GB2641582A - Environmental monitoring systems for monitoring water bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

Environmental monitoring systems comprise sampling tube 102. An environmental sensor is at one end 104 of tube 102 that is submerged in body of water 122. A communication means arranged at the other end 106 of tube 102 that is out of the water communicates wirelessly to a remote device. A support structure comprising posts 110 coupled to tube 102 by moveable joints 112 positions the tube relative to the water. Cover 116 covers end 106 of tube 102. Antenna 118 is arranged on an external surface of the cover. A kiosk (700, Fig. 7) comprises housing 702. Water is drawn by pump 708 through inlet 704 into test chamber 710 which comprises an environmental sensor. A base supports the housing, with a frame (800, Fig. 8) embedded underground and having an aperture to receive underground water pipe 706. A mast pole integral to and extending above the housing comprises a renewable energy generator to power the pump or the sensor. A second external housing encloses the housing. The communication means sends an alert to the remote device if a sensor detects vibration of the housing.

Description

[0001] Environmental monitoring systems for monitoring water bodies

[0002] Field of the invention

[0003] The present disclosure relates to environmental monitoring systems for monitoring a body 5 of water, in particular relating to a sampling tube system, and/or an environmental monitoring kiosk.

[0004] Background

[0005] High quality water is key both to human survival, and that of the environment, However, 10 pollution and contamination of groundwater rivers, lakes, and streams is an increasingly prevalent problem and threat to our environment.

[0006] According to a report published by England's Environment Agency in 2020, the leading causes of water pollution in England are excessive use of fertiliser and pesticides in 15 agriculture, discharge of untreated sewage by water companies, and "run-off" from roads and towns which contains pollutants such as oil.

[0007] However, in order to implement effective mitigation strategies, comprehensive data and monitoring is required to better understand the environmental state a water body, its 20 variance over time, and the most prevalent sources of pollution.

[0008] Despite this, the current approach for monitoring water quality tends to rely on manual collection and testing of individual water samples. This is both time consuming and inefficient, leading to limited data collection. The problem of poor data collection is 25 compounded for remote areas which are often difficult to access for manual data collection.

[0009] There therefore exists a significant need for improved environmental monitoring systems to facilitate long-term, autonomous monitoring of water quality. In particular, there is a need for improved bankside systems, suitable for environmental water monitoring and telemetry.

[0010] Summary of the invention

[0011] Aspects of the invention are as set out in the independent claims and optional features are set out in the dependent claims. Aspects of the invention may be provided in conjunction -2 -with each other and features of one aspect may be applied to other aspects.

[0012] An aspect of the invention relates to an environmental monitoring system for monitoring a body of water. The environmental monitoring system comprises a sampling tube, comprising a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end is configured to be at least partially submerged in the body of water, and wherein the proximal end is configured to be positioned out of the body of water. A body of water may be, but is not limited to, a river, stream, lake, canal, or other source of ground water.

[0013] The sampling tube is a tube comprising an inlet which extends into water. The sampling tube inlet, arranged at the distal end, preferably comprises a plurality of apertures or perforations to allow water into the sampling tube, with reduced turbulence. Alternatively, or in addition, the distal end of the sampling tube is open ended to allow water into the sampling tube.

[0014] Preferably, the proximal end of the sampling tube is configured to be arranged at a bank adjacent to the body of water. This may be advantageous for ease of maintenance and monitoring of the environmental monitoring system once installed. For example, the sampling tube may be configured to be arranged approximately perpendicular to the bank edge, such that the distal end is configured to be at least partially submerged in the body of water, and the proximal end is arranged at the bankside.

[0015] The sampling tube further comprises at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring, preferably arranged at the distal end of the sampling tube. This may be advantageous to allow the sensor to sense and/or measure environmental parameters of water within the sampling tube. In some examples, the at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring may comprise a sonde.

[0016] The environmental monitoring system further comprises a communication means configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device. Preferably, the communication means is arranged at the proximal end of the sampling tube. This may be advantageous as the proximal end is configured to be positioned out of the body of water, therefore positioning the communication means at the -3 -proximal end may improve wireless communication by reducing signal interference and attenuation caused by water. The communication means may be configured for, but is not limited to, wireless communication via at least one of radio communication, infrared communication, cellular communication, 3G, 4G, 5G, W-FiTM, BluetoothTM, Wireless WAN, LAN, PAN, ZigbeeTM, etc. The environmental monitoring system may also further comprise a support structure configured to hold the sampling tube in position relative to the body of water. The support structure may comprise a plurality of posts, and wherein each of the plurality of posts is coupled to the sampling tube via a moveable joint. This may be advantageous to improve stability and ease of installation of the environmental monitoring system by allowing the posts to be repositioned and angled relative to the sampling tube. This may be particularly helpful as the support structure is typically installed on rocky, uneven, and/or unstable terrain, for example on the bank or shoreline of the body of water, or along the floor or bed of the body of water (e.g., river bed or lake bed, etc.). Thus, repositioning the posts relative to the sampling tube via moveable joints may be advantageous during installation to avoid rocks or unstable areas of ground.

[0017] The moveable joints may be securable, such that once they have been positioned and 20 installed, they can be locked. This may be advantageous to ensure that, once positioned, the joints can be secured such that the sampling tube is fixedly installed relative to the supporting structure.

[0018] Each moveable joint may be configured to allow at least one rotational degree of freedom between the respective coupled post and the sampling tube. For example, each moveable joint may be configured for pitch rotation and/or roll rotation of the respective coupled post relative to the sampling tube. For example, each moveable joint may comprise a swivel coupler, however the skilled person will understand that this is not intended to be limiting. A swivel coupler may be configured to couple to a pair of bars, posts, or tubes (for example, in this case, one post and the sampling tube, or one post and a support element rigidly coupled to the sampling tube), wherein the longitudinal axes of said pair of bars, posts, or tubes are in parallel planes. The swivel coupler is configured to facilitate rotation between said pair of bars, posts, or tubes such that the angle between said pair of bars, posts, or -4 -tubes is configured to be varied within a plane parallel to the longitudinal axes of said pair of bars, posts, or tubes.

