GB2589540A

GB2589540A - Improvements in and relating to construction

Info

Publication number: GB2589540A
Application number: GB1911937.9A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Owen George
Original assignee: Acra Screed Ltd
Current assignee: Acra Screed Ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-20
Filing date: 2019-08-20
Publication date: 2021-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-20
Also published as: GB201911937D0; GB2589540B

Abstract

The support apparatus 300, particularly for use in supporting formwork comprising an expansion apparatus 200, comprises a ground engaging base block 310 (e.g. concrete) and a support member 320. The expansion apparatus may comprise a deformable member (e.g. foam) and an expansion member (e.g. steel). The expansion member may comprise a channel engaging an engagement part 322 of the support apparatus, which may be height adjustable. The expansion member may have apertures receiving dowel bar apparatus 400, e.g. comprising releasable connector 430 used with first bar section 410 and an end member (e.g. bolt) replaced by a second bar section after pouring a first slab. The dowel bars may be supported by height-adjustable frame connector 500. The expansion and/or support apparatus may have couplings 215,324 for plumb bars 600. The expansion apparatus may have a cap 700 (e.g. resiliently deformable). Adjacent expansion apparatuses may be joined together in use. Also claimed is a method comprising pouring two concrete slabs (optionally continuously) such that the expansion apparatus interposes them.

Description

IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to construction, particularly though not exclusively, to apparatus and methods for the construction of concrete slabs.

BACKGROUND TO INVENTION

It is known to form concrete slabs by pouring concrete. When large areas of concrete are poured it is often necessary to produce two or more slabs and to make provision for expansion and contraction of the slabs with an expansion provided between slabs to allow for the natural movement of the concrete.

A known method of providing an expansion is to use a wooden batten, held level and in place by steel road form pins knocked into the ground. The wooden batten provides a temporary formwork for poured concrete while it sets and needs to be as accurate as possible as the top defines the finished level of the concrete slab.

With this method of construction, steel dowel bars are inserted horizontally through holes in the batten such that they extend from either side. One side of the bars is covered either by a plastics sleeve or bitumen allowing the concrete around that side to slide along the bar when it has set. The other side of the dowel bar is just left as steel.

A first concrete slab is then poured over steel reinforcement and once it has had sufficient curing time the batten and the pins are removed. Prior to a second slab being poured a thin layer of expansion foam is fitted over the dowel bars extending the full length and depth of the slab.

Steel reinforcement is then prepared so that the second concrete slab can be poured. The second concrete slab is then poured such that the layer of foam interposes the first and second concrete slabs to provide an expansion joint in order to allow for expansion and movement of the concrete slabs once set.

Once the second concrete slab is set a tear off strip is removed from the top of the foam and the joint is primed with primer and then a polysulphide mastic is pumped into the joint.

There are a number of disadvantages associated with this construction method. Installation of the batten can be difficult as knocking pins into the ground can be hard work and it is difficult to keep pins straight. Methods of levelling are crude and it is virtually impossible to be precise.

Additionally concrete slabs often require a membrane underneath to allow for movement or in some cases as a barrier against harmful Radon gas. The use of pins results in puncturing of that membrane. When Radon gas is present it is very important that the membrane is not punctured.

Removal of the batten once the first concrete slab has set can also be difficult as the dowel bars are fixed in place and extend through the timber batten meaning it can be an effort to release the batten and pull it over the dowel bars. In addition, concrete from the first slab can spill over the batten during the pour creating further resistance to removal of the batten.

As well as being in the way of the stripping of the batten the dowel bars are a serious trip hazard while the concrete is been poured and they are also difficult to work around while the area for the second concrete slab is being prepared.

Additionally, to polysulphide the joint is a laborious task. First, the top of the foam joint has to be removed and the gap thoroughly cleaned before applying a paint like primer followed by the polysulphide which is applied with a mastic style gun. As well as being a very laborious task this requires dry conditions making outdoor concrete areas difficult to produce in wet weather. To polysulphide the joint also adds significant expense as it requires a second site visit because the concrete has to have a sufficient amount of curing before the polysulphide can be applied. The ploysulphide material is also very expensive.

Accordingly, the present invention aims to address at least one disadvantage associated with the prior art whether discussed herein or otherwise.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a formwork apparatus adapted, in use, to allow for expansion of concrete slabs, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises: an expansion apparatus; and a support apparatus; and wherein the support apparatus comprises a ground engaging base block and a support member and is adapted, in use, to support the expansion apparatus in position Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises at least two support apparatuses, more suitably three or more.

Suitably, there is provided a formwork apparatus adapted, in use, to allow for expansion of concrete slabs, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises: an expansion apparatus; a plurality of support apparatuses; and wherein each support apparatus comprises a ground engaging base block and a support member and is adapted, in use, to support the expansion apparatus in position.

Suitably, unlike known methods of levelling which rely on timber wedges, the support apparatus can be adjusted with great precision to be millimetre accurate.

Suitably, in use, the expansion apparatus is adapted to define an edge of poured concrete slabs and to remain in position as part of the structure. Suitably, in use, the formwork apparatus is adapted to form a permanent part of a structure.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus is adapted such that the expansion apparatus can be supported in position without the need to insert supports into the ground.

Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises an expansion member. Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises an expansion member which is substantially rigid. Suitably, the expansion member is elongate.

Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises a deformable member. Suitably, the deformable member is resiliently deformable. Suitably, the deformable member is elongate.

Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises an expansion member which has a deformable member mounted thereto. Suitably, the expansion member comprises metal. Suitably, the deformable member comprises foam.

Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises a metal member which has a foam member mounted thereto. Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises a metal sheet which has a foam sheet mounted thereto.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises a plurality of support apparatuses each adapted to support the expansion member such that an upper, in use, edge of the expansion member lies at a desired height above the ground.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus is adapted such that, in use, the expansion member is supported such that an upper edge of the expansion member extends substantially horizontally.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises a wall section. Suitably, the formwork apparatus is adapted such that, in use, the expansion member is supported such that the wall section is substantially vertical.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus is adapted such that, in use, the expansion member is supported to be plumb.

