GB2535694A - Safety device - Google Patents
Safety device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2535694A GB2535694A GB1501351.9A GB201501351A GB2535694A GB 2535694 A GB2535694 A GB 2535694A GB 201501351 A GB201501351 A GB 201501351A GB 2535694 A GB2535694 A GB 2535694A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- chemical
- facility
- container
- vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920004449 Halon® Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 AFFF Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPYZDEZASWILLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B.C=C.C=C.C=C Chemical compound B.C=C.C=C.C=C KPYZDEZASWILLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005829 chemical entities Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroiodomethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)I VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
- A62C3/065—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products for containers filled with inflammable liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
- B60K2015/03381—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling for preventing explosions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/50—Aeroplanes, Helicopters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2306/00—Other features of vehicle sub-units
- B60Y2306/01—Reducing damages in case of crash, e.g. by improving battery protection
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Abstract
A device is provided for rendering fuel inert in a fuel holding facility. Means such as a frangible seal are activated when a predetermined force is applied such as when a vehicle airbag is released. An inertial switch may be provided. This releases a chemical from a container in the facility. When the chemical is mixed with the fuel, it reduces the risk of explosion of the fuel which is for example petrol in a fuel tank of a car. The chemical may comprise one or more of polyurethane resin with toluene diisocyanate, maleic anhydride and ethylene glycol, AFFF, water, a Halon and monoammonium phosphate powder. The chemical may alter the state of the fuel to a more solid or gel like form or, alternatively, foam with the action of a polymerising agent or emulsifier/ detergent respectively.
Description
SAFETY DEVICE
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to safety devices and in particular to devices which reduce the likelihood of a fire or explosion caused by ignition of vehicle fuel following an accident.
Background to the Invention
Fire and/or explosion of vehicle fuel is a frequent occurrence after the vehicle has been involved in an accident. The vehicle may be a vehicle which travels on a road or on water or is an airborne vehicle. The fuel may be located in a fuel tank of the vehicle, a storage tank separate from the vehicle or in a fuel processing facility.
Statements of the Invention
According to the present invention there is provided a device for rendering fuel inert in a fuel holding facility, the device comprising a container located within the facility, said container holding a chemical which, when mixed with fuel contained within the facility, renders the fuel inert, means for releasing the chemical from the container and into contact with the fuel, and means for activating the chemical releasing means, and sealing means separating the contents of the container from fuel held within the facility, the sealing means permitting the chemical to contact the fuel when the fuel holding facility is subject to at least a predetermined force.
Preferably, the fuel holding facility is a fuel tank located on a vehicle. The activation means may then be means responsive to a sudden deceleration of the vehicle.
The container may be located above the fuel tank, for instance, over the top-dead-centre of 30 the tank.
The sealing means may be a frangible seal designed to break at a specific threshold magnitude force which equates to a G-force experienced in an accident. Alternatively, the vehicle's own crash detection system causes a pulse of air from a small cartridge to increase the pressure within the container to a level sufficient to break the frangible seal.
The chemical may be a composition containing, for instance, a plurality of ingredients, for example, three ingredients.
Preferably, the chemical is present in an amount by volume which is less than 1150th, more preferably 11100th, of the volume capacity of the fuel tank.
The means for activating the chemical releasing means may be, for instance, an inertial switch. A further possibility is that the activating means includes means responsive to the release of an ancillary device within the vehicle, such as an airbag.
The fuel disabling system may be combined with a vehicle's cooling system, evacuating an adapted antifreeze into the fuel tank to reduce the flash point. Most common antifreeze chemicals possess intrinsically lower flash points than petroleum. Such an arrangement would not add significant weight to the vehicle. Where the fuel is not miscible with the coolant's solvent (e.g. petroleum rather than kerosene with water) the antifreeze compound may have a high partition coefficient and migrate preferentially into the organic fraction.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a device which includes a packet of one or more chemicals which is installed in a fuel tank, for instance, a petrol tank of a vehicle and, upon impact of the vehicle, such that a predetermined deceleration takes place, the packet bursts within the fuel tank and renders the fuel inert.
The vehicle may be, for instance, a car, a bus, a utility vehicle, a motorcycle or an aeroplane. The vehicle may also be a marine vessel and the invention is applicable to military vehicles as well as civilian. In the case where the vehicle is an aeroplane, a device of the invention could include a tube of chemicals installed along the leading edge (the vertically highest point) in an aircraft and prevent a fire or explosion as a result of, for example, an accident during take-off of the aircraft.
The chemical may also be used in a non-vehicular situation, for example to chemically alter fuel which is in storage or processing in such locations as a fuel depot or drilling locale. In this situation the contained chemical may be manually released or initiated automatically in the event of a fire outbreak in another area of the plant or premises.
Similarly the invention may be used to render fuel inert and without value in the event of a 5 security breach. The initiating mechanism may therefore be connected to an alarm, whether on a car or industrial premises. This may act to deter thieves in a climate of rising fuel prices.
The device of the invention may also be manually initiated to immobilise a vehicle which has already been stolen via a GSM signal or other in coordination with a GPS vehicle tracking 10 system.
Many fuel stations operate multiple underground tanks to cater for the range of fuels and octane ratings required by modem vehicles. A device of the invention may be used to rapidly disable neighbouring tanks in the event of an explosion or breach of another. The device could be activated by an attendant, by authorisation from a central office or fire station or by remote control.
The fuel is preferably petrol but may be another fuel which can be rendered inert by a suitable chemical or combination of chemicals.
The chemical may be one which reacts with metal ion deactivators or corrosion inhibitors already present in modem fuels to produce a product chemical which then goes on to react with the fuel itself with the aim of reducing combustibility.
