing or at least reducing undesirable odors, bacteria, microorganisms, etc. The airflow is actually generated electrically because there are no intentional rotating parts in the unit 100. (some mechanical vibration may occur within the electrodes).

Having generally described the various aspects of the present invention, a preferred embodiment of the electrode assembly 220 will now be described. In various embodiments, the electrode assembly 220 includes a first array 230 of at least one electrode or conductive surface 232, and preferably a second array of at least one electrode or conductive surface 242. It is apparent that the material of the electrodes 232 and 242 should be conductive, resistant to corrosion caused by the applied voltage, yet robust to withstand cleaning.

In the various electrode combinations described herein, the electrodes 232 in the first electrode array are preferably made of tungsten. Tungsten is strong enough to withstand cleaning, has a high melting point, and does not melt due to ionization. On the other hand, the electrodes 242 preferably have highly polished outer surfaces to minimize point-to-point radiation. Therefore, the electrode 242 is preferably made of stainless steel and/or, in particular, brass. The polished surface of the electrode 232 also facilitates cleaning.

The electrodes 232 and 242 are lightweight, easy to manufacture, and mass producible as compared to prior art electrodes disclosed in the' 801 patent. Moreover, the electrodes 232 and 242 described herein are more efficient at producing ionized air and appropriate amounts of ozone (shown as O in the figure)₃Representation).Electrode assembly having first and second electrodes FIGS. 4A-4F

Fig. 4A-4F illustrate different configurations of the electrode assembly 220. The output from the high voltage pulse generator device 170 is coupled to an electrode assembly 220 comprising a first electrode array 230 and a second electrode array 240. Further, instead of an electrode array, a single electrode or a single conductive surface may be used in place of one or both of electrode arrays 230 and 240.

The positive output of the device 170 is coupled to a first electrode array 230 and the negative output is coupled to a second electrode array 240. It is believed that the net polarity of the emitted ions is positive, i.e., more positive ions than negative ions are emitted. It has been found that this coupling polarity works very well, including minimizing unwanted audible electrode vibrations and hum. However, when the generated positive ions are conducted to a relatively stationary gas stream, it is desirable from a health standpoint to enrich the outgoing gas stream with negative ions rather than positive ions. It should be noted that in some embodiments, one end of the high voltage pulse generator (preferably the negative end) may actually be ambient air. Thus, the electrodes in the second array do not have to be wired to a high voltage pulse generator. Nevertheless, there is still an "active connection" between the second electrode array and an output of the high voltage pulse generator, here by ambient air. In addition, the negative output of the device 170 is connected to the first electrode array 230 and the positive output is connected to the second electrode array 240.

By this arrangement, an electrostatic gas flow is generated from the first electrode array to the second electrode array. (the flow here refers to "OUT" IN the figures.) thus, the electrode assembly 220 is mounted within the conveyor system 100 such that the second electrode array 240 is closer to the OUT opening and the first electrode array is closer to the IN opening.

When a voltage or pulse from the high voltage pulse generator 170 is coupled through the first and second electrode arrays 230 and 240, a plasma-like field is generated around the electrodes 232 in the first electrode array 230. The electric field ionizes the air between the first and second electrode arrays and produces an "OUT" airflow that moves toward the second electrode array. It will be appreciated that IN air flows IN through the opening 104 and OUT air flows OUT through the opening 106.

Ozone and ions are simultaneously generated by the first electrode array, essentially due to the action of an electric potential from the first electrode array or conductive surface with the generator 170. Ozone generation can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the potential of the first array. Coupling of opposite polarity to the second array electrodes 242 substantially accelerates the movement of ions generated in the first array while generating a gas flow, which is shown as "OUT" in the figure. As the ions and ionized particles move toward the second array, the ions and ionized particles push or move air molecules toward the second electrode array. The relative speed of such movement can be increased by, for example, reducing the potential of the second array relative to the potential of the first array.

For example, if +10KV is applied to the first electrode array and no voltage is applied to the second electrode array, an ion cloud (whose net charge is positive) is formed near the first electrode array. Also, a relatively high voltage of 10KV generates a large amount of ozone. By coupling a relatively low potential to the second electrode array, the velocity of the air mass driven by the net emitted ions can be increased.

On the other hand, if it is desired to maintain the same effective Outflow (OUT) rate while reducing the amount of ozone generated, an exemplary 10KV voltage may be divided between the electrode arrays. For example, the generator 170 may give +4KV (or some other ratio) to the first electrode array and-6 KV (or some other ratio) to the second electrode array. In this example, it is understood that +4KV and-6 KV are measured with respect to geothermy. It will be appreciated that it is preferred that the apparatus 100 be operated to generate an appropriate amount of ozone. It is therefore preferred to distribute the high voltage such that approximately +4KV is applied to the first electrode array and approximately-6 KV is applied to the second electrode array.

In the embodiment of fig. 4A and 4B, the electrode assembly 220 includes a first array 230 of linear electrodes 232 and a second array 240 of "U" shaped electrodes 242. In the preferred embodiment, the number of electrodes N1 making up the first array is preferably different by 1 from the number of electrodes N2 making up the second array 240. In many of the illustrated embodiments, N2 > N1. However, if desired, first electrodes 232 may be added at the exit end of the first electrode array 230, such that N1 > N2, i.e., five first electrodes 232 to 4 second electrodes 242.

As previously noted, the first or emitter electrode 232 is preferably a length of tungsten wire, and the electrode 242 is made from sheet metal, preferably stainless steel, although brass or other sheet metal may be used. For a hollow, elongated "U" shaped electrode 242, the sheet metal can be readily formed into its side regions 244 and nose regions 246. Although fig. 4A shows 4 electrodes 242 in the second array 240 and 3 electrodes 232 in the first array 230, as noted, other numbers of electrodes may be used in each array, as shown, preferably maintaining a symmetrical staggered arrangement. It can be seen IN fig. 4A that although particulate matter 60 is present IN the Incoming (IN) air, the Outgoing (OUT) air is substantially depleted of particulate matter which is adsorbed on the larger surface provided by the second electrode array.

Fig. 4B illustrates that the spaced electrode layouts between the first and second arrays 230 and 240 are staggered. Preferably, each first array electrode 232 is substantially equidistant from two second array electrodes 242. This symmetrical staggered configuration has been found to be a particularly effective electrode layout. In this embodiment, the staggered configuration is preferably symmetrical in geometry, i.e., adjacent electrodes 232 or adjacent electrodes 242 are equidistantly spaced, at distances Y1 and Y2, respectively. However, an asymmetric structure may also be employed. In addition, it is understood that the number of electrodes 232 and 242 used may be different than shown.

In the embodiment of fig. 4A, typical dimensions are as follows: the diameter R1 of electrode 232 is about 0.08mm, the distances Y1 and Y2 are both about 16mm, the distance X1 is about 16mm, the distance L is about 20mm, and the electrode heights Z1 and Z2 are both about 1 m. The width W of the electrodes 242 is preferably about 4mm, and the thickness of the material from which the electrodes 242 are made is about 0.5 mm. Of course, other sizes and shapes may be used. For example, the preferred dimensions for distance X1 are 12-30mm and distance Y2 is 15-30 mm. The diameter of the electrode 232 is preferably a little smaller. Wires with small diameters, such as R1, can generate high voltage fields and have high emission capabilities. Both of these characteristics are advantageous for ion generation. At the same time, it is desirable that the electrodes 232 (and 242) be robust enough to withstand cleaning from time to time.

The electrodes 232 in the first array 230 are coupled by conductors 234 to a first (preferably positive) output of the high voltage pulse generator 170. The electrodes 242 in the second array 240 are coupled to a second (preferably negative) output of the high voltage pulse generator 170 by conductors 249. The electrodes may be electrically connected to conductors 234 or 249 at different locations. By way of example only, fig. 4B shows conductors 249 connected to some of the electrodes 242 within the bulbous end 246, while other electrodes 242 are electrically connected to conductors 249 at other locations on the electrodes 242. Electrical connections to the various electrodes may also be made at the outer surfaces of the electrodes, provided that the amount of air bled is not substantially compromised; it has been found, however, that it is preferable to make the internal connections.

