GB2468769A

GB2468769A - Railway signal having a signaling unit and control enclosure attached to the same support post.

Info

Publication number: GB2468769A
Application number: GB1004290A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Barry Thomas Wright
Original assignee: Unipart Rail Ltd
Current assignee: Unipart Rail Ltd
Priority date: 2009-03-13
Filing date: 2010-03-15
Publication date: 2010-09-22
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-15
Also published as: GB2468769B; GB2508313A; GB2468597A; GB201004291D0; GB201004290D0; GB2508313B; GB201402161D0

Abstract

A railway signal comprises a support (60) to which is attached a signaling unit (52) and an enclosure unit (66) at the base end of the support. The signal may be mounted on a either a freestanding concrete base or foundations (62). The enclosure unit is adapted to receive the bottom portion of a signal post (408), wherein the enclosure unit includes a compartment (404) in which is located rail network control components, for example train protection and warning systems (TPWS) and a data link module (DLM), which components are conventionally located away from the signal in a signal box. A protective barrier may be provided around the enclosure unit. The enclosure unit may also include at least one wheel to allow movement of the enclosure unit to a different location. Additional claims are included for a transporter for moving a railway signal, an electrically non conductive plastic support post and a casing having two types of signal module. Further claims are directed to the releasable connection of the signaling unit to the control unit over one or two wires carrying control signals or power.

Description

I

RAILWAY SIGNALS

The present invention relates to railway signals and components of railway signals, such as signalling units.

Railway signals are positioned at various locations alongside a railway track in order to convey information to the train driver, for example as to which junction or route to take.

These fixed railway signals are installed by laying foundations and sinking a post into those foundations. One or more signalling units are then attached to the post. Each signalling unit conveys a separate signal, for example a first signalling unit conveys "stop" or "proceed", and a second signalling unit conveys junction/routing information.

Each railway signal is fitted with the signalling units that are required for that location.

Each signalling unit is attached (typically bolted) to the post and sighted to face the train driver. Railway signals are also typically fitted with a ladder so that an engineer can access the signalling units, for sighting and maintenance.

Each signalling unit or group of signalling units comprises a suitable backboard which aids visibility of the signal by providing a dark (typically black) non-reflective "border" around the light emitting units of the signalling units. Backboards typically comprise overlapping metal plates joined together by bolts, rivets or similar fastening means.

For each signalling unit, the light source and at least some of the control electronics for the light source are provided in a casing or enclosures. Thus, each signalling unit comprises a casing which contains the light source and light source electronics.

Thus, a railway signal comprising more than one signalling unit has a corresponding number of signalling unit casings attached to the post. As noted above, the backboards associated with each signalling unit may be arranged to as to overlap.

On installation of the railway signal, a signalling box is also installed to house various components that communicate with and control the signal. The signalling box is separate from the railway signal and is installed independently on a suitable site in the vicinity of the railway signal.

The present inventors propose a number of changes to the structure and configuration of railway signals and components of railway signals such as signalling units. Embodiments of such railway signals and components provide valuable advantages as compared to conventional arrangements.

The various aspects of the present invention are introduced below in a general way and then discussed in more detail, followed by examples of the invention.

A first proposal is concerned with the provision of an enclosure on the post and/or base portion of a railway signal for accommodating the rail network signal control electronics that control the signal, which electronics are conventionally located in a track-side signal box, as noted above.

A second proposal is concerned with the provision of a "quick release mechanism" which replaces conventional fixings (typically bolts) between a railway signal post and the base of the signal (typically the concrete pile/foundation).

A third proposal is concerned with the provision of wheels, suitably detachable wheels, on an enclosure that accommodates signal control electronics, to aid the transportation of the enclosure to an installation site.

A fourth proposal is concerned with the provision of an electrically non-conductive post, for example a composite plastics material, to which signalling units can be attached.

A fifth proposal is concerned with reducing the number of electrical connectors associated with a signalling unit (i.e. at the top of a signal post) by providing a "flying lead" that extends from the light emitting unit at the top of the post to a connector for connection to rail network signal control electronics that can be located at the bottom of the post or on a base portion, such that the electrical connections is accessible by maintenance engineers without having to gain access to the signalling unit/light emitting unit at the top of the post.

A sixth proposal is concerned with the provision of a "universal connector" that permits multiple signalling lines from a signalling unit to be connected to or disconnected from rail network signal control electronics simultaneously.

A seventh proposal is concerned with the provision of two or more types of signal module (e.g. a junction indicator module and a position light signal module) in the same signalling unit casing/housing, i.e. an "integrated signal housing" thereby permitting simultaneous sighting of all of the modules.

An eighth proposal is concerned with the provision of railway signals having backboards having curved edges, particularly circular backboards.

Each of these proposals will be discussed in turn. The proposals are combinable and, as discussed below, the present invention provides railway signals that are embodiments of two or more of the proposals.

With reference to the first proposal, the present inventors have found that finding two separate sites to install a railway signal and a signal box may be difficult in some locations and require land to be cleared and/or levelled to accommodate both fixtures. The inventors have also found that, even if a suitable site for the signal box is found away without the need to clear the ground, it may be a significant distance from the signal. Thus, extra access preparation to get installation equipment to the signal box site and extra cabling to link the signal box to the signal may be required.

These extra provisions add cost and time to the installation of the signal.

This proposal seeks to address these problems and thereby reduce the cost and time to install a railway signal.

In a first aspect the present invention provides a railway signal having a signalling unit, a support portion to which the signalling unit is attached, and an enclosure unit for accommodating signal control means, wherein the enclosure is attached to the support portion.