The chemical reaction may increase the flash point by reducing volatility or increasing the octane rating (RON), thereby altering the fuels tendency to auto-ignite towards a higher pressure and temperature threshold.
This may occur by increasing hydrocarbon chain length, increasing the presence of tertiary 30 and quaternary structures or relocating these to more central portions of the molecule.
The chemical may be such that it targets and physically alters the presence of a specific chemical entity responsible for reducing the natural flash point or octane rating of the fuel.
The chemical reaction should not be sufficiently exothermic to initiate combustion of any unreacted fuel in the initiation step. The reaction should also not cause any build up in pressure in the containment vessel which could breach the walls and cause fuel, whether reacted or not, to escape.
The fuel might be reengineered to increase its flash resistance to safer levels. An activating agent may then be introduced at the point of injection to bring the flash point more in line with its pm-engineered level. An example of this has already been developed by the addition of tri-ethylene borane (TEB) to Jet Propellant 7 (JP7) which is included to help ignite the otherwise poorly flammable fuel. The separation is provided with the intention of reducing the explosion hazard in fuel exposed to more extreme temperatures and pressures. The activating agent should not be as flammable as the fuel in itself.
The chemical may alter the state of the fuel to a more solid or gel like form or, alternatively, 15 foam with the action of a polymerising agent or emulsifier/detergent respectively.
The present invention also provides a method for rendering inert fuel located within a fuel holding facility, the method comprising locating within a container a chemical which renders the fuel inert, the container being separated from the fuel by sealing means, permitting the container to contact the fuel and subjecting the fuel holding facility to at least a predetermined force sufficient to cause the sealing means to allow the chemical to contact the fuel.
Where retro fitting to older models is prohibitively expensive or technically impossible it is imagined that the fire service could adopt chemical packs of the same. These could either be manually inserted into a damaged or hazardous vehicle or sprayed/emptied over an area of spilled fuel. Thus the immediate risk from explosion would be reduced. The packet could also be introduced from a distance by pole or robotic vehicle, further reducing the risk to servicemen.
The method could also be used to dispose of a petrol bomb or 1ED adopting petrol as the accelerant where disposal through deactivating the detonator is not an option for whatever reason.
Chemicals which may be used in the present invention include one or more of the following: polyurethane resin in combination with toluene diisocyanate to form a foam; maleic anhydride and ethylene glycol (antifreeze); aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) and water solution; water, AFFF, and Halon 130 I; water and monoammonium phosphate powder; 30% calcium chloride and water solution; 50% ethylene glycol and water solution; 70% ethyl alcohol and water solution; Halon 130 I and water mixture; monoanimonium phosphate powder mixed with Halon 301; and chemicals having the codenames FC-218, HFC-227ea, HFC-125 and CF3I.
Claims (11)
- CLAIMS1. A device for rendering fuel inert in a fuel holding facility, the device comprising a container located within the fuel facility, said container holding a chemical which, when mixed with fuel contained within the fuel facility, renders the fuel inert, means for releasing the chemical from the container and into contact with the fuel, and sealing means separating the contents of the container from fuel held within the facility, the sealing means permitting the chemical to contact the fuel when the fuel holding facility is subject to a sudden impact of at least a predetermined force.
- 2. A device according to Claim 1, wherein the fuel holding facility is located on a vehicle and the sealing means is responsive to a sudden deceleration of the vehicle.
- 3. A device according to Claim 1, wherein the chemical is a composition.
- 4. A device according to Claim 2, wherein the composition comprises three ingredients.
- 5. A device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the chemical is present in an amount by volume which is less that 1150th of the volume capacity of the fuel tank.
- 6. A device according to Claim 4, wherein the chemical is present in an amount by volume which is less that 11100th of the volume capacity of the fuel tank.
- 7. A device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the activating means includes an inertial switch.
- 8. A device according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the activating means includes means responsive to the release of an airbag within the vehicle.
- 9. A device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fuel is petrol.
- 10. A device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the vehicle is a motor car.
- 11. A method for rendering inert fuel located within a fuel holding facility, the method comprising locating within a container a chemical which renders the fuel inert, the container being separated from the fuel by sealing means, and subjecting the fuel holding facility to at least a predetermined force sufficient to cause the sealing means to allow the chemical to contact the fuel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1501351.9A GB2535694A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2015-01-27 | Safety device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1501351.9A GB2535694A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2015-01-27 | Safety device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201501351D0 GB201501351D0 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
| GB2535694A true GB2535694A (en) | 2016-08-31 |
Family
ID=52674007
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1501351.9A Withdrawn GB2535694A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2015-01-27 | Safety device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2535694A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4274491A (en) * | 1978-09-26 | 1981-06-23 | Energy And Minerals Research, Co. | Process and apparatus for continuous discharge of material at localized damage point |
| JP2005299865A (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-10-27 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Method and apparatus for protecting hydrogen storage tank |
| US20080164262A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Automotive fuel storage system with in-tank fuel encapsulation system |
| US20090018382A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-15 | Firetrace Usa, Llc | Methods and apparatus for containing hazardous material |
| WO2013038138A2 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | Preston Powers Jullian Joshua | Safety device |
-
2015
- 2015-01-27 GB GB1501351.9A patent/GB2535694A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4274491A (en) * | 1978-09-26 | 1981-06-23 | Energy And Minerals Research, Co. | Process and apparatus for continuous discharge of material at localized damage point |
| JP2005299865A (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-10-27 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Method and apparatus for protecting hydrogen storage tank |
| US20080164262A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Automotive fuel storage system with in-tank fuel encapsulation system |
| US20090018382A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-15 | Firetrace Usa, Llc | Methods and apparatus for containing hazardous material |
| WO2013038138A2 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | Preston Powers Jullian Joshua | Safety device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201501351D0 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |