GB2588780A - Biocompatible electrodes for electro-chemical biosensors - Google Patents
Biocompatible electrodes for electro-chemical biosensors Download PDFInfo
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- GB2588780A GB2588780A GB1916110.8A GB201916110A GB2588780A GB 2588780 A GB2588780 A GB 2588780A GB 201916110 A GB201916110 A GB 201916110A GB 2588780 A GB2588780 A GB 2588780A
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- UBXWAYGQRZFPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Ti+4].[Mn++] UBXWAYGQRZFPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 19
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007824 enzymatic assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007974 sodium acetate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRBJSXQPQWSCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(OC)=CC(C=2C=C(OC)C(N)=CC=2)=C1 JRBJSXQPQWSCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-glucono-1,5-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NPNMHHNXCILFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[Sn]=O Chemical compound [F].[Sn]=O NPNMHHNXCILFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 ethanol Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102220015909 rs138331646 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013545 self-assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3275—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction
- G01N27/3278—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction involving nanosized elements, e.g. nanogaps or nanoparticles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3271—Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
An electrode suitable for biosensing comprises a conductive substrate and a porous biocompatible surface. The surface material comprises nanoparticles of titanium dioxide manganese (TiO2 Mn) forming a nanocrystalline layer, applied as a paste. The electrodes can readily adsorb on their surface biomolecules that act as recognition agents for a variety of analytes within an electrochemical three-electrode system. The biomolecules are not denatured and remain active, while the working electrode can operate in the absence of additional electron mediators in the analyte solution.
Description
DESCRIPTION
FIELD OF TIIE INVENTION
The present invention relates to electrodes for use in electrochemical biosensors and methods of making the electrodes. They are particularly useful as working electrodes when the recognition biomolecules need to be adsorbed directly on the electrode surface without being denatured, remaining active. The electrodes of the invention can operate in the absence of additional mediators in the analyte solution.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electrochemical biosensors provide an attractive means to detect specific analytes in solution by providing an electronic signal that is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The most common electrochemical set up used in biosensing is the three-electrode set-up comprising of a working electrode (WE), a counter electrode (CE) and a reference electrode (RE). In particular, the reaction of interest takes place on the working electrode (WE), while the counter electrode (CE) is used to close the current circuit. The reference electrode (RE) is an electrode with a stable and well-known potential and is used as a point of reference in the electrochemical cell for potential control during measurements. The operating principle of such a three-electrode system can be seen in Figure 1.
oj The signal transduction and the general performance of an electrochemical biosensor is often determined by the surface architecture and properties of the working electrode Enzymatic sensors have been around the longest in the field of hiosensing. Until recently commercial biosensors placed the enzyme in the analyte solution along with electron mediators to facilitate electron transport LCD between the enzymatic active site and the working electrode to enhance the electronic signal. For example waier-soluble poly(o-)ylylviologen dihronnde) and polyip-xylylviologen dibromicle) can efficiently mediate electron transfer from reduced glucose oxidase (GOD) to the working electrode within a three electrode glucose bioseuE;ing system (Heller etal., 2008). Nevertheless, during recent years, it is desirable that the recognition biomolecules are in direct contact with the working electrode, rather than in the analyte solution, in order to further enhance the electrical signal and reduce noise, while working in the absence of expensive electron mediators. In particular, as stated by the Marcus theory, electron transfer can decay exponentially with increasing distance (Bard et al, 2001).
In such applications where biomolecules are immobilized on an electrode surface, bioactivity, stability and quantity of biological recognition elements on the working electrode plays an important role. In general, the direct adsorption of biomolecules on naked surfaces of materials may frequently result in the denaturation and loss of bioactivity. Thus, it is required that electrodes are surface modified to avoid biomolecules denaturing as well as providing anchoring sites for biomolecule attachment (Karunakaran et al, 2015). Various methods have been employed for biomolecule immobilization on electrode surfaces and can be classified into two broad categories: irreversible (covalent, cross-linking, entrapement-beads or fibers) and reversible methods (adsorption, bioaffinity, chelation) (Liebana et al, 2016).
Usually, metallic electrodes and in particular Au or carbon materials have been used as electrode materials. In the case of Au self-assembled monolayers are employed on the electrode surface based on the attachment of thiol (SH) or disulfide (-S-S-) functional groups before hiomolecules can he covalently attached. This is both to protect biomolecules from denaturing, while also providing anchoring sites. In other applications, carbon-based working electrodes have been used, such as graphite, graphene or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to provide surfaces for the direct adsorption of biomolecules on a biocompatible surface. However, the hydrophobicity of graphite/graphene makes it incompatible with aqueous electrolyte solutions, leading to significant impediment to the effective adsorption of biomolecules and ultimately to the electron transfer process. For this purpose, it often needs to be modified for application in electrochemical sensors (Akkarachanchainon et al, 2017).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The electrodes of the present invention are comprised of a conductive substrate and a biocompatible surface based on a nanocrystalline Ti02:Mn paste that is screen printed and immobilized via thermal annealing. This results in electrodes with a porous surface where biomolecules can be directly adsorbed without being denatured and thus retaining their activity. The substrate can be any conductive substrate for example FTO or ITO coated glass, conductive paper or a conductive polymer. The nanocrystalline Ti02:Mn porous paste used comprises from about 1-10% by weight of Ti02:Mn nanoparticles, with an average primary particle size not exceeding 100nm and where the titania is primarily in the rutile phase and the manganese ions are in the 3' state. The amount of Mn doping ranges between 0.1 to 1 %. The Ti02:Mn particles may have an organic coating, without restricted to a complete covering. For example, they may be coated with one or more organic materials such as polyols, amines, alkanolamines, polymeric organic silicon compounds, hydrophilic polymers or surfactants.