By providing an enclosure unit that is attached to the support portion, the signal control means (at least some of which are conventionally located in the track-side signal box) can be easily accessed, for example by a signal maintenance engineer.

Furthermore, as the enclosure unit will in use accommodate the signal control means, the railway signal and signal control means can share the same site. Thus, it is not necessary to provide a separate site for the signal control means, thereby reducing the number of sites that need to be prepared from two to one. The effect is to reduce the time and work required to find suitable signal sites and reduce installation costs.

The support portion may comprise a base portion as described herein, for example a free standing concrete base, and/or a support member as described herein, for example a post. Preferred arrangements for attaching the enclosure unit to the support portion are discussed below.

Preferably, the enclosure unit includes signal control means. The signal control means are or comprise rail network signal control means, i.e. components that are conventionally located away from the signal in a signal box. Signal control means suitably includes one or more of a train protection and/or warning device; data processing device, data transfer device; interlocking device; transformer; and power supply device. In particular, signal control means may comprise, for example, one or more of a train protection and warning system (TPWS) module, a transformer, a data link module (DLM), a solid state interlocking (SSI) module and a power source.

Other known signal control means may also be included. The enclosure unit may also include a fuse.

Suitably the enclosure unit includes access means that permit access to the inside of the enclosure and hence the signal control means. Suitably the access means includes a door or other openable panel. Suitably the access means, e.g. door, is lockable so that access is controlled, for example to permit only railway engineers to access the signal control means. Preferably the enclosure unit is a cabinet having a door to provide access to the signal control means.

Preferably the enclosure unit is watertight at least to the extent that it resists the ingress of water.

Suitably, the width, depth and height of the main body of enclosure unit (i.e. the part that provides an enclosure for the signal control means) are selected independently so as to provide enough space within the enclosure unit to accommodate all the required signal control means. Typically at least one of and preferably all of width, depth and height is independently at least 0.1 metres, preferably at least 0.5 metres, more preferably at least 0.8 metres, and most preferably about 1 metre or more.

Suitably at least one of and preferably all of width, depth and height is independently less than 3 metres, preferably less than 2 metres, more preferably less than about 1.5 metres, and most preferably less than about 1.3 metres. A particularly preferred range for at least one of, preferably all of width, depth and height is 0.5 to 2 metres, more preferably 0.8 to 1.5 metres and most preferably about 0.9 metres to 1.3 metres.

In embodiments the width:depth ratio of the enclosure is between about 2:1 to about 1:2.

Preferably, the height of the main body of the enclosure unit is at least 0.5 metres, more preferably at least 0.8 metres, more preferably at least 0.9 metres, and most preferably at least about 1 metre. A suitable upper limit for the height is about 2 metres, preferably no more than 1.5 metres and preferably no more than 1.3 metres.

A particularly preferred height is in the range 0.8 to 1.3 metres.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the enclosure unit has a depth of about 0.5 metres, a width of about 1 metres and a height of about 1 metre.

In embodiments wherein the support portion includes a support member (e.g. a post) and/or a stabilising base portion (e.g. concrete base) as described herein, the enclosure may be connected or connectable to the support member or the stabilising base portion or both.

Suitably the enclosure is attached or attachable to the support member (e.g. a post).

By attaching the enclosure unit to the support member, the unit enclosure is located conveniently for a railway engineer to carry out maintenance and checks. Indeed, suitably the attachment of the enclosure unit to the support member permits the enclosure unit to be raised from the ground so that it may be more easily accessed, for example, without the need for a user to bend down.

In embodiments a further advantage of attaching the enclosure unit to the support member (e.g. post) is that the enclosure unit may assist in stabilising the support member. As discussed herein, attachment of the support member and enclosure unit can be achieved by provision of support member receiving means in the enclosure unit.

In embodiments the support portion comprises a base portion as described herein and the enclosure unit is attached or attachable to the base portion. Again, suitably this provides a convenient location for the enclosure unit such that it can be easily accessed by a railway engineer. Furthermore, by attaching the enclosure unit to the base portion, the enclosure may be stabilised by the base portion. In the event that a conventional concrete foundation is used (c.f. the freestanding concrete bases described herein), the enclosure is suitably attached to or attachable to the base portion (foundation).

In one embodiment, the enclosure unit is attached to the base portion via alignment means as described herein.

Preferably, the enclosure unit is attached to the support member (e.g. a post) and the base portion (e.g. foundation or freestanding concrete base).

In embodiments where the enclosure unit is attached to the support member (e.g. post), preferably the enclosure unit includes support member (e.g. post) receiving means, which receiving means accommodate the support member at least partially within the enclosure. Suitably the support member receiving means comprises an aperture or a channel for accommodating the support member. Preferably any such aperture or channel is shaped so as to correspond to the shape of the support member.

The provision of support member receiving means in the enclosure unit suitably helps to secure the enclosure unit to the support member, for example to prevent relative movement between the support member and enclosure unit. Indeed, preferred arrangements for the enclosure unit include post-receiving means, suitably in the form of an aperture or channel extending through the enclosure unit.

Preferably, the support member (e.g. post) is hollow so that cables may run from the signalling unit to the base portion within the support member. More preferably, the support member has an aperture, suitably in the lower portion of the support member, which lower portion suitably in use is inserted into the support member receiving means of the enclosure unit so that a there is a cable pathway from the interior of the support member to the enclosure unit.

With such a pathway from interior of the support member to the enclosure unit, cables from the signalling unit may reach the enclosure unit and base portion without being exposed to the environment.

Alternatively, the support member may be attached to the outside ofthe enclosure unit, for example, by the use of one or more brackets.

Preferably, the enclosure unit includes a protective barrier, for example one or more bars suitably extending from the main body of the enclosure unit to define a protected area, for protecting personnel working at the enclosure. Suitably the protected area is immediately in front of the main body of the enclosure unit.