In this embodiment and other embodiments described herein, ionization appears to occur at the electrodes 232 in the first electrode array 230, and the generation of ozone occurs as a function of the high voltage arc. Increasing the peak-to-peak voltage amplitude and/or duty cycle of the pulses from the high voltage pulse generator 170 increases the ozone content of the exiting ionized air stream. If desired, the ozone content can be slightly varied by varying the voltage amplitude and/or duty cycle using user control S2. Circuitry to implement such control is known in the art and need not be described in detail herein.

Note that in fig. 4A and 4B at least one output control electrode 243 is preferably coupled to the same potential as the second electrode array 242. The electrode 243 preferably defines a point on its side, such as a triangle. The tip of electrode 243 generates a large amount of negative ions (because this electrode is coupled with a relatively negative high voltage). These negative ions can neutralize excess positive ions that would otherwise be present in the outgoing airflow, so that the OUT airflow contains a net negative charge. The electrode 243 is preferably stainless steel, copper or other conductive material, about 20mm high at the bottom and about 12mm wide. It has been found that the inclusion of one electrode 243 is sufficient to provide a sufficient number of output negative ions, although more such electrodes may be incorporated.

In the embodiment of fig. 4A, 4B and 4C, each "U" shaped electrode 242 is electrically conveyed by two trailing surfaces or sides 244, which facilitate the egress of ionized air and ozone. For the embodiment of fig. 4C, at least a portion of a trailing edge of electrode region 243' including a pointed tip is included. Electrode region 243' facilitates the generation of negative ions in the same manner as described with reference to fig. 4A and 4B with respect to electrode 243.

In fig. 4C and the following drawings, the particulate matter is omitted for convenience of explanation. However, as can be seen in FIGS. 4A-4B, particulate matter is present in the incoming air and is substantially absent in the outgoing air. As already described, the particulate matter 60 is generally electrostatically attached to the surface region of the electrode 242.

As discussed above and as represented in fig. 4C, it is relatively unimportant where the electrical connections are made to the electrode array. Thus, the two arrays may be connected together in multiple regions, e.g., at the top and bottom, as shown by the conductor 234 electrically connecting them together at the bottom region of the first array electrode 232 and the conductor 249 electrically connecting them together at the middle region of the first array electrode 242. Preferably, wires or strips or other interconnecting means are disposed about the top, bottom or second array electrodes 242 to minimize resistance to movement of the airflow through the housing 210.

It should be noted that the embodiment of fig. 4C and 4D shows a slightly truncated electrode of electrode 242. The dimension L is about 20mm in the embodiment of fig. 4A and 4B, while L is shortened to about 8mm in the embodiment of fig. 4C and 4D. The other dimensions in fig. 4C are preferably the same as described for fig. 4A and 4B. From the shorter trailing edge geometry, it can be appreciated that the structure of the second electrode array 240 shown in fig. 4C is stronger than the structure shown in fig. 4A and 4B. As already indicated, it is preferred for the configuration in fig. 4C that the first electrode array and the second electrode array adopt a symmetrical staggered geometry.

In the embodiment of fig. 4D, the outermost second electrodes, labeled 242-1 and 242-2, are substantially free of the outermost trailing edge. The dimension L in fig. 4D is preferably about 3mm, other dimensions may be the same as described for fig. 4A and 4B. Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 4D, the ratio of the radius or surface area of the first electrode 232 to the second electrode 242 preferably exceeds 20: 1.

Fig. 4E and 4F illustrate another embodiment of an electrode assembly 220 in which a first electrode array 230 includes a single lead electrode 232 and a second electrode array 240 includes a pair of electrodes 242 bent in an "L" shape in cross-section. Unlike the previous embodiment, the typical dimensions of this embodiment are: x1-12 mm, Y2-5 mm, L1-3 mm. The ratio of effective surface areas or radii is also greater than about 20: 1. The fewer electrodes that make up the electrode assembly 220 of fig. 4E and 4F makes it economical to manufacture and also easy to clean, although more than one electrode 232 and more than two electrodes 242 may be used. This particular embodiment also employs the staggered symmetrical arrangement described above, wherein the electrode 232 is equidistant from the two electrodes 242. Other non-equidistant placement geometries are also within the spirit and scope of the present invention.Electrode assembly with upstream collecting electrode: FIGS. 5A-5B

The embodiment illustrated in fig. 5A-5B is similar to the embodiment already described in fig. 4A-4B. The electrode assembly 220 includes a first electrode array 230 and a second electrode array 240. Also, for this and other embodiments, the term "electrode array" may refer to a single electrode or a plurality of electrodes. The number of electrodes 232 of the first electrode array 230 preferably differs from the number of electrodes of the second electrode array 240 by 1. The distances L, X1, Y1, Y2, Z1 and Z2 in this embodiment are the same as previously described in fig. 4A.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the electrode assembly 220 preferably adds a third electrode, or lead electrode, or collection electrode, or directional electrode 224a, 224b, 224c (generally referred to as "electrode 224") upstream of each first electrode 232-1, 232-2, 232-3. The focusing electrode 224 may produce an increased gas flow velocity out of the device 100 or 200. Generally, the third collecting electrode 224 directs the gas flow and ions generated by the first electrode 232 toward the second electrode 242. Each third collecting electrode 224 is located at a position X2 upstream from one of the first electrodes 232. Preferably, the distance X2 is 5-6mm, or four to five times the diameter of the focusing electrode 224. However, the third collecting electrode 224 may be further away or closer to the first electrode 232.

The third collecting electrode 224 shown in fig. 5A is a rod-shaped electrode. The third current collector 224 may also comprise other shapes, preferably not comprising sharp edges. The third current collector 224 is preferably made of a material that does not readily corrode or oxidize, such as stainless steel. In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the third collecting electrode 224 is at least 15 times larger than the diameter of the first electrode 232. The diameter of the third collecting electrode 224 may be larger or smaller. The diameter of the third collecting electrode 224 is preferably large enough so that the third collecting electrode 224 does not function as an ion emitting surface when electrically connected to the first electrode 232. The maximum diameter of the third collecting electrode 224 should be somewhat limited. As the diameter increases, the third focusing electrode 224 will significantly reduce the gas flow rate through the device 100 or 200. Thus, the diameter of the third electrode 224 needs to be balanced between the formation of the non-ion emitting surface and the gas flow characteristics of the device 100 or 200.

In a preferred embodiment, each third collecting electrode 224a, 224b, 224c is electrically connected to the first array 230 and the high voltage pulse generator 170 by a conductor 234. As shown in fig. 5A, the third collecting electrode 224 is electrically connected to the positive outlet of the high voltage pulse generator 170 like the first array 230. Thus, the first electrode 232 and the third collecting electrode 224 generate a positive electric field. Since the electric fields generated by the third collecting electrode 224 and the first electrode 232 are both positive, the electric field generated by the third collecting electrode 224 may push, or point the electric field generated by the first electrode 232 towards the second array 240. For example, the positive field generated by the third collecting electrode 224a pushes or pushes away, or points toward the second array 240, the positive field generated by the third electrode 232-1. In general, the third collecting electrode 224 shapes the electric field generated by each electrode 232 in the first array 230. It is believed that this shaping effect may reduce the amount of ozone generated by the electrode assembly 220 and increase the airflow of the devices 100 and 200.

The ions generated by the first electrode 232 positively charge the particles in the gas stream. As previously described, the positively charged particles are collected by the negatively charged second electrode 242. The third collecting electrode 224 also moves the airflow toward the second electrodes 242 by directing the charged particles toward the trailing edge 244 of each second electrode 242. It is believed that as the airflow is partially focused towards trailing edge 244, the airflow will flow past third collecting electrode 224, which improves the collection rate of electrode assembly 220.

The third collecting electrodes 224 may be disposed at different positions upstream of each first electrode 232. For example only, as shown by extension line B, the third collecting electrode 224B is disposed immediately upstream of the first electrode 232-2 such that the center of the third collecting electrode 224B is coaxial and symmetrically arranged with respect to the first electrode 232-2. Extension line B is located intermediate second electrode 242-2 and second electrode 242-3.

