GB2576900A

GB2576900A - A rotary valve internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: GB2576900A
Application number: GB1814488.1A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Lawes Keith; Mason Brian
Original assignee: RCV Engines Ltd
Current assignee: RCV Engines Ltd
Priority date: 2018-09-06
Filing date: 2018-09-06
Publication date: 2020-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-06
Also published as: TWI825061B; GB201814488D0; GB201815026D0; GB2576900B; TW202010931A

Abstract

A rotary valve internal combustion engine has a piston 1 connected to a crankshaft 3 and reciprocatable in a cylinder 2, a combustion chamber 4 being defined in part by the piston. The engine has a rotary valve 5 rotatable in a valve housing 8 fixed relative to the cylinder 2, the rotary valve having a valve body containing a volume defining, in part, the combustion chamber 4. The valve body has a non-uniform radial profile along its axial length and/or about its axis of rotation to accommodate changes in the profile of the valve body during operation. The rotary valve may be fustro-conical along its length and rotatable within a cylindrical valve housing, the valve and housing forming a seal between the two. The taper of the valve compensating for the effects of thermal expansion along the length of the valve due to the temperature gradient that occurs during combustion.

Description

(54) Title of the Invention: A rotary valve internal combustion engine

Abstract Title: Valve sealing of a rotary valve internal combustion engine (57) A rotary valve internal combustion engine has a piston 1 connected to a crankshaft 3 and reciprocatable in a cylinder 2, a combustion chamber 4 being defined in part by the piston. The engine has a rotary valve 5 rotatable in a valve housing 8 fixed relative to the cylinder 2, the rotary valve having a valve body containing a volume defining, in part, the combustion chamber 4. The valve body has a non-uniform radial profile along its axial length and/or about its axis of rotation to accommodate changes in the profile of the valve body during operation. The rotary valve may be fustro-conical along its length and rotatable within a cylindrical valve housing, the valve and housing forming a seal between the two. The taper of the valve compensating for the effects of thermal expansion along the length of the valve due to the temperature gradient that occurs during combustion.

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A Rotary valve internal combustion engine

The present invention relates to a rotary valve internal combustion engine in which the control of the intake and exhaust of combustion gases is achieved by means of a rotary valve.

Such rotary valves are known, for example in the applicant’s Patent No. GB 2467947B. Rotary valve engines are known to have problems of sealing as there is a conflict between minimising the clearances between the relatively rotating bodies, which improves efficiency, but runs the increasing risk of overheating and seizing. Attempts have been made for many years to make a commercially acceptable engine utilising rotary valves, notably by Aspin, but these have mostly been unsuccessful. In the prior art, such as DE 4217608 A1 and DE 4040936 A1, this conflict is recognised and attempts to solve the problem are made by providing complex cooling arrangements or simply saying the problem is solved by using suitable materials. In practice, larger than desired clearances are provided to reduce the risk of seizing, at the cost of reducing the efficiency of the engine and increased emissions, which creates difficulties in meeting current regulations and customer expectations

There is an inherent problem in reducing the gap because of the differential thermal expansion between the rotary valve body and the valve housing caused, in part, by the higher temperatures that the rotary valve body reaches compared to the valve housing. This is caused in part by the fact that the valve body is located in the combustion chamber at the point of maximum temperature generation, and also has poorer thermal pathways through which to conduct the heat away to the outside world. In contrast the valve housing has the advantage that it is able to conduct the heat away directly by the provision of external cooling means such as fins or water cooling.

The present invention seeks to provide means to overcome the known problems.

According to the present invention there is provided a rotary valve internal combustion engine comprising: a piston connected to a crankshaft and reciprocate double in a cylinder, the cylinder having a combustion end, a combustion chamber being defined in part by the piston and the combustion end of the cylinder, a valve housing fixed at an outer portion of the combustion end of the cylinder and defining a bore and a generally cylindrical rotary valve rotatable about a rotary valve axis with a close sliding fit in the bore in the valve housing, the rotary valve having a hollow valve body having an interior volume forming a part of the combustion chamber, wherein the interior volume of the hollow valve body is subjected to combustion gases throughout the combustion process, and further having in a wall part thereof a port giving, during rotation of the valve, fluid communication successively to and from the combustion chamber via inlet and exhaust ports in the valve housing, a sealing function being carried out between the surface of the main body of the rotary valve and a contiguous surface of the bore in the valve housing, wherein the sealing function is carried out between the surface of the body of the rotary valve and the surface of the valve housing only, there being no additional sealing devices Incorporated between the rotary valve and valve housing, wherein the valve body has a non-uniform radial profile along its axial length and/or about its axis of rotation to accommodate changes in the profile of the valve body during operation.

