GB2546809A - Low colbalt hard facing alloy - Google Patents
Low colbalt hard facing alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2546809A GB2546809A GB1601765.9A GB201601765A GB2546809A GB 2546809 A GB2546809 A GB 2546809A GB 201601765 A GB201601765 A GB 201601765A GB 2546809 A GB2546809 A GB 2546809A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- weight
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- cobalt
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N Cobalt-60 Chemical compound [60Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZWXHPJXQLOTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ni].[Cr] Chemical compound [Si].[Ni].[Cr] GZWXHPJXQLOTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
A stainless steel alloy which comprises (by weight): 19-22 % chromium, 8.5-10.5 % nickel, 5.25-5.75 % silicon, 0.25-1.2 % carbon, 4.0-6.0 % niobium, 0.3-0.5 % titanium, the balance being impurities may include 0-0.2 % cobalt, 0-0.5 % manganese, 0-0.3 % molybdenum, 0-0.03 % phosphorous, 0-0.03 % sulphur and 0-0.1 % nitrogen, and iron. Products can be made by hot isostatic pressing powder made of the alloy, casting the alloy, welding the alloy or using the alloy as a coating, e.g. by hard facing or welding, on an article. The alloy can be used to make steam generating plant in a nuclear reactor.
Description
Low Cobalt hard facing alloy
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to steel alloys and particularly a chromium nickel silicon stainless steel alloy with low cobalt that may be suited for use in nuclear reactors, particularly in the components used in the steam generating plant of nuclear reactors.
Background of the Invention
Traditionally, cobalt-based alloys, including Stellite alloys, have been used for wear-based application; including, for example, in nuclear power applications. The alloys may be used to both form components or to provide hard-facing where harder or tougher material is applied to a base metal or substrate.
It is common for hard-facing to be applied to a new part during production to increase its wear resistance. Alternatively, hard-facing may be used to restore a worn surface. Extensive work in research has resulted in the development of a wide range of alloys and manufacturing procedures dependent on the properties and/ or characteristics of the required alloy.
Within the nuclear industry the presence of cobalt within an alloy gives rise to the potential for the cobalt to activate within a neutron flux to result in the radioisotope cobalt-60 which has a long half-life. This makes the use of cobalt undesirable for alloys used in this industry. The cobalt may be released as the alloy wears through various processes, one of which is galling that is caused by adhesion between sliding surfaces caused by a combination of friction and adhesion between the surfaces, followed by slipping and tearing of crystal structure beneath the surface. This will generally leave some material stuck or even friction welded to the adjacent surface, whereas the galled material may appear gouged with balled-up or torn lumps of material stuck to its surface.
Replacements for Stellite have been developed by the industry with low or nil cobalt quantities. Exemplary alloys are detailed in the table below:
In GB2167088 niobium is provided, but always with the presence of vanadium, which prevents the chromium from combining with the carbon and weakening the matrix. The vanadium also acts as a grain refiner within the wholly austenitic alloy that helps the keep the size of the grains within the alloy within an acceptable range.
The alloys of US5660939 modified the alloy of T5183 by the deliberate addition of titanium and by increasing the amounts of niobium and silicon. The controlled additions of titanium, niobium and silicon alter the structure of the steel to provide a duplex auszenitic / ferritic microstructure which undergoes secondary hardening due to the formation of an iron silicon intermetallic phase.
Further hardening is achievable by hot isostatic pressing (HIPPING) of the stainless steel alloy when in powder form where secondary hardening occurs within the ferritic phase of the duplex microstructure.
The niobium provides a preferential carbide former over chromium, enabling high chromium levels to be maintained within the matrix so as to give good corrosion performance. Low cobalt based alloys, or cobalt alloy replacements, typically comprise significant quantities of carbide forming elements which can form alloys with hardness values in excess of 500Hv. As with traditional Stellite alloys, the high levels of hardness observed can make machining difficult, resulting in poor mechanical properties for,
for example, ductility, fracture toughness, impact resistance and workability. Additionally, the cost of using such alloys is high due to the need for special treatments and/ or precision casting or other near net shape manufacturing methods to limit further machining.
Accordingly, it would therefore be advantageous to provide an alloy without the aforementioned disadvantages.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention accordingly provides, in a first aspect, an alloy consisting essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 5.25 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 0.25 to 1.2 percent by weight carbon, 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.3 to 0.5 percentby weight titanium, 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight nitrogen and the balance iron plus impurities.
The impurities may consist of 0 to 0.2 percent by weight cobalt, 0 to 0.5 percent by weight manganese, 0 to 0.3 percent by weight molybdenum, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight phosphor, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight sulphur.
