GB2539719A

GB2539719A - Biodegradable structure, support member and sheet

Info

Publication number: GB2539719A
Application number: GB1511302.0A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Campbell Amanda
Original assignee: COMP-A-TENT Ltd
Current assignee: COMP-A-TENT Ltd
Priority date: 2015-06-26
Filing date: 2015-06-26
Publication date: 2016-12-28
Anticipated expiration: 2035-06-26
Also published as: GB2539719B; GB201511302D0

Abstract

A biodegradable structure comprising a biodegradable support member comprising cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable sheet comprising a biodegradable bioplastic layer. A surface of the biodegradable bioplastic layer may comprise one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements and at least one outer peripheral edge portion, wherein the elongate reinforcing elements have an end portion extending outwardly away from one of the said edge portions. Many variations of bioplastics are disclosed including starch, sugar and oil. The support member may comprise cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable adhesive, e.g. hydrophobic casein glue (others disclosed). The cellulosic fibres may be formed into a layered strip and then spirally wound to form a pole. Also claimed are a biodegradable support member and a biodegradable sheet and methods of manufacture. The structure is preferably a shelter such as a gazebo or tent however other options such as chairs are disclosed. The structure can be compostable. It is preferably used at campsites at festivals where waste can be a problem.

Description

Biodegradable structure, support member and sheet

Technical Field

The present invention relates to biodegradable articles, in particular biodegradable 5 sheets and biodegradable support members for use with biodegradable structures.

Background

Structures such as tents and gazebos are known to be used outdoors. Unfortunately, it is often the case that when a structure has been used it is either abandoned outdoors or io is thrown away into landfill. This can occur because the structure is no longer of use, it has been damaged during use, or it is not convenient for the user or the user is no longer inclined to pack-up and transport the structure away with them. When items are abandoned they can pollute the environment or when thrown away they contribute to landfill.

An example of a structure for use outdoors as a tent is known from One Night's Tent (http://www.onenightstent.com/).

Summary of Invention

According to a first aspect of the invention there is presented a biodegradable structure comprising: a biodegradable support member comprising cellulosic fibres; and, a biodegradable sheet comprising a biodegradable bioplastic layer.

The first aspect may be adapted or modified according to any suitable way described herein, including but not limited to any one or more of the following.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises a surface and one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements extending over at least a portion of the said surface.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises at least one outer peripheral edge portion; at least one of the said elongate reinforcing elements comprises an end portion extending outwardly away 35 from one of the said edge portions.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the said at least one of the said elongate reinforcing elements comprises a further end portion extending outwardly from a further edge portion such that the said elongate reinforcing element 5 extends across the said surface from the edge portion to the further edge portion.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that each of the end portions of the said at least one elongate reinforcing element forms at least part of securing means for attaching and anchoring the biodegradable structure.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the said at least one elongate reinforcing element is configured to extend around at least a portion of the periphery of a cross-section of the biodegradable support member.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the biodegradable support member comprises: a biodegradable support element comprising cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable adhesive attaching at least a first portion of the said cellulosic fibres to a second portion of the said cellulosic fibres; and, a biodegradable water-repelling material covering at least a portion of an outer surface of the biodegradable support element.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the biodegradable support element comprises an elongate portion formed from a spirally wound strip, the strip comprising the said first and second portions of the cellulosic fibres.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the biodegradable water-repelling material contacts and substantially covers the entire said outer surface of the biodegradable support element.

According to a second aspect of the invention there is presented a biodegradable support member comprising: a biodegradable support element comprising cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable adhesive attaching at least a first portion of the cellulosic fibres to a second portion of the cellulosic fibres; and, a biodegradable water-repelling material covering at least a portion of an outer surface of the biodegradable support element. -3 -

The second aspect may be adapted or modified according to any suitable way described herein, including but not limited to any one or more of the following.

The biodegradable support member maybe configured such that any one or more of: 5 the biodegradable support element, the biodegradable adhesive and biodegradable water-repelling material are compostable.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the cellulosic fibres are derived from any one or more of: wood, bagasse, wheat straw, bulrush, sugarcane, rri banana and palm.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the biodegradable support element comprises paper, the paper comprising the cellulosic fibres.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the paper is recycled paper.

The biodegradable support member maybe configured such that the biodegradable support element comprises recycled kraft paper or recycled kraft board.

The biodegradable support member maybe configured such that the biodegradable support element comprises unbleached recycled kraft paper or kraft board.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the cellulosic fibres are configured as one or more material layers; the biodegradable adhesive attaching a first portion of the one or more material layers to a second portion of the one or more material layers.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that at least one of the one or more material layers is configured as a strip; wherein the biodegradable adhesive attaches a first portion of the strip to a second portion of the strip.

The biodegradable support member maybe configured such that the strip is spirally wound to form a pole. -4 -

The biodegradable support member maybe configured such that the biodegradable adhesive comprises a bioadhesive.

The biodegradable support member maybe configured such that the biodegradable 5 adhesive comprises a protein-based bioadhesive.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the biodegradable adhesive comprises a generally hydrophobic bioadhesive.

rri The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the biodegradable adhesive comprises casein glue.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the biodegradable water-repelling material comprises a layer of bioplastic.

The biodegradable support member may comprise a biodegradable bag or sleeve configured to accommodate at least a portion of the biodegradable support element, the biodegradable bag or sleeve comprising the said layer of bioplastic.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the biodegradable water-repelling material is in contact with the said portion of the outer surface of the biodegradable support element.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the water-repelling material substantially covers the entirety of the said outer surface of the biodegradable support element.

The biodegradable support member may be configured such that the biodegradable water-repelling material comprises an organic material.

The biodegradable support member maybe configured such that the biodegradable water-repelling material comprises a varnish.

The biodegradable support member maybe configured such that the biodegradable 35 water-repelling material comprises one or more materials selected from the group -5 -consisting of animal-based resin, plant-based emulsion, animal-based glue, wax and a hydrophobic compostable spray.

The biodegradable support member maybe configured such that the animal-based resin comprises shellac; and/or, the plant-based emulsion comprises latex glue; and/or, the animal-based glue comprises casein glue; and/or, the wax comprises beeswax.

According to a third aspect of the invention there is presented a biodegradable sheet comprising: a biodegradable bioplastic layer comprising a surface; and, one or more rri biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements extending over at least a portion of the said surface.

The third aspect may be adapted or modified according to any suitable way described herein, including but not limited to any one or more of the following.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that any one or more of the biodegradable bioplastic layer and the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are compostable.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises a bio-based bioplastic.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises a bioplastic derived from any one or more of: a vegetable fat, an oil, a starch, a protein, a sugar, a microbiota, a cellulosic material, or a biopolymer.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the starch comprises any one or more of: corn-starch, potato-starch or tapioca.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the surface comprises at least a portion that is air permeable.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprise an organic material. -6 -

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that each of the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprises one or more cellulosic fibres.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the cellulosic fibres are selected from the group consisting of bast fibres, leaf fibres, or seed fibres.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprise a cellulosic fibre material derived from any one or more of: cotton, pineapple, banana, linen, hemp, jute, ramie, or sisal.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprise banana fibre.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises at least one outer peripheral edge portion; at least one of the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprises an end portion extending outwardly away from one of the said edge portions.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the said at least one of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprises a further end portion extending outwardly from one of the edge portions.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the said edge and further edge are different edge portions such that the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing element: -0 or extends across the said surface from the edge portion to the further edge portion.

The biodegradable sheet may comprise a plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are configured in a spaced apart array.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the said one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are attached to the biodegradable bioplastic layer. -7 -

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the biodegradable bioplastic layer is a first bioplastic layer, the sheet comprising a second bioplastic layer; wherein the said one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are at least partially located between the first bioplastic layer and the second bioplastic layer.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the said one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are attached to at least one of the first and second bioplastic layers.

The biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the first bioplastic layer is attached to the second bioplastic layer.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention there is presented a method for producing a biodegradable support member comprising: forming a biodegradable support element by: providing a first portion and a second portion; the first portion and second portion comprising cellulosic fibres; and, attaching the first portion to the second portion using a biodegradable adhesive; and, covering at least a portion of an outer surface of the biodegradable support element with a biodegradable water-repelling material.

The fourth aspect may be adapted or modified according to any suitable way described herein, including but not limited to any one or more of the following.

The method for producing a biodegradable structure may be configured such that the or biodegradable support element comprises a strip of biodegradable material the strip comprising the said first portion and second portion; the method comprising the steps of: spirally winding the strip to form a pole.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention there is presented a method for producing a biodegradable sheet comprising: attaching a biodegradable elongate reinforcing element to a biodegradable bioplastic layer.