In a preferred embodiment, the valve body is tapered along its axial extent with the diameter of the valve at its open end in the combustion chamber being smaller than the diameter at its end remote from the combustion chamber to accommodate changes in the profile of the valve body during operation.

The valve body may be frusto-conical along its length.

In another embodiment, the profile of the valve body is determined so as to accommodate changes in the temperature gradient along the valve body generated during operation.

Preferably, in another embodiment, the valve has a concentric driveshaft mounted in the valve housing so as to allow a slight degree of radial movement of the valve in the valve housing so that the valve acts as an active seal valve.

In this embodiment, the end of the valve driveshaft adjacent the valve body has a reduced diameter to allow said slight degree of radial movement of the valve in the valve housing.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a single cylinder air cooled engine,

Figure 2 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the rotary valve body.

Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a single cylinder air cooled engine. The engine has a cylinder housing containing the cylinder 2. A piston 1 is connected in the conventional manner to a crankshaft 3 mounted for rotation in a crankcase 14 for reciprocation in the cylinder 2. The upper part of the cylinder 2 is closed by a combustion chamber 4 in a combustion chamber housing. The flow of inlet air/fuel mix and exhaust gas into and out of the combustion chamber 4 is controlled by a rotary valve 5. In this embodiment, the valve 5 is rotatable in a valve housing 8 in the combustion chamber housing about an axis 5a which is co-axial with the axis of the cylinder 2. In other embodiments, the axis of rotation of the valve body is offset from the axis 5a of the cylinder 2.

At its end remote from the combustion chamber 4, the rotary valve 5 has a concentric drive shaft 6 carrying a single race ball bearing 7 which rotatably supports the valve 5 in the valve housing 8. The valve driveshaft 6 is secured to a coaxial driven gear 9 which meshes with a drive gear 10 of a drive arrangement 11 through which the driven gear 9 and hence the rotary valve 5 is connected to the crankshaft 3. The drive arrangement 11 includes a drive shaft 12 which is located in a channel or tube 17 in the cylinder housing and mounted for rotation in an upper bearing 18 adjacent the drive gear 10 and a lower bearing 13 adjacent the crankshaft 3. The driveshaft 11 carries a bevel gear 15 which meshes with a corresponding bevel gear 16 secured on the crankshaft for rotation with the crankshaft 3. Thus, the rotation of the crankshaft 3 and hence the piston movement is coordinated with the rotation of the rotary valve 5 so that the engine operates on the conventional four stroke cycle. To achieve this, the diameter of the driven gear 9 is twice that of the drive gear 10 so that the rotary valve 5 rotates at half engine speed.

Referring now to Figure 2 also, there is shown more detail of the rotary valve 5 which comprises a generally cylindrical rotary valve body 5 rotatable about a rotary valve axis 5a with a close sliding fit in the bore in the valve housing 8, the rotary valve 5 having a hollow valve body having an interior volume 19 forming a part of the combustion chamber. The valve has a generally cylindrical body part comprising the valve body 19 itself which is slightly larger in diameter than the shaft 6, which forms a shoulder 14 against which the inner race of the ball bearing 7 is located. The valve body 19 extends into the combustion chamber and has in its interior a volume 20 which forms part of the combustion chamber 4 and which is subject to combustion gases at all stages of the combustion process. The valve body 19 is rotatable in a bore in a valve housing 8 with a close sliding fit. The valve body has a nonuniform profile along its axial length and/or about its axis of rotation to accommodate changes in the profile of the valve body during operation. In this embodiment, the diameter of the valve body is tapered and has a smaller diameter at the base end of the valve body adjacent the driveshaft 12. The taper is designed to compensate for differing expansion of the valve along its length in use caused principally by the temperature gradient along the length of the valve which occurs in practice. The valve 5 and the valve housing 8 are formed of aluminium.

