GB2641100A

GB2641100A - Building, modular building assembly and method of providing services

Info

Publication number: GB2641100A
Application number: GB2406954.4A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Ross Shenton Edward; Lee Jones David
Original assignee: Sano Development Ltd
Current assignee: Sano Development Ltd
Priority date: 2024-05-16
Filing date: 2024-05-16
Publication date: 2025-11-19
Also published as: GB202406954D0

Abstract

There is disclosed a building comprising: an internal volume; an external wall comprising a walkway opening which communicates with the internal volume; a technical service module positioned at least partly within the building internal volume, the technical service module comprising an internal volume containing equipment configured to provide at least one technical function within the building; an entrance module comprising an internal volume configured to communicate with the walkway opening; and a service connector positioned within the internal volume of the entrance module, for connecting the equipment within the internal volume of the technical service module to a terminating end of at least one service line located externally of the building internal volume. There is also disclosed a modular building assembly configured to form at least part of a building, and a method of providing at least one service to a building.

Description

BUILDING, MODULAR BUILDING ASSEMBLY AND METHOD OF PROVIDING SERVICES The present invention relates to a building comprising an internal volume, an external wall comprising a walkway opening which communicates with the internal volume, a technical service configured to provide at least one technical function within the building, an entrance module, and a service connector for connecting equipment within the technical service module to at least one service line. The present invention also relates to a modular building assembly configured to form at least part of a building, and a method of providing at least one service to a building.

Modular buildings are well known within the construction industry, and typically comprise a plurality of modular building units which are constructed to an assembled form away from a final location for the building (e.g. in a dedicated facility or factory), before being shipped to the final location and assembled in a predetermined fashion to form the completed building.

A foundation structure is formed at the final location, and prepared to receive the modular building units.

Examples of suitable foundation structures include concrete rafts or pads, strip and pile foundations. Utility services for the building are provided by means of service lines, which typically extend across a building site to the final location. The service line can comprise electrical power cables, telecommunication cables, gas supply conduits, water supply conduits and wastewater (sewerage) conduits. The service lines typically extend below ground level to the final location, and have terminating ends which protrude above the ground within a perimeter of the foundation structure. In some cases, the service lines are branch lines connecting to a primary service line below the ground, for example water supply conduits connected to a water mains pipe, and branch sewer conduits connected to a main sewer pipe.

The terminating ends of the service lines connect to equipment contained within one or more of the modular building units funning the building, via connecting lines in the modular units. The location of the equipment, and of the connecting lines, is predetermined in the design process for the modular building units, and fixed during the construction process. Typically, the terminating ends of the service lines are grouped together at a common location within the foundation perimeter, and a modular building unit forming the building is landed on the foundation vertically above the terminating ends, so that the connecting lines within the modular unit can he connected to the terminating ends, for routing the services into the building.

Problems can occur if the terminating ends of the service lines are incorrectly positioned relative to the foundation structure. This is because a position of the modular building units on the foundation structure may he fixed by the design of both the foundation structure, and the modular building units themselves. Mconiect positioning of the terminating ends of the service lines can have the result that one or more of the connecting lines in the modular building unit(s) are misaligned with the terminating end of the respective service line. This can require an expensive intervention involving alterations to one or more of the foundation structure, the modular building unit(s), the service lines and the connecting lines.

Hybrid building construction techniques have been developed by the applicant which seek to improve upon both conventional and modular building construction methods. A hybrid building has been developed which comprises a site-built section providing main living space within the building, and a further section comprising al least one modular building unit which is constructed away from a final location for the building. The modular building unit(s) forming the further building section contains more complex parts of the building, and/or provides the main circulation space within the building. These more complex parts can include wet facilities (e.g. one or more of a bathroom, shower room, ensuite, W/C or washroom, utility room), and services for the building (e.g. utilities connections, telecommunications, sewerage) which can be supplied to/from the site-built section by the modular building unit(s). The circulation space can comprise one or more of: a doorway providing access between an exterior and an interior of the building; a hallway and/or landing, providing access between different rooms or areas within the building; and a staircase providing access between different storeys of the building.

Whilst the hybrid building construction techniques developed by the applicant offer numerous advantages over conventional and fully modular construction methods, challenges can still exist when it conies to connecting service lines into the modular part of the hybrid building. These challenges can also be encountered in other buildings, including those of a conventional (site-built) structure, and ones that are fully modular.

According to a first aspect, there is provided a building comprising: an internal volume; an external wall comprising a walkway opening which communicates with the internal volume; a technical service module positioned at least partly within the building internal volume, the technical service module comprising an internal volume containing equipment configured to provide at least one technical function within the building; an entrance module comprising an internal volume configured to communicate with the walkway opening; and a service connector positioned within the internal volume of the entrance module, for connecting the equipment within the internal volume of the technical service module to a terminating end of at least one service line located externally of the building internal volume.

In the building of the first aspect, the service, connector (positioned within the internal volume of the entrance module) serves to connect the equipment in the technical service module to the one or more service line, which is located externally of the building's internal volume. This may provide improved flexibility, allowing for any en-ors in the location of the at least one service line, relative e.g. to the internal volume of hie building, to be accommodated without requiring a major intervention (such as adjustment of a position of the at least one service line relative to a foundation of the building).

Positioning of the service connector within die internal volume of the entrance module may provide die advantage that the service connector can be transported to a site/final location for the building within the entrance module, for subsequent connection to the equipment within the technical service module, and to at least one service line.

The service connector may comprise a connection line connected Lo the equipment within the internal volume of 5.

the technical service module. The connection line may he configured to extend from the terminating end of the at least one service line to the equipment. The service connector may comprise a connection component for connecting to the terminating end of the at least one service line. The connection line may comprise a terminating end, and the connection component may be provided on or at, or may define, the terminating end. There may he a plurality of service lines. The service connector may comprise a plurality of connection lines.

Each connection line may serve for connecting to a respective one of the service lines. Each connection line may comprise a respective connecting component. A position of the terminating end of the connection line may be adjustable, and may be adjustable: relative to the equipment within the technical service module; and/or relative to the at least one service line. This may facilitate connection of the equipment to the service line, e.g. in the event that the terminating and of the service line has been located in an incorrect position. The connection line may be flexible in order to facilitate such adjustment.