The method for producing a biodegradable sheet may be configured such that the said biodegradable bioplastic layer is a first bioplastic layer, the method comprising the steps of: disposing the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element between the first -8 -bioplastic layer and a second bioplastic layer; and, attaching the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element to at least one of the first or second bioplastic layers.

The method may comprise the step of attaching the first bioplastic layer to the second bioplastic layer.

The method may be configured such that any one or more of the steps of a) attaching the first bioplastic layer to the second bioplastic layer and b) attaching the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element to at least one of the first or second /o bioplastic layers; comprises applying heat to the biodegradable sheet.

The method may be configured such that the heat is applied in a lamination process.

The method may be configured such that the step of forming one or more air permeable regions in the sheet when applying the said heat.

The method may be configured such that the air permeable regions are formed by using a hot plate.

There is provided a product comprising at least one biodegradable support member according to the second aspect and at least one biodegradable sheet according to the third aspect.

The biodegradable structure may comprise the product.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that at least one biodegradable support member is configured to support the biodegradable sheet.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the at least one biodegradable support member is an elongate member; and, the biodegradable sheet is configured to extend over an elongate end portion.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the biodegradable structure is configured to reside upon a supporting surface, the elongate member comprises a first 35 end portion disposed adjacent to the supporting surface and a second end portion -9 -disposed away from the supporting surface; and, the biodegradable sheet is configured to extend over the second end portion.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that at least one of the said 5 biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprises distal end portions, each extending outwardly away from an edge portion of the bioplastic layer of the biodegradable sheet.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that each of the end portions of /o the said at least one biodegradable elongate reinforcing element forms at least part of a securing means for attaching and anchoring the biodegradable structure.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the said at least one biodegradable elongate reinforcing element is configured to extend at least partially around the periphery of a cross-section of the biodegradable support member.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the said distal end portions of the at least one biodegradable elongate reinforcing element is configured to be secured to the supporting surface such that upon securing each said distal end, the at least one biodegradable elongate reinforcing element is configured to provide tension to the biodegradable sheet.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the biodegradable structure is configured as a shelter.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the biodegradable structure is configured as a tent.

The biodegradable structure may comprise a first biodegradable sheet configured as an outer tent and a second biodegradable sheet configured as an inner tent.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the outer tent extends over at least a portion of the inner tent.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the inner tent is configured to have at least one panel.

-10 -According to a sixth aspect of the invention there is presented a biodegradable support member comprising: a biodegradable support element comprising cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable hydrophobic adhesive attaching at least a first portion of the cellulosic fibres to a second portion of the cellulosic fibres.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention there is presented a biodegradable structure comprising: a biodegradable support member comprising cellulosic material; and, a biodegradable tensile sheet, the biodegradable tensile sheet comprising at least jo one elongate reinforcing element laminated between a first and a second bioplastic layer; wherein the elongate cellulosic reinforcing element: a) comprises first and second end portions for anchoring the biodegradable structure; b) extends around at least a portion of a periphery of a cross-section of the biodegradable support member; such that the elongate reinforcing element supports the biodegradable support member.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the support member is supported by a plurality of the said elongate reinforcing elements.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that one or more of the first and 20 second end portions extend outwardly from an edge of the first and/or second bioplastic layers.

The biodegradable structure may be configured such that the first and second end portions of the biodegradable elongate cellulosic reinforcing elements are anchored to the ground such that the biodegradable sheet is under tensile strain.

Any of the biodegradable support members may be compostable. Any of the biodegradable sheets may be compostable.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to accompanying drawings, in which: Figure la is a cross-section of a biodegradable support element; Figure ibis a cross-section of the biodegradable support element of figure la further comprising a biodegradable water-repelling material; Figure lc is a perspective view of the cylindrical biodegradable support member; Figure 2a is a perspective view of three biodegradable support members configured for use as a frame; io Figure 2b is a plan view of biodegradable support members shown in figure 2a; Figures 3a and 3b illustrates biodegradable support members and a plurality of connecting sections.

Figure 4a is a plan view of a biodegradable bioplastic layer and a biodegradable elongate reinforcing element; is Figure 4b is a plan view of a further biodegradable bioplastic layer and a biodegradable elongate reinforcing element; Figure 4c is a plan view of a biodegradable bioplastic layer and a plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements; Figure 5a is a cross-section of the a biodegradable sheet comprising two biodegradable bioplastic layers and a biodegradable elongate reinforcing element; Figure 5b is a cross-section of a further biodegradable sheet comprising two biodegradable bioplastic layer and a biodegradable elongate reinforcing element; Figure 6 is a perspective view of an example of a biodegradable structure configured as a shelter, comprising an outer tent, an inner tent and three biodegradable support members; Figure 7 is a plan view of the outer tent of figure 6; Figure 8a is a plan view of the inner tent according of figure 6; Figure 8b is a plan view of the ground sheet, biodegradable support members and vestibule of the inner tent of figure 6; Figure Sc is a net diagram of the inner tent comprising a biodegradable sheet comprising eight panels and configured to form a prism; Figure 9 is a perspective view of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements attaching to and anchoring a biodegradable support member; Figure in is a perspective view of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements attaching to and anchoring a plurality of biodegradable support members configured for use as a frame; -12 -Figure 11 is a perspective view of a biodegradable sheet comprising biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements configured to support a biodegradable support member; Figure 12 is a perspective view of a biodegradable structure configured as a shelter comprising a plurality of biodegradable sheets comprising biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements attaching to and anchoring a plurality of biodegradable support members configured for use as a frame.

Detailed Description

There is presented a biodegradable support member, the support member comprising a io biodegradable support element comprising cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable adhesive attaching at least a first portion of cellulosic fibres to a second portion of cellulosic fibres. The biodegradable support member is preferably compostable.

In some examples, a biodegradable water-repelling material may also be provided that /5 covers at least a portion of a surface of the biodegradable support element. The surface that the water repelling material covers is preferably an outer surface of the support element, for example, the entire outer surface of a pole shaped support element. The biodegradable water-repelling material can be any suitable water-repelling material, for example a waterproof material or a material that is water resistant by resisting though not entirely preventing the penetration of water.

In some examples, some the support element is a rigid structure that loses its rigidity when coming into contact with water (such as via rain). Having a water repelling material covering at least a portion of a surface of the biodegradable support element may help to protect the support element from weather and help the support member keep its rigidity at least for the duration of the event.

The water repelling material can be a coating applied to the outer surface of the support dement and/or a biodegradable bag or sleeve configured to accommodate at least a portion of the biodegradable support element. The bag or sleeve may comprise one or more layers of a bioplastic material.

The support member may be used for any suitable purpose, preferably for use in a structure. The support member may be part of a frame or other structural system that supports other components of a physical construction. The frame may comprise a 35 plurality of support members wherein any of the support members are physically -13 -connected or separate from other support members. Examples of structures include tents, chairs, wind breaks and gazebos.

There is also presented a biodegradable sheet comprising a biodegradable bioplastic layer comprising a surface and one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing 5 elements extending over at least a portion of the said surface.

There is also presented a biodegradable structure comprising a biodegradable support member as described herein and a biodegradable sheet as described herein.

There is also presented a biodegradable structure comprising a biodegradable support jo member comprising cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable sheet comprising a biodegradable bioplastic layer. The structure may comprise the biodegradable support member and/or the biodegradable sheet according to any of the examples described herein. The support member may be coupled to the sheet in any suitable manner including, but not limited to: being attached to the sheet by one or more elongate reinforcing elements as described elsewhere herein; being inserted into a bag or sleeve formed part of the sheet. The sleeve or bag may be formed from an end edge portion of the sheet wrapped back upon itself and attached to a portion of the same sheet inwardly disposed from the edge. The portion of the sheet forming the bag/sleeve preferably comprises elongate reinforcing elements as described herein.

A structure, such as a tent or chair, that is biodegradable may therefore be taken by a user to an event and left there after the event to decompose naturally rather than form waste that needs to be put into landfill.

or In some examples, the components of the biodegradable structure can be substantially compostable. For example they may be substantially industrially compostable so that they will break down into natural, non-harmful substances without the need for the structure to be disposed of by the user. The biodegradable structure does not, therefore, contribute to landfill, nor does it damage the environment. Having a compostable structure can be beneficial where the structure needs to disintegrate quickly after use.