[0019] In some embodiments, each moveable joint may be configured to allow at least two degrees of freedom between the respective coupled post and the sampling tube. For example, each moveable joint may be configured to allow at least two rotational degrees of freedom between the respective coupled post and the sampling tube. For example, each moveable joint may comprise a universal joint, however the skilled person will understand that this is non-limiting. A universal joint may be a mechanical joint used for connecting a pair of bars, posts, or tubes (for example, in this case, one post and the sampling tube, or one post and a support element rigidly coupled to the sampling tube) whose axes are inclined at an angle to each other. The universal joint may be configured to compensate for the angular misalignment and allows the bars/posts/tubes freedom of movement in any direction while transmitting rotary motion. The universal joint may comprise a pair of hinges or fork shapes yokes oriented at 90° to one another and connected by a cross shaft.

[0020] In some examples, the support structure may be configured to support the sampling tube at a 30-degree angle, relative to the horizontal plane. This may be advantageous to elevate the proximal end above the distal end. However, the skilled person will understand that this is merely one non-limiting example. In other example, the sampling tube may have any other inclination, for example based on the inclination of the bank on which the system is installed. Horizontal and vertical installations of the sampling tube are also encompassed by the present invention.

[0021] The proximal end of the sampling tube may further comprise a cover configured to seal the proximal end of the sampling tube. This may be advantageous to prevent the ingress of dirt and debris into the proximal end of the sampling tube. This therefore reduces the risk of cross contamination for the environmental monitoring of water at the distal end of the sampling tube. For example, the cover may comprise a tube having one closed end, wherein the cover tube has a diameter larger than the sampling tube. This may be advantageous such that the cover tube can simply slot onto the proximal end of the sampling tube. The cover may further comprise a locking portion, wherein the locking portion is configured to reversibly lock to the sampling tube. This may be advantageous to -5 -prevent tampering and unauthorised removal of the cover from the sampling tube.

[0022] In some embodiments where the communication means comprises an antenna, the antenna may be arranged on an external surface of the cover. This may be advantageous to improve wireless communication by reducing signal interference and attenuation caused by sampling tube and/or cover. In some examples, the antenna may be a puck antenna. This may be advantageous because the low-profile design relative to the cover prevents tampering and facilitates a secure attachment to the cover. In addition, the puck antenna may be advantageous for camouflaging the environmental monitoring system compared to whip-style antennas, for example. The antenna may be configured to be coupled to the cover via mechanical fastening, such as bolting, wherein the mechanical fastener is arranged on an internal surface of the cover. This may further reduce tampering and provide a secure attachment. In some examples, the cover may comprise an aperture, wherein the puck antenna is configured to be coupled to an internal surface of the cover, but wherein at least a portion of the puck antenna is configured to protrude through the aperture in the cover. This may be further advantageous to prevent tampering and facilitate a secure attachment between the antenna and the cover, whilst simultaneously reducing signal interference and attenuation.

[0023] In some examples, at least one of the plurality of posts further comprises at least one renewable energy generation device, wherein the at least one renewable energy generation device is configured to power the communication means and/or the at least one sensor. For example, at least one of the posts may be configured to extend above the sampling tube, wherein the renewable energy generation device is coupled to the extended portion of the post, for example such that the renewable energy generation device is arranged above the sampling tube. The at least one renewable energy generation device may comprise, but is not limited to, a photovoltaic panel and/or a wind turbine. Alternatively or in addition, the at least one renewable energy generation device may comprise a water turbine, wherein the water turbine is configured to be at least partially submerged in the body of water, such as a river or other watercourse.

[0024] In some examples, at least one of the plurality of posts further comprises at least one camera, such as a CCTV camera. For example, at least one of the posts may be -6 -configured to extend above the sampling tube, wherein the camera is coupled to the extended portion of the post, for example such that the camera is arranged above the sampling tube. This may be advantageous to monitor the sampling tube which are often installed in remote locations. The camera may be configured to transmit and/or stream recordings to a remote device, for example via the antenna.

[0025] In some examples, the distal end of the sampling tube may comprise an angled end. The angled end may be advantageous to expose the at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring arranged at the distal end of the sampling tube to moving water, 10 whilst also acting as a cradle to support said sensor(s).

[0026] The distal end of the sampling tube may also comprise a protruding element. The protruding element may extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sampling tube. The protruding element arranged at the distal end of the sampling tube may be advantageous as it can act as a means to ensure that the sampling tube is correctly positioned, for example to ensure that the distal end of the tube is within a tolerance or distance from the waterbed or floor during installation or repositioning. This may be advantageous as distance can be difficult to judge during installation from the bank and can lead to incorrect positioning which can in turn affect sensor measurements.

[0027] The protruding element may comprise a pointed end. The pointed end may be advantageous to embed itself into the waterbed and/or floor to help stabilise the distal end of the sampling tube. This may be particularly advantageous when the system is installed in a water course which experiences high water flow conditions.

[0028] In some examples, the sampling tube may comprise a plurality of tube parts, coupled together in the longitudinal direction by a fixing portion. This may be advantageous for ease of installation compared to installing a single tube, particularly as the sampling tubes are often installed in remote locations.

[0029] The environmental monitoring system may further comprise a power source, such as a battery, configured to power the communication means and/or the at least one sensor, wherein the power source is arranged within the sampling tube. This may be advantageous -7 -as environmental monitoring systems are typically installed in remote, rural locations where mains power may not be available. Furthermore, arranging the power source within the sampling tube may be advantageous to avoid requiring additional bankside infrastructure, such as a kiosk configured to provide power supply to the sampling tube. In some examples the power source, such as a battery, is coupled to the renewable energy generation device, wherein the power source is configured to store excess energy generated by the renewable energy generation device for use by the environmental monitoring system.

[0030] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided an environmental monitoring system for monitoring a body of water, comprising a sampling tube, comprising a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end is configured to be at least partially submerged in the body of water, and wherein the proximal end is configured to be positioned out of the body of water, and at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring, arranged at the distal end of the sampling tube. The system further comprises a communication means configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device via an antenna, the communication means arranged at the proximal end of the sampling tube; and a cover configured to cover the proximal end of the sampling tube, wherein the antenna is arranged on an external surface of the cover. This may be advantageous to improve wireless communication by reducing signal interference and attenuation caused by sampling tube and/or cover, wherein the cover is advantageous for preventing ingress of dirt and debris into the proximal end of the sampling tube and therefore reducing the risk of cross contamination for the environmental monitoring of water in the sampling tube.