The service connector may comprise a housing. The housing may contain the terminating end of the connection line, and may contain the connection component. A location of the terminating end of the connection line (and optionally of the connection component) relative to the housing may be adjustable. The housing may be configured to be positioned above (e.g. vertically above) the terminating end of the service line. The housing may be configured to contain the terminating end of the service line. This may facilitate connection of the equipment within the technical service module to the terminating end of the service line within the housing, in particular within an internal space or chamber defined by the housing.

The entrance module may comprise an outer perimeter. The entrance module may be configured to be positioned so that the terminating end of the at least one service line resides within the outer perimeter of the entrance module. The entrance module may be positioned substantially externally of the internal volume of the building. The building may comprise a main outer perimeter, and the entrance module may extend beyond, from, or out of, the main outer perimeter.

The internal volume of the entrance module may comprise a chamber or space containing the service connector. The chamber may he separated or segregated from a main part of the internal volume of the entrance module. The entrance module may comprise a divider, such as a wall, configured to close the chamber. The entrance module may comprise an accessway, such as a door or a hatch, configured to provide access to the chamber.

The aecessway may open to an exterior of the entrance module. This may facilitate access to the service connector (e.g. by tradespeople) without requiring entry into the building. The accessway may open to an interior of the entrance module. This may facilitate access to the service connector without requiring entry into a main part of the building.

The entrance module may he configured so that its internal volume is fully enclosed. The internal volume may he fully enclosed by an external wall or walls of the entrance module, optionally in conjunction with the external wall of the building. The external wall(s) of the entrance module may comprise insulation material, so as to provide a thermal envelope (containing or defining the internal volume) encompassing the walkway opening.

The entrance module may he configured so that the walkway opening is located within the thermal envelope provided or defined by the entrance module. This may help to resist thennal energy transfer in or through the walkway opening.

The entrance module may fit over or around the walkway opening, and/or may surround, cover or encompass said opening. The entrance module may comprise an external wall having a main building walkway which communicates with the internal volume of the entrance module. The entrance module may be releasably connected relative to the external wall.

The technical service module may comprise a perimeter structure or support structure, which may Lake the form of a structural frame. The perimeter or support structure may define at least part of a perimeter of the technical service module. The perimeter or support structure may define one or more boundary or border of the technical service module. The perimeter or support structure may define or describe the internal volume. The perimeter or support structure may support structural loads in and/or applied to the technical service module. The technical service module may comprise at least one wall, and may comprise one or more of a floor or base, and a ceiling or top, which may be connected to said wall. The perimeter or support structure may define or may support one or more of: the at least one wall; the floor/base; and the ceiling/top. At least some equipment providing the function may be connected to and/or supported by the perimeter or support structure.

The building internal volume may comprise an area or space configured to receive the technical service module, and which may be shaped and/or dimensioned to receive the technical service module. The technical service may he translatable relative to the building internal volume, which may facilitate location of the technical service module in the area/space, and removal of the technical service module from the area/space. The building may be configured so that its internal volume receives the service module in a sliding fit.

The at least one service line may be selected from the group comprising: electrical power cables, telecommunication cables, gas supply conduits, water supply conduits and wastewater/sewerage conduits.

The technical function(s) may be selected from the group comprising: a mechanical unction; an electrical function; and a plumbing function. Mechanical functions can include heating and/or cooling (e.g. providing a central heating or air conditioning function), water heating and ventilation. Electrical functions can include power supply and communications (e.g. telecommunications). Plumbing functions can include water supply, and wastewater handling (sewerage). The technical service module may he a mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) module. In the case of a mechanical function, the technical service module may comprise one or more of: heating equipment forming part of a central heating system; cooling equipment forming part of an air conditioning system; water heating equipment; and ventilation equipment. In the case of an electrical function, the technical service module may comprise one or more of: electrical power lines; electricity meter; and fuse box. In the ease of a plumbing function, the technical service module may comprise one or more of: water supply conduit(s); sewerage conduit(s); and hot water supply conduit(s) for heating and/or washing purposes (and which may he associated with a water heating device).

The building may comprise a first building section. The first building section may he constructed or constructable at a site and/or a final location for the building. An internal volume of the first building section may be formed substantially entirely at the site/final location.

The building may comprise a modular building unit, which may define the internal volume of the building in which the service module is positioned. The modular building unit may form at least part of a second building section of the building. The modular building unit may he a first modular building unit, and the second building section may comprise at least one further modular building unit, which may be stacked or seated on the first modular building unit.

The building may be a hybrid building comprising the first, site-built building section and the second, modular building section.

The modular building unit and/or the technical service module may each be constructable to a substantially assembled form at a location (or locations) away from a final location for the building. The modular building unit and/or the technical service module may each he transportable to the final location in the substantially assembled form. The technical service module may he positionable within the modular building unit prior to transportation of the modular building unit to a final location for the building. Thus the technical service module can be transported to the final location within the modular building unit.

The modular building unit may he positioned inwardly and/or internally of the external wall. The first building section may comprise the external wall. The modular building unit may be disposed within a perimeter of the first building section, which perimeter may be defined at least partly by, and/or may comprise, the external wall. The modular building unit may have an end face or wall, which may be positioned adjacent/substantially adjacent to the external wall. The end face or wall may comprise or may define an aperture which may communicate with the walkway opening.

The modular building unit may define at least part of an external perimeter of the building. The modular building unit may comprise the external wall (and so may comprise the walkway opening). A further part of the external perimeter may he defined by the first building section.

The building may he a residential building. hi the context of the invention, this should he taken to mean a building in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential purposes, preferably with cooking and dining facilities. Non-limiting examples of residential buildings falling within the scope of the invention include houses (detached, semi-detached, terraced, townhouse and single storey/bungalow), as well as apartments and flats. The principles of the invention may however he applicable to non-residential buildings including commercial or industrial buildings, such as offices and factories.

Reference is made to the hybrid buildings, buildings and associated construction methods disclosed in International patent publication nos. W02022/243696, W02022/243695, W02022/243694 W02022/243693 and W02023/222853, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by this reference.