Suitably, each support apparatus comprises a support member which is adjustable relative to the ground engaging base block to alter the position of an upper, in use, part of the support member relative to the ground engaging base block.

Suitably, each support apparatus comprises a connector member connecting the support member and the ground engaging base block.

Suitably, each support apparatus comprises a ground engaging base block, a connector member releasably connected at its lower, in use, end to the upper, in use, face of the base block and a support member releasably connected to the upper, in use, end of the connector member for supporting the expansion member.

Suitably, the connector member and support member combination is of adjustable length to permit adjustment of the height of an upper, in use, part of the support member relative to the ground in use. Suitably, in use, the adjustable length of the connector member and support member combination facilitates adjustment of the level of a concrete slab.

Suitably, the connection of the connector member to the upper, in use, face of the ground engaging base block is a push-fit connection.

Suitably, the ground engaging base block is rectangular in shape.

Suitably, the ground engaging base block has a bore in the upper face and a bore in the side face and at least the lower end of the connector member is a push-fit in either one of the bores to form the releasable connection.

Suitably, the releasable connection between the connector member and the support member is a screw-threaded connection to enable the length of the combination to be adjusted.

Suitably, the connector member connects to the ground engaging base block such that there is no rotation relative thereto.

Suitably, the bores in the base block and the connector member are shaped to prevent rotation of the connector member relative to the base block.

Suitably, the ground engaging base block comprises concrete.

Suitably, the support member comprises a leg and an arm connected to a thereto. Suitably, the support member comprises a leg adapted to extend substantially vertically in use. Suitably the support member comprises an arm adapted to extend substantially horizontally in use.

Suitably, the support member comprises an arm connected to a first end of the leg and the opposed second end of the leg is threaded and adapted to connect to the connector member.

Suitably the support member comprises an engagement part for engaging with an engagement part of the expansion member. Suitably, the engagement part of the support member comprises a finger. Suitably, the engagement part of the support member comprises a finger located at a first end of the arm. Suitably, the finger is adapted to engage with a channel of the expansion member.

Suitably, the support member is adjustable relative to the ground engaging base block to alter the height of the engagement part of the support member relative to the ground engaging base block.

Suitably, the support member comprises a coupling part for connecting with a plumb bar in use. Suitably the coupling part comprises an aperture in a second end of the arm.

Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises apertures adapted to receive dowel bars.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises apertures adapted to receive dowel bars. Suitably, the deformable member comprises apertures adapted to receive dowel bars.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises a plurality of dowel bars.

Suitably, one or more of the dowel bars comprises a releasably connectable bar section. Suitably, each dowel bar comprises a releasably connectable bar section.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises a plurality of dowel bar apparatuses. Suitably, each dowel bar apparatus comprises a releasably connectable bar section.

Suitably the bar sections have a diameter of between 10mm and 50mm, suitably between 15mm and 20mm. Suitably, the bar sections have a length of between 200mm and 500mm, suitably between 250mm and 350mm.

Suitably, one or more of the dowel bar apparatuses comprises first and second bar sections releasably connected to one another by a connector. Suitably, each dowel bar apparatus comprises first and second bar sections releasably connectable to one another by a connector.

Suitably, the connector comprises a threaded bore. Suitably, each of the first and second dowel bar sections comprises a threaded first end adapted to engage the connector. Suitably, each of the first and second dowel bar sections comprises a non-threaded second end.

Suitably, one or more of the dowel bar apparatuses further comprises an end member, suitably a bolt, for engaging with the connector in place of one of the first and second bar sections at a stage of a construction process. Suitably, each dowel bar apparatus further comprises a bolt for engaging with the connector in place of one of the first and second bar sections at a stage of a construction process. Suitably, the bolt comprises a threaded first end and a head at second end.

Suitably, one or more of the dowel bar apparatuses further comprises a washer for locating between the bolt head and the expansion member in use. Suitably, each dowel bar apparatus further comprises a washer for locating between the bolt head and the expansion member in 25 use.

Suitably, one of the dowel bar sections of each dowel bar apparatus comprises a cover or coating to allow movement of a concrete slab relative thereto in use. Suitably, each dowel bar apparatus comprises a plastic sheath for one of the dowel bar sections.

Suitably, the dowel bar apparatuses are adjustable between a first and second configuration. Suitably, the dowel bar apparatuses each comprise a first dowel bar section, a connector, a second dowel bar section and an end member. Suitably, the dowel bar apparatuses each further comprise a washer. Suitably, the dowel bar apparatuses each further comprise a sheath for the second dowel bar section.

Suitably, the connector is releasably connectable to each of the first dowel bar section, second dowel bar section and an end member. Suitably, the end member comprises a bolt.

Suitably, in a first configuration the end member, suitably a bolt, is connected to the first bar section by a connector and the second bar section is not in use. Suitably, in a second configuration the second bar section is connected to the first bar section by a connector and the end member, which is suitably a bolt, is not in use.

Suitably, in use, the apparatuses are adapted to be placed in a first configuration before a first concrete slab is formed and to be changed to a second configuration after the first concrete slab is formed and before a second concrete slab is formed.

Suitably, in use, the expansion member can be supported in place with dowel bar apparatuses installed such that first dowel bar sections extend from a first side of the expansion member and with bolts in place of second dowel bar sections on the opposed second side of the expansion member. Suitably, in use, a concrete slab can be poured on said first side of the expansion member around the first dowel bar sections whilst the second dowel bar sections remain disconnected. The absence of the second dowel bar sections may provide for easier access to the working area and may reduce trip hazards. Suitably, in use, when it is desired to pour a concrete slab on a second side of the expansion member the bolts can be removed and replaced with second dowel bar sections. Suitably, in use, said second dowel bar sections are provided with plastics sheaths. Suitably, in use, a concrete slab can be poured on said second side of the expansion member around the second dowel bar sections once the second dowel bar sections are connected.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises a frame connector apparatus adapted, in use, to support a dowel bar or dowel bar section.