[0031] Optionally, the antenna may be a puck antenna, coupled to an external surface of the cover.

[0032] The antenna may be configured to be coupled to the cover via mechanical fastening, such 30 as bolting, wherein the mechanical fastener is arranged on an internal surface of the cover. This may further reduce tampering and provide a secure attachment.

[0033] In some examples, the cover may comprise an aperture, wherein the antenna is configured -8 -to be coupled to an internal surface of the cover, but wherein at least a portion of the antenna is configured to protrude through the aperture in the cover. This may be further advantageous to prevent tampering and facilitate a secure attachment between the antenna and the cover, whilst simultaneously reducing signal interference and attenuation.

[0034] The cover may further comprise a locking portion, wherein the locking portion is configured to reversibly lock to the sampling tube. This may be advantageous to prevent tampering and unauthorised removal of the cover and antenna from the sampling tube.

[0035] The skilled person will understand that all features discussed in relation to the first aspect of the invention may also be applied to this aspect, including optional features in isolation.

[0036] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided an environmental monitoring kiosk for monitoring a body of water, comprising a housing. The housing comprises a water inlet, wherein a first end (inflow end) of the water inlet is configured to be coupled to an underground water pipe, and a second end (outflow end) is coupled to a test chamber and a pump. Water is configured to be drawn into the water inlet from the underground water pipe, and into the test chamber from the water inlet by the pump. The underground water pipe is configured to be coupled to a body of water. The test chamber comprises at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring of water. In some examples, the test chamber is a flow cell.

[0037] The kiosk further comprises a communication means comprising an antenna, wherein the communication means is configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from the at 25 least one sensor to a remote device via the antenna. Optionally, the antenna may be arranged outside of the housing to reduce interference and signal attenuation.

[0038] The kiosk also comprises a base configured to support the housing, wherein the base comprises a frame configured to be at least partially embedded underground. This may be advantageous to provide a stable base for the kiosk which is often installed in areas of uneven ground, without requiring a permanent and environmentally damaging concrete plinth. The frame may also comprise an aperture in its lower surface configured to receive the underground pipe within the frame. -9 -

[0039] The base comprising a frame may be advantageous to allow the kiosk to be easily installed and repositioned, without requiring a permanent concrete plinth. This reduces installation time, as well as limiting environmental damage during installation. Furthermore, providing a frame may be advantageous to facilitate easier maintenance to the underground pipe when in use. Providing an aperture in the lower surface allows the pipe to be easily reposition, replaced, and maintained after installation which is a significant advantage compared to alternative concrete plinth bases.

[0040] Enclosing the coupling between the water inlet and the underground pipe within the frame may also be advantageous to prevent unauthorised tampering.

[0041] Providing that a frame configured to be at least partially embedded underground may also be advantageous to improve stability of the environmental monitoring kiosk, without 15 requiring a concrete base, particularly as environmental monitoring kiosks are typically installed on uneven ground, such as bankside terrain (i.e. river banks, shorelines, etc.).

[0042] The base frame may comprise a rectangular frame. For example, the lower face of the rectangular frame comprises the aperture. Optionally, the rectangular frame may be an 20 open frame.

[0043] Optionally, the frame may comprise a pair of lower struts and a pair of upper struts, wherein each end of each lower strut is coupled to an end of an upper strut by a full lap joint, and wherein the pair of lower struts are configured to be at least partially embedded 25 underground.

[0044] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided an environmental monitoring kiosk for monitoring a body of water, comprising a housing. The housing comprises a water inlet, coupled to a test chamber and a pump, wherein water is configured to be drawn from a body of water the water inlet into the test chamber by the pump, and wherein the test chamber comprises at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring. In some examples, the test chamber is a flow cell.

[0045] The kiosk also comprises a communication means configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device via an antenna. Furthermore, the housing comprises a mast pole, integrated to the housing, wherein the mast pole extends above the housing. The mast pole comprises at least one renewable energy generation device above the housing, preferably at the mast pole distal end furthest from the housing, wherein the at least one renewable energy generation device is configured to power the pump and/or the at least one sensor for environmental monitoring. The at least one renewable energy generation device may comprise, but is not limited to, a photovoltaic panel and/or a wind turbine.

[0046] This may be advantageous as environmental monitoring kiosks are often installed in shaded areas, such as bankside along a body of water with tree and foliage cover. The integrated mast allows the renewable energy generation device to be installed at an elevated height relative to the housing, facilitating positioning to minimise tree and foliage cover and optimise renewable energy generation. In addition, the integrated mast design may advantageously provide that the renewable energy generation device fixings and mast per se are within the housing and/or mast pole are inaccessible to the public to minimise the risk of theft or tampering.

[0047] In some examples, the mast pole further comprises the antenna.

[0048] In some examples, the mast pole may comprise at least one joint between the housing and the distal end of the mast pole (i.e., the end of the mast pole furthest from the housing), for example wherein the mast pole comprises an articulated pole. The joint may be configured to facilitate repositioning of the distal end of the mast pole. This may be advantageous for positioning amongst foliage and tree cover, as well as being advantageous for easy access to the distal end of the mast pole for maintenance, for example for maintenance of any renewable energy generation devices or antennas coupled to the mast pole between the distal end and the joint.

[0049] The water inlet may be configured to be coupled to an underground water pipe, for example wherein the underground water pipe is in fluid communication with the body of water. The environmental monitoring kiosk may further comprise a base configured to support the housing, wherein the base comprises a frame configured to be at least partially embedded underground, and wherein the frame comprises an aperture in its lower surface configured to receive the underground pipe within the frame.