According to a second aspect, there is provided a modular building assembly configured to form at least part of a building, the modular building assembly comprising: a modular building unit comprising an internal volume; an external wall comprising a walkway opening configured to communicate with the internal volume of the modular building unit; a technical service module configured to he positioned at least partly within the internal volume of die modular building unit, the technical service module comprising all internal volume containing equipment configured to provide at least one technical function within the building; an entrance module comprising an internal volume configured to communicate with the walkway opening: and a service connector positioned within the internal volume of the entrance module, for connecting the equipment within the internal volume of the technical service module to a terminating end of at least one service line for the building.

The modular building unit may define at least part of an external perimeter of the building. The modular building unit may comprise the external wall (and so may comprise the aperture).

Further features of the modular building unit, external wall, technical service module, entrance module and/or the service connector forming part of the modular building assembly of the second aspect may he derived from the text set out elsewhere in this document, particularly in or with reference to the building of the first aspect.

According to a third aspect, there is provided a building comprising the modular building assembly according to the second aspect.

According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a method of providing at least one service to a building comprising an internal voltune and an external wall comprising a walkway opening, the method comprising the steps of: positioning a technical service module at least partly within the internal volume of the building, the technical service module comprising an internal volume containing equipment configured to provide at least one technical function within the building; positioning an entrance module relative to the external wall of the building so that an internal volume of the entrance module communicates with the walkway opening; positioning a service connector within the internal volume of the entrance module; and connecting the equipment within the internal volume of the technical service module to a terminating end of at least one service line located externally of the building internal volume using the service connector.

The method may comprise locating the entrance module above (e.g. vertically above) the terminating end of the aL least one service line so that said terminating end resides within the internal volume of the entrance module, and then connecting the service connector to said terminating end. The method may comprise connecting the equipment within the technical service module to said terminating end via a connection line of the service connector. The method may comprise arranging the connection line so that it extends from the equipment within the technical service module, through the external wall and into the internal volume of the entrance module.

The building may comprise a modular building unit, which may define the internal volume. The modular building unit may he constructed to a substantially assembled form away from a final location for the building, and may he transported to the final location in its substantially assembled form. The method may comprise positioning the technical service module within the modular building unit: prior to transportation of the modular building unit to the final location; or following positioning of the modular building unit at the final location.

The step of positioning the entrance module relative to the external wall may occur following positioning of the technical service module within the internal volume of the building. The method may comprise providing the internal volume of the entrance module with a chamber or space which is separated or segregated from a main part of the internal volume of the entrance module, and locating the service connector within said chamber. The method may comprise providing the entrance module with an accessway configured to provide access to the chamber. The method may comprise arranging the accessway so that it opens to an exterior of the entrance module. The method may comprise arranging the accessway so that it opens to an interior of the entrance module.

The method may comprise connecting the equipment within the internal volume of the technical service module to the terminating ends of a plurality of service line located externally of the building internal volume using the service connector.

The method may comprise arranging a position of the terminating end of the connection line so that it is adjustable: relative to the equipment within the technical service module; and/or relative to the at least one service line.

Further features of the method may be derived from the text set out elsewhere in this document, particularly the text relating to the buildings, and the modular building assembly, of the first to third aspects.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. I is a front view of a building according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 is a highly schematic tloorplan view of a lower storey of the building shown in Fig. 1; Figs. 3 and 4 are detailed floorplan views of lower and upper sLoreys respectively of the building illustrated in Fig. I, with an entrance module of the building removed, for illustration purposes; Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the building shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is an exploded isometisometric view of the building illustrated in Fig. 1, shown without an outer skin of the building; Fig. 7 is an enlarged floorplan view of the entrance module fanning part of the building shown in Fig. 1, illustrating its connection to all external wall of the building; Figs. 8 and 9 are schematic plan and side views, respectively, of a service connector positioned within an internal volume of the entrance module: Fig. 10 and 11 (presented on same sheet as Fig. 2) are highly schematic tloorplan views of lower storeys of buildings according to further embodiments of the invention; and Fig. 12 is a schematic wireframe view of a part of a building according to a further embodiment of the invention.

Turning firstly to Fig. 1, there is shown a front view of a building according to an embodiment of the invention, the building indicated generally by reference numeral 10. Tn the illustrated embodiment, the building 10 is a residential building, in particular a hybrid residential building in the form of a detached house. As will be described below, the hybrid building 10 comprises a section which is constructed on a building site (suitably at a final location of the building), and a section which comprises, or which is formed at least partly by, a modular building unit. The principles of the invention can however apply to other types of building, including conventional site-built constructions (in which a majority or all of an internal volume of the building is formed at the final location), and fully modular constructions (in which a majority or all of the internal volume is provided by modular building units constructed away from the final location).

Tn addition, whilst a building comprising two storeys is shown in the drawings, the principles of the invention can apply to other types of buildings, including ones having a single storey, or ones having more than two storeys. This can include, but is not restricted to: semi-detached houses, terraced houses and townhouses, as well as single storey houses (bungalows). In addition, the principles of the invention can apply to other residential buildings such as flats/apartments and hotels, and indeed to non-residential buildings, e.g. industrial or commercial buildings.

Prior to discussing the invention in more detail, it is necessary to have a general understanding of the hybrid building 10. General features of the building 10 will therefore be described first.

Reference is made to Fig. 2, which is a highly schematic floorplan view of a lower storey 12 of the building 10 shown in Fig. 1. The building 10 comprises a building section 14, which in the illustrated embodiment forms a first building section. The first building section is constructed on a site for the building 10, at a final location 16 (Fig. 1) for the building. There are a wide range of options for forming the first building section, which can include: brick/masonry; cementitious materials e.g. poured or 3D printed concrete; timber, e.g. timber frame (and optional cladding), stick-built; metal frame e.g. light gauge steel frame (LGSF); palletised e.g. formed from structural insulated panels (SIPs); and combinations of these options. In the illustrated embodiment however, the first building section 14 is Rimed from NH's.