Preferably, the enclosure unit includes alignment means as described herein, suitably being part of a bottom portion of the enclosure unit. Such alignment means can then be attached to a base portion (e.g. freestanding concrete base or foundations) of the signal such that when a support member and signalling unit is attached to the enclosure unit, all of the components can be aligned together.

Preferably, the support member is as described herein, suitably a post. Preferably, the signalling unit is as described herein. Preferably, the stabilising base portion is as described herein, for example a freestanding concrete base portion.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal enclosure unit for use ma railway signal of the first aspect, the enclosure unit having an enclosure for accommodating signal control means and attachment means for attaching the enclosure unit to the support portion of the railway signal.

The optional features of the other aspects apply to this aspect. In particular, the optional features of the enclosure unit of the first aspect suitably apply to this aspect.

With reference to the second proposal, the present inventors have found that it can be difficult and time consuming to install or replace railway signals. Part of this difficulty arises from the requirement to fix a post, typically with bolts, to a base and/or to foundations so that it is in the desired vertical configuration.

The present invention proposes that conventional fixings between a post (having a signalling unit attached) are replaced with a "quick release mechanism" attached to the base.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal having a signalling unit attached to a support member, a base portion for stabilising the support member, and support member retaining means attached to the base portion for releasably attaching the support member to the base portion, the support member retaining means being adjustable between a retaining configuration in which the support member is attached to the base portion and a release configuration in which the support member can be separated from the base portion.

In embodiments, the support member retaining means permit the support member (typically a post) to be readily connected and disconnected from the base portion.

Suitably this can be done by a single railway engineer. An advantage of attaching the support member retaining means to the base portion is that in embodiments there is no need for additional fixing means to be brought to the site (as is the case for conventional fixings). As disclosed herein, the support member retaining means may be provided by an enclosure unit of the second aspect.

Preferably, the support member retaining means comprises a docking portion for holding the support member in the retaining configuration in a fixed orientation with respect to the base portion.

Alternatively or additionally the support member retaining means (e.g. the docking portion) comprises a key portion (e.g. an aperture in an enclosure unit) that is shaped to receive a corresponding key portion on a support member, for example a shaped collar or a post.

Suitably the support member retaining means comprises releasing means operable to adjust the support member into and out of engagement with the docking portion.

The releasing means may comprise a lever that acts on the support member.

Alternatively or additionally, the releasing means are operable to adjust the support member into and out of engagement with the key portion.

Alternatively or additionally, the support member retaining means comprises fixing means to releasably secure the support member to or against the docking portion.

The fixing means may comprise a panel or a door (for example in the case of the support member retaining means being part of or integral with an enclosure as defined herein). In such arrangements, closing of the door or panel can secure the support member against the docking portion and/or key portion.

Preferably, support member retaining means includes a fixing means hinge (e.g. door hinge) to permit movement of the fixing means relative to the docking portion such that fixing means can be moved into and out of securing engagement with the support member (e.g. to retain the support member against the docking portion).

In embodiments, the docking portion comprises a brace, tube, collar, shoe or upright member.

In embodiments, the docking portion comprises an upright member which abuts the support member (e.g. a post) in the retaining configuration. The upright member is suitably a plate shaped so as to conform to the shape of the support member.

Preferably, in the case where the docking portion is a plate, the plate extends substantially vertically to retain the support member in a substantially vertical orientation. As noted above, preferably the plate is shaped so as to fit to the exterior of the support member. In this way, the docking plate may abut at least part of the support member. For example, if the support member is a cylindrical post, the plate may be curved to abut at least part of the post.

In the case of the support member being a post, suitably the docking portion extends around at least part of the circumference of the post. Suitably this helps to ensure that forces are distributed more evenly (e.g. forces arising through a moment generated by wind acting on the signalling unit).

However, it is preferred that the docking portion does not extend all the way around the post such that the post can be disengaged from the docking portion by tipping it away from the docking portion.

In some arrangements, the docking portion comprises a tubular member with its elongate axis extending substantially vertically from the base portion of the signal (in normal use). The tubular member may have an internal diameter that is slightly greater than the external diameter of the support member, so that, in use, the support member may be placed within the tubular member. In this manner, the support member may be held by the docking portion.

In embodiments, the releasing portion may be a lever to lever the support member out of engagement with the docking portion. Preferably, the releasing portion is attached to or integral with the docking portion.

In embodiments where the releasing portion is a lever, the support member retaining means are adjustable between a retaining configuration and a release configuration by movement of a first side of the lever. Typically, this is achieved by the lever acting on the support member. Preferably, to adjust from the retaining configuration to the releasing configuration, a user may move a first side of the lever to urge the support member away from its retained position (for example away from a docking portion).

When the support member retaining means comprises fixing means, the support member retaining means may be adjustable between a retaining configuration and a release configuration by moving the fixing means (for example on its hinge) with respect to the support member.

Preferably, the support member retaining means is within or integral with a railway signal enclosure unit as described herein. Preferably, part of the enclosure unit forms the docking portion.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal support member retaining means for use in a railway signal according to the third aspect for releasably attaching the support member to the base portion, the support member retaining means being adjustable between a retaining configuration in which the support member is attached to the base portion and a release configuration in which the support member can be separated from the base portion.

Preferably, the optional features of the support member retaining means described above also apply to the support member retaining means of this aspect.

In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signalling unit support member (e.g. post) for use in a railway signal according to the third aspect, the support member having engaging means adapted to engage with the support member retaining means in the retaining configuration so that, in use, in the retaining configuration, the support member is retained in a fixed orientation relative to the support member retaining means.