In addition, the third collecting electrode 224 may also be disposed at an angle with respect to the first electrode 232. For example, as shown by extension line A, the third collecting electrode 224a may be upstream of the first electrode 232-1 along a line extending from the middle of the nose portion 246 of the second electrode 242-2 and through the center of the first electrode 232-1. The third collecting electrode 224a is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the first electrode 232-1 along the extension line a. Similarly, as shown by extension line C, the third collecting electrode 224C may be upstream of the first electrode 232-3 along a line extending from the middle of the nose portion 246 of the second electrode 242-3 and through the center of the first electrode 232-3. The third collecting electrode 224C is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the first electrode 232-3 along the extension line C. It is within the scope of the present invention for the electrode assembly 220 to include a collector electrode 24 that is directly upstream of and at an angle to the first electrode 232, as shown in fig. 5A. The collecting electrode is thus fanned out with respect to the first electrode.

Fig. 5B illustrates that the electrode assembly 220 may include a plurality of third collecting electrodes 224 located upstream of each first electrode 232. For example only, as shown in extension a, the third collecting electrode 224a2 is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with respect to the third collecting electrode 224a 1. In the preferred embodiment, only the third collecting electrodes 224a1, 224b1, 224c1 are electrically connected to the high voltage pulse generator 170 by conductor 234. Therefore, not all of the third electrodes 224 are at the same operating potential. In the embodiment shown in fig. 5B, the third collecting electrodes 224a1, 224B1, 224c1 are at the same potential as the first electrode 232, while the potentials of the third collecting electrodes 224a2, 224B2, 224c2 are floating. In addition, the third collecting electrodes 224a2, 224b2, 224c2 may also be electrically connected to the high voltage pulse generator 170 via a conductor 234.

Fig. 5B illustrates that each second electrode 242 may also have a guard terminal 241. In the previous embodiment, each "U" shaped second electrode 242 has an open end. Typically, the end of each trailing side or sidewall 244 contains a sharp edge. The gaps between the trailing edges or sidewalls 244 and the sharp edges at the ends of the trailing edges or sidewalls 244 can create undesirable vortices. The vortex creates a "reverse" or flow of air from the outlet to the inlet, which reduces the air flow velocity of the device 100 or 200.

In a preferred embodiment, the guard end 241 is manufactured by forming or rolling the trailing edges or sidewalls 244 inwardly and pressing them together to form a rounded trailing end with no gaps between the trailing edges or sidewalls 244 of each second electrode 242. Thus, the side walls have outer surfaces and the outer surfaces of the side walls are curved rearwardly adjacent the trailing ends of the side walls so that the outer surfaces of the side walls abut one another, or face one another, or contact one another. Thus, a rounded trailing edge is integrally formed on the second electrode. It is within the scope of the present invention to spot weld the rounded ends together along the length of the second electrode 242, if desired. It is within the scope of the present invention to form the protective ends by other means such as, but not limited to, spanning the entire length of the second electrode 242 with a strip of plastic across the end of each trailing edge 244. This rounded or cap-shaped end is a modification on the previous electrode 242 such that the protective tip 241 is not required. Eliminating the gap between the trailing edges 244 may also reduce or eliminate eddy currents that are typically generated by the second electrode 242. The rounded protective tip also provides a smooth surface for cleaning the second electrode. Thus, in this embodiment, the collector electrode is an integrally formed electrode having a guard terminal.FIGS. 6A-6D

Fig. 6A illustrates an electrode assembly 220 that includes a first array of electrodes 230 having three wire-like first electrodes 232-1, 232-2, 232-3 (generally referred to as "electrodes 232") and a second array of electrodes 240 having four "U" shaped second electrodes 242-1, 242-2, 242-3, 242-4 (generally referred to as "electrodes 242"). To illustrate that the first electrodes 232 and the second electrodes 242 may be electrically connected at different positions, for example, each first electrode 232 is electrically connected to the high voltage pulse generator 170 at the bottom, and each second electrode 242 is electrically connected to the high voltage pulse generator 170 at the middle.

The second electrode 242 in fig. 6A is similar to the second electrode 242 shown in fig. 4C. The distance L is shortened to about 8mm to other dimensions X1, Y1, Y2, Z1, Z2 similar to those shown in fig. 4A.

A third steering or focusing electrode 224 is disposed upstream of each first electrode 232. The innermost third collecting electrode 224B is disposed immediately upstream of the first electrode 232-2 as indicated by the extension line B. The extension line B is disposed between the second electrodes 242-2 and 242-3. The third collecting electrodes 224a, 224c are angled with respect to the first electrodes 232-1, 232-3. For example, as shown by extension line A, the third collecting electrode 224a may be upstream of the first electrode 232-1 along a line extending from the middle of the nose portion 246 of the second electrode 242-2 and through the center of the first electrode 232-1. As shown by extension line C, the third electrode 224C may be upstream of the first electrode 232-3 along a line extending from the middle of the nose 246 of the second electrode 242-3 and through the center of the first electrode 232-3. Preferably the focusing electrode is fanned relative to the first electrode to direct the flow of ions and charged particles. Fig. 6B illustrates that the third collecting electrode 224 and the first electrode 232 can be electrically connected to the high voltage pulse generator 170 through a conductor 234.

Fig. 6C illustrates that a pair of third collecting electrodes 224 may be disposed upstream of each first electrode 232. Preferably, the plurality of focusing electrodes 224 are coaxial and symmetrically arranged with respect to each other. For example, the third collecting electrode 224a2 is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the third collecting electrode 224a1 along the extension line a. As previously described, preferably only the third collecting electrodes 224a1, 224b1, 224c1 are electrically connected to the first electrode 232 via conductor 234. It is also within the scope of the present invention that the third collecting electrode 224 is not electrically connected to either or both of the high voltage pulse generators 170.

Fig. 6D illustrates the addition of a third current collector 224 to the electrode assembly 220 shown in fig. 4D. The third collecting electrode 224 is preferably disposed upstream of each first electrode 232. For example, as shown by the extension line B, the third collecting electrode 224B is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with respect to the first electrode 232-2. The extension line B is disposed between the second electrodes 242-2 and 242-3. The third collecting electrode 224a is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the first electrode 232-1 as shown by the extension line a. Similarly, the third electrode 224C is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with respect to the first electrode 232-3 as indicated by the extended line C. Extension lines A-C extend from the middle of the nose portion 246 of the "U" shaped second electrodes 242-2, 242-3 and through the first electrodes 232-1, 232-3, respectively. In a preferred embodiment, the third electrodes 224a, 24b, 224c may be electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170 via wires 234. The embodiment also includes a pair of third electrodes 224 located upstream of each first electrode 232 shown in fig. 6C.FIGS. 7A-7C

Fig. 7A-7C illustrate that the electrode assembly 220 shown in fig. 4E may include a third collecting electrode located upstream of the first array electrode 230, wherein the first array electrode includes a single line electrode 232. Preferably, as shown by an extension line B, the center of the third collecting electrode 224 is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the center of the first electrode 232. The extension line B is disposed in the middle of the second electrode 242. The distances X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Z1 and Z2 are similar to the previously described embodiments. The first electrode 232 and the second electrode 242 may be electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170 via conductors 234, 249, respectively. It is within the scope of the present invention to interface the first and second electrodes with the high voltage generator 170 (i.e., the first electrode 232 may be negatively charged and the second electrode 242 may be positively charged). In a preferred embodiment, the third collecting electrode 224 may also be electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170.

Fig. 7B illustrates that a pair of third collecting electrodes 224a, 24B may be disposed upstream of the first electrode 232. The third collecting electrodes 224a, 224B are coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the first electrode 232 as shown by the extension line B. The extension line B is disposed in the middle of the second electrode 242. It is preferable that the distance between the third collecting electrode 224b and the third collecting electrode 224a is equal to the diameter of the third collecting electrode 224. In the preferred embodiment, only the third collecting electrode 224a is electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170. It is also within the scope of the present invention that both third collecting electrodes 224a, 224b are electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170.