Suitably, the frame connector apparatus comprises a base member and a supporting member which is adjustable relative to base member to alter the position of an upper, in use, part of the supporting member relative to the base member.

Suitably, the frame connector apparatus comprises a base member comprising two parallel bars joined by one or more connecting members. Suitably, the or each connecting member comprises a stud connector. Suitably, the or each connecting member comprises a nut welded to the bars.

Suitably, the or each supporting member is releasably connected to a connecting member.

Suitably, the releasable connection between the connecting member and the supporting member is a screw-threaded connection to enable the length of the combination to be adjusted

B

Suitably, the or each supporting member comprises a leg having a threaded end adapted to connect to the connecting member.

Suitably, the or each supporting member comprises a generally U shaped head adapted to receive a dowel bar therein.

Suitably, in use, the dowel bar is supported to extend substantially level.

Suitably, the connecting member and supporting member combination is of adjustable length to permit adjustment of the height of an upper, in use, part of the supporting member relative to the ground in use. Suitably, in use, the adjustable length of the connecting member and supporting member combination facilitates connection to a dowel bar such that the dowel bar is supported to extend substantially horizontally.

Suitably, in use, a frame connector apparatus having supporting members is only used on a first side of the expansion apparatus. Suitably, in use a frame connector apparatus having supporting members is only used on the first side of the pour as once the concrete to the first side is poured and set then it will also hold the dowel bars or dowel bar apparatuses plumb on the second side.

Alternatively, a frame connector apparatus having supporting members may be used on both a first side and a second side of the expansion apparatus. Suitably, in use, if concrete slabs are to be formed on either side of the expansion apparatus in a continuous pour then frame connector apparatuses having supporting members are used on both sides of the expansion apparatus. This arrangement may allow dowel bars or dowel bar apparatuses to be supported plumb on the second side when the concrete has not set on the first side.

Suitably, in use, the formwork apparatus allows for concrete slabs to be poured on either side of the expansion apparatus in a continuous pour.

Suitably, the base member is adapted to be connected to slab steel work, suitably by one or more metal ties.

Suitably, the frame connector apparatus is adapted, in use, to connect to a plurality of dowel bars. Suitably, the frame connector apparatus comprises connecting members arranged along the length of the base member at distances which correspond to the distances between dowel bar apertures in the expansion member.

Suitably, the frame connector apparatus base member has a length of between 1 metre and 3 metres, suitably of between 1.5 metres and 2.5 metres, for example 1.8 metres. Suitably, the base member comprises a width of between 30mm and 100mm, suitably between 35 and 40mm. Suitably, the base member comprises two parallel bars spaced between 5mm and 20mm apart, suitably between 10mm and 15mm.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises a metal member. Suitably, the expansion member comprises a steel member.

Suitably the expansion member comprises a wall section which is substantially planar.

Suitably the expansion member is formed from a folded metal sheet.

Suitably, the expansion member has a length of between 1 metre and 3 metres, suitably of between 1.5 metres and 2.5 metres, for example 1.8 metres.

Suitably, the expansion member has a height of between 100mm and 300mm, suitably between 150mm and 200mm, for example 175mm.

Suitably, the expansion member has a wall thickness of between 0.2mm and 5mm, suitably between 0.5mm and 3mm, for example 1.2mm.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises a double wall thickness at a lower, in use, edge thereof. Said double wall thickness may provide greater strength and rigidity. Suitably, the double wall thickness is provided by the expansion member comprising a metal sheet which is folded back on itself. Suitably, the double wall thickness extends for a height of between 2mm and 30mm, suitably between 3mm and 20mm, for example between 3mm and 10mm, for example 5mm or 10mm.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises means for engaging with an engagement part of the support apparatus. Suitably, the expansion member comprises an engagement part. Suitably, the expansion member comprises a channel at the upper, in use, edge thereof. Said channel may provide the engagement part. Suitably, the channel is provided by the expansion member comprising a metal sheet which is folded to form the channel. Suitably, the channel has a height of between 10mm and 40mm, suitably between 25mm and 35mm, for example 20mm. Suitably, the channel has a width of between 5 mm and 40mm, suitably between 5mm and 20mm, for example between 5mm and 15mm, for example 10mm.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises a plurality of dowel bar apertures for receiving dowel bars, dowel bar apparatuses or parts thereof. Suitably, the expansion member comprises dowel bar apertures at regular centres, suitably at spacing of between 100mm and 500mm, for example 300mm. Suitably, the dowel bar apertures have a diameter of between 10mm and 50mm, suitably between 15mm and 20mm. Suitably, the dowel bar apertures are located in the mid height region of the expansion member.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises fixing members for connection to plumb bars. Suitably, the fixing members comprise fold out parts of the expansion member wall. Suitably, each fixing member comprises an aperture by which it can be bolted or steel fixed to a plumb bar. Suitably, in use plumb bars are connected to the expansion member and to a slab steelwork and are suitably positioned to hold the expansion member plumb.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises a first row of fixing members towards the upper in use edge thereof. Suitably, the fixing members are spaced at regular points, suitably at a spacing of between 200mm and 500mm, for example 300mm. Suitably the first row of fixing members are located between 20mm and 100mm from the upper edge of the expansion member, suitably between 30mm and 70mm.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises a second row of fixing members towards the lower in use edge thereof Suitably, the fixing members are spaced at regular points, suitably at a spacing of between 200mm and 500mm, for example 300mm. Suitably the second row of fixing members are located between 20mm and 100mm from the lower edge of the expansion member, suitably between 30mm and 70mm.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises a plurality of expansion apparatuses. Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises a plurality of expansion members.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises a joining member, suitably a metal plate, to join an expansion member to an adjacent expansion member in use. Suitably, the expansion members comprise apertures for screws or bolts to allow connection to a joining member which also comprises apertures for screws or bolts.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises one or more plumb bars. Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises a plurality of plumb bars.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises plumb bars having an apertured plate at a first end thereof. Suitably, the plum bars are elongate. Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises plumb bars having an apertured plate welded to a first end thereof Suitably, the plumb bars are adapted to conned, in use, to the expansion member and/or to the support apparatus. Suitably, a first end of a plumb bar is adapted to connect, in use, to the expansion member or to the support apparatus and the second end is adapted to be connected to slab steel work, suitably by a metal tie.