Suitably the engaging means comprises a key portion that is shaped to correspond to a corresponding key portion of the support member retaining means.

Preferably, the engaging means is a collar, for example a collar having a recess or protruding portion to cooperate with the support member receiving means.

Preferably, the engaging means limits movement of the support member in more than one perpendicular axis. More preferably, the engaging means limits movement of the support member in three perpendicular axes.

Preferably, the support member retaining means includes a second engaging means, which second engaging means cooperates with the (first) engaging means on the support member, suitably to limit movement of the support member relative to the support member retaining means.

With reference to the third proposal, the present inventors have found that moving a railway enclosure for holding signal control components can be difficult, for example because of the size and/or weight of the enclosure (including the signal control components). In particular, when transporting an enclosure for installation at a given site, transport from the vehicle delivering the enclosure to the trackside to the site of installation requires a lot of lifting and manual labour. Thus, movement of the enclosures requires a large workforce and time.

In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal enclosure unit for use with a railway signal according to the first aspect, the enclosure unit having an enclosure for accommodating signal control means, and at least one wheel for moving the enclosure unit to a desired location.

Thus, embodiments provide an enclosure unit that may be wheeled to the desired location and thus allows the movement of the enclosure without significant effort or a large work force.

Suitably the enclosure unit includes two wheels, to provide stability during movement.

Preferably, the enclosure unit includes wheel attachment means for releasably attaching the wheels to the enclosure.

Preferably, the enclosure unit has an attachment plate for attaching the enclosure unit to a railway signal base portion.

Preferably, the wheel attachment means includes a plate engaging portion connected to the wheel(s), the plate engaging portion having upper and lower plate engaging members spaced apart to accommodate the attachment plate. Suitably the wheel attachment means includes retaining means for retaining the attachment plate between the upper and lower plate engaging members.

Preferably, the plate engaging portion and the attachment plate have apertures and the retaining means is a retaining member (e.g. a pin) for inserting through the apertures of the plate engaging portion and the attachment plate.

In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal enclosure unit transporter for moving a railway signal enclosure unit to a desired location, the enclosure unit having an attachment plate for attaching the enclosure unit to a railway signal base portion, the transporter having a plate engaging portion with upper and lower plate engaging members spaced apart to accommodate the attachment plate, retaining means for retaining the attachment plate between the upper and lower plate engaging members, and at least one wheel connected to the plate engaging portion.

The optional features of the sixth aspect suitably also apply to this aspect.

With reference to the fourth proposal, the present inventors have found that there may be a health and safety risk to signal installation personnel when installing metal railway signal posts in areas with overhead power cables in the vicinity of the installation site.

In an eighth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal having a signalling unit connected to a support member (e.g. post), wherein the support member is electrically non-conductive.

An electrically non-conductive support member eliminates the risk of an electrical shock from an overhead power cable passing through the support member to a handler of the support member.

Preferably, the support member comprises fibre-glass, suitably as a fibre glass composite, preferably a fibre glass composite resin (also known as glass reinforced plastics, GRP). Suitable resins include polyesters and acrylic (e.g. Modar). The present inventors have found that a fibre glass composite support member is strong enough to support the signalling unit and light enough to be easily transported as well as being electrically non-conductive to avoid conducting electricity from overhead power lines.

In a ninth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signalling unit attached to a support member (e.g. post) for supporting the signalling unit, the support member being electrically non-conductive.

Preferably the optional features of the eighth aspect also apply to this aspect.

In a tenth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal having a signalling unit connected to a support member (e.g. post), wherein the support member comprises a composite plastics material.

As noted above, suitably the composite material comprises fibre glass.

In a eleventh aspect, the present invention provides a railway signalling unit attached to a support member (e.g. post) for supporting the signalling unit, wherein the support member comprises a composite plastics material.

In a twelfth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal having a signalling unit connected to a support member (e.g. post), wherein the support member is electrically non-conductive and the support member and signalling unit together weigh 25kg or less.

In a thirteenth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signalling unit attached to a support member (e.g. post) for supporting the signalling unit, wherein the support member is electrically non-conductive and the support member and signalling unit together weigh 25kg or less.

With reference to the fifth proposal, conventional signalling units have one or more connectors at the signalling unit and these connectors connect the signalling unit to the rail network. The present inventors have found the connectors frequently need checking for loose or disconnected connectors. This requires a maintenance personnel member to scale the signal (with a ladder) to check the connectors.

In a fourteenth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal having a signalling unit comprising at least one light emitting unit, a support member, and a base portion, wherein the signalling unit is connected to an upper portion of the support member and a lower portion of the support member is connected to the base portion, and wherein the railway signal further comprises at least one signal wire for carrying either one or both of a control signal and electrical power between the light emitting unit and rail network signal control means; and wherein the at least one signal wire comprises a first end connected to the light emitting unit and a second end connected to an electrical connector for connection to the rail network signal control means, the or each signal wire extending from the light emitting unit to the lower portion of the support member or the base portion, such that the electrical connector is associated with the lower portion of the support member or the base portion.

Thus, the first end of the signal wire is connected to the light emitting unit and extends to a connector associated with the lower portion of the support member or the base portion. In this manner, in the absence of any connectors at the top of the signal (i.e. associated with the signalling unit) and a continuous signal wire between the light emitting unit and the lower portion of the support member or base portion the requirement to check the connectors at the top of the signal is eliminated, This may save time and money in relation to maintenance of the railway signal.

Preferably, the railway signal comprises two or more signal wires connected to the light emitting unit.

Preferably, the railway signal comprises two or more light emitting units. More preferably, each light emitting unit is connected to one or more signal wires.