Fig. 7C illustrates that each third collecting electrode 224 may be disposed at an angle with respect to the first electrode 232. As in the previous embodiment, a third collecting electrode 224a1, 224b1 is provided upstream X2 from the first electrode 232. For example only, as shown by extension line a, the third collecting electrodes 224a1, 224a2 may be disposed along a line extending from the middle of the second electrode 242-2 and passing through the center of the first electrode 232. Similarly, as shown by the extension line B, the third collecting electrodes 224B1, 224B2 may be disposed along a line extending from the middle of the second electrode 242-1 and passing through the center of the first electrode 232. The third collecting electrode 224a2 is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the third collecting electrode 224a1 along the extension line a. Similarly, the third collecting electrode 224B2 is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the third collecting electrode 224B1 along the extension line B. The third collecting electrode 224 is fanned out and forms a "V" shape upstream of the first electrode 232. In the preferred embodiment, only the third collecting electrodes 224a1 and 224b1 are electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170 by conductor 234. It is also within the scope of the present invention to electrically connect the third collecting electrodes 224a and 224b2 to the high voltage generator 170.FIGS. 8A-8B

The electrode assembly 220 of the previously described embodiment discloses a rod-shaped third collecting electrode 224 located upstream of each first electrode 232. Fig. 8A illustrates another structure of the third collecting electrode 224. By way of example only, the electrode assembly 220 may include a "U" shaped or approximately "C" shaped third collecting electrode 224 located upstream of each first electrode 232. In addition, the third collecting electrode 224 may have other curved structures such as, but not limited to, circular, elliptical, and parabolic shapes and other concave shapes facing the first electrode 232. In a preferred embodiment, the third collecting electrode 224 has an aperture 225 extending through the third collecting electrode, forming an apertured surface to minimize the resistance of the third collecting electrode 224 to gas flow.

In a preferred embodiment, third collecting electrode 224 is electrically connected to high voltage generator 170 by conductor 234. The third collecting electrode 224 in fig. 8A is preferably a non-ion emitting surface. As in the previous embodiment, the third collecting electrode 224 generates a positive electric field and pushes or forces the electric field generated by the first electrode 232 towards the second array 240.

Fig. 8B illustrates that an apertured "U" or "C" shaped third current collector 224 may be added to the electrode assembly 220 shown in fig. 4A. Even though only two configurations of electrode assemblies 220 having perforated "U" -shaped or "C" -shaped third collecting electrodes 224 are shown, such perforated "U" -shaped third collecting electrodes 224 may be incorporated in all embodiments depicted in fig. 5A-12C. It is also within the scope of the present invention to have a multiplexed apertured "U" shaped third collecting electrode 224 located upstream of each first electrode 232. Additionally, in other embodiments the "U" shaped third collecting electrode 224 may be made of a screen or mesh.

Fig. 8C illustrates the third collecting electrode 224 as represented in fig. 8B, except that the third collecting electrode 224 is rotated 180 deg. to predispose a convex surface facing the first electrode 232 to focus and direct the fields of ions and gas flow from the first electrode 232 to the second electrode 242. These third collecting electrodes 224 shown in fig. 8A-8C are arranged along extension lines a, B, C as in the previously described embodiments.FIGS. 9A-9C

Fig. 9A illustrates a needle ring structure of an electrode assembly 220. The electrode assembly 220 includes a tapered or triangular first electrode 232, an annular second electrode 242 located downstream of the first electrode 232, and an annular third collecting electrode 250 located upstream of the first electrode 232. The third collecting electrode 250 may be electrically connected with the high voltage generator 170. Preferably, the collector electrode 250 is spaced from the first electrode 232 as described in other embodiments herein. In addition, the third collecting electrode 250 may have a floating potential. Electrode assembly 220 may include a plurality of such needle-like and ring-like elements, as represented by dashed elements 232 ', 242'. As shown in fig. 9A, a plurality of such needle ring structures may be placed one on top of the other along the direction of elongation of the inventive housing. This pin ring structure can of course work in another embodiment without the third collecting electrode. It will be appreciated that the needle ring structure may be upstanding and extend in the elongate direction of the housing and may be used instead of, for example, the first and second electrodes as shown in figure 2B, or may be removable as shown in figure 2B. Preferably, the first electrode 232 is a tungsten wire and the second electrode is stainless steel. Typical dimensions in the embodiment of fig. 9A are: l1 ≈ 10mm, X1 ≈ 9.5mm, T ≈ 0.5mm, and diameter ≈ 12mm of the opening 246.

The electrical characteristics and features of the third collecting electrode 250 are the same as those of the third collecting electrode 224 described in the previous embodiment. Unlike the rod-like physical characteristics of the previous embodiment, the third collecting electrode 250 is shaped as a concave circular disk, and the concave surface preferably faces the second electrode 242. The third collecting electrode 250 preferably has holes extending therethrough to minimize disruption of the gas flow. Including other shapes such as, but not limited to, convex disks, parabolic disks, spherical disks, or other concave or convex or rectangular, or other planar surfaces, within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The diameter of the third collecting electrode 250 is preferably at least 15 times larger than the diameter of the first electrode 232. The collecting electrode 250 may also be made of a mesh or net.

The second electrode 242 has an opening 246. In this embodiment, the opening 246 is preferably circular. The opening 246 may include other shapes such as, but not limited to, rectangular, hexagonal, or octagonal. The second electrode 242 has a flange 247 surrounding an opening 246 (see fig. 9B). The flange 247 may adsorb dust contained in the airflow passing through the opening 246. As seen in fig. 9B and 9C, the flange 247 includes an elongated tubular portion 248 that can collect particles. Therefore, the airflow k emitted by the electrode assembly 220 contains a reduced amount of dust therein.

Other similar needle ring embodiments are shown in fig. 9B-9C. For example, the first electrode 232 includes a rod-shaped electrode having a tapered end. In fig. 9B, a detailed cross-sectional view of the central portion of the second electrode 242 in fig. 9A is shown. Preferably, the flange 247 is disposed relative to the first electrode 232 such that the ionization path from the tip of the first electrode 232 to the flange 247 is substantially the same. Thus, when the tip (emission end) of the first electrode 232 is small enough to concentrate the electric field, the adjoining region of the second electrode 242 preferably provides a plurality of equidistant inter-electrode paths. The theoretical lines of electric force are shown in dashed lines in fig. 9B and 9C, which are curved surfaces emanating from the first electrode 232 and terminating with the second electrode 242. Preferably, most of the field is emitted within a range of about 45 of concentricity between the first electrode 232 and the second electrode 242.

In fig. 9C, one or more of the first electrodes 232 are replaced by a carbon fiber conductive block 232 "having a distal surface on which the fibers 233-1, 233-N extend to present a" bed of nails "appearance. The protruding fibers can each act as an emitter and can provide multiple emitting surfaces. Over time, some or all of the electrodes will be completely consumed, and the conductive block 232 "will be replaced. Any material except graphite may be used as the conductive block 232 "as long as it has conductive fibers protruding as 233-N on the surface.Electrode assembly with downstream trailing electrode FIGS. 10A-10D

Fig. 10A-10C illustrate an electrode assembly 220 that includes an array of trailing electrodes 245 as shown in fig. 7A incorporated into the electrode assembly 220. It is understood that another embodiment similar to that of fig. 10A including a trailing electrode or an electrode without a focusing electrode is within the spirit and scope of the invention. Referring now to fig. 10A-10B, each trailing electrode 245 is disposed downstream of the second array electrode 240. Preferably, the trailing electrode 245 is positioned at least three times the radius R2 downstream from the second electrode 242 (see fig. 10B). In addition, the trailing electrodes 245 are preferably located immediately downstream of each second electrode 242 so as not to impede the flow of the gas stream. In addition, trailing electrode 245 is aerodynamically smooth, such as circular, elliptical, or teardrop in cross-section, so as not to unduly impede the smoothness of the airflow thereat. In a preferred embodiment, the trailing electrode 245 is electrically connected to the output of the high voltage generator 170 like the second array electrode 240. As shown in fig. 10A, the second electrode 242 and the trailing electrode 245 are negatively charged. This arrangement introduces more negative ions into the air stream. Alternatively, if the trailing electrode 245 is not electrically connected, it may have a floating potential. The trailing electrode 245 may also be grounded in other embodiments. Also, as shown in FIG. 10D, the trailing electrode 245 can be formed from a sheet of metal from which the second electrode is formed and shaped the same as the second electrode and then extended to the position of the trailing electrode to form a hollow trailing electrode having a peripheral wall shaped similarly to the outer surface of the trailing electrode shown in FIG. 10C.