The shaft 6 part of the rotary valve 5 is only slightly smaller in diameter than the valve body 19 to provide the shoulder 14. The shaft is solid to provide a good path for conducting heat from the valve body 19 to the exterior. Adjacent the shoulder 14, the shaft 6 has a slight undercut to enable slight radial movement of the valve body so that during the combustion stages the combustion pressure when it is high, serves to bias the valve port towards the outlet port in the valve housing so that the valve acts as an active seal reducing gas leakage.

The rotary valve body 19 has a port 21 which, during rotation of the valve, enables fluid communication successively to and from the interior volume of the valve and hence the combustion chamber via inlet and exhaust ports in the valve housing. In this embodiment the port is in the form of a recess formed in the lower peripheral edge 22 of the wall 23 of the valve body adjacent to the combustion chamber 4 the recess extending upwardly from this lower edge of the wall of the valve to form the port 21 in the side of the valve.

In the present embodiment, it is the profile of the valve body which is nonuniform which rotates in a uniform cylindrical bore in the valve housing. In an alternative construction it is possible for the profile of the valve body to be a uniform cylindrical form with the non-uniform being formed in the bore in the valve housing.

Although described as a single cylinder engine, it will be understood that the invention is equally applicable to multi cylinder engines which may be of in-line, Vee or horizontally opposed configuration. Furthermore, although described as a spark ignition engine the invention is equally applicable to a compression ignition engine.

Although the example given is for an engine with the axis of rotation of the rotary valve coaxial with or parallel to the axis of the cylinder, it will be understood that axis of rotation of the valve could be angularly offset from the axis of the cylinder. The invention is equally applicable to rotary valve engines where the axis of rotation of the valve is parallel to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft, or indeed at any intermediate angle.

Claims

1. A rotary valve internal combustion engine comprising: a piston connected to a crankshaft and reciprocate double in a cylinder, the cylinder having a combustion end, a combustion chamber being defined in part by the piston and the combustion end of the cylinder, a valve housing fixed at an outer portion of the combustion end of the cylinder and defining a bore and a generally cylindrical rotary valve rotatable about a rotary valve axis with a close sliding fit in the bore in the valve housing, the rotary valve having a hollow valve body having an interior volume forming a part of the combustion chamber, wherein the interior volume of the hollow valve body is subjected to combustion gases throughout the combustion process, and further having in a wall part thereof a port giving, during rotation of the valve, fluid communication successively to and from the combustion chamber via inlet and exhaust ports in the valve housing, a sealing function being carried out between the surface of the main body of the rotary valve and a contiguous surface of the bore in the valve housing, wherein the sealing function is carried out between the surface of the body of the rotary valve and the surface of the valve housing only, there being no additional sealing devices Incorporated between the rotary valve and valve housing, wherein the valve body has a non-uniform radial profile along its axial length and/or about its axis of rotation to accommodate changes in the profile of the valve body during operation.

2. A rotary valve internal combustion engine according to claim 1 in which the valve body is tapered along its axial extent with the diameter of the valve at its open end in the combustion chamber being smaller than the diameter at its end remote from the combustion chamber to accommodate changes in the profile of the valve body during operation.

3. A rotary valve internal combustion engine according to claim 1 tor 2, wherein the valve body is frusto-conical along its length.

4. A rotary valve internal combustion engine according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the profile of the valve body is determined so as to accommodate changes in the temperature gradient along the valve body generated during operation.

5. A rotary valve internal combustion engine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve has a concentric driveshaft mounted in the valve housing so as to allow a slight degree of radial movement of the valve in the valve housing so that the valve acts as an active seal valve.

6. A rotary valve internal combustion engine according to claim 5 wherein the end of the valve driveshaft adjacent the valve body has a reduced diameter to allow said slight degree of radial movement of the valve in the valve housing.

Intellectual Property Office

Application No: GB1814488.1

Examiner:

Mr Gareth Bond