Preferably, each of the base portion, support member and signalling unit are independently as described herein.

In a fifteenth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signalling unit for use in a railway signal according to the fourteenth aspect, the signalling unit having at least one light emitting unit, at least one signal wire for carrying either one or both of a control signal and electrical power between the light emitting unit and rail network signal control means: wherein the at least one signal wire comprises a first end connected to the light emitting unit and a second end connected to an electrical connector for connection to the rail network signal control means, the signal wire extending in use from the light emitting unit to the lower portion of the support member or the base portion, such that in use the electrical connector is associated with the lower portion of the support member of the base portion.

The preferred features of the fourteenth aspect may apply to the features of the fifteenth aspect.

With reference to the sixth proposal, conventional railway signals connect each light emitting unit to the appropriate control component as required. The present inventors have found that connecting each signal wire to each component separately is time-consuming and may lead to errors in connecting the signalling unit to the rail network.

In a sixteenth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal having a signalling unit comprising at least one light emitting unit, at least two signal wires extending from the signalling unit for carrying either one or both of a control signal and electrical power between the light emitting unit and rail network signal control means, and an electrical connector to which each of the at least two signal wires is connected, the connector being adapted to be releasably connected to the rail network signal control means, such that all of the signal wires can be connected to or disconnected from the rail network signal control means simultaneously.

The electrical connector thus enables a user to connected or disconnect at least two signal wires simultaneously to the rail network signal control means. This reduces time spent by the user connecting the signal wires to the rail network signal control means. Furthermore, the risk of human error in connecting the signal wires may also be reduced.

Preferably, more than two signal wires are connected to the electrical connector.

More preferably, all signal wires associated with the signalling unit are connected to the electrical connector.

Preferably, the signal wires are connected to the electrical connector in a row or grid.

Preferably, the connector has at least one handle for facilitating the connection or disconnection of the signal wires to the rail network control means.

Preferably, the electrical connector comprises a connector housing and the connection between the signal wires and the connector is within the housing.

Preferably, the signal wires form a single bundle of wires at the point where signal wires enter the connector housing.

In a seventeenth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signalling unit for use in a railway signal according to the sixteenth aspect, the signalling unit having at least one light emitting unit, at least two signal wires for carrying either one or both of a control signal and electrical power between the or each light emitting unit and rail network signal control means, and an electrical connector to which each of the at least two signal wires is connected, the connector being adapted to be releasably connected to the rail network signal control means, such that all of the signal wires can be connected to or disconnected from the rail network signal control means simultaneously.

The preferred features of the sixteenth aspect apply to the seventeenth aspect.

The seventh proposal relates to the provision of multiple types of signal module in a railway signal. As noted above, it is conventional for different types of signal modules to be provided in separate housing units, requiring sighting and alignment of each.

In an eighteenth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signalling unit comprising a casing and within the casing at least two types of signal module.

By including two or more (different) types of signal modules in a single casing (c.f.

two or more signal modules of the same type), embodiments of the present invention provide the advantage that only a single signalling unit needs to be affixed to a particular post. This is advantageous because suitably all of the types of signal module can then be sighted simultaneously. The simultaneous sighting removes the need for an engineer to sight each individual signalling unit.

Types of signalling module include but are not necessarily limited to: single aspect colour light signals, multi-aspect colour light signals, junction signals (junction indicators), multi-junction signals, position light signals, tunnel signals, banner signals, banner repeating signals, semaphore lamp signals, shunting signals, subsidiary signals, route indicator signals, alphanumeric signals, railway level crossing signals, stop light signals, drivers crossing indicator signals, points indicator signals, and line side status indicator signals. Preferably the casing includes at least two, preferably at least three and most preferably at least four different modules selected from the above list.

The signalling unit is suitably adapted to be connected to a post, which in turn may be connected to a base portion described herein (or to conventional foundations).

Preferably, the signalling unit includes all of the signal modules that are to be affixed to the post to form the railway signal.

Preferably the railway signalling unit is releasably connectable to a post. Therefore, in one use of the railway signalling unit, a conventional signalling unit mounted on a post can be replaced with a signalling unit of the present invention, which signalling unit provides a plurality of different signal modules.

Preferably at least three types of signal module are included in the casing, more preferably at least four types of signal module.

Furthermore, it is possible for more than one of the same type of signal module to be present. For example, a plurality of junction indicator signal modules may be present.

Embodiments therefore comprise a signalling unit into which a plurality of different signal modules have been integrated. Suitably, the integrated signalling unit is lighter than the corresponding multiple conventional signalling units.

Thus, suitably the signalling unit provides a single casing which contains multiple light sources that provide the function of at least two different types of signal.

Preferably some or all, preferably all, of the signal modules are LED signal modules (i.e. comprising an LED light source). Thus suitably the signalling unit is an LED signalling unit.

In particular, the present inventors have been able to simplify the electronics associated with LED light sources so that the functionality of multiple signals can be combined in a single casing.

Furthermore, more than one signal module of each signal module type may be integrated into the single signalling unit, For example, the signalling unit may have more than one junction indicator incorporated into the casing.

Suitably, the casing has a single backboard having apertures for exposing the light sources of the said signalling modules. Preferably the backboard is a single continuous piece. An advantage of having a single piece of casing material is that light sources that originate from outside of the casing are not visible when looking at the light output of the signalling module. Such external' light is detrimental because it can confuse the train driver and lead to incorrect reading of the signal.

Furthermore, the weight of the signalling unit may be reduced as compared to conventional signals because additional material does not need to be added to the signalling unit in order to block gaps in the signalling unit, which is a technique used in conventional signals.