In order to prepare the paste. Ti02:Mn nanoparticles are placed in a mortar, where AcOH is added as well as organic solvents that maybe selected from lower alcohols and polyols such as ethanol, C\I isopropanol, propylene glygol, glycerine and sorbitol, before the solution is sonicated and surfactants such as Terpineol, along with ethylcellulose are added under magnetic stirring. The final mixture o consists of 1-10% by weight of Ti02:Mn nanoparticles as described above and AcOH at less than 0.5% by weight, surfactants at 5-30% by weight and 1-20% by weight ethylcellulose. The organic 1.0 solvents make up to 50-70% by weight of the mixture. The mixture is then placed in a rotary evaporator and heated until a viscous paste is formed.
The electrodes according to the present invention may find application in a variety of electrochemical biosensors, such as enzymatic, immunosensors or DNA sensors as well as any application that would require such a conductive biosensing platform that preserves biomolecule activity.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT:
The example which follows further illustrates the present invention:
EXAMPLE
The nanocrystalline Ti:M n paste was prepared using Manganese doped titani a nanoparticles of the type described by Knowland et al in US 6869596 and US 8642019. It was then doctor-bladed on 6cm2 commercial fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass with thickness 3ium and surface resistivity of -8 Q/sq purchased from Sigma Aldrich Immobilization is achieved via annealing at a temperature of 500°C for 15 minutes to prepare the working electrode (WE). In Figure 2, scanning electron microscopy shows the mesoporous surface of the electrode, while Figure 3 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the nanocrystalline Ti02:Mn preparation revealing that it is predominantly in the rutile phase. The thickness of the TiO2 paste as immobilized on the FTO glass was lOttm.
Subsequently 5mg/mL of the glucose oxidase enzyme (GOD) was prepared in a sodium acetate buffer with pH=5.1 at 25°C and 300411 were pipetted on the samples. The samples were then left overnight to adsorb the enzyme at 4°C. GOD was from Aspergillus Niger Type XS Lyophilized Powder by Sigma Alchich noting a 149,500 Unit s/2 solid activity for the batch. The enzymatic activity of glucose oxidase (GOD) was studied prior to the enzyme adsorbed on the working electrode, using the Enzymatic Assay of GOD by Sigma Aldrich noted as (EC 1.1.3.4), which is based on the spectrophotometric determination of 11202, as a product of enzymatic activity. In particular o-Di an i sidine changes distinctively colour in the presence of 11202. The detailed method and procedures of the assay can be found at [Sigma, 1996]. The conditions of the assay in our case were T = 25°C, pH = 5.1, A500nm, Light path = 1 cm. POD stands for the peroxidase enzyme. The principle can be seen below: -D-Glucose + 02 + H20 GOD > D-Glucono-1,5-Lactone + 11202 11202 + o-Diunisidine (reduced) POD > o-Dianisidine (oxidized) Consequently, according to the EC 1.1.3.4 GOD assay the activity of the commercial GOD used was determined to be approximately 18% less than the indicated units, which could be as a result of storage or environmental conditions. Thus the 5mg/mL of GOD used to prepare the enzyme solution before pipetting it onto the electrode corresponded to 614 Units/ml, versus a 748 Units/ml as indicated by the commercial vial. In this regard, the Units on our electrode are calculated to be 184 Units of GOD enzyme. Subsequently, the adsorption of GOD on the surface of the electrode was established as described in the method below: Method to establish GOD adsorption on the electrode surface "1-In order to check for the adsorption of the enzyme on the electrode surface, each sample was washed 04,1 out (4) times with 3.5ml of 50mM sodium acetate buffer with P11=5.1 at 25°C until no enzymatic activity was detected. In particular, the resulting wash-out was pipetted into suitable cuvettes along with the reagents as described in the EC1.1.3.4 assay to measure the amount of enzyme lost in Units. CD each time. After all (4) washes, a total of approximately 32 Units were lost from the initial 184 Units, If) corresponding to more than 80% of the enzyme being adsorbed and retained.