The building 10 also comprises a second building section 18, which is defined at least partly by a modular building unit 20. The modular building unit 20 forms part of a modular building assembly which defines the second building section 18. This can be best seen by consulting Figs. 3 and 4, which are detailed floorplan views of the lower storey 12, and an upper storey 22, respectively, of the building 10. 'the second building section 18 defined by the modular building assembly comprises the modular building unit 20, which fonns a first modular building unit of the assembly, and a second modular building unit 24. The second modular building unit 24 is stacked or seated on top of the first modular building unit 20 to form the assembly 18. The first modular building unit 20 forms a lower unit of the assembly, and the second modular building unit 24 forms an upper unit of the assembly.

In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the first building section 14 encloses the second building section 18 fonned by the modular building assembly, and so the lower and upper modular building units 20 and 24. This has the result that the modular building units 20, 24 (and so the second building section IS) are effectively built-in to the first building section 14. Numerous other constructions exist however, including that the second building section I fonned by the modular building assembly is not built-into (i.e. not enclosed within) the second building section. Various alternative construction options are disclosed in the International patent publication nos.

W02022/243696, W02022/243695, W02022/243694, W02022/243693 and W02023/222853 referenced above.

A main living space defined by the first building section H is generally L-shaped in plan view (although not restricted to that shape). The second building section 18, formed by the modular building units 20 and 24, is generally rectangular shape in plan view. The units 20 and 24 are constructed to a substantially assembled form away from the final location 16, for example in a dedicated factory or facility. The units 20, 24 arc transported to the final location 16 in their substantially assembled form, and arranged to for the second building section 20. As explained in detail in the International patent publications mentioned above, the hybrid building 10 is fonned by filling/connecting the first and second building sections 14 and 18 together at the final location 16.

As mentioned above, the second building section 18 is generally rectangular shape in plan view. Other shapes are of course possible. The modular building units 20 and 24 can have any suitable dimensions, with the proviso that they will generally be required to be transported e.g. by road or rail from the factory to the final location 16. The illustrated units 20, 24 arc around 5300 Lo 5400mm in length, and around 2500 Lo 2600mm in width, which is particularly suited to such transportation. The units 20, 24 are smaller than many conventional modular building units, which can facilitate transportation and handling, and can also provide material, weight and cost savings. Although the illustrated units 20, 24 extend only part way between the front and back of the building 10, other units according to the invention can extend the full length of the building, and so may e.g. have a greater length dimension.

Principles of the present invention, as it applies to the hybrid building 10, will now be described.

The building 10 comprises an internal volume, which is indicated generally by numeral 26. Ea the illustrated embodiment, the internal volume 26 is formed or defined by the first, site-built section 14. The first building section 14 also comprises an external wall 28, which comprises a walkway opening 30 that communicates with the internal volume 26.

The building 10 additionally comprises a technical service module (or pod) 32, which provides at least one technical function within the building. The technical service module 32 comprises an internal volume 34. which contains equipment providing the technical function. The equipment will be described in more detail below, but in the illustrated embodiment, can comprise a water heater 36, ventilation system 38, electrical supply equipment 40 (which can comprise electricity cables, a fuse box/board and a meter), and a water mains/sewerage connection 41/43.

Reference is also made to Fig. 5, which is a side view of the building 10 shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 6, which is an exploded isometric view of the building. In Fig. 6, a portion 29 of the external wall 28 which includes the walkway opening 30 is shown separated from a remainder of the wall, so that the internal arrangement of components in the building 10 can be better seen. As shown in these drawings, the building 10 further comprises an entrance module 42. In a similar way to the modular building units 20 and 24, the entrance module 42 can be constructed away from the final building location 16, and transported to the site.

The entrance module 42 comprises an internal volume 44 which is configured to communicate with the walkway opening 30. A service connector 46 is positioned within the internal volume 44 of the entrance module 42, for connecting the equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43 within the internal volume 34 of the technical service module 32 to a terminating end of at least one service line located externally of the building internal volume 26. Fig. 5 shows four such service lines in schematic form, indicated respectively by numerals 48, 50, 52 and 53.

The service connector 46 serves to connect the equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43 in the technical service module 32 to the one or more service line 48-53. This provides improved flexibility, allowing for any errors in the location of the service lines 48-53 to he accommodated without requiring a major intervention (such as adjustment of a position of the at least one service line relative to a foundation 11 of the building). Positioning of the service connector 46 within the internal volume 44 of the entrance module 42 also provides the advantage that the service connector can be transported to the final location 16 within the entrance module, for subsequent connection to the equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43 within the technical service module, and to the service lines 48-52.

Reference is also made to Fig. 7, which is an enlarged floor plan view of the entrance module 42 showing its connection to the external wall 28. Figs. 8 and 9 are also referred to, which are schematic plan and side views, respectively, of the service connector 46. As shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the service connector 46 comprises at least one connection line connected to at least some of the equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43 within the internal volume 34 of the technical service module 32. In the illustrated embodiment, the service connector 46 comprises first, second, third and fourth connection lines 54, 56, 58 and 60.

It will be understood that the number of connection lines provided is determined taking account of the number of service lines, and the equipment in the technical service module 32 which is to be connected to the service lines. In the illustrated embodiment, the service lines 48, 50, 52 and 53 are respectively a mains electrical power cable, a mains gas supply pipe, a mains water supply pipe, and a sewer pipe. The connection line 54 is an electrical power connection cable, and is connected to the mains electrical power cable 48 via the service connector 46. The connection line 56 is a gas connection pipe connected to the mains gas supply pipe 50. The connection line 58 is a water connection pipe connected to the mains water supply pipe 52. The connection line 60 is a sewer/waste connection pipe connected to the sewer pipe 53. It will he understood that the invention is not limited to such service lines, and that the service lines may he of any suitable type, including but not limited to: electrical power cables, telecommunication cables, gas supply conduits, water supply conduits and wastewater/sewerage conduits.

The connection lines 54-60 each extend from a respective terminating end 62-68 of the service lines 48-53, to the equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43. Specifically, the electrical power cable 54 extends from and connects the mains power cable 48 to the electrical supply equipment 40 hi the service module 32. The gas connection pipe 56 extends from and connects the mains gas supply pipe 50 to the water heater 36. The water connection pipe 58 extends from and connects the mains water supply pipe 52 to the water supply equipment 41 (which may include a water meter). The sewer connection pipe 60 extends from and connects waste water pipes in the building 10 (see discussion below) at a central location '13 in the service module 32, to the sewer pipe 53.

