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HK1042065B - 預壓縮系統、噴射頭和噴射裝置 - Google Patents

預壓縮系統、噴射頭和噴射裝置 Download PDF

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Publication number
HK1042065B
HK1042065B HK02103729.0A HK02103729A HK1042065B HK 1042065 B HK1042065 B HK 1042065B HK 02103729 A HK02103729 A HK 02103729A HK 1042065 B HK1042065 B HK 1042065B
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Hong Kong
Prior art keywords
precompression
pump
valve
diaphragm
discharge nozzle
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HK02103729.0A
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English (en)
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HK1042065A1 (zh
Inventor
威廉默斯‧约翰内斯‧约瑟夫‧马斯
威廉默斯‧約翰內斯‧約瑟夫‧馬斯
佩特鲁斯‧兰伯图斯‧威廉默斯‧胡尔克曼斯
佩特魯斯‧蘭伯圖斯‧威廉默斯‧胡爾克曼斯
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Afa波利泰克有限公司
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Publication of HK1042065A1 publication Critical patent/HK1042065A1/zh
Publication of HK1042065B publication Critical patent/HK1042065B/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/14Pumps characterised by muscle-power operation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005Components or details
    • B05B11/0037Containers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005Components or details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005Components or details
    • B05B11/0062Outlet valves actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed
    • B05B11/007Outlet valves actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed being opened by deformation of a sealing element made of resiliently deformable material, e.g. flaps, skirts, duck-bill valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001Piston pumps
    • B05B11/1009Piston pumps actuated by a lever
    • B05B11/1011Piston pumps actuated by a lever without substantial movement of the nozzle in the direction of the pressure stroke
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001Piston pumps
    • B05B11/1015Piston pumps actuated without substantial movement of the nozzle in the direction of the pressure stroke
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042Components or details
    • B05B11/1064Pump inlet and outlet valve elements integrally formed of a deformable material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042Components or details
    • B05B11/1066Pump inlet valves
    • B05B11/1067Pump inlet valves actuated by pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042Components or details
    • B05B11/1073Springs
    • B05B11/1074Springs located outside pump chambers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042Components or details
    • B05B11/1073Springs
    • B05B11/1077Springs characterised by a particular shape or material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005Components or details
    • B05B11/0097Means for filling or refilling the sprayer