As used herein, the term "biodegradable" is intended to mean capable of disintegration by biological means, particularly readily decomposed my micro-organisms. This can 35 includes any material that degrades into carbon dioxide, water and biomass as a result of the action of naturally occurring micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae.

-14 -As used herein, the term "compostable" includes any material that degrades to yield carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds and biomass at a rate consistent with other known compostable materials and leaves no visible, distinguishable or toxic residue. The compostable components described herein may be "industrially compostable" by conforming to the compostable' criteria of a relevant standard. In the EU, BS EN 13432 defines the standard for industrially compostable materials according to a series of tests, relating to disintegration, biodegradability, the effect on the Jo composting process, the quantity of residual heavy metals and the effect on the quality of the compost produced. These tests are undertaken according to internationally agreed methods to determine if a product meets the standard. The equivalent standard in the USA is ASTM Standard D6400. The compostable components described herein may compost within 90 days.

In some examples, at least some of the components/features of the biodegradable structure can be substantially water repelling such that the structure is suitable for outdoor use. These components can be substantially water resistant or substantially waterproof. For example, support members may have a water-repelling material covering at least a portion of (preferably the entire) an outer surface of the biodegradable support element.

Figures la-c show an exemplary biodegradable support member 1 comprising a or biodegradable support element 4 comprising cellulosic fibres 5 and a biodegradable adhesive 6. Figures it) and lc show the support member further comprising a biodegradable water-repelling material 7. The biodegradable support member 1 is preferably rigid, by substantially not deforming under it's own weight. The biodegradable support member 1 may be substantially water repellent, for example by 3o comprising a hydrophobic adhesive. The biodegradable support member 1 may be substantially water resistant. The biodegradable support member 1 may be substantially waterproof. Preferably, the biodegradable support member us compostable.

Figure la shows an example of a biodegradable support element 4 comprising a body of cellulosic fibres 5 and a biodegradable adhesive 6. The support element may be formed -15 -according to any suitable shape or size, for example a flat board or an elongate element such as a pole. Figure la shows a layer of adhesive 6 applied to a surface of a layer of cellulosic fibres 5. This adhesive layer in this example (not shown in figure la) is then, in turn, contacted with another portion of cellulosic fibres forming the support element 4. This may be, for example, by: sandwiching multiple cellulosic fibre layers 5 in between adhesive successive adhesive layers 6 to make a multi-layer composite support element; spirally winding a strip of cellulosic material into an elongate tubular structure wherein overlapping portions of the strip are attached together by the adhesive 6 (as exemplified in figure In some examples, multiple tubular structures jo may be formed on top of each other to form a multi layered tube wherein an adhesive layer is disposed between the successive tubular layers.

The biodegradable adhesive 6 is used to attach at least a first portion of cellulosic fibres 5 to a second portion of cellulosic fibres 5 to form a biodegradable support element 4.

The biodegradable support element 4, in this example, is rigid by virtue of substantially not deforming under its own weight. In this example, the biodegradable adhesive 6 is located on a surface of the cellulosic fibres 5. Alternatively, the cellulosic fibres 5 may be impregnated with the biodegradable adhesive 6.

Any suitable type of cellulosic fibre may be used in the biodegradable support element 4 described herein. Cellulosic fibres may be derived from plants including wood, bagasse, wheat straw, bulrush, sugarcane, and palm, for example. Preferably, the cellulose fibres are derived from wood. The cellulosic fibres 5 may comprise paper for example, recycled paper. Additionally or alternatively, the cellulosic fibres 5 may -0 or comprise recycled kraft paper or kraft board. Preferably, the cellulosic fibres 5 comprise unbleached recycled kraft paper or kraft board.

The cellulosic fibres 5 may be configured as one or more material layers. The biodegradable adhesive 6 attaches a first portion of the one or more material layers to a second portion of the one or more material layers. The one or more material layers of cellulosic fibres 5 may be configured as a strip. The biodegradable adhesive 6 attaches a first portion of the strip to a second portion of the strip. In one example, one or more strips of unbleached recycled kraft board are used because they have a high elasticity and tear resistance that makes them strong and durable and therefore suitable for use as a support element. Advantageously, unbleached, recycled kraft board is compostable so that it will break down naturally without damaging the environment.

-16 -Any suitable biodegradable adhesive may be employed in the biodegradable support element 4 described herein. The biodegradable adhesive 6 includes natural bioadhesives derived from animals or plants. Plant-based bioadhesives may include, for example, starch-based adhesives, such as wheat paste, and emulsions, such as latex. Animal-based bioadhesives may include, for example, resins, such as shellac. Animal-based bioadhesives may include protein-based glues derived from, for example, collagen or phosphoprotein. Collagen-based glues may be derived from a group including bone, fish, hoof, hide and rabbit skin, for example. Phosphoprotein-based /o glues include casein glue, for example.

The biodegradable adhesive 6 may be substantially hydrophobic therefore acting as a water-repelling material. The biodegradable adhesive 6 may therefore be as a water-resistant material or a substantially waterproof material. In one example, the biodegradable adhesive 6 comprises casein glue. Advantageously, casein glue is generally hydrophobic so that it can act as a water-repelling layer. Casein glue is also compostable so that it will break down naturally without polluting the environment.

Figure rb shows a biodegradable support element 4 and a biodegradable water-repelling material 7, wherein the biodegradable water-repelling material 7 covers at least a portion of a surface of the biodegradable support element 4. Figure ib shows the biodegradable water-repelling material 7 covering an adhesive layer. However, the biodegradable water-repelling material 7 may cover any one or more of the biodegradable adhesive 6 or the body of cellulosic fibres 5. Preferably, the or biodegradable water-repelling material 7 is applied to substantially the entire surface of the biodegradable support element 4, preferably an outer surface.

Any suitable biodegradable water-repelling material may be employed in the biodegradable support member 1 described herein. The biodegradable water-repelling material 7 includes, for example, organic water-repelling materials. Organic water-repelling materials can be derived from animals or plants. Plant-based water-repelling materials may include, for example, emulsions, such as latex. Animal-based water-repelling materials may be derived from, for example, hydrocarbon secretions, proteins, or lipids. Animal-based water-repelling materials may include, for example, shellac, casein glue, or waxes, such as beeswax. Alternatively, the biodegradable water-repelling material 7 may be a hydrophobic compostable spray. Additionally or -17 -alternatively, the biodegradable water-repelling material 7 may comprise a biodegradable bioplastic layer. The biodegradable bioplastic may form a sleeve encompassing at least a portion of the biodegradable support element 4. Preferably, the biodegradable water-repelling material 7 is substantially hydrophobic. The biodegradable water-repelling material 7 may also act as a water-resistant material. The biodegradable water-repelling material 7 may also act as a varnish. In one example, the biodegradable water-repelling material 7 comprises shellac. Advantageously, shellac is substantially waterproof and shellac acts as a varnish that can be applied to at least part of the outer surface of the support element 4.

/o Advantageously, shellac is compostable so that it will break down naturally without damaging the environment.

Figure ic shows an example wherein the biodegradable support member 1 is configured as a pole 8. In this example, the biodegradable support element 4 may comprise cellulosic fibres 5 configured as a material layer. The layer of cellulosic fibres 5 can be configured as a strip. The biodegradable support element 4 may comprise a strip of unbleached recycled kraft board, the kraft board comprising the cellulosic fibres 5. The strip of unbleached recycled kraft board may be configured to have a lap seam. The biodegradable adhesive 6 may be applied substantially to the lap seam to attach a first portion of the strip to a second portion of the strip to form a tubular layer.

Alternatively, the biodegradable adhesive 6 may be applied to substantially the entire outer surface of the strip in order to attach a first portion of the strip to a second portion of the strip to form a tubular layer. The strip may be spirally wound to form the tubular layer. The pole 8 may comprise one or more tubular layers. The pole 8 may comprise any suitable cross-sectional shape, for example, a circle, square, rectangle, or oval. The pole 8 may have a hollow cross-section. Alternatively, the pole 8 may have a solid cross-sectional configuration.

In one example wherein the pole 8 comprises a plurality of tubular layers, the plurality of tubular layers are configured to overlie each other in a series of layers whereinthe outer diameter of the innermost tubular layer is is smaller than the outer diameter of the outermost tubular layer. The tubular layers may be arranged so that the diameter of each layer increases with distance from the innermost layer. The increase in diameter between each tubular layer is such that the overlying layer remains substantially in contact with the underlying layer. Preferably, the outermost diameter of the pole 8 is approximately 8 cm. Preferably, the total thickness of the wall of the pole 8, comprising the one or more tubular layers, is approximately 0.1 cm. Preferably, in one example, the biodegradable support element 4 may comprise six strips of unbleached recycled kraft board each configured in a cylindrical spiral-wound arrangement and arranged to overlying each other to form the pole 8.