Suitably, the plumb bars have a length of between 300mm and 1000mm, suitably between 600mm and 800mm.

Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises a deformable material mounted to the wall of the expansion member. Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises a resiliently deformable material mounted to the wall of the expansion member.

Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises a sheet of deformable material mounted to the wall of the expansion member. Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises a sheet of resiliently deformable material mounted to the wall of the expansion member.

Suitably the formwork apparatus comprises a deformable member, suitably a foam member, mounted to the wall of the expansion member.

Suitably, the foam member comprises a sheet covering the majority of a second side of the expansion member. Suitably, the foam sheet extends to across the surface of the second side of the expansion member to a height which corresponds to the lower, in use part of a channel formed on the opposed first side of the expansion member.

Suitably, the expansion apparatus comprises an expansion member cap.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises a resiliently deformable material.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises a plastics or rubber material. Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer).

Suitably the expansion member cap is adapted to locate over the upper edge of the expansion member in use.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises an elongate member.

Suitably, the expansion member cap is adapted to locate over the channel section of the expansion member in use.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises a channel adapted to locate over the channel section of the expansion member in use.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises a channel adapted to locate over the channel section of the expansion member in use and having a lip at its mouth such that the width of the channel opening is narrower at the mouth than deeper in the channel.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises one or more fins or ribs on each of the opposed first and second sides thereof. Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises an upper, in use, part which is free of fins or ribs on each of the of the opposed first and second sides thereof. Suitably, the lower, in use part of the expansion member cap comprises fins on each of the opposed first and second sides thereof. Suitably, the fins have a generally key hole shaped cross section.

Suitably, in use, the fins are surrounded by and embedded within the concrete slabs formed either side of the expansion member. Suitably, in use, concrete slabs are formed to the level of the upper, in use, edge of the expansion member cap.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises one or more cavities Suitably, the cavities may allow for expansion and contraction in use.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises a cavity in the part adapted, in use, to sit above a foam member mounted to the expansion member. Suitably, said cavity comprises an elongate cavity having rectangular cross section.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises a cavity in the part adapted, in use, to sit above the channel section of the expansion member. Suitably, said cavity comprises an elongate cavity having round cross section.

Suitably, the upper edge of the expansion member cap has a width of between 20mm and 50mm, suitably between 30mm and 35mm.

Suitably, the expansion member cap has a height of between 20mm and 60mm, suitably 35 between 30mm and 35mm.

Suitably, the expansion member cap is adapted such that, in use, the upper edge lies between 5mm and 30mm above the upper edge of the expansion member, suitably between lOmm and 25mm, for example between 15mm and 20mm.

Suitably, the expansion member cap is adapted to accommodate expansion and contraction of concrete slabs adjacent thereto in use. Suitably, the expansion apparatus is adapted to accommodate expansion and contraction of concrete slabs adjacent thereto in use.

According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a support apparatus comprising a ground engaging base block and a support member adapted, in use, to support an expansion apparatus in position.

Suitably, the support apparatus comprises a support member which is adjustable relative to the ground engaging base block to alter the position of an upper, in use, part of the support member relative to the ground engaging base block.

Suitably, the support apparatus comprises a connector member connecting the support member and the ground engaging base block.

Suitably the support member comprises an engagement part for engaging with an engagement part of an expansion member of an expansion apparatus in use. Suitably, the engagement part of the support member comprise a finger. Suitably, the engagement part of the support member comprise a finger located at a first end of the arm. Suitably, the finger is adapted to engage with a channel of an expansion member of an expansion apparatus in use.

The support apparatus may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect. Suitably, the support apparatus comprises a support apparatus for the formwork apparatus of the first aspect.

According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a dowel bar apparatus comprising first and second releasably connectable bar sections.

Suitably, the dowel bar apparatus comprises first and second bar sections and a connector for releasably connecting said first and second bar sections.

Suitably, the second dowel bar section of the dowel bar apparatus comprises a cover or coating to allow movement of a concrete slab relative thereto in use.

Suitably, the dowel bar apparatus is adjustable between a first and second configuration. Suitably, the dowel bar apparatus comprises a first dowel bar section, a connector, a second dowel bar section and an end member.

Suitably, the connector is releasably connectable to each of the first dowel bar section, second dowel bar section and an end member. Suitably, the end member comprises a bolt. Suitably, the dowel bar apparatuses further comprises a washer. Suitably, the dowel bar apparatuses further comprises a sheath for a dowel bar section.

Suitably, in use, the dowel bar apparatus is adapted to be placed in a first configuration before a first concrete slab is formed and to be changed to a second configuration after the first concrete slab is formed and before a second concrete slab is formed.

The dowel bar apparatus may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect.

Suitably, the dowel bar apparatus comprises a dowel bar apparatus for the formwork apparatus of the first aspect.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a frame connector apparatus adapted, in use, to connect to a dowel bar or dowel bar section of a formwork apparatus and which comprises a base member and a supporting member which is adjustable relative to base member to alter the position of an upper, in use, part of the supporting member relative to the base member.

Suitably the frame connector apparatus comprises a plurality of supporting members and corresponding connecting members.

Suitably, the releasable connection between the connecting member and the supporting member is a screw-threaded connection to enable the length of the combination to be adjusted Suitably, the supporting member comprises a leg having a threaded end adapted to connect to the connecting member.

Suitably, supporting member comprises a generally U shaped head adapted to receive a dowel bar therein.

Suitably, the base member is adapted to be connected to slab steel work in use, suitably by one or more metal ties.

Suitably, the frame connector apparatus is adapted, in use, to connect to a plurality of dowel bars. Suitably, the connector apparatus comprises connecting members arranged along the length of the base member.