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Description

预压缩系统、喷射头和喷射装置
本发明涉及布置于泵和排出喷嘴之间的预压缩系统,该泵和排出喷嘴由伸入一空间的管道相连,该系统包括一预压缩阀,该预压缩阀可在关闭该连接状态的位置和释放该连接状态的位置之间运动,在该关闭位置,该预压缩阀抵靠管道嘴上的阀座,在该释放位置,该预压缩阀离开该阀座,该预压缩阀被弹簧装置偏压向关闭位置。这样的预压缩系统由美国专利No.5730335可知。
该已知的预压缩系统用于容器的喷雾器头,该容器例如装液体清洁剂的瓶子。该喷雾器头由一本体形成,可手工操作的活塞泵布置于本体内。该泵由与本体枢接的扳机操作。该泵的吸入端与一根伸入瓶内很大长度的管相连,通常该管靠近瓶的底部,且液体可以通过该管而被吸出该瓶子。泵的压缩侧通过管道而与喷雾器头的排出喷嘴相连。在泵和导向排出喷嘴的管道之间布置有预压缩系统,该预压缩系统包括预压缩阀,该预压缩阀由弹簧装置保持关闭,且它仅在泵内达到预定压力时打开。为此,该预压缩阀必须防止流体以太低的压力离开排出喷嘴,流体以太低压力离开排出喷嘴将导致在喷雾内形成太大的液滴。为了获得最优的喷射形式,实际上液体必须在预定且相对较高的压力下被压出该排出喷嘴。
已知的预压缩系统包括泵的柱形壁的端部,该端部伸入一环形空间。该柱形壁的边缘构成阀座,一个有弹性且柔性的隔膜压在该阀座上。该隔膜由于弹簧压力而受压关闭,在该以前的专利的隔膜中,该弹簧压力是由于隔膜自身材料的挠曲应力产生的。当泵缸中的压力足够高时,该隔膜将离开阀座,高压液体可以由此从缸流向通往排出喷嘴的管道。当几乎全部液体都从缸中压出且缸内的压力再一次降低时,隔膜将返回关闭位置,在该位置,隔膜将由于内部弹簧力而再一次压靠在阀座上。
已知的预压缩系统有这样的缺点,即该环形空间要布置成与泵缸对齐。因此,这种已知的预压缩系统很难设计成能通过注模制造,而且,这样的设计相当庞大,因此使得它难于用在紧凑的喷雾器头中。在前述美国专利5730335中,由于制造原因,包含该预压缩系统的泵以一角度布置在吸入管与喷射管之间,这形成难于装配的复杂结构。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种上述类型的预压缩系统,该预压缩系统比普通预压缩系统易于制造和装配,因此在将其包含于紧凑的喷雾器头中时有更大的设计自由度。根据本发明,该空间与泵相连,而管道与排出喷嘴相连。与已知预压缩系统相比,通过这样使流向反转,预压缩系统不需要布置成与泵缸对齐,而是例如可以布置在缸旁。这样,该喷雾器头的设计将大大简化,该头部可以作得更紧凑,并更简单、更适于制造。而且,缸和活塞不需要布置为成一角度,这将有利于其操作。
弹簧装置优选是与预压缩阀成一体,例如使该预压缩阀和弹簧装置由有弹性且柔性的隔膜构成。这样,可以获得结构简单的阀。该隔膜优选是成圆顶形,这样,它具有稳定且适当拉紧的静止位置。
预压缩系统优选是包括一个与该隔膜配合的止动件,由此限制该隔膜的弯曲,并防止该隔膜“翻转”至更远离阀座且不会返回的另一稳定位置。优选是,该止动件与该隔膜成一体。
而且,优选是,该空间至少部分是环形的并至少部分环绕管道的端头。这样就可以采用一简单的圆形隔膜。管道的由该环形空间环绕的部分和泵可以各有一中心线,这两中心线基本平行,但可以彼此偏移。
优选是,该环形空间与一基本圆柱形的衬套邻接(border)。这样可以获得合适的密封,且能防止泄漏。该隔膜和衬套可以整体模制,从而进一步减小零件数,从而简化系统的装配。
在衬套内布置有至少一个能由阀关闭的吸入开口,以便吸入将喷射的液体。当该关闭阀与衬套整体形成时,单独零件的数目甚至能进一步减小,该预压缩系统的制造和装配能进一步简化。
本发明还涉及一种喷射装置,该喷射装置包括:泵,该泵有吸入端和压缩端;与该泵的吸入端相连的装置,以便供给将要喷射的流体;排出喷嘴,该排出喷嘴与泵的压缩端相连;以及前述类型的预压缩系统,该预压缩系统布置于泵和排出喷嘴之间。
最后,本发明涉及由前述喷射装置和容器构成的组件。
下面将通过一实例并参考附图介绍本发明,其中:
图1是由容器和喷雾器构成的组件的透视图,本发明的预压缩系统可以用于该喷雾器中;
图2是图1的组件中的包含预压缩系统的喷雾器头的分解透视图;
图3是图2的喷雾器头在泵压冲程过程中的局部切开的透视图;
图4是类似于图3的、喷雾器头在返回冲程过程中的视图;
图5是该预压缩系统沿图3中箭头V所示方向的详图;
图6A和6B分别是该预压缩系统在泵压冲程的开始和结束时的纵剖图;以及
图7所示为用于该预压缩系统中的阀的一种可选实施例的详细示意透视图。
图8所示为该预压缩系统的一种可选实施例的纵剖图;以及
图9所示为该预压缩系统的该实施例的详图。
用于容器2的喷雾器头1包括泵3,该泵3有吸入端5和压缩端6。活动操作装置4与泵3相连,在图示实施例中,该操作装置4由扳机13构成,该扳机13有一连续枢轴53,该枢轴53装入装有泵3的框架22中的空腔54内,并由柔性啮合臂55锁定在该空腔内。装置7与泵3的吸入端5相连,以便从容器中供给流体,该装置7包括一管道,该管道的自由端与伸入容器内的管23相连。泵3的压缩端6通过管道9与排出喷嘴8相连。
因为扳机13的轴53和容纳空腔54都位于喷射管道9的上面,因此,在扳机13上布置有孔56,管道9的、配置有排出喷嘴8的端头通过该孔56伸出。
泵3是活塞泵,由泵壳体或泵缸10和可在其内往复运动的活塞11构成。活塞11与扳机13相连。为了使活塞11和扳机13返回其停止于泵压冲程末端的伸出位置,喷雾器头1包括偏压装置16。在图示实施例中,该偏压装置由在扳机13内部与肋条配合的一对平行挠曲弹簧17构成。当在泵压冲程中该扳机13绕枢轴53朝泵3枢轴旋转和将活塞11压入缸10内时,弹簧17弯曲。当扳机13上的压力消除时,由于弹簧17弯回,迫使扳机13返回其停止位置。因为扳机与活塞11相连,并在拉紧和压缩的情况下都保持固定,因此活塞11也被拉回至其停止位置。扳机13和活塞11之间的连接是通过使扳机13的凸起14与活塞11中相应开口28啮合而形成的啮合连接。