When the trailing electrode 245 is electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170, the positive charged particles in the gas stream are simultaneously attracted to and collected on the trailing electrode. In a typical electrode assembly without a trailing electrode 245, most of the particles will collect at the surface area of the second electrode 242. However, some particles that are not collected by the second electrode 242 will pass through the device 200. Thus, the trailing electrode 245 acts as a second surface area for collecting the positive charged particles. While the trailing electrode 245 also deflects the charged particles towards the second electrode.

The trailing electrode 245 preferably emits a small amount of negative ions into the airflow. These negative ions will neutralize the positive ions emitted by the first electrode 232. If the positive ions emitted by the first electrode 232 are not neutralized before the airflow reaches the outlet 260, the outlet fins 212 become charged and particles in the airflow may tend to stick to the fins 212. If this occurs, the particles eventually collected by the fins 212 will impede or minimize the airflow exiting the device 200.

Fig. 10C illustrates another embodiment of an electrode assembly 220 having a trailing electrode 245 added in an embodiment similar to that shown in fig. 7C. The trailing electrodes 245 are located downstream of the second array 240, similar to the previously described embodiments. It is within the scope of the present invention to electrically connect the trailing electrode 245 to the high voltage generator 170. As shown in fig. 10C, all of the third collecting electrodes 224 are electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170. In a preferred embodiment, only the third collecting electrodes 224a1, 224b1 are electrically connected to the high voltage pulse generator 170. The third collecting electrodes 224a2, 224b2 have a floating potential.With a polymerElectrode of different combinations of collector, trailing and enhanced second electrode with guard end Assembly FIGS. 11A-11D

Fig. 11A illustrates an electrode assembly 220 including a first array of electrodes 230 having two wire-like electrodes 232-1, 232-2 (generally referred to as "electrodes 232"), and a second array of electrodes 240 having three "U" shaped electrodes 242-1, 242-2, 242-3 (generally referred to as "electrodes 242"). For example, this structure is different from the structure of fig. 9A in that three first emitter electrodes 232 and four second collector electrodes 242 are contained.

Upstream X2 from each first electrode 232 is a third collecting electrode 224. Each third collecting electrode 224a, 224b is angled with respect to the first electrode 232. For example, as shown by extension line A, the third collecting electrode 224a is preferably disposed along a line extending from the middle of the nose portion 246 of the second electrode 242-2 and passing through the center of the first electrode 232-1. The third collecting electrode 224a is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the first electrode 232-1 along the extension line a. Similarly, as shown by the extension line B, the third collecting electrode 224B may be disposed along a line extending from the middle of the nose portion 246 of the second electrode 242-2 and passing through the center of the first electrode 232-3. The third collecting electrode 224B is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the first electrode 232-2 along the extension line B. As previously described, the diameter of each third collecting electrode 224 is preferably at least 15 times larger than the diameter of the first electrode 232.

As shown in fig. 11A, each second electrode preferably has a guard end 241, similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 5B. In a preferred embodiment, the third collecting electrode 224 is electrically connected to a high voltage generator 170 (not shown). It is within the spirit and scope of the present invention that the third collecting electrode 224 is not electrically connected.

Fig. 11B illustrates that a multiplexed third collector 224 can be disposed upstream of each first emitter 232. For example, the third collecting electrode 224a2 is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the third collecting electrode 224a1 along the extension line a. Similarly, the third collecting electrode 224B2 is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the third collecting electrode 224B1 along the extension line B. It is within the spirit and scope of the present invention that the third collecting electrode 224 is not electrically connected to either or both of the high voltage pulse generator 170. In a preferred embodiment, only the third collecting electrodes 224a1, 224b1 are electrically connected to the high voltage pulse generator 170, while the third collecting electrodes 224a2, 224b2 have a float potential.

Fig. 11C illustrates that the electrode assembly 220 shown in fig. 11A can also include a trailing electrode 245 downstream of each second electrode 242. Each trailing electrode 245 is coaxial with the second electrode so as not to impede airflow through the second electrode 242. Each trailing electrode 245 is preferably disposed downstream from each second electrode 242 by a distance that is at least 3 times the width of the second electrode 242. It is within the scope of the invention to locate the trailing electrode at other positions downstream. The trailing electrode 245 preferably has a diameter no greater than the width of the second electrode 242 so as not to impede the flow of air away from the second electrode 242.

One aspect of the trailing electrode 245 is to direct the airflow away from the second electrode 242 and make the airflow exiting the outlet 260 more laminar. Another aspect of the trailing electrode 245 is to neutralize the positive ions generated by the first array 230 and collect the particles in the airflow. As shown in fig. 11C, each trailing electrode 245 is electrically connected to the second electrode 242 by a wire 248. Thus, the trailing electrode 245 is negatively charged and acts like the second electrode 242 as a collection surface, adsorbing positively charged particles in the gas stream. As previously described, the electrically connected trailing electrode 245 also emits negative ions to neutralize the positive ions emitted by the first electrode 232.

Fig. 11D illustrates that a pair of third collecting electrodes 224 may be disposed upstream of each first electrode 232. For example, third collecting electrode 224a2 is located upstream of third collecting electrode 224a1 such that third collecting electrodes 224a1, 224a2 are coaxial with each other along extension line a and are symmetrically arranged. Similarly, the third collecting electrode 224B2 is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the third collecting electrode 224B1 along the extension line B. As previously described, preferably only the third collecting electrodes 224a1, 224b1 are electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170, while the third collecting electrodes 224a2, 224b2 have a float potential. It is within the spirit and scope of the present invention that the third collecting electrode 224 is not electrically connected to either or both of the high voltage generators 170And (5) enclosing.Electrode assembly having a second collector electrode comprising a gap electrode FIGS. 11E-11F

FIG. 11E illustrates another embodiment of an electrode assembly 220 having gap electrodes 246. In this embodiment, the gap electrode 246 is disposed in the middle of the second electrode 242. For example, the gap electrode 246a is disposed in the middle of the second electrodes 242-1, 242-2, and the gap electrode 246b is disposed in the middle of the second electrodes 242-2, 242-3. Preferably, the gap electrodes 246a, 246b are electrically connected to the first electrode 232 and generate a positively or negatively charged electric field as the first electrode 232. The gap electrode 246 and the first electrode 232 have the same polarity. Thus, particles flowing through the gap electrode 246 will be forced by the gap electrode 246 toward the second electrode 242. In addition, the gap electrode may have a floating potential or ground.

It is understood that the gap electrodes 246a, 246b may also be closer to one second electrode than the other. Also as shown in FIG. 11E, the gap electrodes 246a, 246b are preferably disposed substantially beside the end or guard 241 of the trailing edge 244 or at the end or guard 241 of the trailing edge 244. Further, the gap electrode may be arranged substantially along a line between the two trailing portions or the second electrode end. These rear positions are preferred in order for the second collection electrode 242 to collect more particles from the gas stream, even though the gap electrode can force the positively charged particles to deflect toward the trailing edge 244 along the entire length of the negatively charged second collection electrode 242.

Further, the gap electrodes 246a, 246b can be disposed upstream along the trailing edge 244 of the second collecting electrode 242. However, the closer the gap electrodes 246a, 246b are to the nose portion 246 of the second electrode 242, the less efficient the gap electrodes 246a, 246b are generally in moving the positive particles toward the entire length of the second electrode 242. Preferably, the gap electrodes 246a, 246b are linear and relatively small, or substantially smaller in diameter, than the width "W" of the second collector electrode 242. For example, the diameter of the gap electrode is the same as or comparable to the diameter of the first electrode. For example, the gap electrode has a diameter of 1/16 inches. Further, the diameter of the gap electrodes 246a, 246b is substantially smaller than the distance between the second collecting electrodes, indicated by Y2. Further, the length or diameter of the gap electrode in the downstream direction is substantially less than the length of the second electrode in the downstream direction. The reason for this size requirement for the gap electrodes 246a, 246b is to minimize the effect that the gap electrodes 246a, 246b have on the gas flow velocity exiting the device 100 or 200.