[0050] In some examples, the environmental monitoring kiosk further comprises a second external housing, wherein the second external housing is configured to enclose the first housing. The second external housing may be configured to fully enclose the first housing, for example wherein the first housing is accessible via a door in the second external housing. This may be advantageous to protect the kiosk from tampering or unauthorised access due to the double layer housing. This may be particularly advantageous for environmental monitoring kiosks which are typically installed in remote, rural locations where monitoring of crime or unauthorised tampering is difficult.

[0051] The second external housing may further comprise a security alarm configured to detect 15 vibration of the second external housing.

[0052] The skilled person will understand that all features discussed in relation to the preceding aspects of the invention may also be applied to this aspect, including optional features in isolation.

[0053] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided an environmental monitoring kiosk for monitoring a body of water, comprising a first housing, and a second external housing. The second external housing is configured to enclose the first housing. This may be advantageous to protect the kiosk from tampering or unauthorised access due to the double layer housing. This may be particularly advantageous for environmental monitoring kiosks which are typically installed in remote, rural locations where monitoring of crime or unauthorised tampering is difficult.

[0054] The first housing comprises a water inlet, coupled to a test chamber and a pump, wherein 30 water is configured to be drawn from the water inlet into the test chamber by the pump, and wherein the test chamber comprises at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring. In some examples, the test chamber may be a flow cell.

[0055] -12 -The first housing further comprises a communication means configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device via an antenna. Optionally the antenna may be coupled to the second external housing. This may be advantageous to reduce attenuation from the double layer housing.

[0056] The second external housing may be configured to fully enclose the first housing, for example wherein the first housing may be accessible via a door in the second external housing.

[0057] The second external housing may further comprise a sensor configured to detect vibration of the second external housing. This may be advantageous to detect unauthorised tampering attempts on the second external housing and take appropriate action before the first housing which houses the core environmental monitoring equipment is breached.

[0058] In examples wherein the second external housing comprises a door, and the first housing is configured to be accessed via the door, the second external housing may further comprise a sensor configured to detect when the door of the second external housing is open. As above, this may be advantageous to detect unauthorised tampering attempts on the second external housing and take appropriate action before the first housing which houses the core environmental monitoring equipment is breached. In addition, this may be also able to detect accidental instances wherein the second external housing has not been properly secured.

[0059] The communication means may be configured to send an alert to a remote device based on a signal from a sensor relating to the second external housing. For example, the communication means may be configured to send an alert to a remote device based on a signal from a sensor indicating vibration of the second external housing has exceeded a threshold, or the second external housing door is open. This may be advantageous to detect unauthorised tampering attempts, despite the often-remote location of the environmental monitoring kiosk, and take appropriate action before the first housing is breached.

[0060] In some examples, the environmental monitoring kiosk further comprises a security camera. Optionally, the security camera may be arranged between the first housing and the second housing. The security camera may be configured to be activated based on a signal from one of the aforementioned sensors relating to the second external housing.

[0061] This may be advantageous to provide automatic security camera recordal during high-risk periods of potential tampering or unauthorised access of the environmental monitoring kiosk. However, the camera activation based on security sensors may be beneficial to reduce unnecessary power consumption, for example compared to continuous recording. This is particularly advantageous for environmental monitoring kiosks which are often installed in remote locations without access to mains power, and reliant on energy storage systems, such as batteries, or renewable energy generation devices. Because of their remote location, they are also particularly vulnerable to tampering, thus the provision of a security camera is advantageous for recording and identifying unauthorised persons accessing the kiosk.

[0062] The skilled person will understand that all features discussed in relation to the preceding aspects of the invention may also be applied to this aspect, including optional features in isolation.

[0063] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided an environmental monitoring kiosk for monitoring a body of water comprising a housing. The housing comprises a water inlet, coupled to a test chamber and a pump, wherein water is configured to be drawn from the water inlet into the test chamber by the pump, and wherein the test chamber comprises at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring. In some examples, the test chamber is a flow cell. The housing also comprises a communication means configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device via an antenna.

[0064] Furthermore, the housing further comprises a sensor configured to detect vibration of the housing, wherein the communication means is further configured to send an alert to the remote device based on a signal from the sensor. For example, the communication means may be configured to send an alert to the remote device based on the signal from the sensor indicating that vibration of the housing has exceeded a threshold. This may be -14 -advantageous to alert a user of potential tampering or unauthorised access to the environmental monitoring kiosk due to vibration of the housing. This may be particularly advantageous for environmental monitoring kiosks which are typically installed in remote, rural locations where monitoring of crime or unauthorised tampering is difficult. Appropriate action can then be taken accordingly, in real time.

[0065] The skilled person will understand that all features discussed in relation to the preceding aspects of the invention may also be applied to this aspect, including optional features in isolation.

[0066] Drawings Embodiments of the disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1A shows a side view of an example environmental monitoring system of the present invention comprising a sampling tube. Fig. 1B shows an end view of the environmental monitoring system of Fig. 1B.

[0067] Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of an example cover for use with a sampling tube, for example 20 such as the sampling tube of Figs. 1A and 1 B. Fig. 3A shows an alternative sampling tube for use in an environmental monitoring system, for example such as but not limited to the system shown in Figs. 1A and 1 B. Fig. 3B shows the sampling tube of Fig. 3A with its internal components indicated in dashed lines.

[0068] Fig. 4A shows another alternative sampling tube for use in an environmental monitoring system, for example such as but not limited to the system shown in Figs. 1A and 1 B. Fig. 4B shows the sampling tube of Fig. 4A with internal components, including an environmental sensor.

[0069] Fig. 5 shows another example environmental monitoring system of the present invention comprising a sampling tube.

[0070] Fig. 6A shows another example environmental monitoring system of the present invention comprising a vertically mountable sampling tube.

[0071] Fig. 6B shows an example environmental sensor for use in the system of Fig. 6A.

[0072] Fig. 7 shows another example environmental monitoring system of the present invention comprising an environmental monitoring kiosk.

[0073] Fig. 8 shows an example base for an environmental monitoring kiosk, such as but not 10 limited to the environmental monitoring kiosk of Fig. 7.

[0074] Fig. 9 shows a schematic of the components of environmental monitoring system, such as the systems of Fig. 7.

[0075] Specific description

[0076] Embodiments of the claims relate to environmental monitoring systems for monitoring a body of water. A body of water may include, but is not limited to, a stream, river, watercourse, lake, pond, or otherwise.