Preferably the backboard is black. The black colour improves the contrast between the backboard and the light sources of the signalling modules. The backboard may have a matt finish. A matt finish reduces reflection from the backboard, and thus makes the light from the signalling modules clearer to an observer, such as a train driver. More preferably, the backboard further comprises a layer of matt black paint for improving the clarity of the signalling modules.

Preferably, the wall thickness of the casing is less than 10 mm. More preferably, the wall thickness is less than 5 mm, and most preferably less than about 3 mm. A particularly preferred thickness is about 2.8 mm.

Suitably, the reduced weight and depth of the signalling unit allows the signalling unit to be more compact and thus reduces windage.

Preferably, the railway signalling unit has a depth of less than 40cm more preferably less than 30cm, more preferably less than 20cm and most preferably less than about 10cm.

The casing may be made of a composite material, suitably a laminate material. A preferred composite comprises aluminium, preferably an aluminium-faced composite and most preferably a laminate wherein the top layer is aluminium. More preferably, the casing material has a polymer core, for example a polyethylene core. Preferably the composite material is a laminate comprising at least three layers, wherein one or more of the internal layers comprises polyethylene.

In preferred embodiments, the composite material is an aluminium-polyethylene composite material. Suitably, the material is a three-layer laminate, wherein the outer layers are aluminium and the inner layer (core) is polyethylene.

In embodiments the composite material provides a strong and lightweight casing.

This can assist in reducing the thickness of the walls. The reduction in bulk and/or the strength of the composite material assists in making the signalling unit more compact. This has the advantage that the signalling unit has a lower external surface area and hence windage.

With reference to the eighth proposal, in a nineteenth aspect, the present invention provides a railway signalling unit having at least one light source within the signalling unit and a backboard, which backboard comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, wherein at least one of the upper and lower portions has a curved edge.

Embodiments of this aspect have been found by the inventors to provide not only good visibility of the illuminated signal but also a reduction in windage. The curved shape of the backboard has also been found to provide strength to the signalling unit.

Preferably the curved edge of one or both of the upper and lower portions comprises an arc of a circle. Preferably the curved edges of both the portions comprise an arc of a circle. Alternatively, the arc may be an arc of an ellipse or an oval.

Suitably one or both of the curved edges of the upper and lower portions comprises a semi-circle. Preferably the curved edges of both the portions comprise a semi-circle.

Preferably the backboard is substantially circular. A circular backboard mininlises the surface area of the backboard and this has been found to be particularly advantageous because it reduces the windage of the signalling unit, whilst retaining good visibility.

Preferably the backboard comprises at least one circular aperture to expose the at least one light source. Suitably there are two, three or four apertures.

Preferably the backboard extends at least 300 mm from the or each aperture.

Suitably at least some of the curved edge of the backboard has a curvature that matches the curvature of at least one of the aperture(s).

In embodiments wherein the curved edges comprise an arc of a circle or are substantially semi-circular, it is preferred that the aperture and the curved edges are concentric. That is, the notional circle defined by the arc (e.g. 180° arc or semi-circle) of the curved edge(s) is concentric with the aperture (i.e. has the same centre).

In embodiments the backboard comprises a middle portion, located between the upper and lower portions. The middle portion may have substantially straight edges.

In embodiments, the backboard has a stretched circle shape. That is, the upper and lower portions have substantially semi-circular edges and the middle portion has straight edges.

In embodiments, the backboard has a substantially elliptical shape. In embodiments, the backboard has a substantially oval shape Preferably the signalling unit has a casing, which casing houses the at least one light source. Suitably the backboard forms the front portion of the casing. Suitably a rear portion of the casing is tapered.

Preferably the signalling unit has a casing, which casing houses the at least one light source. Preferably the casing has a substantially circular cross section in a plane normal to the signal light output axis. Suitably the circular backboard forms the front portion of the casing Suitably a rear portion of the casing is tapered.

Preferably the railway signalling unit is substantially conical in shape, with the circular backboard forming the base of the cone. In embodiments the casing of the signalling unit provides the conical shape. A substantially conical signalling unit suitably makes the signalling unit less prone to movement by the wind (it has favourable aerodynamic properties), and reduces the windage. This is advantageous as the stability of the signalling unit and the railway signal is increased.

Furthermore, the substantially conical shape of the railway signalling unit may accommodate other signalling components in a cavity formed by the conical shape of the signalling unit. Examples of signalling components include but are not necessarily limited to a thermal regulatory unit, a cooling unit and circuitry.

In a twentieth aspect, there is provided a railway signal comprising the signalling unit defined above. Suitably the railway signal includes a post to which the signalling unit is attached.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal comprising a signalling unit having a casing and within the casing at least two types of signal module, the signalling unit being connected to a stabilising base portion, wherein the base portion is adapted to be placed on the ground such that the signalling unit is stabilised by the base portion.

The invention according to this aspect combines two useful features to give a railway signal that has no need for foundations to be laid and provides a signal that requires only a single sighting. The signalling unit and base portion may be as described herein, That is, the optional features of the other aspects also apply to this aspect.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal comprising a signalling unit and post, wherein the weight of the signalling unit and post is no more than 50kg, preferably no more than 30kg, more preferably no more than 25kg.

Suitably, such an arrangement permits the signalling unit and post to be moved by hand, preferably by a single engineer. This can significantly reduce the cost of installing and maintaining a railway signal.

Suitably the post is an aluminium post. Preferably the post is hollow, i.e. tubular.

Suitably the post is cylindrical. Preferably the wall thickness of the post is less than 20mm, preferably less than 15mm, more preferably less than 10 mm, and most preferably less than 8 mm. Suitably the wall thickness is in the range 2 mm to 8mm, preferably 2 mm to 7mm, more preferably 2.5 mm to 6.5 mm.