The frame connector apparatus may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect. Suitably, the frame connector apparatus comprises a frame connector apparatus for the formwork apparatus of the first aspect.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided an expansion apparatus comprising an expansion member which has a deformable member mounted thereto.

Suitably, the expansion member is substantially rigid. Suitably, the expansion member comprises metal. Suitably, the expansion member is elongate.

Suitably, the deformable member is resiliently deformable. Suitably, the deformable member comprises foam. Suitably, the deformable member is elongate.

Suitably the expansion member is formed from a folded metal sheet.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises a double wall thickness at a lower, in use, edge thereof Said double wall thickness may provide greater strength and rigidity.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises means for engaging with an engagement part of a support apparatus in use. Suitably, the expansion member comprises a channel at the upper, in use, edge thereof Said channel may provide the engagement means.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises a plurality of dowel bar apertures for receiving dowel bars, dowel bar apparatuses or parts thereof in use.

Suitably, the expansion member comprises fixing members for connecting with plumb bars in use. Suitably, the fixing members comprise fold out parts of the expansion member wall. Suitably, each fixing member comprises an aperture by which it can be bolted to a plumb bar in use. Suitably, the expansion member comprises a first row of fixing members towards the upper in use edge thereof Suitably, the expansion member comprises a second row of fixing members towards the lower in use edge thereof The expansion member may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect. Suitably, the expansion member comprises an expansion member for the formwork apparatus of the first aspect.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a plumb bar comprising a bar having an apertured plate at a first end thereof adapted to connect, in use, to an expansion member or support apparatus of a formwork apparatus.

The plumb bar may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect. Suitably, the plumb bar comprises a plumb bar for the formwork apparatus of the first aspect.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a expansion member cap comprising a resiliently deformable material and which is adapted to locate over the upper edge of an expansion member of an expansion apparatus of a formwork apparatus in use.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises a plastics or rubber material.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer).

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises an elongate member.

The expansion member cap may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect. Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises an expansion member cap for the formwork apparatus of the first aspect.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention there is provided a formwork apparatus adapted, in use, to allow for expansion of concrete slabs, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises: an expansion apparatus; a dowel bar apparatus; and wherein the dowel bar apparatus comprises first and second releasably connectable bar sections.

Suitably, the formwork apparatus comprises at least two dowel bar apparatuses, more suitably three or more.

Suitably, there is provided a formwork apparatus adapted, in use, to allow for expansion of concrete slabs, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises: an expansion apparatus; a plurality of dowel bar apparatuses; and wherein each dowel bar apparatus comprises first and second releasably connectable bar sections.

Suitably, the dowel bar apparatuses each comprise first and second bar sections and a connector for releasably connecting said first and second bar sections.

Suitably, each dowel bar apparatus is adjustable between a first and second configuration. Suitably, each dowel bar apparatus comprises a first dowel bar section, a connector, a second dowel bar section and an end member. Suitably the end member is a bolt. Suitably, each dowel bar apparatus further comprises a washer.

Suitably, in use, each dowel bar apparatus is adapted to be placed in a first configuration before a first concrete slab is formed and to be changed to a second configuration after the first concrete slab is formed and before a second concrete slab is formed.

Suitably the dowel bar apparatuses comprise apparatus according to the third aspect. The dowel bar apparatuses may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect.

The expansion apparatus may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect.

The framework apparatus may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect and/or the ninth aspect.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention there is provided a formwork apparatus adapted, in use, to allow for expansion of concrete slabs, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises an expansion apparatus comprising an expansion member and an expansion member cap.

Suitably, the expansion member cap member cap comprises a resiliently deformable material and is adapted to locate over the upper edge of the expansion member in use.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises a plastics or rubber material.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises an elongate member.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises a channel adapted to locate over a channel section of the expansion member in use.

Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises one or more fins or ribs on each of the opposed first and second sides thereof. Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises an upper, in use, part which is free of fins or ribs on each of the of the opposed first and second sides thereof Suitably, the lower, in use part of the expansion member cap comprises fins on each of the opposed first and second sides thereof. Suitably, the fins have a generally key hole shaped cross section Suitably, the expansion member cap comprises one or more cavities. Suitably, the cavities may allow for expansion and contraction in use.

Suitably the expansion member cap comprises a cap according to the seventh aspect The expansion member cap may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect.

The expansion member may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect.

The framework apparatus may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect and/or the eighth aspect.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of construction comprising using an apparatus according to the first to sixth aspects, an expansion member cap according to the seventh aspect and/or an apparatus according to the eighth or ninth aspects.

Suitably, the method uses an apparatus according to the first or the eighth or ninth aspects.

The method may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth or ninth aspect. The method may comprise any feature as described in relation to the eleventh aspect.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of construction comprising locating support apparatuses above the ground and positioning an expansion apparatus such that it is supported by said support apparatuses and pouring first and second concrete slabs such that the expansion apparatus interposes the concrete slabs.

Suitably, the method comprises pouring concrete on either side of the expansion apparatus in a continuous pour. Alternatively, the method may comprise pouring concrete on a first side of the expansion apparatus in a first pour and then pouring concrete on a second side of the expansion apparatus in a second pour.

Suitably, the method comprises installing a formwork apparatus comprising one or more expansion apparatuses and a plurality of support apparatuses.

Suitably, the method comprises locating support apparatuses on the ground. Suitably, the method comprises locating support apparatus on a membrane laid over the ground.

Suitably, the method comprises supporting the expansion apparatus in position without the need to insert supports into the ground. Suitably, the method comprises supporting a expansion apparatus over a membrane without puncturing the membrane.

Suitably, the method comprises providing a finished expansion between the first and second concrete slabs. Suitably, the method comprises forming concrete slabs adjacent an expansion apparatus which comprises an expansion member cap and which cap provides a finished level at the expansion. Suitably, the method does not require the use of mastic at the expansion.

Suitably, the method comprises positioning support apparatuses and adjusting the height of the support members thereof to determine a height at which the expansion apparatus will be supported. Suitably, the method comprises adjusting the support members such that an upper edge of an expansion member of the expansion apparatus extends substantially horizontally.