The pole 8 may be used as a frame in any suitable biodegradable structure, for example, a chair or a shelter. In one example, the pole 8 may be used as a frame for a shelter. A plurality of poles 8 may be used in any suitable configuration as a frame for the structure. Figures za and zb show an example, wherein three poles 8 are configured for use as a frame 3 for a shelter, configured to form a tent. Preferably, the poles 8 are arranged in a triangular configuration. Figure za shows a perspective view of the poles 8 as arranged in a triangular configuration. Figure zb shows a plan view of the poles 8 as arranged in a triangular configuration.

The poles 8 may have any configuration suitable for use as a frame. The support member can be part of a support frame comprising a plurality of support members.

Figures 2a-b and 3a-b show an example wherein the pole 8 is configured as a cylindrical tube. The wall of pole 8 may have any thickness suitable for use as a supporting member.. The thickness of the wall of pole 8 may vary according to the height of the pole 8 and the forces, for example wind, that the pole 8 is required to withstand when in use as a frame. Preferably, the pole 8 does not have a wall substantially thicker than 2 cm. Preferably, the wall of the pole 8 has a thickness of 0.1 cm. The pole 8 may have any inner and/or outer diameter that varies according to the or required strength to weight ratio. The pole 8 may have any inner or outer diameter according to the required rate of biodegradation. The pole 8 may have an outer diameter in the range of 1 cm to zo cm. Preferably, the pole 8 has an outer diameter in a range of 5 cm to 15 cm. Preferably the poles has an outer diameter of 8 cm. Advantageously, the diameter of the pole 8 and the thickness of the wall of the pole 8 are configured so that the pole 8 is biodegradable and compostable.

The pole 8 may have any suitable length. In an example wherein a plurality of poles 8 is configured for use as a frame, the poles 8 may have substantially the same length. The poles may have a plurality of elongate support members (shown by references 'a', 'b' and 'c' on the pole 8') connected end on in series. The support members may be connected together using a connecting part 9.

-19 -Figure 3a shows an example of three poles 8', 8", 8", each comprising a plurality of support members and associated connecting parts 9.. In one example, a first pole 8' and a second pole 8" have substantially the same length and a third pole 8-has a shorter length than the first pole 8' and the second pole 8'. By using different length poles, a shelter can be made with a pitched roof to direct water (for example rain water) to flow away from and off the shelter. Preferably, the first pole 8' and the second pole 8" may have a length of approximately 150 cm. Preferably, the third pole 8" may have a length of approximately wo cm.

jo The poles 8 may have any diameter suitable for use as a frame. The plurality of poles 8 may have substantially the same diameters. Alternatively, Figure 3a shows an example wherein the poles 8 have different diameters. The support members of the different poles 8 may be configured so that support members of the third pole 8-can fit inside the support members of the second pole 8";and the support member of the second pole 8" may fit inside the support members of the first pole 8'. Advantageously, this arrangement results in a single pole that is easier to store and transport.

The pole 8 may comprise one part. Alternatively, the pole 8 may comprise a plurality of parts. Figure 3a shows an example wherein the pole 8 comprises a first part 8a, a second part 8b and a third part Sc, wherein the first part 8a and second part 8b are joined by a connecting part 9 and the second part 8b and the third part 8c are joined by a connecting part 9. The plurality of parts comprising pole 8 may have substantially the same diameters. The plurality of parts may have substantially the same length. Preferably, the plurality of parts has equal lengths. Preferably, the lengths of the first -0 or second and third parts 8a, 8b, 8c are each approximately 50 cm [2ocm-toocm, more preferably 3o-7ocm, more preferably 40-60cm].

Figure 3b shows an example of the connecting part 9 formed from and comprising a first biodegradable support member lot and a second biodegradable support member 102. The first and second biodegradable support members 101, 102 of the connecting part 9 may comprise substantially the same as any of the the biodegradable support member 1 described herein. The first biodegradable support member 101 may be hollow. Alternatively, first biodegradable support member ror may not be hollow. The second support member 102 is configured as a hollow tube and is disposed around the circumference of the first biodegradable support member 101. Preferably, the second biodegradable support member 102 is disposed at the centre of the longitudinal axis of -20 -the first biodegradable support member 101. The second biodegradable support member 102 has substantially the same outer diameter as the pole 8. Preferably, the second biodegradable support member 102 has an outer diameter of about 8 cm. The second biodegradable support member 102 is configured to abut at least one end portion of at least one of the support members (a, b, c) of the pole 8. The diameter of the first biodegradable support member tot is less than the inner diameter of the pole 8. The first biodegradable support member 101 is configured to fit inside at least one end portion of at least one of the plurality of parts of the pole 8. In figure 3a, the connecting part 9 and the different supporting members of the multi-member poles 8, /0 have a substantially cylindrical shape. Figure 3a shows different sized connecting parts 9 for the three different poles 8', 8" and 8-.

Figure 3a shows an example wherein the poles 8', 8", 8-have different diameters. In this following passage, the 'parts' of the poles that are connected together with connecting parts 9 are elongate cylindrical support members as described elsewhere herein. The parts of pole 8" comprise an outer diameter smaller or substantially similar to the inner diameter of the parts of pole 8". The parts of pole 8" have an outer diameter smaller or substantially similar to the inner diameter of the parts of pole 8'. In this manner the parts poles 8-and 8" may fit inside the parts of another pole.

Advantageously, this arrangement provides that the poles 8 occupy less space so that they may be stored and transported more easily.

Figures 4a-c show plan views of biodegradable sheets. Such a sheet may be used with a support member as described herein to form a biodegradable structure. The or biodegradable sheets may be substantially water repellent. The biodegradable sheets may be substantially water resistant. The biodegradable sheet may be substantially waterproof. Preferably, the biodegradable sheet is compostable.

Figure 4a shows an exemplary biodegradable sheet to comprising a biodegradable bioplastic layer no and a biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15. The sheet shown in figure 4a, in other examples, may have a plurality of elongate reinforcing elements 15 and/or one or more further bioplastic layers (for example as shown in figures 5a/5b). The biodegradable bioplastic layer no comprises a surface 14 and at least one outer peripheral edge portion 140a/b. The edge portion 140a/b may comprise a first edge portion 140a and a further second edge portion 140b that is different to the first edge portion 14oa. The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements shown in figure 4ahave a first terminating end portion 150a and a second terminating end portion 15013. The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 extend over at least a portion of the surface 14. Preferably, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 extend across the surface 14 from the first edge portion moa to the second edge portion 14013. Preferably, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 are attached to at least a portion of the surface 14.

Figure 4b shows an example wherein the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element 15 jo comprises two end portions 15oa, i5ob extending outwardly away from at least one of the at least one outer peripheral edge portions moa, mob of the biodegradable bioplastic layer no. The sheet shown in figure 4b, in other examples, may have a plurality of elongate reinforcing elements 15 and/or one or more further bioplastic layers (for example as shown in figures 5a/5b).

The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may be configured to extend across the surface 14. Preferably, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 are attached to at least a portion of the surface 14. The end portions 150a, 15ob of the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may form at least part of a securing means. The securing means may form, for example, a loop that can be used to attach the sheet to another remote structure/platform (for example being used to hook around a remote feature). Advantageously, at least a part of the securing means may be configured to anchor the bioplastic layer no to a support surface. -0or

Figure 4c shows an example wherein the biodegradable sheet to comprises a plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15. The plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may be configured in any suitable arrangement. Preferably, the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may be configured in a spaced apart array. Alternatively, the plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may not be configured in an array. The plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may extend across the surface 14 from the first edge portion moa to the second edge portion 140b. Figure 4c shows an example wherein the plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 each comprise end portions 150a, 15a extending outwardly away from the outer peripheral edge portions moa, 1401) of the biodegradable bioplastic layer no. Preferably, the one or more (preferably -22 -all) biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 are attached to at least a portion of the surface 14. The end portions 150a, 150b of the plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 1,5 may form at least part of a securing means. The securing means may form, for example, a loop. The end portions of one or more elongate reinforcing elements extending outwardly from the same edge, mayjoin at distal point to form an anchoring means. The joining of the end portions may be in any suitable way including being tied together to form a securing means.