The alloy may comprise 0.8 to 1.2 percent by weight carbon.
The alloy may be in powder form which is consolidated in a hot isostatic press.
The alloy may be applied to an article to provide a coating on the article. The coating may be hard faced or welded onto the article.
The alloy may be used in a steam generating plant. The steam may be generated through a nuclear reaction.
An alloy consisting essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 5.25 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 0.25 to 1.2 percent by weight carbon, 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight titanium, 0 to 0.2 percent by weight cobalt, 0 to 0.5 percent by weight manganese, 0 to 0.3 percent by weight molybdenum, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight phosphor, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight sulphur, 0 to 0.5 percent by weight nitrogen and the balance iron plus impurities. A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The improved alloys described here have been developed having, in weight percent, 19 to 22 chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 nickel, 5.25 to 5.75 silicon, 4.0 to 6.0 niobium, 0.3 to 0.5 titanium, 0.25 to 1.2 carbon, 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight nitrogen and the balance iron plus incidental impurities. The alloy may have carbon in the range 0.8 to 1.2 wt%.
The impurities may be up to 0.2 wt% cobalt, up to 0.5 wt% manganese, up to 0.3 wt% molybdenum, up to 0.03wt% phosphor, up to 0.03wt% sulphur.
These compositions are similar to those proposed in US5660939 but the reduction in the carbon and niobium content has been found to improve the ductility of the alloy. The nitrogen has been found to aid the galling resistance of the matrix.
The new alloy has an acceptable galling resistance as carbides will still be formed, and the matrix continues to have a duplex austenitic / ferritic microstructure which undergoes secondary hardening due to the formation of an iron silicon intermetallic phase.
Although carbides continue to be formed the alloy has a resultant lover overall carbide caused, in part, by the weight percentage content of niobium and carbon that give an alloy with an acceptable hardness but greater ductility and toughness. This improvement in ductility opens up the range of range of applications where consideration to shock events has to be considered as well as the overall wear resistance requirement.
Claims (6)
1. An alloy comprising essentially of 19 to 22 percent by weight chromium, 8.5 to 10.5 percent by weight nickel, 5.25 to 5.75 percent by weight silicon, 0.25 to 1.2 percent by weight carbon, 4.0 to 6.0 percent by weight niobium, 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight titanium, 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight nitrogen and the balance iron plus impurities.
2. An alloy according to claim 1 wherein the impurities consist of 0 to 0.2 percent by weight cobalt, 0 to 0.5 percent by weight manganese, 0 to 0.3 percent by weight molybdenum, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight phosphor, 0 to 0.03 percent by weight sulphur.
3. An alloy according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alloy comprises 0.8 to 1.2 percent by weight carbon.
4. An alloy as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the alloy has been hot isostatically pressed.
5. An alloy as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the alloy has been cast or welded
5. An article comprising an alloy as claimed in any preceding claim.
6. An article having a coating comprising an alloy as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1601765.9A GB2546809B (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2016-02-01 | Low cobalt hard facing alloy |
| EP17150539.9A EP3211108A1 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2017-01-06 | Low cobalt hard facing alloy |
| US15/402,821 US10233521B2 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2017-01-10 | Low cobalt hard facing alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1601765.9A GB2546809B (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2016-02-01 | Low cobalt hard facing alloy |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201601765D0 GB201601765D0 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| GB2546809A true GB2546809A (en) | 2017-08-02 |
| GB2546809B GB2546809B (en) | 2018-05-09 |
Family
ID=55590481
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1601765.9A Active GB2546809B (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2016-02-01 | Low cobalt hard facing alloy |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10233521B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3211108A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2546809B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12378647B2 (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2025-08-05 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Reduced carbides ferrous alloys |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11939646B2 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2024-03-26 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Corrosion and wear resistant nickel based alloys |
| JP7523461B2 (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2024-07-26 | エリコン メテコ（ユーエス）インコーポレイテッド | Thermal spray iron-based alloys for coating engine cylinder bores. |
| WO2020227099A1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2020-11-12 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Powder feedstock for wear resistant bulk welding configured to optimize manufacturability |
| JP7572384B2 (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2024-10-23 | エリコン メテコ（ユーエス）インコーポレイテッド | An iron-based alloy designed for wear and corrosion resistance |
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| GB2167088A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1986-05-21 | Cabot Corp | Nuclear grade steels |
| EP0735155A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-02 | Rolls-Royce And Associates Limited | A stainless steel alloy |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US10233521B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
| GB201601765D0 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| GB2546809B (en) | 2018-05-09 |
| US20170218490A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
| EP3211108A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
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