Suitably, the method comprises joining two or more expansion apparatuses.

Suitably, the method comprises locating dowel bars to extend from through apertures in the expansion apparatus and into each of the concrete slabs. Suitably, the method comprises locating dowel bar apparatuses to extend into each of the concrete slabs.

Suitably, the method comprises locating dowel bar apparatuses such that a first bar section extends into the area for the first concrete slab on a first side of an expansion member of the expansion apparatus and such that a bolt and washer are located on the second side of the expansion member clamping the first bar section in position.

Suitably, the method comprises pouring a first concrete slab whilst the dowel bar apparatuses are each in a first configuration having a bolt connected to a first bar section by a connector.

Suitably, once the first concrete slab is formed the method comprises changing the dowel bar apparatuses to a second configuration by disconnecting the bolt and washers and replacing with second dowel bar sections. Suitably, the method comprises covering the second dowel bar sections with plastics sheaths.

Suitably, the method comprises pouring a second concrete slab whilst the dowel bar apparatuses are each in a second configuration.

Suitably, the method comprises laying metal work, suitably steelwork, to be surrounded by concrete in the slabs.

Suitably, the method comprises laying metal work for the second concrete slab after the first slab has been formed. Suitably, the method comprises laying metal work for the second concrete slab while the dowel bar apparatuses are in a first configuration. Suitably, the second bar sections do not need to be put into place until it is required to do steel work for the second slab which may reduce a serious trip hazard problem.

The method may alternatively comprise a continuous pour of first and second concrete slabs. The method may therefore comprise preparing steel work for the second slab at the same time as for the first. The method may also comprise placing the dowel bar apparatuses in a second configuration prior to pouring the first concrete slab since the second will be poured immediately after in a continuous pour.

The method may use a formwork apparatus which allows for a continuous pour in which a second slab can be produced at the same time as a first because the need for the first slab to cure prior to starting this work is not necessary.

Suitably, the method comprises connecting the expansion apparatus to the steel work for the first concrete slab.

Suitably, the method comprises positioning the expansion apparatus on the support apparatus and connecting it to the steel work for the first concrete slab such that it is held plumb.

Suitably, the method comprises forming a connection between the expansion apparatus and the steel work via the support apparatuses. Suitably, the method comprises forming a connection between the expansion apparatus and the steel work via plumb bars connected to the support apparatuses. Suitably, the method comprises connecting plumb bars which are connected to the support apparatuses to the steel work.

Suitably, the method comprises forming a connection between the expansion apparatus and the steel work via plumb bars connected to the expansion apparatus. Suitably, the method comprises connecting plumb bars which are connected to the expansion apparatus fixing members to the steel work. Suitably, the method only comprises connecting plumb bars on a first side of the expansion apparatus.

Suitably, the method comprises positioning the expansion apparatus to be plumb. Suitably, the method comprises positioning the plumb bars to be levelled. Suitably, the method comprises connecting plumb bars to the expansion apparatus to hold the expansion apparatus plumb.

Suitably, the method comprises forming a connection between the expansion apparatus and the steel work via the dowel bar apparatuses. Suitably, the method comprises positioning a frame connector apparatus within the steel work for the first concrete slab and connecting it to the steel work. Suitably, the method comprises connecting dowel bar apparatuses to the frame connector apparatus.

Suitably, the method comprises positioning an expansion member cap over an expansion member of the expansion apparatus before the first concrete slab is poured. Suitably, the method comprises positioning the expansion apparatus such that the upper edge of the expansion member cap lays level with the concrete slab surfaces once formed. Suitably, the support apparatus can be adjusted with great accuracy, suitably with millimetre accuracy.

Suitably, the method uses a formwork apparatus according to the first aspect. The method may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first aspect.

Suitably, the method uses a formwork apparatus according to the eighth aspect. Suitably, the method uses a formwork apparatus according to the ninth aspect.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention there is provided a concrete slab structure comprising an apparatus according to the first to sixth aspects, an expansion member cap according to the seventh aspect and/or an apparatus according to the eighth or ninth aspects and/or formed by the method of the tenth or eleventh aspect.

Suitably, the structure comprises a formwork apparatus according to the first, eighth or ninth aspects. Suitably, the structure is formed by the method of the eleventh aspect.

Suitably, the structure comprises an expansion apparatus interposing two concrete slabs.

The structure may comprise any feature as described in relation to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth or ninth aspects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The present invention will now be illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is perspective view of a formwork apparatus; Figure 2 is a close up perspective view of a part of the formwork apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an alternative perspective view of the formwork apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a perspective view of an expansion member; Figure 5 is a perspective view of a support member of a support apparatus; Figure 6 is a perspective view of an expansion member cap; and Figure 7 is a perspective view of a frame connector apparatus.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Figures 1 to 3 illustrate an embodiment of a formwork apparatus and Figures 4 to 7 illustrate components in more detail. In use the formwork apparatus is adapted to provide a method of forming concrete slabs with an expansion apparatus interposing them.

As illustrated a formwork apparatus 100 comprises an expansion apparatus 200 and support apparatuses 300. The formwork apparatus 100 further comprises dowel bar apparatuses 400 and frame connector apparatus 500 and plumb bars 600 as well as an expansion member cap 700 The expansion apparatus 200 comprises an expansion member 210 which is a folded steel sheet. A deformable member 220 which is a foam sheet is glued to the expansion member 210.

As best illustrated by Figure 4, the expansion member 210 has a wall 211 having a first side 211a and a second side 211b. The sheet is folded to form a double wall thickness section 212 of 5mm height at the lower, in use, edge. At the upper, in use, edge the sheet is folded to form a channel 213 having a height of 20mm and a width of 10mm. The channel 213 provides an engagement part of the expansion member for engaging with an engagement part of the support apparatus 300.

The expansion member 210 further comprises dowel bar apertures 214 for receiving the dowel bar apparatuses 400 and fixing members 215 for connection to plumb bars 600. The fixing members 215 comprise fold out parts of the wall 211. Each fixing member 215 has an aperture by which it can be bolted to a plumb bar 600.