The service connector 46 comprises connection components for connecting to the terminating ends of the service lines 48, 50, 52 and 53. Considering for example the water connection pipe 58, a connection component in the form of a fluid pipe connector 70 is provided on a terminating end 72 of the pipe 58, and serves for connecting the pipe 58 to the terminating end 66 of the mains water supply pipe 52. IL will be understood that each one of the connection lines 54, 56, 58 and 60 comprises a corresponding connecting component, which is appropriate to the service in question. Thus the electrical power cable 54 comprises a connection component in the form of an electrical connector 74; gas connection pipe 56 comprises a connection component in the fonn of a pipe connector 76; and the sewer connection pipe 60 comprises a connection component in the form of a further fluid pipe connector 78. Of course, the sewer connection pipe 60 will typically be of a larger diameter than the water connection pipe 58, being required to transport both fluid and solids waste material.

The positions of the terminating ends of the connection lines 54, 56, 58 and 60 is adjustable, to accommodate any discrepancies in the positioning of the service lines 48, 50, 52 and 53. Referring for example to the water connection pipe 58, a position of its terminating end 72 is adjustable both relative to the equipment within the technical service module (water supply equipment 41), and relative to the mains water supply pipe 52. This is shown in Fig. 8, where an alternative position for the terminating end 72, and the fluid pipe connector 70, is shown in broken outline. This facilitates connection of the water supply equipment 41 to the mains water supply pipe 52, e.g. in the event that the terminating end 66 of the pipe 52 has been located in an incorrect position. The water connection pipe 58 is suitably flexible in order to facilitate such adjustment.

The service connector 76 further comprises a housing 80 which contains the terminating ends of the various connection lines 54, 56, 58 and 60, and the respective connection components 72, 74, 76 and 78. It will be appreciated from Fig. 8 that the locations of the terminating ends of the connection lines 54, 56, 58 and 60 (and of the connection components 72, 74, 76 and 78) relative to the housing 80 arc adjustable. The housing 80 is configured to be positioned above (e.g. vertically above) the terminating ends 62-68 of the service lines 48, 50, 52 and 53, the housing suitably containing the terminating ends. This facilitates connection of the equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43 within the technical service module 32 to the terminating ends 62-68 of the service lines 48, 50, 52 and 53 within the housing, in particular within an internal space or chamber 82 defined by the housing 80.

Referring again to Fig. 7, it can be seen that the entrance module 42 is positioned externally of the internal volume 26 of the building 10, and comprises all outer perimeter 84. The entrance module 42 is configured to fit over or around the walkway opening 30, so that it surrounds, covers or encompasses the openings. The entrance module 42 extends in a direction along a length of the first building section external wall 28, so as to fit over both the opening 30. The entrance module 42 is configured to be positioned so that the terminating ends 62-68 of the service lines 48, 50, 52 and 53 reside within the outer perimeter 84. The building comprises a main outer perimeter 86, and the entrance module 42 is arranged so that it extends beyond, from, or out of, the main outer perimeter. The internal volume 44 of the entrance module 42 further comprises a chamber or space 88 containing the service connector 16. The chamber 88 is separated or segregated from a main part 90 of the entrance module internal volume 44. The entrance module 42 comprises a divider, such as a wall 92, configured to close the chamber 88, and an accessway provides access to the chamber. The accessway may he provided as a hatch 94 which opens to an exterior of the entrance module 42 (which may facilitate access to the service, connector 46 by tradespeople without requiring entry into the building I 0), or a door 96 which opens to the interior of the entrance module (which may facilitate access to the service connector without requiring entry into a main part of the building).

As can he seen from the drawings, the entrance module 42 is positioned substantially externally of the first building section 14, adjacent its walkway opening 30. The entrance module 42 is releasably connected relative to the first building section 14, and comprises an external wall 98 comprising a main building walkway 100 which communicates with its internal volume 44. A closure in the form of a door 101 closes the walkway 100.

A pathway or access route is therefore provided which passes directly between the internal volume 26 of the first building section 14 and the internal volume 44 of the entrance module 42, via the walkway opening 30 (without passing into or through another part of the building 10 or to the building exterior). The entrance module 42 can be releasably connected Lo the first building section 14 by any suitable means, including mechanical fasteners such as anchors (e.g. screws), or fastener assemblies such as bolts which engage in threaded sockets. Other options may include adhesives/sealants (with the proviso that the entrance module 42 is preferably capable of being released from the building section 14 if required).

The entrance module 42 is configured so that its internal volume 44 is fully enclosed, when the entrance module is positioned adjacent the walkway opening 30. The internal volume is enclosed by the front wall 98, as well as side walls 102 and 104 of the entrance module, in conjunction with the external wall 28 of the first building section 14. The external walls 98, 102 and 104 of the entrance module 42 comprise insulation material (not shown), so as to provide a thermal envelope containing the internal volume 44, and which encompasses the walkway opening 30. Of course, the internal volume may only be partially enclosed, e.g. by arranging the walkway 100 so that it is always open, without the door 101.

The technical service module 32 is releasably positioned at least partly within the internal volume 26 formed by the first building section 14. In this embodiment, the technical service module 32 is positioned within the second building section IS defined by the modular building unit 20, and so effectively within the internal volume 26 defined by the first building section 14, since the modular building unit is positioned within the volume 26. The technical service module 32 can be inserted into the modular building unit 20 prior to location of the entrance module 42 in its position adjacent the walkway opening 30. This may facilitate construction of the building 10, as the technical service module 32 may be capable of being constructed to a substantially assembled state separately from the remainder of the building (particularly the first, site-built building section 14), and without hindering its construction. The technical service module 32 can then be located within the modular building unit 20, which is positioned within the first building section 14 during construction of the building.

As will be understood from a review of the International patent publications mentioned above, the first building section can be constructed at the final location 16, and die modular building units 20 and 24 forming die second building section 18 can then he located within the internal volume 26 defined by the first building section.