预压缩系统布置于缸10和喷射管9之间,它包括一空间58,在图示实施例中,该空间58为环形,并与缸10和喷射管9的、伸入该空间的端头部分相连,而缸10与喷射管9的该端头部分通过有弹性且柔性的圆顶形隔膜59以气密和液体密封的方式关闭。空间58与一圆柱形衬套60邻接,在图示实施例中,该衬套60装于框架22中的腔室61内,并与隔膜59形成一体。在该圆柱形衬套60中形成有开口15,该开口15内布置有阀,且该开口与用于使流体通过框架22中的开口67的吸入管7相连通。阀63是活动的,它也与衬套60形成一体,在所示实施例中,该阀63可在气密密封开口67的位置(图3、4、6A)和使该开口67保持通畅的位置(图5、6B)之间枢轴转动。而且,止动件64与隔膜59相连,该止动件起到限制隔膜59的弯曲和防止它“翻转”的作用。该圆柱形衬套60由端壁锁定在框架22的腔室61内,在所示实施例中,该端壁与容器2整体模制而成。该圆柱形衬套60还包括一增强法兰75,通过该增强法兰75,能防止衬套60在缸10的泵压压力影响下而变形,从而防止沿衬套60泄漏的危险。
在一优选实施例中(图7),关闭阀63通过一对可枢轴转动和可拉伸的f形臂68与该圆柱形衬套60相连,该f形臂的一端69装在衬套60上,另一端与阀体63相连。在泵11的返回或吸入冲程中,臂68向上枢轴转动并稍微伸长,由此阀体63离开开口67超过一定高度L。
在另一优选实施例中(图8),圆柱形衬套60不包括与吸入管23相连的开口。而是该衬套60有一个稍微向外延伸的外周边部分70,该外周边部分70通过抵住腔室61的壁而适当关闭。该外周边部分70是相对柔性的,包括一稍微倾斜的内表面73。该衬套60还包括一个直径较小的部分71,该直径较小的部分71的一侧与该柔性边部分70邻接,另一侧与衬套60的圆柱形部分邻接。该直径较小的部分71与腔室61的壁一起确定了一个与开口67流体连通的环形空间72。
在活塞11的泵压冲程过程中,作用在外周边部分70的倾斜内表面73上的流体压力沿腔室61的壁的方向向内压迫该部分,从而沿腔室61的整个外周形成很好的密封。另一方面,在返回或吸入冲程过程中,活塞11后面的吸入力和容器2内的大气压力将导致整个外周边部分70产生压力差,因此将该部分向内压迫并离开该壁,从而在通过吸入管23直接与容器2的内部相连的环形空间72和缸10之间形成流体连通。
这样,该外周边部分70起到有极好的密封效果的阀的作用。由于该外周边部分70的密封作用,泵压压力不会作用在衬套60的圆柱形部分上,因此,能减小流体沿该圆柱形部分和沿与该圆柱形部分相连的环形密封脊74泄漏的危险。而且,衬套60可以作得更小,重量比前述实施例更轻,因为它不需要沿外周边的增强法兰。而且,衬套60的该实施例可以简单地通过注模进行制造,因为它不需要在侧壁上的开口和相应的阀,这使得在模具中不需要滑块或芯棒。最后,该衬套60还可以更容易安装,因为它在绕其中心线的旋转方向上完全对称,且没有需要与开口67对齐的开口。
该衬套60的外周边部分70的确切形状并不重要,因为只需要它在泵压冲程中能向腔室61的壁面施加足够的压力以保证能完全密封并在吸入冲程中能在其外周上的所有点离开该臂。显然,该外周边部分70和壁面的形状还可以这样选择,即它们确定了一环形空间。因此,在一可选实施例(图9)中该外周边部分的倾斜角稍微减小,而腔室的壁有更大的倾斜部分,这使得该环形部分72有基本相同的容积。
只要还没有达到预定的泵压压力,预压缩系统40就以已知方式防止流体从容器2向排出喷嘴输送。如果流体以太低的压力通过喷嘴8喷射,则该流体将雾化不充分,并在喷射锥中产生太大的液滴。为了防止这种情况发生,容器2与排出喷嘴8之间的连接由隔膜59关闭,由于由圆顶形形状决定并由隔膜59后面的环境压力协助而产生的内应力,该隔膜59被强制压靠在作为阀座的喷射管9的边缘66上。只有当通过使活塞11移动到其末端位置而在缸10中形成足够大的压力,例如大约3巴时,隔膜59才会离开该阀座66。
这样,喷雾器头1的功能如下。当用户希望以雾化形式使流体从容器2中喷出时,他首先拉动扳机13。这样,在缸10内且由于开口67被阀63关闭而不能流回到容器2中的空气被活塞11压缩。当在泵压冲程末端时期空气的压力足够高时,隔膜59离开阀座66,空气可以逸出。
在随后由偏压装置16推动的返回冲程过程中,流体从容器2中吸出并通过管23、管道7和开口62、67进入缸10,直到在返回或吸入冲程的末端时期该缸10完全充满(图6A)。为了防止该冲程中在容器2内形成局部真空,在缸10的壁上形成有通风孔51,当在活塞11向内运动的过程中外周边的密封唇39B经过开口51时,该通风孔51打开,并在活塞向外的冲程过程中,该通风孔51再与由该活塞11的外周和内周密封唇39B和39A之间限定的封闭空间相连。
当再拉动扳机13时,由于流体几乎不可压,缸10内的压力将快速升高。这样,隔膜59实际上立即离开阀座66,流体可以通过隔膜59和阀座66之间的空间被压向喷射管9,然后再压向排出喷嘴8(图6B),并在该排出喷嘴8中雾化。
因为根据本发明环形空间58与泵缸10相连通,伸入该环形空间58中的管道9与排出喷嘴相连通,与普通预压缩系统不同,环形空间58不需要与缸10对齐,而如图示可以偏离。这样,喷雾器头可以通过注模法高效制造,因此可以紧凑设计。
尽管本发明根据实施例进行说明,显然本发明并不局限于此。例如,隔膜和衬套可以分别形成。而且,在某些情况下,也可以不使用止动件,同时也可以选择各种材料。因此,本发明的范围只能由附加的权利要求限定。