In the illustrated embodiment the expansion member 210 has a length of 1.8 metres and a height of 175mm. The dowel bar apertures 214 have centres at the mid height with a spacing of 300mm. The fixing members 214 are arranged in two rows centred 50mm from the upper and lower edges of the expansion member 210 respectively with a spacing of 300mm.

The expansion member 210 further comprises apertures 216 at either end (one end shown) to allow connection to a joining member (not shown) comprising a steel plate such that the expansion member 210 can be joined to an adjacent like expansion member (not shown).

The support apparatuses 300 comprise a ground engaging base block 310 and a support member 320 connected by a connector member 330. The ground engaging base block 310 comprises a concrete block which can be orientated in different directions with the connector member 330 connected thereto to extend upwardly (only one connection position illustrated) so as to adjust the height of the connector member above the ground. The height of the support member 320 relative to the ground can also be adjusted by rotating the support member 320 relative to the connector member 330 and, in use, that is the means by which the height for the expansion apparatus and thus concrete slab level may be accurately set.

As best illustrated by Figure 5 the support member 320 comprises a leg 321 with an arm 322 connected to a first end 321a of the leg 321. An opposed second end 321b of the leg is threaded and connects to the connector member 330. The support member 320 comprises a finger 323 located at a first end 322a of the arm 322. The finger 323 provides an engagement part for engaging with the channel 213 of the expansion member. The opposed second end 322b of the arm 322 comprises a coupling part having an aperture 324 by which it can be bolted to a plumb bar 600.

The dowel bar apparatuses 400 comprise a first dowel bar section 410 and a second dowel bar section 420 which can be releasably connected to one another by a connector 430.

The dowel bar apparatuses 400 are convertible between first and second configurations. The first configuration is intended to be used before and during the pouring of the first concrete slab and the second configuration is intended to be used during the pouring of the second concrete slab. Figure 3 illustrates both (though note neither slab has been poured).

The dowel bar apparatuses further comprise an end member, which is a bolt 440, and a washer 450 which are connected to the connector 430 in place of a second dowel bar 420 when a dowel bar apparatus is in the first configuration 400A. The bolt 440 and washer 450 clamp against the expansion apparatus 200 to hold the first dowel bar section 420 in position relative to the expansion apparatus 200.

In use, once a first concrete slab is formed around the first dowel bar sections 410 the washer 450 and bolt 440 may be removed and the dowel bar apparatuses placed in the second configuration 400B by connecting the second dowel bar sections 420 to the connector 430.

The second dowel bar sections 420 are provided with plastics sheaths 460 to allow movement of a second concrete slab relative thereto once formed.

In the illustrated embodiment the dowel bar sections 410, 420 each have a diameter of 16mm and a length of 300mm.

The frame connector apparatus 500 comprises a base member 510 comprising two parallel bars 511, 512 joined by connecting members 513 which are nuts welded between the bars 511, 512. The frame connector apparatus further comprises supporting members 514 which screw into the connecting members 513 The supporting members 514 each have a leg which is threaded at one end for screwing into a connecting member 513 and which has a U shaped head 515 for receiving a dowel bar section. In use, the height of the heads 515 of the supporting members can be adjusted relative to the base member 510 and the ground so as to support the dowel bar sections 410 to extend substantially horizontally from the expansion apparatus 200.

In the illustrated embodiment the bars 511, 512 are spaced apart by 12mm and the base member 510 has a width of 38mm and a length of 1.8 metres with connecting members every 300rnm to correspond to the spacing of the dowel bar apertures 214 in the expansion member 200.

The plumb bars 600 comprise an apertured plate 610 and a bar 620. In use, the apertured plates 610 are bolted to either a fixing member 215 of the expansion member 210 or to an aperture 324 of a coupling part of a support member 320. In the illustrated embodiment the plumb bars 600 have a length of 700mm The expansion member cap 700 comprises EPDM. It has a body 710 defining a channel 720 for locating over than channel part of the expansion member 200 and further defining cavities 730, 740. The round cross-section cavity 730 is located to be positioned above the channel 213 of the expansion member 210 and the rectangular cross-section cavity 740 is located to be positioned over the deformable foam member 220.

The expansion member cap comprises fins 750 on each of the opposed first 710a and second 710b sides of the body 710. In the illustrated embodiment three fins are provided on either side. In an alternative embodiment (not illustrated) two fins are provided on either side with the upper fin on each side as illustrated in Figure 6 being omitted.

The upper face 760 has a width of 36mm in the illustrated embodiment of Figure 4 and the body 710 has a height of 36mm and is adapted, in use, to extend 17mm above the upped edge of the expansion member 210.

In use of the framework apparatus illustrated by Figures 1 to 7, a user can begin by setting out to mark a desired level for concrete slab surfaces at the intended location of a slab expansion, for example using a string line. Support apparatus 300 ground engaging base blocks 310 are then arranged at the intended location of the expansion and held in position by bars of the steel framework for a first concrete slab. The connector members 320 and support members 330 are then located in place and adjusted to set the desired height for the upper edge of the expansion apparatus 200.

The expansion apparatus 200 is then positioned relative to the support apparatus 300 such that the fingers 323 of the support members 320 locate into the channel 213 of the expansion member 210 such that the expansion apparatus is supported in position by the support apparatus 300.

The expansion apparatus 200 has dowel bar apparatuses connected thereto in a first configuration, with bolts 440 and washers 450 in place of second dowel bar sections such that only first dowel bar sections 410 extend from the expansion apparatus and so there are only bars extending on a first side of the expansion member 210 meaning there are no trip hazards presented on the second side.

Whilst the expansion apparatus 200 is supported in position by the support apparatus 300 which maintains the upper edge of the expansion apparatus at the desired position the expansion member 210 and support apparatus 300 and dowel bars 400 are then connected to the steel framework for the first concrete slab using frame connector apparatus 500 and plumb bars 600.