Suitably the outer diameter of the post is in the range 110 mm to 180 mm, preferably mm to 170 mm, more preferably 130 mm to 160 mm, more preferably 140 mm to mm and most preferably 145 mm to 155 mm. A particularly preferred diameter is in the range 150 mm to 155 mm. In one embodiment the outer diameter is about 152 mm.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides railway signal comprising a signalling unit and post, wherein the weight of the post is no more than 50kg, preferably no more than 30kg, more preferably no more than 25kg.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a use, in a railway signal, of a post weighing less than 50kg, preferably no more than 30kg, and more preferably no more than 25kg and most preferably no more than 15kg.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal having: a support member with upper and lower support member portions; a signalling unit attached to the upper support member portion; a stabilising base portion attached to the lower support member portion; and a protective barrier for protecting maintenance personnel, wherein the protective barrier is adjacent to the lower support member portion.

Suitably the railway signal comprises a signalling unit connected to a stabilising base portion, wherein the base portion is adapted to be placed on the ground such that the signalling unit is stabilised by the base portion.

Thus, suitably the railway signal is freestanding. That is, the freestanding railway signal is not fixed to the ground and does not require any other supporting structure.

Thus, the base portion provides integral stabilisation to the railway signal.

Suitably the signalling unit is connected to the base portion by a support member, which support member is preferably a post. Preferably the post is an aluminium post.

In embodiments comprising a post, the arrangement is analogous to conventional railway signals except that according to the present invention the stabilising base portion does the same job as the foundations, namely maintaining the post in a vertical position.

Thus, suitably the railway signal includes a post to which the signalling unit and base portion are connected. The signalling unit can be connected to the post in any of the known conventional ways, for example with a bolt.

The post can be connected to the base portion in any suitable way so as to maintain the post in a vertical orientation when the base portion is placed on the ground. Thus in embodiments the stabilising base portion maintains the post in a vertical orientation. In addition, the present inventors have devised particularly advantageous ways of connecting the base portion to the signalling unit and/or post, and these are discussed herein.

It follows that the stabilising base portion of the railway signal of the present invention maintains the signalling unit in the correct position, for example by use of a post as discussed above. In this way foundations are not required.

The avoidance of the requirement to lay foundations is advantageous because foundations require significant site preparation, including digging a hole, making the site accessible to heavy vehicles such as a cement lorry, and waiting for the concrete to set before the railway signal can be erected. The railway signal of the present invention does not require foundations. Thus, time and money can be saved by incorporating the stabilising base portion into a railway signal.

Preferably the base portion has a ground-engaging surface, which ground-engaging surface is the surface that is placed on the ground in use. Suitably this is substantially planar, although it may for example include a recess or channel for receiving the forks of a fork-lift truck so that the base portion can be moved easily.

Preferably the base portion has an upper surface, suitably opposite the ground-engaging surface, which upper surface is adapted for connection directly or indirectly (e.g. via a post) to the signalling unit.

Suitably the weight of the base portion is selected based on the windage of the signalling unit and so would depend on the signal configuration (e.g. size of and number of signalling units).

Preferably, the weight of the base portion is at least 200 kg, more preferably at least 500 kg, more preferably at least 750 kg, more preferably at least 850 kg, more preferably at least 950 kg and most preferably about 1000 kg. Whilst there is in principle no upper limit to the weight of the base portion, in practice it is desirable to avoid unnecessary weight and so a maximum weight of 2000kg, preferably 1500 kg and most preferably 1250 kg is preferred.

A base portion of appropriate weight significantly lowers the centre of gravity of the railway signal.

The base portion may be formed from solid material, such as concrete. Alternatively it may be formed from a free-flowing material held in a container, for example sand or water. Preferably, the base portion is made of concrete. Concrete is an inexpensive, durable and strong material. The material is easily set into any desired shape, for example by using a mould. Thus, suitably the base portion comprises a block, preferably a concrete block and more preferably a concrete block weighing at least 100kg.

In embodiments wherein the railway signal comprises a post, the base portion suitably extends from one end of the post. Preferably the base portion is wider and/or deeper than the diameter of the post.

Suitably, the width, depth and height of the base portion are selected so as to provide the desired stabilising effect (e.g. to hold a post upright). In embodiments, the width and depth of the base portion are selected so as to accommodate the moment created by the post and signalling unit.

Typically the width and/or depth is/are at least 0.5 metres, preferably at least 0.8 metres, more preferably at least 0.9 metres, and most preferably about 1 metre or more.

Suitably the width and/or depth is/are less than 3 metres, preferably less than 2 metres, more preferably less than about 1.5 metres, and most preferably less than about 1.3 metres.

A particularly preferred range is 0.5 to 2 metres, more preferably 0.8 to 1.5 metres and most preferably about 0.9 metres to 1.3 metres.

In embodiments the width and depth are substantially the same. For example, the base portion has a substantially square cross-section in a plane parallel to the ground.

Preferably, the height of the base portion is at least 0.5 metres, more preferably at least 0.8 metres, more preferably at least 0.9 metres, and most preferably at least about 1 metre. A suitable upper limit for the height is about 2 metres, preferably no more than 1.5 metres and preferably no more than 1.3 metres. A particularly preferred height is in the range 0.8 to 1.3 metres.

Suitably the depth (taken to be along the direction extending from the front to the back of the signalling unit, which is typically the direction in which the light output of the signal is directed) is larger than the width. Suitably the depth is at least 10% larger, preferably at least about 20% larger.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the base portion has a depth of about I metre, a width of about 1.2 metres and a height of about 1 metre.