Advantageously, at least a part of the securing means may be configured to anchor the bioplastic layer no to a support surface. Advantageously, the biodegradable bioplastic layer no and the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 are configured so that the biodegradable sheet to comprises a lightweight tensile structure.

Any suitable bioplastic material may be used to form the one or more bioplastic layers in the biodegradable sheet described herein. Preferably, the biodegradable bioplastic layer no comprises a biobased bioplastic. The biobased bioplastic may comprise a renewable biomass source derived from any one of a vegetable fat, an oil, a starch, a protein, a sugar, a microbiota, a cellulosic material and a biopolymer. The starch-based bioplastic may be derived from any one of corn-starch, potato-starch, or tapioca. The protein-based bioplastic may be derived from soybean. The sugar-based bioplastic may be derived from sugarcane. Preferably, the biodegradable bioplastic layer no comprises a corn-starch bioplastic. The biodegradable bioplastic layer no may be or substantially water resilient. The biodegradable bioplastic layer no may be substantially water resistant. The biodegradable bioplastic layer no may be substantially waterproof. The biodegradable bioplastic layer no may be substantially air-impermeable. Alternatively, the biodegradable bioplastic layer no may comprise at least one air-permeable portion. Advantageously, the corn-starch based biodegradable bioplastic layer no is substantially waterproof, lightweight and compostable.

Any suitable elongate reinforcing element may be employed in the biodegradable sheet described herein. The biodegradable elongate reinforcing element 15 may comprise an organic fibre derived from either animals or plants. The biodegradable elongate reinforcing element 15 may comprise an animal-based organic fibre derived from a group including silk, hair or wool and feathers. The biodegradable elongate reinforcing -23 -element 15 may comprise an animal-based organic fibre including silkworm silk, sea silk, rabbit hair, goat hair, or sheep wool. The biodegradable elongate reinforcing element 15 may comprise a plant-based organic fibre comprising cellulosic material derived from a group including bast, leaf and seed fibres, and bamboo. The biodegradable elongate reinforcing element 15 may comprise a plant-based organic fibre including any of: hemp, jute, flax, ramie, banana, pineapple, sisal, cotton and bamboo. Preferably, the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element 15 comprises banana fibre. Advantageously, the banana fibre has a high tensile strength and is lightweight and compostable.

The biodegradable bioplastic layer no may have any suitable thickness for use in the biodegradable sheet described herein. Preferably the biodegradable bioplastic layer no has a thickness in the range of 16 pm to zo um.

The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may comprise a fibre as described herein. Alternatively, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may comprise a plurality of fibres. Tn one example, the plurality of fibres may be configured to form a strand, for example. The strand may have any density of fibres suitable for use as a biodegradable elongate reinforcing element. The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may have any suitable thickness for use in a biodegradable sheet. Preferably, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 have a thickness in the range of 10 pm to 200 um. Advantageously, the thickness and density of the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 is configured so that the biodegradable sheet to is lightweight or and compostable whilst still achieving sufficient tensile strength to support a biodegradable structure.

Figure 5a/b show a side on cross sectional-profiles of exemplary biodegradable sheets comprising a first biodegradable bioplastic layer noa, a second biodegradable bioplastic layer nob, and a biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15.

The different components are shown spaced apart, however it is to be understood that the layers noa and nob in these examples are attached together and the elongate reinforcing elements 15 are sandwiched between the two layers. The sheet may comprise a plurality of such biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 as shown in figure 4c.

-24 -The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 are located between the first biodegradable bioplastic layer noa and the second biodegradable bioplastic layer noa. The biodegradable elongate reinforcing element 15 may extend over at least a portion of a surface 14a of the first biodegradable bioplastic layer noa and/or a surface 14b of the second biodegradable bioplastic layer nob. Preferably, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 are attached to at least a portion of the first surface ma and/or the second surface mb. The biodegradable sheet 40 may comprise one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 laminated between a first biodegradable bioplastic layer noa and a second biodegradable bioplastic layer nob.

Figure 5a shows an example of the biodegradable sheet 40 wherein the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element 15 extends across the surface 14 from the first edge portion moa to the second edge portion mob. Figure 5b shows an example of the biodegradable sheet 40 wherein the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element 15 comprises end portions 15oa, 15ob extending outwardly away from at least one of the outer peripheral edge portions moa, 140b of the biodegradable bioplastic layer no. The biodegradable sheet 40 may comprise a plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15. The plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements may be configured in any suitable arrangement. The plurality biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may be configured in an array. Advantageously, the biodegradable bioplastic layers noa, nob and the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may be configured so that the biodegradable sheet 40 comprises a or lightweight tensile structure.

Figure 6 shows an exemplary biodegradable shelter too.

The biodegradable shelter too is configured to reside upon a supporting surface. The biodegradable shelter too may comprise a first biodegradable sheet um, a second biodegradable sheet to6 and at least one biodegradable support member 108 (three are shown in figure 6). The support members 108 may be any of the support members are described herein, for example the multi-part poles as described with reference to figure 3a.

-25 -The shelter 100 may comprise a plurality of biodegradable support members 1o8 and a plurality of biodegradable sheets 104, 106. Alternatively, the shelter may comprise one biodegradable support member 108 and one biodegradable sheet 104, 106. The shelter may be configured as a tepee, a gazeebo, or a wind break, for example. in this example, the shelter loo is configured as a tent. Figure 6 shows an example wherein the first biodegradable sheet 104 is configured as an outer tent 104, the second biodegradable sheet 106 is configured as an inner tent 106, and three biodegradable support members 108 are configured as a framework for at least one of the inner 106 and/or the outer tent 104 to form the shelter 100. The biodegradable support members 108 are jo arranged in a triangular configuration. The biodegradable support members io8 are preferably rigid, by substantially not deforming under their own weight.

Figure7 shows a plan view of the outer tent 104 shown in figure 6 wherein the dashed lines 115 indicate elongate reinforcing elements. The outer tent 104 may have any configuration suitable for use as a tent. The outer tent 104 comprises at least one panel portion. Figure 7 shows an example, a plan view, wherein the outer tent 104 has seven panels joined together as a single multi-panel sheet. The outer tent 104 extends over at least a portion of the inner tent 106. The outer tent 104 may extend substantially over the inner tent 106. Preferably, outer tent 104 extends to within 30 cm above the base of the inner tent 106. Advantageously, the configuration of the outer tent 104 relative to the inner tent 106 reduces heat loss from the inner tent 106.

The outer tent 104 may have any length suitable for use as a shelter. Preferably, the outer tent 104 has a length greater than the length of the inner tent 106. The outer tent or 104 may have a length of approximately 427 cm. The outer tent 104 may have any width suitable for use as a shelter. Preferably, the outer tent 104 has a width greater than the width of the inner tent 106. The outer tent 104 may have a width of approximately 338 cm. There may be a gap between the inner tent 106 and the outer tent 104. The gap may be any gap suitable to separate at least a portion of the inner tent 106 from at least a portion of the outer tentio4. Preferably, the gap between the outer tent 104 and the inner tent 106 is approximately 10 cm. Advantageously, the gap between the outer tent and the inner tent 104 allows air to circulate between the outer tent 104 and the inner tent 106, thereby reducing the build-up of water vapour and condensation. The outer tent 104 may be secured to the inner tent 106 by securing means.

-26 -Figure 7 shows an example wherein the outer tent 104 comprises a biodegradable bioplastic layer 110 having a surface 114 and one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115. At least a portion of the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements n5 may be configured to extend over at least a portion of the surface 114. Preferably, at least a portion of the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 are attached to at least a portion of the surface 114. The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may extend outwardly beyond an outer edge of the biodegradable bioplastic layer no. At least one of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 comprises distal end portions.

/0 The distal end portions of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may form at least part of a securing means. The securing means may form, for example a loop. Advantageously, at least a part of the securing means may be configured to anchor the bioplastic layer no to a support surface. The outer tent 104 may be substantially water resilient. The outer tent 104 may be substantially water resistant.

Preferably, the outer tent 104 may be substantially waterproof. Advantageously, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements n5 may be configured to provide tension to the biodegradable bioplastic layer no when its distal ends are anchored/secured (for example by being attached to a remote feature or by being coupled to the ground using a peg).

Figures 8a-8c show different views of the inner tent 106 of figure 6.

The inner tent 106 may have any configuration suitable for use as a tent. Preferably, the configuration of the inner tent 106 complements the configuration of the outer tent 104. Preferably, at least a portion of the inner tent 106 is encompassed by the outer tent 104. The inner tent io6 comprises any number of panels suitable for use as a tent. The inner tent 106 may comprise six panels configured as a prism when erected.

Figure Sc shows a net diagram of the inner tent 106 of figure 6 wherein the inner tent comprises a multi-panel sheet comprising eight panels. Figures 6, 8a and 8b show an example wherein the inner tent 106 comprises a ninth panel configured as a vestibule 122. The vestibule 122 may comprise any shape in plan form, such as a square or a triangle. Preferably, the vestibule 122 approximates the shape of a trapezium. The vestibule 122 may be of any suitable size. In an example wherein the vestibule 122 approximates the shape of a trapezium the longest width may be approximately 150 cm, the shortest width may be approximately 70 cm and the length may be approximately -27 -cm. Figures 6 and 8c show an example wherein a panel of the inner tent 106 may further comprise an entrance 124. The entrance may be any size suitable for use as an entrance to a shelter. In one example, the entrance 124 has a width of 80 cm and a height of 100 cm. The entrance 124 may comprise a cover comprising a biodegradable bioplastic layer no. The entrance 124 may comprise a biodegradable fastening means to reversibly secure the cover away from the entrance 124. The biodegradable fastening means may comprise any means suitable for use as a fastening means. The biodegradable fastening means may comprise a plurality of strings configured to tie together. Alternatively, the fastening means may comprise a biodegradable rigid /0 bioplastic button configured as a toggle.

The inner tent 106 may have any length suitable for use as a shelter. Preferably, the inner tent 106 has a length less than the length of the outer tent 104. The inner tent 106 may have a length of approximately 210 cm. The inner tent 106 may have any width suitable for use as a shelter. Preferably, the inner tent 106 has a width less than the width of the outer tent 104. The inner tent 106 may have a width of approximately 150 cm. Preferably, the width and length of the floor plan of the inner tent 106 are configured so that the top ten percentile of men can fit in the tent. The inner tent 106 may have any height suitable for use as a shelter. Preferably, the inner tent 106 has a height less than the height of the outer tent 104. Preferably, the minimum height of the inner tent 106 is sufficient to allow a person in the top ten percentile of men to sit upright. The inner tent 106 when erected may have a height of approximately 140 cm. The height of the inner tent 106 across the bioplastic sheet 106 may be substantially the same. Alternatively, the height of the inner tent 106 across the bioplastic sheet 106 may or vary. In one example, the height of the inner tent 106 may be configured in a pitched arrangement so that at least one point of the inner tent 106 is higher than other points of the inner tent 106. In one example, the height of the inner tent may be greatest at the entrance 124 and may decrease away from the entrance 124 of the inner tent 106. The height at the entrance 124 of the inner tent 106 may be approximately 140 cm the height at the rear of the inner tent 106 may be approximately 100 cm.

The examples of the sheet forming the inner tent 106 shown in figures 6 and 8a-c may comprise a biodegradable bioplastic layer no having a surface 114 and one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements n5. At least a portion of the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may be configured to extend over at least a portion of the surface 114. Preferably, at least a portion of the one or more -28 -biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 are attached to at least a portion of the surface 114. The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may extend outwardly beyond an outer edge of the biodegradable bioplastic layer no. At least one of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements n5 comprises distal end portions.

The distal end portions of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may form at least part of a securing means. The securing means may form, for example a loop. Advantageously, at least a part of the securing means may be configured to anchor the bioplastic layer no to a support surface. The inner tent 106 may be substantially air-impermeable. Alternatively, at least a portion of the inner tent 106 may be air-permeable. Preferably, the roof of the inner tent 106 is air-permeable. The inner tent ro6 may be substantially water resilient. The inner tent ro6 may be substantially water resistant. Preferably, the inner tent ro6 may be substantially waterproof. Advantageously, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may be configured to provide tension to the biodegradable bioplastic layer no when the end portions are secured (for example to the ground or another remote structure).

The inner tent 106 may comprise ventilation means, for example, a window. The window may be reversibly opened with biodegradable fastening means. The biodegradable fastening means may comprise any means suitable to reversibly open the ventilation means. The biodegradable fastening means may comprise one or more biodegradable strings. Alternatively, the biodegradable fastening means may comprise a biodegradable rigid bioplastic. Advantageously, the air-permeable portion and/or or ventilation means of the inner tent 106 enables water vapour to escape from the inner tent 11)6, thereby substantially preventing the build-up of condensation within the inner tent 1136.

Figures 6 and 8b show an example wherein at least one biodegradable support member 108 is configured for use as a frame to support the biodegradable sheet 106.

The support member is preferably a support member as described herein. The at least one biodegradable support member 108 is this example is an elongate member. The biodegradable sheet 106 is configured to extend over the end of at least one biodegradable support member 108 (in one example a (ground sheet) portion of the biodegradable sheet forming the inner tent may reside underneath the support members whilst another (root) portion of the biodegradable sheet may reside over the -29 -top of the support members. The biodegradable support member 108 may comprise any configuration of biodegradable support member 108 as described herein. Alternatively, it may have a different configuration.

Figure 9 shows an example wherein the at least one biodegradable support member 108 is an elongate member. The at least one biodegradable support member ro8 may be disposed within a sleeve of biodegradable bioplastic (not shown) configured to accommodate at least a portion of the at least one biodegradable support member 108. Alternatively, the at least one biodegradable support member 108 may not be disposed within a sleeve of biodegradable bioplastic. The at least one biodegradable support member 108 is configured to reside upon a supporting surface (such as the ground). The at least one biodegradable support member 108 is configured to reside in a substantially upright orientation upon the supporting surface. Preferably, the at least one biodegradable support member 108 is configured to reside in a substantially vertical orientation upon the supporting surface. The at least one biodegradable support member 108 comprises a first end portion 118a and a second end portion 118b. The first end portion 118a of the at least one biodegradable support member 108 is disposed adjacent to the supporting surface. The second end portion 118b of the biodegradable support member 108 is disposed away from the supporting surface. The biodegradable sheet 104, 106 is configured to extend over an end portion of the biodegradable support member 108. The biodegradable sheet 104, 106 is configured to extend over the second end portion ii8b of the biodegradable support member 108.

The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 (which may form part or of a biodegradable sheet as described herein, but not shown in figure 9) comprise distal end portions, each extending outwardly away from the one or more biodegradable support members 108. The distal end portions of the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 form at least part of a securing means for attaching and anchoring the at least one biodegradable support member 108. Preferably, the distal end portions of the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 attach and anchor the at least one biodegradable support member 108 to the support surface at one or more attachment points 20. In one example, the distal end portions of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may form a securing means configured as a loop. The loop may be secured to the supporting surface at one or more attachment points 20 by one or more biodegradable attachment means. The one or -30 -more biodegradable attachment means may comprise a rigid bioplastic. The biodegradable rigid bioplastic may form a peg.

The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 are configured to extend at least partially around the periphery of a cross-section of the at least one biodegradable support member 108. Alternatively, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may extend around the full circumference of the periphery of the at least one biodegradable support member io8. Alternatively, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may be configured to attach to a point on the periphery of a cross-section of the at least one biodegradable support member 108.

Figures 9 and 10 show examples wherein the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 are configured to extend at least partially around different portions of biodegradable support members 108. Alternatively, the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements n5 may be configured to extend at least partially around the same portion of the at least one biodegradable support member 108. In one example, a plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 are configured to extend around a plurality of portions of the at least one biodegradable support member 108, wherein the locations of the plurality of portions are evenly spaced between the first end portion 118a and the second end portion 118b of the at least one biodegradable support member 108. Alternatively, the locations of the plurality of portions may not be evenly spaced.

or Figures 9 and 10 show examples wherein the distal end portions of the at least one of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may extend from the one or more attachment points zo towards the one or more biodegradable support members 1o8 along a first plane. The biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may further extend at least partially around the periphery of a cross-section of the at least one biodegradable support member 108. The biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may further extend outwardly away from the one or more biodegradable support members 108 along a second plane. The first plane and the second plane may be the same plane. Alternatively, the first plane and the second plane are different planes. The first plane may be arranged relative to the second plane at any angle suitable to attach and anchor the at least one biodegradable support member 1o8 to the support -31-surface. The first plane may be arranged at a 90 degree angle to the second plane. Alternatively, the first plane may be arranged at a 45 degree angle to the second plane.

The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements n5 may be disposed along one or more planes and configured to attach and anchor the at least one biodegradable support member 108. Alternatively, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may be disposed along only one plane and configured to attach to and anchor the at least one biodegradable support member 1/38.