[0077] It will be appreciated from the discussion above that the embodiments shown in the Figures are merely exemplary, and include features which may be generalised, removed, or replaced as described herein and as set out in the claims.

[0078] Figs. 1A and 1B show an example environmental monitoring system 100 comprising a 25 sampling tube 102. The sampling tube 102 comprises a distal end 104 and a proximal end 106.

[0079] The distal end 104 of the sampling tube 102 is configured to be arranged closer to the body of water 122 than the proximal end 106, such that at least part of the distal end 104 30 is submerged in the body of water 122. By contrast, the proximal end 106 is configured to be positioned out of the body of water 122.

[0080] The distal end 104 comprises a plurality of apertures 108, in this example shown as slots.

[0081] -16 -The plurality of apertures 108 are configured to allow water into the sampling tube 102, with reduced turbulence. Whilst the plurality of apertures 108 are shown in Figs. 1A and 1B to be slots, the skilled person will understand that this is not intended to be limiting and that other aperture shapes may be used, for example such as, but not limited to, the circular apertures shown in Figs. 3A and 3B.

[0082] At least one environmental sensor (not shown) is arranged within the interior of the sampling tube 102 at its distal end 104. The sensor(s) are therefore configured to measure and/or sense environmental properties of the water flowing past the sampling tube 102. 10 Preferably, the plurality of environmental sensors are integrated into a single probe.

[0083] A power source and telemetry device (not shown) are also arranged within the interior of the sampling tube 102 at its proximal end 106. The power source is configured to power the at least one environmental sensor. The telemetry device is configured to be a data logger to record the measurements obtained by the sensors, and to wirelessly communicate the sensor data to a remote device, via an antenna 118.

[0084] In use, the distal end 104 of the sampling tube 102 is submerged in water. Water enters the stilling tube through the plurality of apertures 108 and the environmental sensors 20 measure a plurality of water quality parameters. The measurements are typically recorded by a data logger at time intervals, for example every 15 minutes.

[0085] The environmental monitoring system 100 also comprises a support structure. In this example, the support structure comprises a plurality of posts 110. Each post 110 is substantially upright and is configured to be secured into the ground. Each post 110 is coupled to the sampling tube 102 via a moveable joint 112. In this example, the moveable joints 112 are configured to rotate in the pitch axis, a range of movement perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sampling tube 102. This is illustrated in Fig. 1B which shows the post 110 closest to the distal end 104 at an angle away from the vertical, rotated outwards from the sampling tube 102. However, the skilled person will understand this is merely one example, and that other moveable joints may be used, for example such as those which are configured to allow rotation around the roll axis, having a range of movement parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sampling tube.

[0086] In this example, the posts 110 are coupled together by a support bar 114. The support bar 114 is also coupled to the sampling tube 102, wherein the support bar 114 is arranged parallel to the sampling tube 102.

[0087] The proximal end 106 of the sampling tube 102 further comprises a cover or cap 116. The cover 116 encloses the open end of the sampling tube 102 at its proximal end 106. In this example, the cover 116 comprises a cylinder having one closed end, wherein the diameter of the cylinder is larger than the proximal end 106 of the sampling tube 102. This design may be advantageous reduce tampering by protecting against leverage attempts. Preferably, the cover 116 is made of a metal, such as steel.

[0088] The cover 116 also comprises an antenna 118, wherein the antenna 118 is arranged on an external surface of the cover 116. In this example, the antenna 118 is arranged on the closed end face of the cover 116. The antenna 118 is bolted to the cover, wherein the bolt fastener is arranged on an internal surface of the cover 116, only accessible when the cover 116 is detached from the sampling tube 102. This may further reduce tampering and provide a secure attachment of the antenna 118. The antenna 118 is configured to send data collected by the environmental sensor(s) to a remote device. The antenna 118 is preferably a puck antenna due to its low-profile shape.

[0089] The cover 116 further comprises a securing means 124. The securing means 124 is configured to allow the cover 116 to be reversibly secured to the sampling tube 102. An example cover 116 comprising a securing means 124 is shown in more detail in Fig. 2.

[0090] However, the skilled person will understand that this example is not limiting and that other covers or caps, preferably lockable caps, may be used.

[0091] In the example shown in Fig. 2, the securing means 124 comprises a bar that extends from the cover 116. The bar 126 comprises an aperture 125 at its distal end. The sampling tube 102 comprises a collar which comprises an aperture 126, in this case a slot. The aperture 126 is configured to receive the bar, including its aperture 135, when the cover 116 is coupled to the distal end 106 of the sampling tube 102. A lock (not shown), such as a padlock, is configured to be received by the aperture 125 in the bar, wherein the lock is larger than the aperture 126 in the collar of the tube 102. This securing means 124 is therefore configured to prevent unauthorised removal of the cover 116 from the sampling tube 102, without first removing the lock.

[0092] Figs. 3A and 3B show an alternative sampling tube 102 for use in an environmental monitoring system, for example such as the system 100 shown in Figs. 1A and 1 B. The sampling tube 102 of Fig. 3A comprises a plurality of apertures 108 at its distal end 104, each aperture being circular. As described above in relation to Figs. 1A and 1 B, the plurality of apertures 108 are configured to allow water into the sampling tube 102, with reduced turbulence.

[0093] The distal end 104 of the sampling tube 102 also comprises a retaining means 302. In this example, the retaining means 302 is a protrusion that extends radially into the sampling tube 102 cavity from an internal surface of the tube 103. The retaining means 302 is configured to retain the environmental sensors within the sampling tube 102. Preferably, the environmental sensors are integrated within a single probe 304. More preferably, the probe 304 may comprise a sonde. The probe 304 is housed at the distal end of the sampling tube 102, and is retained therein by the retaining means 302.

[0094] A data logger and/or telemetry device 306 is arranged at the proximal end 106 of the sampling tube 102. The data logger and/or telemetry device 306 is configured to communicate with the probe 304 to receive the sensor data.