Alternatively, the modular building units 20 and 24 can he positioned at the final location (suitably on a foundation of the building), and the first building section 14 then constructed around the modular units to enclose them, as shown in the drawings. Also, whilst the technical service module 32 can be installed at the final location 16, prior to connection of the entrance module 42, the service module can also be installed in the first modular building unit 20 during its construction, e.g. in a factory distanced from the final location. The modular building unit 20 can therefore he transported to the final location already containing the technical service module 32.

The building 10 comprises an outer skin 106, which can take any suitable form, including masonry such as an outer skin of bricks 108 as shown in the drawings. Alternative options (not shown) can include panels carrying brick slips or some other external weatherproofing finish (such as metal, wood or polymeric tiles), and indeed panels which themselves form the weatherproofing finish and which can be of such materials. An area of the external wall 28 covered by the entrance module 42 is typically provided without such an outer skin, which facilitates connection of the entrance module.

The walkway opening 30 takes the form of a doorway, and comprises a door frame 110 in which a door 112 is mounted. The modular building unit 20 comprises a structural frame, indicated generally by numeral 112 in Fig. 3. The structural frame 112 can he of any suitable configuration, and may in particular comprise frame components of a metallic material. The structural frame 112 defines external walls of Lhe modular building unit 20, which include a front wall 114 facing towards the front of the building 10. The front wall 114 comprises corner posts 116 and 118, and an intermediate post 120 disposed between the corner posts, and extending between top and bottom perimeter frames or ring beams (not shown) of the modular building unit 20. Reference is made to the international patent publications mentioned above for further detail on suitable modular unit structures.

The part of the structural frame 112 forming the front wall 114 is configured to he at least partially Open, so as to communicate with the walkway opening 30 defined by the external wall 28 of the first (site-built) building section 14. Specifically, the front wall 114 comprises all opening 122 which communicates with the walkway opening 30. The first building section 14 effectively defines an outer perimeter of the building 10, and the second building section 18 (provided by the modular units 20 and 24) is located within the outer perimeter, so that the second building section is enclosed, contained or encapsulated within the first building section.

The arrangement by which the main building walkway 100 of the entrance module external wall 98 communicates with the internal volume 44 of the entrance module 42, and by which said internal volume communicates with the walkway opening 30 of the first building section 14, may effectively provide access, use, between an exterior and an interior of the building 10. The main building walkway 100 defined by the entrance module external wall 98 can he considered to he a main walkway in that it provides a main or primary accessway into and out of the building 10. The entrance module '12 can have any suitable dimension, although it will be understood that it will be significantly smaller than the main part of the building 10, and indeed the modular building unit 20. The entrance module 42 will however typically be dimensioned so that its internal volume 44 has a minimum width of at least 1.2m (in a width direction of the external wall 28), and at least 1.2m in a depth direction (considered in a front to hack direction of the entrance module). This ensures that the entrance module 42 meets applicable standards in terms of the access needs of persons with reduced mobility (e.g. wheelchair users).

The technical service module 32 comprises a perimeter structure 124 which defines a perimeter of the service module, and which can define one or more boundary or border of the service module. The perimeter structure 124 defines or describes the internal volume 34 which contains the equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43. The perimeter structure 124 supports structural loads in and/or applied to the service module 32 during use, and so for example bears the load of the equipment, and any other components of the building 10 connected to or supported by the service module. The perimeter structure 124 may take the form of an open structural frame with panels or the like coupled to it to form the boundaries of the service module 32, or may be constructed from structural panels.

For example, and as shown in the drawings, the technical service module 32 can comprise side walls 126 and 128, and a back wall 130, as well as a floor/base 132 and a ceiling/top 134 (Fig. 6) connected to the walls. The equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43 providing the technical functions is connected to and supported by the perimeter structure 124, for example by mounting or connecting it to one or more of the walls 126, 128 and 130, base 132 and top 134. One or more doors open on to the internal volume 34 of the service module 32, for accessing the equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43. For example, a space saving bi-fold door 136, plus a smaller separate door 138 (Fig. 3) may be provided as part of the structure of the modular building unit 18, for accessing the internal volume 34 of the service module 32. It will be understood though that the doors 136 and 138 may be provided integrally with the service module 32. In addition to the equipment 36, 38, 40, 41 and 43, separate e.g. free-standing equipment can be provided within the internal volume 34, which can include white goods such as a washer/dryer 140.

The first building section 14, in particular its internal volume 26, comprises an area or space which is preconfigured to receive the technical service module 32, by appropriate shaping and dimensioning of the space. The space is indicated in broken outline in Fig. 2 and given the reference numeral 142. The technical service module 32 is translatable relative to the modular building unit 20 (and so effectively also relative to the first building section 14), to facilitate location of the service module in the space 142, and removal of the service module from the space. Suitably, the technical service module 32 is configured for a sliding fit, which can he achieved in numerous ways, including rollers/wheels, slider bars or pads (e.g. of a material having a low coefficient of friction), and dedicated track and connector assemblies such as those available from MiniTec UK Limited under the MINI'l'ECTM brand.

The technical function or functions provided by the service module 32 may he selected from the group comprising: a mechanical function; an electrical function; and a plumbing function. Mechanical functions can include heating and/or cooling (e.g. providing a central heating or air conditioning function), water heating and ventilation. Electrical functions can include power supply and communications (e.g. telecommunications).

Plumbing functions can include water supply, and wastewater handling (sewerage). Examples of such equipment are discussed above. The technical service module 32 may he considered to be a mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) module.

In the case of a mechanical function, the technical service module may comprise one or more of: heating equipment forming part of a central heating system; cooling equipment forming part of an air conditioning system; water heating equipment; and ventilation equipment. In the case of an electrical function, the technical service module may comprise one or more of: electrical power conduits/connections; electricity meter; and fuse box. In the case of a plumbing function, the technical service module may comprise one or more of water supply conduit(s); sewerage conduit(s); and hot water supply conduit(s) for heating and/or washing purposes (and which may be associated with a water heating device). In all cases, the equipment can include conduits/connections for connecting to corresponding conduits within the modular building unit and/or the building, for supplying a service to another part of the building.