Claims (10)

1.布置于泵(3)和排出喷嘴(8)之间的预压缩系统,该系统包括连接泵(3)和排出喷嘴(8)的管道(9)和空间(58),该空间(58)与泵(3)相连,该管道(9)与排出喷嘴(8)相连,该管道(9)包括伸入该空间(58)内的嘴部,该空间(58)至少部分环形并至少部分环绕该管道(9)的末端,该系统还包括一预压缩阀(59),该预压缩阀(59)可在关闭该连接状态的位置和打开该连接状态的位置之间运动,在该关闭位置,该预压缩阀抵靠管道(9)嘴部上的阀座(66),在该打开位置,该预压缩阀离开该阀座(66),该预压缩阀(59)被弹簧装置(59)偏压向关闭位置;其特征在于:该弹簧装置(59)成一体在该预压缩阀(59)中,该弹簧装置和预压缩阀由有弹性且柔性的隔膜(59)构成,该系统还包括基本圆柱形的衬套(60),该衬套(60)与该环形空间(58)邻接并与该隔膜(59)整体模制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预压缩系统,其特征在于:该隔膜(59)为圆顶形。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的预压缩系统,其特征在于:一止动件(64)与该隔膜(59)配合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的预压缩系统,其特征在于:该止动件(64)与隔膜(59)形成一体。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的预压缩系统,其特征在于:该管道(9)的由该环形空间(58)环绕的部分和泵(3)各有一中心线,该中心线基本平行,但可以相互偏移。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的预压缩系统,其特征在于:在衬套(60)内布置有至少一个能由关闭阀(63)关闭的吸入开口(15)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的预压缩系统,其特征在于:该关闭阀(63)与衬套(60)形成一体。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的预压缩系统,其特征在于:衬套(60)包括相对柔性的外周边部分(70)和一直径较小的部分(71),该直径较小的部分(71)邻接在该柔性外周边部分(70)上。
9.喷射头(1),包括:泵(3),该泵有吸入端(5)和压缩端(6);与该泵(3)的吸入端(5)相连的装置(7),以便供给将喷射的流体;排出喷嘴(8),该排出喷嘴(8)与泵(3)的压缩端(6)相连;以及根据权利要求1至8中任意一个所述的布置于泵(3)和排出喷嘴(8)之间的预压缩系统。
10.喷射装置,包括:有颈部(30)的容器(2)和根据权利要求9的、装在该颈部(30)上的喷射头(1)。
HK02103729.0A 1998-12-10 1999-12-10 預壓縮系統、噴射頭和噴射裝置 HK1042065B (zh)

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