[0095] The data logger and/or telemetry device 306 is coupled to the antenna 118, wherein the antenna 118 is configured for wireless communication with at least one remote device, such that the sensor data is configured to be wirelessly communicated to said at least one remote device. As discussed in relation to Figs. 1A and 1 B, the antenna 118 is preferably arranged on an external surface of the cover 116 at the proximal end of the sampling tube 102. However, the skilled person will understand that this is merely one example, and that the antenna 118 may also be arranged on any other external surface of the sampling tube 102, preferably at the proximal end, or alternatively the antenna may be arranged within the internal cavity of the sampling tube 102.

[0096] Figs. 4A and 4B show another alternative sampling tube 102 for use in an environmental monitoring system, for example such as the system 100 shown in Figs. 1A and 1 B. In this example, the distal end 104 of the sampling tube 102 has an angled cross section. In particular, the example shown in Figs. 4A and 4B comprises a 30-degree cut at the distal 5 end 104 of the sampling tube 102, however the skilled person will understand that this is merely one example and that other angled cuts and/or cross sections may be used. The angled end of the sampling tube 102 may be advantageous to expose the probe 304 to moving water in use, whilst also acting as a cradle to support the probe 304. This may also be advantageous to facilitate easy withdrawal of the probe 304 from the sampling tube 10 102.

[0097] The tip of the angled distal end 104 of the sampling tube 102 further comprises the retaining means 302, wherein the retaining means 302 protrudes in the radial direction towards the internal cavity of the sampling tube 102. As described above, the retaining means 302, in this case a post, is configured to retain the probe 304 within the distal end 104 of the tube 102.

[0098] The tip of the angled distal end 104 of the sampling tube 102 also comprises a protruding element 402. The protruding element 402 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube 102. The protruding element 402 at the distal end 104 may be advantageous as it can act as a means to ensure that the end of the sampling tube 102 is correctly positioned, for example within a tolerance or distance from the waterbed, during installation or repositioning. This may be advantageous as distance from the waterbed may be difficult to judge from the bank and lead to incorrect positioning which can affect sensor measurements.

[0099] In this example, the protruding element 402 comprises a pointed end. The pointed end may also be advantageous to embed itself into the waterbed and help stabilise the distal end 104 of the sampling tube 102, particularly in high flow conditions in the watercourse.

[0100] Each of the sampling tubes 102 shown in Figs.1 A to 4 is preferably metal, such as but not limited to a steel construction. Preferably, each of the sampling tubes 102 may comprise an external skin wrap configured to camouflage the system.

[0101] The skilled person will understand that each of the sampling tubes 102 shown in Figs. 1A-1B, 3A-3B, and 4A-4B, may be installed within the environmental monitoring system of Figs. 1A and 1 B, for example including the support structure. However, the skilled person 5 will also understand that this example is not limiting. For example, each of the sampling tubes 102 shown in Figs. 1A-1B, 3A-3B, and 4A-4B may alternatively be provided for use in any other environmental monitoring system. For example, the skilled person will understand that each of the sampling tubes 102 shown may alternatively be used with other support structures, and/or with horizontal or vertical support structures and/or 10 mountings. The system may also be installed beneath the ground, for example such that it looks like a drainage or sewage outfall. A manhole chamber may be provided to access at least the proximal end 106 of the sampling tube 102.

[0102] For example, Fig. 5 shows another example environmental monitoring system 500 15 comprising a supporting structure configured to support the sampling tube 102 in a horizontal configuration.

[0103] In this example, the sampling tube 102 comprises two parts, 102a and 102b, respectively. A first sampling tube part 102a is arranged at the distal end 104, comprising a plurality of apertures 108 at its far end. A second sampling tube part 102b is arranged at the proximal end 106. The first and second sampling tube parts 102a and 102b are coupled together by a fixing portion 502. In this example, the fixing portion 502 is a fixing crown comprising a crenelated edge. The fixing portion 502 is configured to secure the first and second sampling tube parts 102a and 102b together. In this example, the fixing portion 502 is integrated as part of the first sampling tube part 102a, wherein the fixing portion 502 is arranged at the opposite end to the plurality of apertures 108. The fixing portion 502 is then configured to grip the second sampling tube part 102b to construct the modular sampling tube 102.

[0104] In this example, the cover 116 arranged at the proximal end 106 of the sampling tube 102 has a box-like construction, comprising a hinged lid. The hinged lid is configured to be lockable, for example by a padlock. The antenna 118 is arranged on an external surface of the cover 116, in this case on one wall of the box-like cover.

[0105] -21 -The support structure shown in Fig. 5 comprises a plurality of sets of legs. In this example, the system 500 comprises three sets of legs which are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the sampling tube 102. Each set of legs comprises two posts 504 coupled together by a horizontal support 506. The sampling tube 102 is secured to each horizontal support 506 via a bracket. The far end of each post 504 is pointed. This may be advantageous to assist in installing the posts into the ground for stability.

[0106] Preferably, each post 504 is coupled to the horizontal support by a moveable joint 112. In 10 this example, the moveable joints 112 are configured to rotate, having a range of movement parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sampling tube 102, however the skilled person will understand that this is not intended to be limiting.

[0107] Fig. 6A shows another example environmental monitoring system 600 comprising a plurality of mountings 602. The plurality of mountings 602 are configured to support the sampling tube 102 in a substantially vertical configuration. For example, each mounting may be configured to couple to a fixed structure, such as a bridge or wall adjacent to the body of water desired to be monitored. In the example shown, each mounting 602 comprises a pair of brackets, wherein the sampling tube is configured to be secured between the pair of brackets.

[0108] The sampling tube 102 of Fig. 6A comprises a first sampling tube part 102a and a second sampling tube part 102b, coupled together by a fixing portion 502, as discussed in relation to Fig. 5.

[0109] Fig. 6B shows an example environmental sensor configuration for use in the system of Fig. 6A. The environmental sensor(s) are integrated into a single probe 304, in this case a sonde. The probe 304 is coupled to a data logger and/or telemetry device 306. The data logger and/or telemetry device 306 is coupled to a chain 604, wherein the opposite end of the chain 604 comprises an attachment means 606. The attachment means 606 is configured to attached to the proximal end 106 of the sampling tube 102. As such, the probe 304 is configured to be suspended within the sampling tube 102, from the proximal end 102. The combined length of the chain 604, data logger 306, and probe 304 is -22 -approximately equivalent to the length of the sampling tube 102. As such, the probe 304 is configured to be arranged at the distal end of the sampling tube 102 in use.