Frame connector apparatus 500 is located within and connected to the steel framework for the first concrete slab and supporting members 514 are adjusted such that their heads are at the correct height to hold first dowel bar sections 410 horizontal.

Plumb bars 600 are connected to the fixing members of the expansion member 210, which have been folded out from the wall 211 and are connected to the framework for the first concrete slab.

Plumb bars are also connected to the aperture 324 of the coupling part of the support members 320 and are connected to the framework for the first concrete slab.

The connections are formed such that the expansion member 210 is fixed in position such that it lies plumb with the expansion apparatus upper edge supported in the desired position set by the support apparatus.

The expansion member cap 700 is located in position with its channel 720 slotting over the upper edge of the expansion member 210 with the cavity 740 toward the second side 211b of the expansion member 210 such that said cavity 740 sits above the deformable foam member 220.

The first concrete slab is then poured.

Once the first concrete slab has been formed the steel framework for the second concrete slab can then be put in place and the dowel bar apparatuses 400 can be changed to a second configuration by disconnecting the bolts 440 and washers 450 and replacing with second dowel bar sections 420. The second dowel bar sections 420 are covered with plastics sheaths 460.

The second concrete slab is then poured.

As the expansion member cap is in position when both slabs are formed it provides a finished level at the expansion between the slabs and so there is no need to use mastic to seal the expansion which can be time consuming and expensive.

It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention may provide for construction of concrete slabs in a reliable, time efficient and/or cost effective way.

Attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.

All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.

Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A formwork apparatus adapted, in use, to allow for expansion of concrete slabs, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises: an expansion apparatus; and a support apparatus; and wherein the support apparatus comprises a ground engaging base block and a support member and is adapted, in use, to support the expansion apparatus in position 2. A formwork apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises a plurality of support apparatuses and wherein each support apparatus comprises a ground engaging base block and a support member and is adapted, in use, to support the expansion apparatus in position.3. A formwork apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the or each support member comprises an engagement part for engaging with an engagement part of the expansion member and wherein the support member is adjustable relative to the ground engaging base block to alter the height of the engagement part of the support member relative to the ground engaging base block.4. A formwork apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the expansion apparatus comprises an expansion member and a deformable member.5. A formwork apparatus according to 4, wherein the expansion member comprises steel and the deformable member comprises foam.6. A formwork apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein, the expansion member comprises an engagement part for engaging with an engagement part of the support apparatus 7. A formwork apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the expansion member comprises a channel at the upper, in use, edge thereof which provides the engagement part.8. A formwork apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the expansion member comprises a plurality of dowel bar apertures for receiving dowel bars, dowel bar apparatuses or parts thereof.9. A formwork apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises dowel bar apparatuses.10. A formwork apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the dowel bar apparatuses each comprise first and second bar sections releasably connectable to one another by a connector.11. A formwork apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the dowel bar apparatuses are each adjustable between a first and second configuration and each comprise a first dowel bar section, a connector, a second dowel bar section and an end member and wherein in a first configuration the end member is connected to the first bar section by a connector and the second bar section is not in use and in a second configuration the second bar section is connected to the first bar section by a connector and the end member is not in use and wherein, in use, the apparatuses are adapted to be placed in a first configuration before a first concrete slab is formed and to be changed to a second configuration after the first concrete slab is formed and before a second concrete slab is formed.12. A formwork apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises a frame connector apparatus adapted, in use, to support a dowel bar or dowel bar section and which comprises a base member and a supporting member which is adjustable relative to base member to alter the position of an upper, in use, part of the supporting member relative to the base member.13. A formwork apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises one or more plumb bars adapted to connect, in use, to the expansion apparatus and/or to a support apparatus and wherein the support apparatus comprises a coupling part for connecting with a plumb bar in use and/or wherein the expansion apparatus comprises fixing members for connecting with plumb bars in use.14. A formwork apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the expansion apparatus comprises an expansion member cap.15. A formwork apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the expansion member cap comprises a resiliently deformable material and is adapted to locate over the upper edge of an expansion member of an expansion apparatus of a formwork apparatus in use.16. A formwork apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises a plurality of expansion apparatuses each having expansion members and wherein the formwork apparatus comprises a joining member to join an expansion member to an adjacent expansion member in use.17. A method of construction comprising locating support apparatuses above the ground and positioning an expansion apparatus such that it is supported by said support apparatuses and pouring first and second concrete slabs such that the expansion apparatus interposes the concrete slabs.18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the method uses a formwork apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 16.19. A support apparatus comprising a ground engaging base block and a support member adapted, in use, to support an expansion apparatus in position.20. A dowel bar apparatus comprising first and second releasably connectable bar sections.21. A frame connector apparatus adapted, in use, to connect to a dowel bar or dowel bar section of a formwork apparatus and which comprises a base member and a supporting member which is adjustable relative to base member to alter the position of an upper, in use, part of the supporting member relative to the base member.22. An expansion apparatus comprising an expansion member which has a deformable member mounted thereto.23. An expansion member cap comprising a resiliently deformable material and which is adapted to locate over the upper edge of an expansion member of an expansion apparatus of a formwork apparatus in use.24. A formwork apparatus adapted, in use to allow for expansion of concrete slabs, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises: an expansion apparatus; a dowel bar apparatus; and wherein the dowel bar apparatus comprises first and second releasably connectable bar sections.25. A formwork apparatus adapted, in use, to allow for expansion of concrete slabs, wherein the formwork apparatus comprises an expansion apparatus comprising an expansion member and an expansion member cap.26. A method of construction comprising using an apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 16 and/or an apparatus according to any of claims 19-22 and/or an expansion member cap according to claim 23 and/or an apparatus according to claim 24 01 25.27. A method of construction according to claim 26 and/or claim 17 or 18 wherein the method comprises a continuous pour of first and second concrete slabs.28. A concrete slab structure comprising an apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 16 and/or an apparatus according to any of claims 19-22 and/or an expansion member cap according to claim 23 and/or an apparatus according to claim 24 or 25 and/or formed by the method of claims 17 or 18 or claims 26 or 27.