By way of example, and referring to Figs. 3 to 5, water supply to wet facilities in the building 10 may be provided via the technical service module 32. Connection to a water mains supply may be provided within or by the service module 32, as discussed above. Water supply conduits may extend from the service module 32 to the wet facilities, which can include: a toilet 144 and washbasin 146 in a WC or washroom 148; a sink 150 in a kitchen area 152; and a toilet 154, bath 156 and washbasin 158 in a bathroom 160 (provided in the upper modular building unit 24). The conduits are indicated by the broken lines 162 and 164 in the drawings. Wastewater (including sewerage) conduits are similarly arranged, and also indicated by the lines 162 and 164. Exemplary electrical equipment in the building 10 connected to the service module 32 is also shown, for example light fittings 162 and 168 in the lower modular building unit 20.

As discussed above, numerous options exist for laming the outer skin 52 of the building 10. In this embodiment however, a particularly preferred option may he to provide an exterior weatherproofing panel which is connected to the STPs, including the wall portion I 10. In this way, the exterior weatherproofing panel is released from the external wall 28 together with the wall portion 110, so that the weatherproofing panel does not hinder release of the wall portion 110 from the opening 50. As shown in Fig. 4, where a brick finish is preferred, a panel 128 (Fig. 4) comprising brick slips 129 can he connected to the SIP forming the wall portion 110, so that it is removable together with the wall portion.

It will be understood from the above that the invention also extends to a method of providing at least one service to the building 10, comprising positioning the technical service module 32 at least partly within die internal volume 26 of the building; positioning the entrance module 42 relative to the external wall 28; positioning the service connector 46 within the internal volume 44 of the entrance module; and connecting the equipment 36, 38,10,11 and 13 within the internal volume 31 of the teelmical service module to the terminating end 62-68 of at least one service line 48-53 located externally of the building internal volume using the service connector.

Turning now to Fig. 10 (presented on same sheet as Fig. 2), there is shown a highly schematic floorplan view of a lower storey of a building according to another embodiment of the invention, the building indicated generally by reference numeral 10a. Like components of the building 10a with the building 10 share the same reference numerals, with the addition of the suffix 'a'. Only substantive differences between the building 10a and the building 10 will he described.

The building 10a is again a hybrid building, constructed according to the principles outlined elsewhere in this document, comprising a first building section 14a constructed at a final location 16a for the building, and a second building section 18a formed by stacked lower and upper modular building units, the lower unit 20a shown in the drawing. Reference is made to the discussion above for further details of site construction options for the second building section 14a.

In this embodiment, the modular building units forming the second building section 18a are not built-in to the site constructed structure, and effectively provide part of an internal volume of the completed building (rather than being positioned within an internal volume of the building defined by the site-constructed structure, as is the case in the building 10 described above). The modular building unit 20a therefore defines a part 26a of the building internal volume. The first building section 14a defines a further part 27 of the building's internal volume, which is separate from the part 26a defined partly by the second building section 18a. The first and second parts 26a, 27 of the internal volume communicate with one another, to facilitate movement between the internal volumes defined by the different sections, e.g. via an internal building doorway 170 provided by the modular building unit 20a. The first and second building sections 14a and 18a together define the total internal volume of the building (excepting of course other non-living space, such as an attic provided by a roof of the building (e.g. a roof 172 of the building 10 shown in Fig. 1).

The modular building unit 20a effectively forms part of an external perimeter of the building 10a. Specifically, the modular building unit 20a comprises a front wall 114a which effectively limns a part of the front extent al wall 2Sa of the building I Oa, and a side wall 174 which effectively forms a part of a side external wall 176 of the building. In a similar fashion to the modular building unit 20, the unit 20a comprises a structural frame (not shown) forming the front and side walls 114a and 174, and these walls typically catty an external cladding which weatherproofs and thermally insulates the first building section 14a, and forms the external wall 28a.

Suitable options include insulated panel systems, of which many types are commercially available, such as that produced by the Kingspan Group under the KARRIFRT]u brand. The remainder of the building perimeter is then provided by the site-built section 18a, which again may be formed by SIPs. The building 10a again comprises a technical service module 32a providing similar functions, and an entrance module 42a containing a service connector 46a. The external wall 28a comprises a walkway opening 30a.

It will be understood from the above that the invention also extends to a modular building assembly, which comprises the modular building unit 20a, the technical service module 32a, the entrance module 12a and the service connector 46a.

Turning now to Fig. It (presented on same sheet as Fig. 2), there is shown a highly schematic floorplan view of a lower storey of a building according to another embodiment of the invention, the building indicated generally by reference numeral 10b. Like components of the building lob with the building 10 share the same reference numerals, with the addition of the suffix 'W. Only substantive differences between die building lob and the building 10 will he described.

The building lob of this embodiment is substantially entirely formed at a final location 16b, comprising a building section 14b constructed on the site at the final location. An internal volume 26b of the building (at least that providing living space within the building) is formed substantially entirely at the final location 16b.

The building section 14h in this embodiment forms substantially the entire internal volume 26h. The building section 14b can be constructed from building materials provided at the site, e.g. at the final location 16b. This is in contrast, for example, to a modular building section or unit, constructed to a substantially assembled form at a location away from a site/final location for a building, and then transported to the site/final location where it. can be arranged to form at least a part of a building. The building lob may be considered to he of a conventional and/or non-modular construction. A wide range of options exist for forming a structure of the building section 14b, and can include: bricldmasonry; cementitious materials e.g. poured or 3D printed concrete; timber, e.g. timber frame (and optional cladding), stick-built; metal frame e.g. light gauge steel frame (LOSE); panelised e.g. formed from structural insulated panels (S1Ps); and combinations of same.

The building 10b again comprises a technical service module 32b providing similar functions, and an entrance module 42b containing a service connector 46b. An external wall 28b of the building section 14b comprises a walkway opening 30b. The building section 14b may be constructed entirely e.g. from SIPS, in the fashion of the building sections 14 and 14a described above. However, other construction options may be employed as discussed above.