Fig. 11F illustrates that the electrode assembly 220 in fig. 1E may include a pair of third electrodes 224 located upstream of each first electrode 232. As previously described, the pair of third electrodes 224 are preferably coaxially and symmetrically arranged with respect to each other. For example, the third collecting electrode 224a2 is coaxially and symmetrically arranged with the third collecting electrode 224a1 along the extension line a. The extension line A preferably extends from the middle of the nose 246 of the second electrode 242-2 and through the first electrode 232-1. As previously described, in the preferred embodiment, only the third collecting electrodes 224a1, 224b1 are electrically connected to the high voltage generator 170. In fig. 11F, a plurality of gap electrodes 246a and 246b are disposed between the second electrodes 242. In order to force the particles towards the second electrode, it is preferred that the gap electrodes are coaxial and have a potential gradient with increasing voltage potential on each successive gap electrode in the downstream direction. In this case, the voltage on the gap electrode will be of the same sign as the voltage on the second electrode 232.Electrode assembly with relaxed enhanced first emitter FIGS. 12A-12C

The previously described embodiments of the electrode assembly 220 include a first array electrode 230 having at least one line electrode 232. It is within the scope of the present invention for the first array electrodes 230 to include electrodes of other shapes and configurations.

Fig. 12A illustrates that the first array electrode 230 may comprise a curved line electrode 252. The curved wire electrode 252 is an ion emitting surface that generates an electric field similar to the wire electrode 232 described above. Also similar to the previous embodiment, each second electrode 242 is "downstream" and each third electrode 224 is "upstream" with respect to the curved line electrode 252. The electrical characteristics and features of the second electrode 242 and the third electrode 224 are similar to the embodiment previously described and illustrated in fig. 5A. It is understood that the alternative embodiment of fig. 12A may eliminate the focusing electrode and remain within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 12A, positive ions are generated and emitted by the first electrode 252. Generally, the number of positive ions generated and emitted by the first electrode is proportional to the surface area of the first electrode. The height Z1 of the first electrode 252 is equal to the height Z1 of the wire electrode 232 described previously. However, the total length of the first electrode 252 is greater than the total length of the line electrode 232. By way of example only, in a preferred embodiment, if the electrode 252 is straightened, the curved or relaxed wire electrode 252 is 15-30% longer than the rod or wire electrode 232. Electrode 252 is relaxed to achieve a smaller height Z1. When the wire is held loose, the wire may form a curved shape similar to the first electrode 252 as shown in fig. 12A. The electrode 252 may translate a greater length into a greater surface area than the wire electrode 232. Thus, electrode 252 will generate and emit more ions than electrode 232. Ions emitted by the first electrode array adhere to particulate matter in the gas stream. The charged particles are attracted to and collected by the oppositely charged second collecting electrode 242. Because the electrode 252 generates and emits more ions than the electrode 232 described above, more particles will be removed from the gas stream.

Fig. 12B illustrates that the first array electrode 230 may include a flat coil (flat coil) line electrode 254. Each of the flat wound coil wire electrodes 254 also has a larger surface area than the wire electrode 232 described previously. By way of example only, if the electrode 254 were straightened, the overall length of the electrode 254 would be 10% longer than the overall length of the electrode 232. Since the height of the electrode 254 is maintained at Z1, the electrode 254 has a "kink" configuration as shown in FIG. 12B. Electrode 254 translates greater length into greater surface area than electrode 232. Thus, electrode 254 will generate and emit more ions than electrode 232. It is understood that the alternative embodiment of fig. 12C may eliminate the focusing electrode and remain within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Fig. 12C illustrates that the first array electrode 230 may also include a coiled wire electrode 256. Again, the height Z1 of electrode 256 is similar to the height Z1 of electrode 232 described previously. However, the total length of the electrode 256 is greater than the total length of the wire electrode 232. In a preferred embodiment, if the coiled electrode 256 is straightened, the total length of the coiled electrode 256 will be 2 to 3 times the total length of the wire electrode 232. Thus, the coiled electrode 256 has a larger surface area than the wire electrode 232 and is able to generate and emit more ions than the electrode 232. The diameter of the coiled wire from which electrode 256 is made is similar to the diameter of electrode 232. The diameter of electrode 256 is preferably 1-3mm, but may be smaller to conform to the diameter of first emitter 232. The diameter of the electrode 256 should be small enough so that the electrode 256 has a high emission capability and becomes an emission surface. It is understood that the alternative embodiment of fig. 12C may eliminate the focusing electrode and remain within the scope of this invention.

The electrodes 252, 254 and 256 shown in fig. 12A-12C may be incorporated into the structure of any of the electrode assemblies 220 previously described herein.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The precise forms disclosed are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. Many modifications and variations may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the subject and spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best describe the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to understand the invention and the embodiments for various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims (112)

1. An ionizer, comprising:

a first electrode;

a second electrode;

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode to generate an airflow in a downstream direction from the first electrode to the second electrode when energized;

a focusing electrode disposed upstream of the first electrode for focusing the gas flow toward the second electrode.

2. The generator of claim 1, wherein the collecting electrode emits substantially fewer ions than the first electrode.

3. The generator of claim 1, wherein the focusing electrode is one of a rod, a wire, a plate, a concave, a convex shape.

4. The generator of claim 1, wherein the collecting electrode is electrically connected to the first electrode.

5. The generator of claim 1, wherein the focusing electrode is coaxial with and symmetrically aligned with the first electrode and the second electrode.

6. The generator of claim 1 comprising two second electrodes, wherein the focusing electrode is coaxial with the first electrode and symmetrically arranged with respect to the first and second electrodes.

7. The generator of claim 1 wherein the first electrode has a first diameter and the collecting electrode has a second diameter, and wherein the second diameter of the collecting electrode is at least 15 times greater than the first diameter of the first electrode.

8. The generator of claim 1 wherein said focusing electrode has a curved surface.

9. The generator of claim 1 wherein said focusing electrode has a curved surface with a plurality of holes.

10. The generator of claim 1, comprising a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes, and a plurality of collecting electrodes, wherein the collecting electrodes are fanned out.

11. The generator of claim 1, comprising a plurality of fan-out focusing electrodes.

12. The generator of claim 1 comprising a plurality of collecting electrodes.

13. The generator of claim 1, comprising a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of pairs of collecting electrodes, each pair of collecting electrodes being connected to at least one of the first electrodes.

14. The generator of claim 1, comprising a pair of collecting electrodes connected to the first electrode.

15. The generator of claim 1, comprising a pair of collecting electrodes coaxially and symmetrically arranged with respect to the first and second electrodes.

16. The generator of claim 1 comprising two second electrodes and a pair of focusing electrodes, wherein the pair of focusing electrodes are coaxial with the first electrode and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first and second electrodes.

17. The generator of claim 1, wherein the focusing electrode has a diameter and is located upstream from the first electrode by a distance of about 4 or 5 times the diameter of the focusing electrode.

18. The generator of claim 1, wherein the collecting electrode is concave in a direction facing the first electrode.

19. The generator of claim 1, wherein the collecting electrode is convex in a direction facing the first electrode.

20. The generator of claim 1 wherein the first electrode is an ion emitter and the second electrode is a particulate matter collector.

21. The generator of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is positively charged and the second electrode is negatively charged.

22. The generator of claim 1 wherein said focusing electrode is a concave disk facing in the direction of the first electrode.

23. The generator of claim 1 wherein said collecting electrode is a perforated concave disk facing the direction of the first electrode.

24. The generator of claim 22, wherein the first electrode is needle-shaped.

25. The generator of claim 23, wherein the first electrode is needle-shaped.

26. The generator of claim 1 comprising a plurality of collecting electrodes forming a "V" shape.

27. The generator of claim 1, wherein the first electrode has a diameter substantially smaller than a diameter of the collecting electrode, such that the first electrode emits substantially more ions than the collecting electrode.

