GR1010517B - Shading thermal insulation system applicable on building' s surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat-insulating shading system which consists of a device composed of beams - spacers and shading cloths set at a distance from the surface of the building so as to allow controlled air flow in the gap created between building and shading surface in order to prevent the heat of solar radiation from reaching the surface of the building and, by extension, its interior. At the same time, it allows the cooling of the building's surface either due to the air flow or due to the heat dissipation of its surface. It is applied to building surfaces exposed to intense solar radiation (see, horizontal or inclined surfaces of the building’s shell - roofs, domes etc) which surfaces continue to be accessible. Under conditions, this system can also be applied to vertical surfaces of buildings with unfavorable orientation for solar radiation (meridian surfaces).

Description

DESCRIPTION

Heat-insulating shading system on building surfaces

The present invention relates to passive shading systems placed on external surfaces of buildings. It mainly concerns the covering of the building, whether it is horizontal roofs (passable or not), or roofs of any shape (single-pitched, double-pitched, four-pitched, vaulted, shell, etc.) and with any surface material (concrete with or without coating , tiled roof, metal roofs, etc.). Under certain conditions, it can also be used in side cladding of buildings (mainly on meridian walls). This system is placed almost in contact with the final surface of the building, which is exposed to solar radiation during the summer months. From the minimum distance that mediates between the shading surface and the protected surface of the building, the controlled passage of air is allowed, which prevents thermal induction and transmission of high temperature to the building's structural elements and, by extension, to its interior.

The consequences of solar radiation are dealt with either by very good, but expensive thermal insulation, or by shading. The constructions for shading your ceilings (roofing, Pergolas, awnings) are only done on roofs and at a distance from the building so that it continues to be passable. However, this distance of any shade means that its shadow does not coincide with the outline of the building. Even if a sunshade covers the entire building, which is extremely rare, its shadow would only coincide with the building when the sun is exactly vertical. In order for the building to be shaded throughout the day, the shades that have been applied up to now should be extended beyond the contour of the building. Apart from the high cost, the difficulties of supporting outside the building and the dubious aesthetic effect, this is not always possible due to the limitations of urban planning provisions. Finally, for non-horizontal ceilings (roofs, domes, etc.), the known shading systems cannot be applied for obvious reasons.

The invention relates to a heat-insulating shading system made of perforated or other high-strength material, applicable to building surfaces and at a short distance from them with the technique of placing uprights in order to ensure the free flow of air, while by placing bars the stabilization of the grid is also ensured.

The proposed method aims to prevent the effects of solar radiation on buildings, limiting to a minimum the burden of the existing building structure with additional bulky constructions. This is achieved by controlled air flow in a minimum thickness area between the protective radiation incident surface (shading surface) and the building. Secondly, it helps to dissipate any concentrated thermal loads on the surface of the building, thus contributing to its cooling. This method is recommended as an economic and minimally invasive method, executable and deliverable in short times, without lacking in quality of construction and efficiency, with a long life. The application technique is characterized by excellent support, as well as uniform stretching of the shading material. The shading cloth is strong enough to be stretched sufficiently without wearing out during use, while at the same time the shading surface remains passable and accessible. A perforated cloth is preferably chosen, but of light permeability and of sufficient density so as not to affect its shading dynamics. This constitutes the uninterrupted and diffuse ventilation of the underlying zone, but also the relief of any negative pressure due to wind, so as to avoid the risk of displacement of the shading material. Depending on the requirements of each project, cloth with the above or similar properties can be used. Polyethylene shading cloths (HDPE) are indicated, but also tarpaulin, tarpaulin and any similar material chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons, with limited effects on the efficiency of the whole system. Light colors are recommended. tons, so as to reflect more radiation, however this has little effect on the overall performance of the invention, since the heat dissipation is mainly achieved by the passing air, which circulates in a controlled manner under it. This shading system is installed using special clamping and anchoring systems which are mainly galvanized metal elements, aluminum components as well as plastics. As the case may be and where required, a special reinforced rope is used for the perimeter of the sail, in order to achieve better stretching.

With the present invention, shading of the entire surface is achieved regardless of the time and the corresponding angle of incidence of the solar radiation.

It is very easy and quick to apply and does not require any pre-treatment of the existing surface, beyond its usual cleaning. It can just as easily be disassembled, removed and stored during the cold winter season when solar power may be desirable. But this is done on an annual basis, depending on the season of the year and not on a daily basis depending on the time and the corresponding angle of incidence of the solar radiation, or the weather conditions, as is the case with the known means of shading from cloth.

The effect on the architecture of the building is negligible from the whole intervention. No oncoplastic difference emerges. However, in buildings that do not have a horizontal overlap (roof) it can occur. a small effect on their faces, which is judged on a case-by-case basis.

Finally, this particular invention has a much lower cost than conventional shading methods. Its cost is of the order of a corresponding awning surface.

Figure 1 shows a typical layout of the roof system.