It will be understood from the above that the principles of the present invention can apply not only to hybrid buildings comprising site-built and modular building sections, but also to buildings of a more conventional nature. In addition, the principles of the invention can apply to a fully modular building. Referring for example to Fig. 12, there is shown a schematic wireframe view of part of a building according to another embodiment of the invention, which in this instance is a modular building indicated generally by reference numeral 10c. Like components of the building 10c with the building 10 share the same reference numerals, with the addition of the suffix c'. Only part of the building 10e is shown in the drawing, for example a roof of the building is not shown. It will be understood however that the building may be of any suitable form, and may for example be a house similar to that shown in Fig. 1.

The building 10c is constructed substantially entirely from modular building units, which units Corm substantially the entire internal volume of the building. Specifically, the building comprises a lower storey 12e formed from modular building units 20c and 20c1; and an upper storey formed from modular building tints 21c and 24c'. The upper modular building unit 24c is stacked on the lower modular building unit 20c, and the upper modular building unit 24e' is stacked on the lower modular building unit 20c'. The stacked units 20c and 24c arc shown raised up off a foundation 1 lc of the building 10e. The modular building unit 20c forms a section 14e of the building 10c, and comprises a walkway opening 300. A technical service module 32c, shown in broken outline in the drawing, is located within an internal volume 26c defined by the modular unit 20c. An entrance module (not shown) is connected to the modular building unit 20c forming the building section 14c, in the same way as described above.

Various modifications may he made to the foregoing without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

Further aspects and/or embodiments of the invention may combine the features of one or more aspect and/or embodiment disclosed in this document. Accordingly, such further aspects and/or embodiments may comprise one or more feature selected from one or more aspect or embodiment of the invention disclosed in this document.

Unless explicitly implied by context or stated in the document, the features of any method or process disclosed in this document need not necessarily be performed in the precise order set out in the relevant text and/or drawings. Accordingly, any method or process disclosed in this document may be capable of being performed in an order other than that specifically set out in the relevant text/drawings, if circumstances permit.

Features disclosed in this document (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Accordingly, features disclosed in this document may represent only one example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A building comprising: an internal volume; an external wall comprising a walkway opening which communicates with the internal volume; a technical service module positioned at least partly within the building internal volume, the technical service module comprising an internal volume containing equipment configured to provide at least one technical function within the building; an entrance module comprising an internal volume configured to communicate with the walkway opening; and a service connector positioned within the internal volume of the entrance module, for connecting the equipment within the internal volume of the technical service module to a terminating end of at least one service line located externally of the building internal volume.
2. A building as claimed in claim 1, in which the service connector comprises a connection line connected to the equipment within the internal volume of the technical service module, the connection line extending from the terminating end of the at least one service line to the equipment.
3. A building as claimed in claim 2, in which the service connector comprises a connection component for connecting to the terminating end of the at least one service line.
4. A building as claimed in any preceding claim, in which there are a plurality of service lines, and in which the service connector comprises a plurality of connection lines, each connection line serving for connecting to a respective one of the service lines.
5. A building as claimed in claim 2, in which a position of a terminating end of the connection line isadjustable:relative to the equipment within the technical service module; and/or relative to the at least one service line.
6. A building as claimed in claim 5, in which the service connector comprises a housing containing the terminating end of the connection line, and in which a location of the terminating end of the connection line relative to the housing is adjustable.
7. A building as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the entrance module comprises an outer perimeter, and in which the entrance module is configured to he positioned so that the terminating end of the at least one service line resides within the outer perimeter of the entrance module.
8. A building as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the internal volume of the entrance module comprises a chamber containing the service connector, and in which the chamber is separated from a main part of the internal volume of the entrance module by a divider configured to close the chamber.
9. A building as claimed in claim 8, in which the main part of the entrance module internal volume communicates with the walkway opening.
10. A building as claimed in either of chains 8 or 9, in which the entrance module comprises an accessway configured to provide access to the chamber, and in which the accessway opens: to an exterior of the entrance module; and/or to an interior of the entrance module.
11. A building as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the entrance module fits over the walkway opening, and comprises an external wall having a main building walkway which communicates with the internal volume of the entrance module.
12. A modular building assembly configured to form at least part of a building, the modular building assembly comprising: a modular building unit comprising an internal volume; an external wall comprising a walkway opening configured to communicate with the internal volume of the modular building unit; a technical service module configured to he positioned at least partly within the internal volume of the modular building unit, the technical service module comprising an internal volume containing equipment configured to provide at least one technical function within the building; an entrance module comprising an internal volume configured to communicate with the walkway opcming; and a service connector positioned within the internal volume of the entrance module, for connecting the equipment within the internal volume of the technical service module to a terminating end of at least one service line for the building.
13. A modular building assembly as claimed in claim 11, in which the modular building unit defines at least part of an external perimeter of the building, and in which the modular building unit comprises the external wall.
14. A method of providing at least one service to a building comprising an internal volume and an external wall comprising a walkway opening, the method comprising the steps of: positioning a technical service module at least partly within the internal volume of the building, the technical service module comprising an internal volume containing equipment configured to provide at least one technical function within the building; positioning an entrance module relative to the external wall of the building so that an internal volume of the entrance module communicates with the walkway opening; positioning a service connector within the internal volume of the entrance module; and connecting the equipment within the internal volume of the Leelmical service module Lo a terminating end of at least one service line located externally of We building internal volume using the service connector.
15. A method as claimed in claim 14, comprising locating the entrance module above the terminating end of the at least one service line so that said terminating end resides within the internal volume of the entrance module, and then connecting the service connector to said terminating end.
16. A method as claimed in either of claims 14 or 15, comprising connecting the equipment within the technical service module to the terminating end of the at least one service line via a connection line of the service connector.
17. A method as claimed in claim 16, comprising arranging the connection line so that it extends from the equipment within the technical service module, through the external wall and into the internal volume of the entrance module.
18. A method as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 17, comprising connecting the equipment within the internal volume of the technical service module to the terminating ends of a plurality of service lines located externally of the building internal volume using the service connector.
19. A method as claimed in claim 16, comprising adjusting a position of a terminating end of the connection line: relative to the equipment within the technical service module; and/or relative Lo the at least one service line.