28. An ionizer comprising:

a first electrode;

a second electrode;

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode to generate an airflow in a downstream direction from the first electrode to the second electrode when energized;

means disposed upstream of the first electrode for focusing the gas flow toward the second electrode.

29. The generator of claim 28, wherein the focusing device emits substantially fewer ions than the first electrode.

30. The generator of claim 28 wherein said focusing electrode is one of a rod, wire, planar, concave, convex shape.

31. The generator of claim 28, wherein the focusing means is electrically connected to the first electrode.

32. The generator of claim 28, wherein the focusing means is coaxial with and symmetrically aligned with the first electrode and the second electrode.

33. The generator of claim 28 comprising two second electrodes, wherein the focusing means is coaxial with the first electrode and symmetrically arranged with respect to the first and second electrodes.

34. The generator of claim 28, wherein the first electrode has a first diameter and the focusing means has a second diameter, and wherein the second diameter of the focusing means is at least 15 times greater than the first diameter of the first electrode.

35. The generator of claim 28, wherein said coalescing means has a curved surface.

36. The generator of claim 28, wherein said coalescing means has a curved surface with a plurality of apertures.

37. The generator of claim 28, comprising a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes, wherein the focusing means is fanned relative to the plurality of first electrodes.

38. The generator of claim 28, wherein the focusing assembly is fanned out.

39. The generator of claim 28, wherein the focusing means has a diameter and is located upstream from the first electrode by a distance of about 4 or 5 times the diameter of the focusing means.

40. The generator of claim 28, wherein said focusing means is concave in a direction facing the first electrode.

41. The generator of claim 28 wherein said focusing means is convex in a direction facing the first electrode.

42. The generator of claim 28 wherein the first electrode is an ion emitter and the second electrode is a particulate matter collector.

43. The generator of claim 28, wherein the first electrode is positively charged and the second electrode is negatively charged.

44. The generator of claim 28 wherein said focusing means is a concave disk facing in the direction of the first electrode.

45. The generator of claim 28 wherein said focusing means is a concave disk having an aperture facing the direction of the first electrode.

46. The generator of claim 28, wherein the gathering device is "V" shaped.

47. The generator of claim 28, wherein the first electrode has a diameter substantially smaller than a diameter of the focusing assembly, such that the first electrode is capable of emitting substantially more ions than the focusing assembly.

48. An apparatus for delivering and conditioning air, comprising:

a housing having an air inlet and an air outlet;

a first electrode;

a second electrode;

the first electrode is closer to the air inlet than the second electrode;

the second electrode is closer to the air outlet than the first electrode;

a potential generator electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode to generate an airflow in a downstream direction from the first electrode to the second electrode when energized; and

a focusing electrode disposed upstream of the first electrode for focusing the gas flow toward the second electrode.

49. An apparatus for delivering and conditioning air, comprising:

a housing having an air inlet and an air outlet;

a first electrode;

a second electrode;

the first electrode is closer to the air inlet than the second electrode;

the second electrode is closer to the air outlet than the first electrode;

a potential generator electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode to generate an airflow in a downstream direction from the first electrode to the second electrode when energized; and

a focusing device disposed upstream of the first electrode for focusing the gas flow toward the second electrode.

50. Method for conveying and conditioning air, comprising the steps of:

generating an electrical potential between the first electrode and the second electrode to generate an air flow in a downstream direction from the first electrode to the second electrode and to ionize particulate matter in the air flow; and

focusing the gas flow from upstream of the first electrode toward the second electrode.

51. The generator of claim 1, wherein when the high voltage generator is energized, ions are generated at the first electrode and directed toward the second electrode.

52. The generator of claim 28, wherein when the high voltage generator is energized, ions are generated at the first electrode and directed toward the second electrode.

53. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein when said potential generator is energized, ions are generated at said first electrode and directed toward said second electrode.

54. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein when said potential generator is energized, ions are generated at said first electrode and directed toward said second electrode.

55. The method of claim 50, comprising generating ions using a potential generator.

56. The method of claim 50, comprising generating ozone using an electrical potential generator.

57. The generator of claim 1, wherein the collecting electrode is at the same working potential as the first electrode.

58. The generator of claim 1, wherein the collecting electrode and the first electrode are both positive in working potential.

59. An electric air delivery regulator, comprising:

a housing having an inlet and an outlet;

a first electrode;

a removable second electrode located downstream of the first electrode;

a third electrode located upstream of the first electrode;

a voltage generator coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode, when energized, generates an airflow in a downstream direction from the first electrode to the second electrode.

60. An air delivery regulator according to claim 59, wherein the third electrode is a collecting electrode.

61. The ionizer of claim 1 wherein said second electrode is removable for cleaning by a user.

62. The ionizer of claim 28 wherein said second electrode is removable for cleaning by a user.

63. The device of claim 48, wherein the second electrode is removable by a user for cleaning.

64. The device of claim 49, wherein the second electrode is removable by a user for cleaning.

65. The generator of claim 1, wherein the generator is housed in a housing, and the housing comprises an electrically powered air delivery regulator.

66. The generator of claim 28, wherein the generator is housed in a housing, and the housing comprises an electrically powered air delivery regulator.

67. The generator of claim 1, wherein the generator is disposed within a housing and the housing includes an electrically powered air delivery regulator, the housing having a top surface from which the second electrode is removable for cleaning.

68. The generator of claim 1, wherein said generator is housed in an elongated freestanding housing having a top surface, and said housing includes an electrically powered air delivery regulator, wherein said second electrode is elongated and removable from said top surface of said housing.

69. The generator of claim 1, wherein the generator is housed in an elongated freestanding housing having a top surface, and the housing includes an electrically powered air delivery regulator, wherein the second electrode is elongated and at least partially removable from the top surface of the housing.

70. The generator of claim 1 wherein said generator is housed in an elongated upright housing having a top surface and said housing includes an electrically powered air delivery regulator, wherein said second electrode is elongated and telescopically removable through said top surface of said housing.

71. The generator of claim 28, wherein the generator is disposed within a housing and the housing includes an electrically powered air delivery regulator, the housing having a top surface from which the second electrode is removable for cleaning.

72. The generator of claim 28 wherein said generator is housed in an elongated freestanding housing having a top surface and said housing includes an electrically powered air delivery regulator, wherein said second electrode is elongated and removable from said top surface of said housing.

73. The generator of claim 28 wherein said generator is housed in an elongated freestanding housing having a top surface and said housing includes an electrically powered air delivery regulator, wherein said second electrode is elongated and at least partially removable from said top surface of said housing.

74. The generator of claim 28 wherein said generator is housed in an elongated freestanding housing having a top surface and said housing includes an electrically powered air delivery regulator, wherein said second electrode is elongated and telescopically removable through said top surface of said housing.

75. An electric air delivery regulator having an ionizer, wherein the ionizer comprises:

a first electrode;

a second electrode;

a collecting electrode located upstream of the first electrode; and

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode.

76. The generator of claim 75 wherein the first electrode comprises at least one electrode having one of: (I) the electrode structure comprises a rod-shaped wire electrode, (II) a spiral coiled wire electrode, (III) a curved wire electrode, (IV) a flat coiled spiral wire electrode, (V) a loose wire electrode and (VI) a conical wire electrode.

77. The generator of claim 75 wherein the second electrode has at least one electrode having one of the following characteristics: (I) a U-shaped cross section, (II) an L-shaped cross section, and (III) a ring shape.

78. The generator of claim 75 wherein the focusing electrode is coaxial with and symmetrically disposed about the first electrode.

79. The generator of claim 77 wherein the second electrode is U-shaped in cross-section and forms a guard end at said second electrode.

80. The generator of claim 75 wherein the focusing electrode comprises an electrode having at least one of: (I) a rod-shaped wire, (II) a convex surface, (III) a concave surface.

81. The generator of claim 75 wherein the collecting electrode emits substantially no ions as compared to the first electrode.

82. The generator of claim 75 wherein the diameter of the collecting electrode is greater than 15 times the diameter of the first electrode.

83. The generator of claim 75 wherein the collecting electrode and the first electrode are electrically connected.

84. The generator of claim 75 wherein the ionizer further comprises a trailing electrode disposed downstream of the second electrode.