/0 The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may comprise a single part configured to attach and anchor the at least one biodegradable support member io8 to the support surface at one or more attachment points zo. Alternatively the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may comprise a plurality of parts configured to attach and anchor the at least one biodegradable /5 support member 108 to the support surface at one or more attachment points 20.

Figure 9 shows an example wherein the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 comprise a plurality of parts. The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may comprise one or more first parts 11.5a configured as a closed loop extending around a peripheral circumference of the biodegradable support member 108 and one or more second parts 11.5b configured to extend outwardly away from the one or more biodegradable support members 108. The distal end portions of the one or more second parts 115b may form at least part of a securing means for attaching and anchoring the at least one biodegradable support member 108.

or Preferably, the distal end portions of the one or more second parts n5b attach and anchor the at least one biodegradable support member 1138 to the support surface at one or more attachment points zo. The one or more second parts n5b further comprise at least one proximal end portion. The proximal end portions of the one or more second parts 115b may be attached to the one or more first parts 115a comprising a closed loop extending around the peripheral circumference of the biodegradable support member 108. The proximal end portions of the one or more second parts 1151) may be tied with a knot to the first part n5a.

Figure 10 shows an example wherein the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may comprise a single part configured: to extend along a first plane from a first attachment point 20a towards the one or more biodegradable support -32 -members 108; to extend at least partially around a periphery of a cross-section of the at least one biodegradable support member 108, and; to extend along a second plane from the at least one biodegradable support member 108 to a second attachment point zob. The first plane and the second plane may be different planes. Alternatively, the first plane and the second plane may be substantially the same plane.

Figure 11 shows an example, in perspective view, of a biodegradable sheet 5o. The biodegradable sheet 50 is configured as a panel for use as a shelter. The panel may be any panel suitable for use as a shelter. The biodegradable sheet 50 may abut the one or jo more biodegradable support members 108. Preferably, the biodegradable sheet 50 comprises at least one portion attached to the one or more biodegradable support members to8. The biodegradable sheet 50 comprises one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115. The one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 comprise distal end portions, each extending outwardly away from the one or more biodegradable support members 108 and/or from an outer edge portion of the sheet 50. The distal end portions of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 may form at least part of a securing means for attaching and anchoring the at least one biodegradable support member 108. Preferably, the distal end portions of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 attach and anchor the at least one biodegradable support member 108 to the support surface at one or more attachment points 20. Advantageously, the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 115 are configured to provide tension to the biodegradable sheet 50 and/or anchor at least one biodegradable support member 108 to a supporting surface at one or more attachment points 20.

Figure 12 shows an example, in perspective view, wherein a plurality of biodegradable sheets 50 is configured as panels for use as a shelter zoo. The biodegradable sheets 50 are substantially the same as the biodegradable sheets 50 described herein with reference to Figure 11. Figure 12 shows an example wherein a plurality of biodegradable support members 108 is configured in a square arrangement for use as a frame to support the plurality of biodegradable sheets 313. Alternatively, the biodegradable support members 108 may be configured in any arrangement suitable for use as a frame. The plurality of biodegradable sheets 50 may comprise three panels configured as a roof panel and a first lateral panel and a second lateral panel. The roof panel is configured to extend over at least one biodegradable support member 108. Preferably, the roof panel is configured to extend over at least a portion of each of the -33 -biodegradable support members 108. Alternatively, any number of biodegradable support members 108 suitable for use as a frame for a shelter may be used. Alternatively, one biodegradable support member 108 may be configured to support one biodegradable sheet 5o. The at least one biodegradable sheet 50 is configured to extend over at least a portion of at least one biodegradable support member 108.

In one example, there is provided a method for producing a biodegradable support member 1. The method may comprise forming a biodegradable support element 4 by providing a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion and second ro portion comprise cellulosic fibres 5, and; attaching the first portion to the second portion using a biodegradable adhesive 6, and; covering at least a portion of a surface, preferably an outer surface, of the biodegradable support element 4 with a biodegradable water-repelling material 7. Alternatively, the method may comprise covering at least a portion of a surface, preferably an outer surface, of the biodegradable support element 4 with a biodegradable water-resilient material. Alternatively, the method may comprise covering at least a portion of a surface, preferably an outer surface, of the biodegradable support element 4 with a biodegradable waterproof material. The method may also comprise providing a biodegradable support element 4 comprising a strip of biodegradable material, wherein the strip comprises the said first portion and the said second portion. The method may further comprise the steps of spirally winding the strip to form a tubular layer for use as a pole 8.

In one example, there is provided a method for producing a biodegradable sheet 10 wherein one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 are attached to a or bioplastic layer no. The said bioplastic layer no comprises a first bioplastic layer noa and a second bioplastic layer nob and the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 1,5 are disposed between the first bioplastic layer noa and the second bioplastic layer nob, and; the one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements 15 may be attached to at least one of the first or second bioplastic layers noa, nob. In one example, the method may also comprise attaching the first bioplastic layer noa to the second bioplastic layer nob. The method may also comprise attaching the first bioplastic layer noa to the second bioplastic layer nob using heat, wherein the heat is applied in a lamination process. The method may also comprise forming one or more air permeable regions in the biodegradable sheet m when applying the said heat.

The method may also comprise using a hot plate to provide the said heat.