[0110] The data logger and/or telemetry device 306 is configured to communicate with the 5 antenna 118, which in this example is shown as being coupled to an outer surface of the cover 116 at the proximal end 106 of the sampling tube.

[0111] Fig. 7 shows an alternative environmental monitoring system which uses an environmental monitoring kiosk 700. The kiosk 700 comprises a housing 702. For ease of illustration, the housing 702 shown in Fig. 7 is illustrated without a door in order to depict the internal components within the housing 702. However, the skilled person will understand that the housing 702 is preferably closed, for example by means of a door, so that the internal components shown are fully enclosed within the housing 702. A schematic illustrating the internal components is also shown in Fig. 9.

[0112] The housing 702 comprises a water inlet 704. The water inlet 704 is configured to be coupled to an underground water pipe 706 at one end, wherein the underground water pipe 706 is in fluid communication with the body of water which is desired to be monitored.

[0113] At another end, the water inlet 704 is coupled to a pump 708. Water is configured to be drawn from a body of water into the water inlet 704 by the pump 708. The water inlet 704 also comprises a non-return valve 705 arranged between the underground water pipe 706 and the pump 708.

[0114] The skilled person will understand that the pump 708 need not operate continuously and may be controlled to operate at time intervals, for example such as but not limited to 15 minute time intervals.

[0115] A flow cell 710 is also coupled to the water inlet 704 via the pump 708. As such, the pump 30 708 is configured to pump water from the water inlet 704 into the flow cell 710. The flow cell 710 is configured so that water samples can be continuously flowed through the flow cell. An isolation valve 709 is arranged between the flow cell 710 and the pump 708.

[0116] The flow cell 710 comprises a sensor probe 712, wherein the sensor probe 712 is configured for environmental monitoring of water. Preferably, the sensor probe 712 is a water quality multi-parameter sonde, such as but not limited to an In-Situ Aqua TROLLTM multiparameter sonde. The sensor probe 712 is configured to measure a plurality of environmental parameters of the water as it flows through the flow cell 710, driven by the pump 708.

[0117] The sensor probe 712 is electrically coupled to a power control box 714. The power control box 714 comprises a controller which is configured to control and power the sensor probe 712. In this example, the power control box 714 is coupled to a battery 716 which is configured to provide electrical power for the kiosk 700. Optionally, the kiosk 700 may further comprise at least one renewable energy generation device, such as but is not limited to a photovoltaic panel and/or a wind turbine, which is configured to charge the battery 716 and/or directly power the power control box 714 and subsequent components.

[0118] This is illustrated in Fig. 9 which illustrates alternative or supplementary power sources from a grid connection 902, or renewable power, such as solar power 904.

[0119] The kiosk 700 further comprises a telemetry device 718 coupled to the sensor probe 712 via the power control box 714. The telemetry device 718 is a data logger and cellular telemetry device which is coupled to an antenna 720. The telemetry device 718 is configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data collected by the sensor probe 712 to a remote device, via the antenna 720.

[0120] The flow cell 710 also comprises a water outlet 722. Water is nfigured to flow out of the 25 flow cell 710 via the water outlet 722. As shown in more detail in Fig. 9. a filter 906 and/or a non-return valve 908 may also be arranged between the flow cell 710 and the water outlet 722.

[0121] Preferably, the housing 702 is mounted onto a base. An example base 800 is shown in Fig. 8. The base 800 comprises an open rectangular frame which comprises a pair of parallel lower struts 802 and a pair of parallel upper struts 804, wherein the pair of lower struts 802 are perpendicular to the pair of upper struts 804. In this example, the pair of lower struts 802 provide the short edge of the rectangular frame, and the pair of upper -24 -struts provide the long edge of the rectangular frame. Preferably, the rectangular frame is a timber frame, as shown in Fig. 8. However, the skilled person will understand that other materials may be used, including metals, such as steel.

[0122] Each end of each lower strut 802 is coupled to an end of an upper strut 804 by a full lap joint, such that the upper struts 804 are arranged on top of the lower struts 802.

[0123] As shown, the pair of lower struts 802 are configured to be at least partially embedded underground. This may be advantageous to provide stability to the base and kiosk which 10 is often installed in remote, rural areas with uneven ground.

[0124] The base 800 comprises an aperture in its lower surface, bound by the rectangular frame of lower struts 802 and upper struts 804. The aperture configured to receive the underground pipe(s) 706 within the frame, for connection to the water inlet 704, and optionally the water outlet 722, from the kiosk 700. This design may be advantageous to facilitate access to the underground pipework 706, even after installation of the base 800.

[0125] In the context of the present disclosure other examples and variations of the apparatus and methods described herein will be apparent to a person of skill in the art.

Claims (33)

1. CLAIMS: 1. An environmental monitoring system for monitoring a body of water, comprising: a sampling tube, comprising a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end 5 is configured to be at least partially submerged in the body of water, and wherein the proximal end is configured to be positioned out of the body of water; at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring, arranged at the distal end of the sampling tube; a communication means configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from 10 the at least one sensor to a remote device, the communication means arranged at the proximal end of the sampling tube; and a support structure configured to hold the sampling tube in position relative to the body of water, wherein the support structure comprises a plurality of posts, and wherein each of the plurality of posts is coupled to the sampling tube via a moveable joint.

2. The environmental monitoring system of claim 1 wherein each moveable joint is configured to allow at least one rotational degree of freedom between the respective coupled post and the sampling tube.

3. The environmental monitoring system of claim 2 wherein each moveable joint comprises a swivel coupler.

4. The environmental monitoring system of any preceding claim wherein the proximal end of the sampling tube further comprises a cover configured to seal the proximal end of the 25 sampling tube.

5. The environmental monitoring system of claim 4 wherein the communication means comprises an antenna, and wherein the antenna is arranged on an external surface of the cover.