85. The ionizer of claim 84 wherein the voltage generator is further electrically connected to the trailing electrode.

86. An electric air delivery regulator having an ionizer, wherein the ionizer comprises:

a first electrode;

a second array of electrodes downstream of the first electrodes, the second array having at least two electrodes with guard ends formed therewith;

a collecting electrode located upstream of the first electrode; and

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second array electrode.

87. An electric air delivery regulator having an ionizer, wherein the ionizer comprises:

a first array electrode having at least two electrodes;

a second array of electrodes downstream of the first array, the second array having at least three electrodes with guard ends formed therewith;

a collecting electrode located upstream of each of said electrodes of said first array; and

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first array and the second array.

88. An electric air delivery regulator, comprising:

a housing having an inlet and an outlet;

an ionizer disposed within said housing for generating an air flow between said inlet and said outlet, comprising:

a first array electrode;

a second array electrode disposed downstream of the first array electrode;

a collecting electrode disposed upstream of the first array electrode;

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first array electrode and the second array electrode.

89. An electrically powered air delivery regulator for removing particulates from air, comprising:

a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and

an ionizer disposed within the housing for generating an air flow between the inlet and the outlet, the ionizer comprising:

a first electrode;

a second electrode downstream of the first electrode;

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode; and

means, located upstream of the first electrode, for urging the particles towards the second electrode.

90. An electric air delivery regulator having an ionizer, wherein the ionizer comprises:

a first array electrode;

a second array electrode disposed downstream of the first array electrode, the second array electrode having at least two electrodes, each of the electrodes having a nose, a first trailing side and a second trailing side, the first and second trailing sides having a guard end formed therewith;

an array of steering electrodes disposed upstream of the first array electrodes;

a voltage generator coupled to the first array electrode and the second array electrode.

91. An electric air delivery regulator having an ionizer, wherein the ionizer comprises:

a first array electrode;

a second array electrode disposed downstream of the first array electrode;

an array of focusing electrodes disposed upstream of the first array electrodes;

a voltage generator coupled to the first array electrode and the second array electrode; and

an array of trailing electrodes disposed downstream of the second array of electrodes.

92. The generator of claim 91, wherein said collecting array electrode and said first array electrode are electrically connected.

93. The generator of claim 91, wherein the array of trailing electrodes and the second array of electrodes are electrically connected.

94. An electric air delivery regulator having an ionizer, wherein the ionizer comprises:

a first array electrode;

a second array electrode disposed downstream of the first array electrode;

a first array of steering electrodes disposed upstream of the first array electrodes;

a second array of steering electrodes disposed upstream of the first array electrodes;

a voltage generator coupled to the first array electrode, the second array electrode, and the first guide electrode array.

95. An electric air delivery regulator having an ionizer, wherein the ionizer comprises:

a first array electrode;

a second array electrode disposed downstream of the first array electrode;

an array of steering electrodes disposed upstream of the first array electrodes;

a voltage generator coupled to the first array electrode, the second array electrode, and the array of steering electrodes; and

a gap electrode disposed in the middle of each electrode in the second array of electrodes.

96. The generator of claim 95 wherein the first electrode and the guide electrode are electrically connected.

97. The generator of claim 95 wherein the gap electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected.

98. An electric air delivery regulator comprising:

a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and

an ionizer disposed within the housing for generating an air flow between the inlet and the outlet, the ionizer comprising:

the first array of electrodes is arranged such that,

a second array electrode disposed downstream of the first array electrode;

a guide electrode array arranged at the upstream of the first array electrode, wherein the cross section of the guide electrode array is U-shaped and the surface of the guide electrode array is provided with holes;

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first array electrode, the second array electrode, and the array of steering electrodes.

99. The electric air delivery regulator of claim 98, wherein said first array of electrodes comprises at least one electrode having one of: (I) the electrode structure comprises a rod-shaped wire electrode, (II) a spiral coiled wire electrode, (III) a curved wire electrode, (IV) a flat coiled spiral wire electrode, (V) a loose wire electrode and (VI) a conical wire electrode.

100. The electro-kinetic air delivery regulator of claim 98, wherein the second array of electrodes includes at least one electrode having one of the following characteristics: (I) a U-shaped cross section, (II) an L-shaped cross section, and (III) a ring shape.

101. An electrically powered air delivery regulator for removing particulates from air, comprising:

a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and

an ionizer disposed within the housing for generating an air flow between the inlet and the outlet, the ionizer comprising:

at least one first electrode that generates an electric field for charging particles in a gas stream;

a second array of electrodes having at least two second electrodes, the second electrodes being disposed downstream of the first electrodes, each of the second electrodes being of opposite charge to the first electrodes, and the second electrodes of the second array attracting particles in the gas stream;

a guide electrode disposed upstream of the first electrode, the guide electrode being charged the same as the first electrode for shaping an electric field generated by the first electrode; and

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first electrode, the second array electrode, and the guide electrode.

102. An electrically powered air delivery regulator for removing particulates from air, comprising:

a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and

an ionizer disposed within the housing for generating an air flow between the inlet and the outlet, the ionizer comprising:

a first array electrode for generating an electric field for charging particles in the gas stream;

a second array electrode disposed downstream of the first array electrode, the second electrode generating an electric field opposite to the electric field of the first array electrode, so that charged particles can be adsorbed on the second array electrode;

an array of steering electrodes disposed upstream of the first array electrodes, the array of steering electrodes being charged the same as the first array electrodes for shaping an electric field generated by the first array electrodes; and

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first array electrode, the second array electrode, and the array of steering electrodes.

103. An electrically powered air delivery regulator for removing particulates from air, comprising:

a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and

an ionizer disposed within said housing for generating an airflow between said inlet and said outlet, said ionizer comprising:

a first array electrode for generating an electric field for charging particles in the gas stream;

a second array electrode disposed downstream of the first array electrode, the second array electrode generating an electric field opposite to the electric field of the first array electrode, so that charged particles can be adsorbed on the second array electrode;

an array of steering electrodes disposed upstream of the first array electrodes, the array of steering electrodes being charged the same as the first array electrodes for shaping an electric field generated by the first array electrodes;

an array of trailing electrodes, the array of trailing electrodes carrying the same charge as the second array of electrodes; and

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first array electrode, the second array electrode, the leading electrode array, and the trailing electrode array.

104. The electro-kinetic air delivery modulator of claim 29, wherein the array of steering electrodes includes at least one electrode having one of the following characteristics: (I) a U-shaped cross-section, (II) a circular cross-section, (III) a perforated surface.

105. The electro-kinetic air delivery modulator of claim 103, wherein a trailing electrode of at least one of the arrays of trailing electrodes is disposed intermediate two of the second electrodes of the second array of electrodes.

106. An electrically powered air delivery regulator for removing particulates from air, comprising:

a housing having an inlet and an outlet;

an ionizer disposed within the housing for generating an air flow between the inlet and the outlet, the ionizer comprising:

a first array electrode;

a second array electrode disposed downstream of the first array electrode;

an array of steering electrodes disposed upstream of the first array electrode;

an array of trailing electrodes; and

a voltage generator electrically coupled to the first array electrode, the second array electrode, and the array of steering electrodes.

107. The electro-kinetic air delivery regulator of claim 106, wherein the array of trailing electrodes is disposed downstream of the second array of electrodes.

108. The electro-kinetic air delivery regulator of claim 106, wherein the high voltage generator is further electrically coupled to the array of trailing electrodes.

109. The electro-kinetic air delivery regulator of claim 108, wherein each trailing electrode of the array of trailing electrodes is disposed intermediate two of the second electrodes of the second array of electrodes.

110. The electro-kinetic air delivery modulator of claim 106 wherein each electrode in the array of steering electrodes has a diameter that is greater than 15 times a diameter of each of the first electrodes in the first array of electrodes.

111. The electro-kinetic air delivery modulator of claim 109, wherein each trailing electrode in the array of trailing electrodes urges particles in the air stream toward each second electrode in the second array of electrodes.

112. The electric air delivery regulator of claim 59, wherein the housing has a top surface and the second electrode is removable from the top surface for cleaning.