Determination of glucose in human serum samples using a GOD ninctionalized working electrode based on Ti02:Mn Using a Pt counter electrode, a GOD functionalized working electrode based on Ti02:Mn and an Ag/AgC1 reference electrode, cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed in human scrum with different glucose concentrations (Figure 4). The serum was buffered each time using 0.1M Sodium acetate at pH=5.1 at room temperature. The working electrode had a surface area of 6cm2. Figure 5, shows that the greater the glucose concentration in the scrum sample, the greater the resulting current was observed, demonstrating a liner response. In the absence of the enzyme on the electrode surface, there was no current detected even in the presence of glucose.
References Cited
1. U.S. Patent Documents 8642019 February 4.2014 Knowland.IS et al. 6869596 March 22, 2005 Knowland JS et al. 2. Other references Aklutrachanchainon N. et al, 'Hydrophilic graphene surface prepared by electrochemically reduced inicellar graphene oxide as a platform for electrochemical sensor', Talanta (2017), 165 (12), pp. 692-701.
Bard A..I. et al, 'Electrochemical Methods Fundamentals and Applications' 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons; Hoboken, Ni, USA', (2001) Kinetics of Electrode Reactions; pp. 117-132.
Heller A. et of, 'Electrochemical glucose sensors and their applications in diabetes management', Chem. Rev. (2008) 108 (7), pp. 2482-2505.
Karunakaran C. et al, 'Biosensors and Biocicclronics' Elsevier Inc (2015) Liebana S. et al, 'Bioconjugation and stabilisation of biomolecules in biosensors Essays Biochem. (2016) 60(U pp 5968.
Sigma. SIGMA QUALITY CONTROL TEST PROCEDURE, Enzymatic Assay of GLUCOSE OXIDASE (EC 1.1.3.4). Last revised 08/30/96
Claims (1)
- Claims (7) What is claimed is: I. An electrode comprising of a conductive substrate and a porous biocompatible surface for applications in biosensing 2. A method to prepare the electrode of claim I, where a nanocrystalline paste based on the Ti02:Mn nanoparticles is deposited and immobilized via annealing on the conductive substrate to provide the porous biocompatible surface of the electrode 3. The nanocrystalline paste of claim 2 has a composition based on Ti02:Mn nanoparticles where: a) their average primary particle size does not exceed 100nm b) the titania is primarily in the rutile phase c) the manganese ions are in the 3 state.d) the amount of Mn doping is from about 0.1 to 1 atom %.e) the Ti02:Mn particles may have an organic coating 4. A method to prepare the nanocrystalline paste of claim 2 such that the final mixture consists of: 1-10% Ti02:Mn nanoparticles, Ac01-1 at less than 0.5% by weight, surfactants at 5-30% by weight and 1-20% by weight ethylcel I ulose. The organic solvents make up to 50-70% by weight of the mixture. The mixture is then converted into a viscous paste.5. The electrodes of claim I, can be used for the direct adsorption of biomolecules on their porous surface, without denaturing them 6. The electrodes of claim 1 are stable in a range of electrolyte environments and buffers ranging from 0-14 pH 7. The biocompatible nanocrystalline paste based on Ti02:Mn nanoparticles of claim I can be easily screen printed on any conductive surface, leading to a biocompatible electrode in a quick, cost-effective way.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1916110.8A GB2588780A (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Biocompatible electrodes for electro-chemical biosensors |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| GB1916110.8A GB2588780A (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Biocompatible electrodes for electro-chemical biosensors |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| GB201916110D0 GB201916110D0 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
| GB2588780A true GB2588780A (en) | 2021-05-12 |
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| GB1916110.8A Withdrawn GB2588780A (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Biocompatible electrodes for electro-chemical biosensors |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1369687A1 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-12-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Biosensor |
| WO2017089380A1 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | Radiometer Medical Aps | An outer layer for enzyme sensors |
| CN107085019A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-08-22 | 江苏科技大学 | The preparation method and application of reddish brown inulinase toxin A optical electro-chemistry aptamers sensing electrodes |
| CN108760853A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-11-06 | 山东理工大学 | The preparation method of the aptamer sensor of yapamicin relict in a kind of detection milk |
| CN108802133A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | 济南大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of detection stomach neoplasms tumor markers interlayer type immunosensor |
| US20190150813A1 (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-23 | Uxn Co., Ltd. | Glucose-sensing device with maltose blocking layer |
-
2019
- 2019-11-06 GB GB1916110.8A patent/GB2588780A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1369687A1 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-12-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Biosensor |
| WO2017089380A1 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | Radiometer Medical Aps | An outer layer for enzyme sensors |
| CN107085019A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-08-22 | 江苏科技大学 | The preparation method and application of reddish brown inulinase toxin A optical electro-chemistry aptamers sensing electrodes |
| US20190150813A1 (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-23 | Uxn Co., Ltd. | Glucose-sensing device with maltose blocking layer |
| CN108760853A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-11-06 | 山东理工大学 | The preparation method of the aptamer sensor of yapamicin relict in a kind of detection milk |
| CN108802133A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | 济南大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of detection stomach neoplasms tumor markers interlayer type immunosensor |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| GB201916110D0 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
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