Figure 2 shows the corresponding details on a typical pitched roof with a tiled roof.

The invention is suitable for all types of horizontal roofs (passable or not), which usually have a slab of reinforced concrete with any covering thereof (slabs, mosaic, cement mortar, etc.). Each structure can be adapted to the required measurements and coverage area, without leaving exposed surfaces.

The basic technique of the system is the placement at regular intervals of straight beams, metal (galvanized or not), or of durable plastic, which hold and facilitate the uniform stretching of the shading cloth, which cooperates with them. In the drawing of Figure 1, the typical application of the system on a roof is illustrated.

The cloth (2) must be well stretched over the entire shading surface and at a short distance from the protected surface (1), which is achieved with intermediate guide beams (4). These beams can be of circular or rectangular parallelepiped cross-section, the dimensions of which are determined by the particularities of each case. The final cross-sections are determined by the size of the surfaces and the material of the sail, the desired distance from the building shell and, by extension, by the respective intensities that these entail. The beams can also be of "H" type cross-section or of another cross-section depending on the specific needs of each application case. During the implementation of the system, the beams are placed in a parallel arrangement, with a distance between them of approximately 2 meters for most cases, but this can be much greater depending on the special (morphological, geometrical, climatic, etc.) particularities of the project . The sheet is positioned to abut these joists, which act as spacers from the existing finished building cover. Between the support beams, the sheathed cloth (5) is specially formed in order to incorporate beams, which with their weight strengthen the contact of the shading surface with the upright beams (4), while also contributing to its uniform intensity. The tension of the shade cloth is applied to the end sheaths (6), which rest on the finished surface of the roof and are anchored with screws or expansion plugs, which penetrate any overlap and reach the roof concrete. The effect of the support on any existing insulation is negligible, except for any existing waterproofing, where, however, the required measures are taken in order not to interrupt it, otherwise to restore its continuity. Depending on the shading length, supports may also be required in intermediate sheaths (5). The support must be sufficient to adequately absorb the forces involved in the tension amplified by any wind.

Components can be attached to the spacer beams (4) to adjust and adjust the geometric characteristics of the system. Such examples are the height adjuster of your spars - spacers, the tension adjuster of the sail at the ends (use of props), etc.

In the case of placing the shading system on tiled roofs, it is applicable to all types of them. The shade cloth, with the appropriate support systems and accessories, can cover various types of tile surfaces, ensuring the integrity of the tiles.

In the drawing of Figure 2, the application of the system on a tiled roof is illustrated in sections parallel (figure 2b) and perpendicular (figure 2a) to its slope. In this case, the system takes advantage of the grooves formed by the tiles, which are used as airflow columns to dissipate radiant heat into the environment.

The cloth (4) at all its peripheral edges is reinforced with HDPE polyethylene bristles, which form loops at intervals. These are used for stretching and anchoring it using reinforced rope. The sail is properly placed, limiting the air flow to that required to dissipate the heat to the environment, but not its free passage to avoid draft due to wind.

The cloth (2) is unfolded in the direction of the slope of the tiled roof and ends at the last row of tiles where it folds towards their lower side and ends at an end sheath (6), like those in the standard application on a roof. This sheath rests a short distance from the building and is anchored to it with special supports. If it is concrete, expandable anchors are used, or in the case of a wooden roof, galvanized rings are used that are screwed into the wood under the end of the tiles. In the case where there are gutters, the special supports - tile clamps, which tighten at the end of the tiles, can be combined, so that they can be used as places of support - tightening of the cloth.

Where necessary, depending on the type of tiled roof, the cloth is stretched and anchored at its ends with special galvanized hooks resting on the tiles or using a wire rope.

In any case, the entire system is constructed to allow controlled air flow under the shading surface, which carries away radiant heat, before it reaches the building, but not uncontrolled wind flow, which can cause it to be swept away.

Claims (4)

1. The heat-insulating shading system whose shading surface (2) is constructed at a minimum distance (almost in contact) with the protected surface of the building (1, 6), characterized by the creation of channels of controlled air flow between building - shading surface ( 3) through which the heat generated is dissipated. from the incidence of solar radiation on the shading surface (2), to be transferred to the environment, before it reaches the protected surface of the building and, by extension, inside it. 2. Heat-insulating shading system according to claim 1, characterized by placing beams - uprights (4) at regular intervals on flat protected surfaces of buildings (1), so as to keep the shading surface at a certain distance from the building. 3. Heat-insulating shading system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by a shading cloth (2) of strength (perforated or not), so that it can be passable, with special configurations - sheaths (5, 6) at regular intervals, which they contain rods, which with their weight strengthen the contact of the shading surface with the upright beams (4), while also contributing to its uniform intensity. 4. Heat-insulating shading system according to claim 1, characterized by a shading cloth (2) of strength (perforated or not), so that it can be passable with special configurations - sheaths at their horizontal ends (6) with the help of which it is stretched on a sloping roof and rests on its base or on its top.