6. The environmental monitoring system of any preceding claim wherein the proximal end of the sampling tube is configured to be arranged at a bank adjacent to the body of water.

7. -26 - 7. The environmental monitoring system of any preceding claim wherein the at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring comprises a sonde.

8. The environmental monitoring system of any preceding claim wherein at least one of 5 the plurality of posts further comprises at least one renewable energy generation device, wherein the at least one renewable energy generation device is configured to power the communication means and/or the at least one sensor.

9. An environmental monitoring system for monitoring a body of water, comprising: a sampling tube, comprising a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the distal end is configured to be at least partially submerged in the body of water, and wherein the proximal end is configured to be positioned out of the body of water; at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring, arranged at the distal end of the sampling tube; a communication means configured to vvirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device via an antenna, the communication means arranged at the proximal end of the sampling tube; and a cover configured to cover the proximal end of the sampling tube, wherein the antenna is arranged on an external surface of the cover.

10. The environmental monitoring system of claim 5 and/or claim 8 wherein the antenna is a puck antenna.

11. The environmental monitoring system of any preceding claim further comprising a 25 power source configured to power the communication means and/or the at least one sensor, wherein the power source is arranged within the sampling tube.

12. The environmental monitoring system of any preceding claim wherein the distal end of the sampling tube comprises an angled end.

13. The environmental monitoring system of any preceding claim wherein the distal end of the sampling tube comprises a protruding element which extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sampling tube.

14. -27 - 14. The environmental monitoring system of claim 12 wherein protruding element comprises a pointed end.

15. An environmental monitoring kiosk for monitoring a body of water, comprising: a housing, the housing comprising: a water inlet, coupled to a test chamber and a pump at a first end, and configured to be coupled to an underground water pipe at a second end, wherein water is configured to be drawn into the water inlet from the underground water pipe, and into the test chamber from the water inlet by the pump, wherein the test chamber comprises at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring; a communication means configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device via an antenna; and a base configured to support the housing, wherein the base comprises a frame configured to be at least partially embedded underground, and wherein the frame comprises an aperture in its lower surface configured to receive the underground pipe within the frame.

16. The environmental monitoring kiosk of claim 15, wherein the base frame comprises a rectangular frame.

17. The environmental monitoring kiosk of claim 15 or 16, wherein the frame comprises a pair of lower struts and a pair of upper struts, wherein each end of each lower strut is coupled to an end of an upper strut by a full lap joint, and wherein the pair of lower struts are configured to be at least partially embedded underground.

18. An environmental monitoring kiosk for monitoring a body of water, comprising: a housing, the housing comprising: a water inlet, coupled to a test chamber and a pump, wherein water is configured to be drawn from the water inlet into the test chamber by the pump, and wherein the test 30 chamber comprises at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring; a communication means configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device via an antenna; and a mast pole, integrated to the housing, wherein the mast pole extends above the -28 -housing and comprises at least one renewable energy generation device at its distal end, wherein the at least one renewable energy generation device is configured to power the pump and/or the at least one sensor for environmental monitoring.

19. The environmental monitoring kiosk of claim 18 wherein the at least one renewable energy generation device comprises a solar panel and/or a wind turbine.

20. The environmental monitoring kiosk of claim 19 wherein the mast pole comprises at least one joint between the housing and the distal end of the mast pole, wherein the joint 10 is configured to facilitate repositioning of the distal end of the mast pole.

21. The environmental monitoring kiosk of any of claims 18 to 20 wherein the distal end of the mast pole further comprises the antenna.

22. The environmental monitoring kiosk of any of claims 18 to 21, wherein the water inlet is configured to be coupled to an underground water pipe, the environmental monitoring kiosk further comprising a base configured to support the housing, wherein the base comprises a frame configured to be at least partially embedded underground, and wherein the frame comprises an aperture in its lower surface configured to receive the underground pipe within the frame.

23. The environmental monitoring kiosk of any of claims 18 to 22 further comprising a second external housing, wherein the second external housing is configured to enclose the first housing.

24. The environmental monitoring kiosk of claim 23 wherein the second external housing further comprises a security alarm configured to detect vibration of the second external housing.

25. The environmental monitoring kiosk of any of claims 18 to 24 wherein the test chamber is a flow cell.

26. An environmental monitoring kiosk for monitoring a body of water, comprising: -29 -a first housing, the first housing comprising: a water inlet, coupled to a test chamber and a pump, wherein water is configured to be drawn from the water inlet into the test chamber by the pump, and wherein the test chamber comprises at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring; and a communication means configured to vvirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device via an antenna; and a second external housing, wherein the second external housing is configured to enclose the first housing.

27. The environmental monitoring kiosk of claim 26 wherein the second external housing further comprises a sensor configured to detect vibration of the second external housing.

28. The environmental monitoring kiosk of any of claims 26 to 27 wherein the second external housing comprises a door, wherein the first housing is configured to be accessed 15 via the door, and wherein the second external housing further comprises a sensor configured to detect when the door of the second external housing is open.

29. The environmental monitoring kiosk of any of claims 27 to 28 wherein the communication means is further configured to send an alert to a remote device based on 20 a signal from i) the sensor of claim 27 and/or H) the sensor of claim 28.

30. The environmental monitoring kiosk of any of claims 26 to 29 further comprising a security camera, arranged between the first housing and the second housing.

31. The environmental monitoring kiosk of claim 30, dependent on claim 28, wherein the security camera is configured to be activated based on a signal from the sensor of claim 28 indicating that the door of the second external housing is open.

32. An environmental monitoring kiosk for monitoring a body of water, comprising: a housing, the housing comprising: a water inlet, coupled to a test chamber and a pump, wherein water is configured to be drawn from the water inlet into the test chamber by the pump, and wherein the test chamber comprises at least one sensor configured for environmental monitoring; a sensor configured to detect vibration of the housing; and a communication means configured to wirelessly communicate sensor data from the at least one sensor to a remote device via an antenna, wherein the communication means is further configured to send an alert to the remote device based on a signal from 5 the sensor.

33. The environmental monitoring kiosk of claim 32, wherein the communication means is configured to send an alert to the remote device based on the signal from the sensor indicating that vibration of the housing has exceeded a threshold.