Claims

-34 -Claims 1. A biodegradable structure comprising: a biodegradable support member comprising cellulosic fibres; and, a biodegradable sheet comprising a biodegradable bioplastic layer.
2. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises a surface and one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements extending over at least a portion of the said surface.
3. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 2 wherein the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises at least one outer peripheral edge portion; at least one of the said elongate reinforcing elements comprises an end portion extending outwardly away from one of the said edge portions.
4. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 3 wherein the said at least one of the said elongate reinforcing elements comprises a further end portion extending outwardly from a further edge portion such that the said elongate reinforcing element extends across the said surface from the edge portion to the further edge portion.
5. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 4 wherein each of the end portions of the said at least one elongate reinforcing element forms at least part of securing means for attaching and anchoring the biodegradable structure.
6. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 5 wherein the said at least one elongate reinforcing element is configured to extend around at least a portion of the periphery of a cross-section of the biodegradable support member.
7. The biodegradable structure as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the 30 biodegradable support member comprises: a biodegradable support element comprising cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable adhesive attaching at least a first portion of the said cellulosic fibres to a second portion of the said cellulosic fibres; and, a biodegradable water-repelling material covering at least a portion of an outer surface of the biodegradable support element.
8. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 7 wherein the biodegradable support element comprises an elongate portion formed from a spirally wound strip, the strip comprising the said first and second portions of the cellulosic fibres.
9. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claims 7 or 8 wherein the biodegradable water-repelling material contacts and substantially covers the entire said outer surface of the biodegradable support element.to. A biodegradable support member comprising: a biodegradable support element comprising cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable adhesive attaching at least a first portion of the cellulosic fibres to a second portion of the cellulosic fibres; and, a biodegradable water-repelling material covering at least a portion of an outer surface of the biodegradable support element.it. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim to wherein any one or more of: the biodegradable support element, the biodegradable adhesive and biodegradable water-repelling material are compostable.12. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim lo or 11 wherein the cellulosic fibres are derived from any one or more of: wood, bagasse, wheat straw, bulrush, sugarcane, banana and palm.13. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one or more of claims 10- 12 wherein the biodegradable support element comprises paper, the paper comprising the cellulosic fibres.14. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim 13 wherein the paper is recycled paper. 30 15. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one or more of claims 10- 14 wherein the biodegradable support element comprises recycled kraft paper or recycled kraft board.16. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim 15 wherein the biodegradable support element comprises unbleached recycled kraft paper or kraft board.17. The biodegradable support member as claimed any one or more of claims 10-16 wherein the cellulosic fibres are configured as one or more material layers; the biodegradable adhesive attaching a first portion of the one or more material layers to a second portion of the one or more material layers.18. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim 17 wherein at least one of the one or more material layers is configured as a strip; wherein the biodegradable adhesive attaches a first portion of the strip to a second portion of the strip.19. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim 18 wherein the strip is spirally wound to form a pole.20. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one or more of claims 10-19 wherein the biodegradable adhesive comprises a bioadhesive.21. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim 20 wherein the biodegradable adhesive comprises a protein-based bioadhesive.22. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one or more of claims 10-21 or wherein the biodegradable adhesive comprises a generally hydrophobic bioadhesive.23. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one or more of claims 10-22 wherein the biodegradable adhesive comprises casein glue.24. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one or more of claims 10-23 wherein the biodegradable water-repelling material comprises a layer of bioplastic.25. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim 24 comprising a biodegradable bag or sleeve configured to accommodate at least a portion of the biodegradable support element, the biodegradable bag or sleeve comprising the said layer of bioplastic.26. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one of claims 10-25 wherein the biodegradable water-repelling material is in contact with the said portion of the outer surface of the biodegradable support element.27. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim 26 wherein the water-repelling material substantially covers the entirety of the said outer surface of the biodegradable support element.28. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one of claims 10-27 wherein the biodegradable water-repelling material comprises an organic material.29. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one of claims 10-28 wherein the biodegradable water-repelling material comprises a varnish.30. The biodegradable support member as claimed in any one of claims to-29 wherein the biodegradable water-repelling material comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of animal-based resin, plant-based emulsion, animal-based glue, wax and a hydrophobic compostable spray.31. The biodegradable support member as claimed in claim 30 wherein: the animal-based resin comprises shellac; and/or, the plant-based emulsion comprises latex glue; and/or, the animal-based glue comprises casein glue; and/or, the wax comprises beeswax.32. A biodegradable sheet comprising: a biodegradable bioplastic layer comprising a surface; and, one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements extending over at least a portion of the said surface.33. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in claim 32 wherein any one or more of the biodegradable bioplastic layer and the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are compostable.-38 - 34. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of claims 32-33 wherein the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises a bio-based bioplastic.35. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any of claims 32-34 wherein the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises a bioplastic derived from any one or more of: a vegetable fat, an oil, a starch, a protein, a sugar, a microbiota, a cellulosic material, or a biopolymer.36. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in claim 35 wherein the starch comprises any /0 one or more of: corn-starch, potato-starch or tapioca.37. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of claims 32-36 wherein the surface comprises at least a portion that is air permeable.38. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of the claims 32-37 wherein the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprise an organic material.39. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of claims 32-38 wherein each of the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprises one or more cellulosic fibres and/or silk-based fibres.40. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in claim 39 wherein the cellulosic fibres are selected from the group consisting of bast fibres, leaf fibres, or seed fibres.41. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of claims 32-40 wherein the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprise a cellulosic fibre material derived from any one or more of: cotton, pineapple, banana, linen, hemp, jute, ramie, or sisal.42. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of claims 32-41 wherein the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprise banana fibre.43. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of the claims 32-42 wherein the biodegradable bioplastic layer comprises at least one outer peripheral edge portion; at 35 least one of the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprises an end portion extending outwardly away from one of the said edge portions.44. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in claim 43 wherein the said at least one of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprises a further end portion extending outwardly from one of the edge portions.45. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in claim 44 wherein the said edge and further edge are different edge portions such that the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing element: extends across the said surface from the edge portion to the further edge portion.46. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of the claims 32-45 comprising a plurality of biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements.47. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in claim 46 wherein the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are configured in a spaced apart array.48. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of the claims 32-47 wherein the said one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are attached to the biodegradable bioplastic layer.49. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in any one of claims 32-48 wherein the biodegradable bioplastic layer is a first bioplastic layer, the sheet comprising a second bioplastic layer; wherein the said one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are at least partially located between the first bioplastic layer and the second bioplastic layer.50. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in claim 49 wherein the said one or more biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are attached to at least one of the first and second bioplastic layers.51. The biodegradable sheet as claimed in claims 49 or so wherein the first bioplastic layer is attached to the second bioplastic layer.52. A method for producing a biodegradable support member comprising: forming a biodegradable support element by: -40 -providing a first portion and a second portion; the first portion and second portion comprising cellulosic fibres; and, attaching the first portion to the second portion using a biodegradable adhesive; and, covering at least a portion of an outer surface of the biodegradable support element with a biodegradable water-repelling material.53. A method for producing a biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 52 wherein the biodegradable support element comprises a strip of biodegradable material the /o strip comprising the said first portion and second portion; the method comprising the steps of: spirally winding the strip to form a pole.54. A method for producing a biodegradable sheet comprising: attaching a biodegradable elongate reinforcing element to a biodegradable bioplastic layer.55. A method for producing a biodegradable sheet as claimed in claim 54 wherein the said biodegradable bioplastic layer is a first bioplastic layer, the method comprising the steps of: disposing the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element between the first bioplastic layer and a second bioplastic layer; and, attaching the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element to at least one of the first or second bioplastic layers.56. A method as claimed in claim 55 further comprising the step of attaching the first bioplastic layer to the second bioplastic layer.57. A method as claimed in claims 55 or 56 wherein any one or more of the steps of a) attaching the first bioplastic layer to the second bioplastic layer and b) attaching the biodegradable elongate reinforcing element to at least one of the first or second bioplastic layers; comprises applying heat to the biodegradable sheet.58. A method as claimed in claim 57 wherein the heat is applied in a lamination process.59. A method as claimed in claims 57 or 58 comprising the step of forming one or more air permeable regions in the sheet when applying the said heat.60. A method as claimed in claim 59 wherein the air permeable regions are formed by using a hot plate.61. A product comprising at least one biodegradable support member as claimed in any of claims 10-31 and at least one biodegradable sheet as claimed in any of claims 32-51.62. A biodegradable structure comprising the product as claimed in claim 61.63. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 62 wherein at least one biodegradable support member is configured to support the biodegradable sheet.64. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claims 62 or 63 wherein: the at least one biodegradable support member is an elongate member; and, the biodegradable sheet is configured to extend over an elongate end portion.65. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 64 wherein: the biodegradable structure is configured to reside upon a supporting surface, the elongate member comprises a first end portion disposed adjacent to the supporting surface and a second end portion disposed away from the supporting surface; and, or the biodegradable sheet is configured to extend over the second end portion.66. The structure as claimed in any one of claims 62-65 wherein at least one of the said biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements comprises distal end portions, each extending outwardly away from an edge portion of the bioplastic layer of the biodegradable sheet.67. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 66 wherein each of the end portions of the said at least one biodegradable elongate reinforcing element forms at least part of a securing means for attaching and anchoring the biodegradable structure.68. The biodegradable structure as claimed in any of claims 62-67 wherein the said at least one biodegradable elongate reinforcing element is configured to extend at least partially around the periphery of a cross-section of the biodegradable support member.69. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 68 wherein the said distal end portions of the at least one biodegradable elongate reinforcing element is configured to be secured to the supporting surface such that upon securing each said distal end, the at least one biodegradable elongate reinforcing element is configured to provide tension to the biodegradable sheet.70. The biodegradable structure as claimed in any one of the claims 62-69 wherein the biodegradable structure is configured as a shelter.71. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 70 wherein the biodegradable structure is configured as a tent.72. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 71 comprising a first biodegradable sheet configured as an outer tent and a second biodegradable sheet configured as an inner tent.73. The biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 72 wherein the outer tent extends over at least a portion of the inner tent.74. The biodegradable structure as claimed in any one of claims 72 or 73 wherein the inner tent is configured to have at least one panel.75. A biodegradable support member comprising: a biodegradable support element comprising cellulosic fibres and a biodegradable hydrophobic adhesive attaching at least a first portion of the cellulosic fibres to a second portion of the cellulosic fibres.76. A biodegradable structure comprising: a biodegradable support member comprising cellulosic material; and, a biodegradable tensile sheet, the biodegradable tensile sheet comprising at 35 least one elongate reinforcing element laminated between a first and a second bioplastic layer; wherein the elongate cellulosic reinforcing element: a) comprises first -43 -and second end portions for anchoring the biodegradable structure; b) extends around at least a portion of a periphery of a cross-section of the biodegradable support member; such that the elongate cellulosic reinforcing element supports the biodegradable support member.77. A biodegradable structure as claimed in claim 76 wherein the support member is supported by a plurality of the said elongate reinforcing elements.78. A biodegradable structure as claimed in claims 76 or 77 wherein one or more of the first and second end portions extend outwardly from an edge of the first and/or second bioplastic layers.79. A biodegradable structure as claimed in any of claims 76-78 wherein the first and second end portions of the biodegradable elongate reinforcing elements are anchored to the ground such that the biodegradable sheet is under tensile strain.80. A biodegradable support member as claimed in any of claims 10-31 and 75 wherein the biodegradable support member is compostable.81. A biodegradable sheet as claimed in any of claims 32-51 and 75 wherein the biodegradable sheet is compostable.82. A biodegradable structure as claimed in any of claims 62-74 and 76-79.