Preferably the cross sectional area of the ground-engaging portion of the base portion (i.e. the "footprint") is at least 0.25 m2, preferably at least 0.5m2, preferably at least O.8m2 and most preferably at least 1m2.

Preferably, the base portion has a square or rectangular cross-section in a plane parallel to the ground. Suitably the base portion has a lower portion which has substantially vertical side walls (when the base portion is placed on the ground).

Preferably, the base portion has an upper portion, which upper portion suitably has sloping side walls. This suitably provides a tapered upper portion. Preferably the upper portion is pyramidal, typically being a truncated pyramid.

A shape of this sort maximises stability. If sloping walls are present, they may be easier to handle and install as compared to straight sided blocks. Providing sloping side walls can also make it easier to produce the base portion, particularly if concrete is used.

As is clear from the discussion herein, suitably the base portion is moveable. That is, the base portion, with or without the attached signalling unit, can be moved from one location to another and is not embedded or fixed to the ground. Indeed, if the railway signal needs to repositioned, for example because of a new track layout, the railway signal may be relocated easily. Typically, the base portion is moveable by a fork-lift truck, or other suitable vehicle. As no new foundations are required, the relocation of the railway signal is significantly cheaper than the conventional approach.

Preferably, the base portion is detachably connected to the signalling unit. An arrangement in which the base portion and signalling unit can be detached provides a number of advantages. For example, the base portion may be manufactured separately from the signalling unit and the two components can then be combined at the site of the railway signal. In addition, the signalling unit may be detached from the base portion in the event of relocation of the railway signal. This makes the relocation more convenient as the base portion will typically be heavier than the signalling unit, and so different relocation vehicles may be used for each component.

Typically, the base portion will be more robust, or at least less susceptible to damage, than the signalling unit. Therefore, detaching the signalling unit from the base portion during transport and relocation affords more tailored transport protection for each component.

Furthermore, the detachable connection allows signalling units to be easily replaced, if, for example, the current signalling unit has come to the end of its useful life, the unit is broken or if a different type of signalling unit is required.

Preferably, the base portion is reversibly connected to the signalling unit. The reversible connection between the base portion and the signalling portion allows convenient disassembly and assembly of the railway signal, for example as part of relocation or transportation.

In preferred arrangements, as discussed above, the railway signal includes a support member (preferably a post) which connects the signalling unit to the base portion. In such arrangements it is particularly preferred that the support member (preferably a post) is connected to the base portion as discussed above with reference to the signalling unit and base portion. Thus, suitably the support member (preferably a post) is reversibly connected to the base portion.

In embodiments, the base portion includes signalling unit connecting means, for example support member connecting means and preferably post connecting means.

The following discussion is made with reference to post connecting means, but applies mutatis mutandis to signalling unit connecting means. Suitably the post connecting means are adapted to reversibly receive the post. The post connecting means are preferably integral with or fixed to the base portion.

In a particularly preferred example, the post connecting means comprises a receptacle for receiving a correspondingly shaped post. Suitably the receptacle is substantially cylindrical, for receiving a cylindrical post.

Preferably, the railway signal comprises alignment means which permits adjustment (i.e. movement) of the signalling unit (and/or the post to which it is suitably attached) with respect to the base portion. Suitably, the alignment means is located between the signalling unit and the base portion. By providing alignment means between the base portion and the signalling unit, the signalling unit may be aligned without moving the base portion. Simplifying alignment in this way is a significant advantage because all signalling units must be sighted correctly as part of their installation on the rail network.

The correct sighting of a railway signal is vital so that a train driver has maximum visibility of the signal. There are strict regulations in the UK, Europe and elsewhere relating to sightings and visibility. The alignment means can provide sighting for the entire signalling unit, without having to sight individual signalling units. For example this can be achieved by aligning the post with respect to the base portion and suitably maintaining the signalling unit and post in a fixed orientation.

Accordingly, an advantage of the alignment means is that there is no need to provide an adjustable connection between the signalling unit and the post. Indeed, preferably the signalling unit is connected to the post so that its orientation with respect to the post is fixed.

More preferably, the alignment means is adapted to fit onto the base portion (and is fitted to the base portion in use). Alternatively, it is integral with the base portion.

This allows easy access to the alignment means, removing the need for an engineer to scale the railway signal to gain access to the signalling unit.

Preferably, the alignment means is an alignment unit. More preferably, the alignment unit comprises a rotatable member, preferably a rotatable plate. Suitably the rotatable member engages with one or more alignment members, which alignment members may be provided on the base portion. Suitable alignment members are elongate members extending from the base portion (e.g. bolts), which alignment members may be integral with or embedded in the base portion. In this way, the alignment unit allows rotation of the signalling unit relative to the base portion so that the signalling unit may orientated correctly.

Preferably, the alignment unit has one or more apertures for receiving part of a base portion or a signalling unit (for example, for receiving one or more alignment members as discussed above). More preferably, the or each aperture defines a guide path for guiding the position of the signalling unit in a limited range of orientations relative to the base portion. Thus, suitably the alignment means permits relative movement between the base portion and signalling unit but the extent of the movement is constrained. The guide path thereby allows convenient orientation of the signalling unit. More preferably, the apertures define circular guide paths for guiding the rotation of the signalling unit. For example, the guide paths can have the shape of an arc of a circle.

Suitably the alignment means is adapted to provide adjustment of the level of the signalling unit with respect to the base portion. In this way, even if the ground on which the base portion is placed is not level, it is possible to achieve a level signalling unit without having to scale the railway signal.

Preferably, the alignment means comprises locking means, for example a locking fixture, for locking the alignment means so that the signalling unit and base portion have a fixed orientation. It is important that when the signalling unit is in the correct orientation that the position is not changed. Therefore, the locking means ensures that the selected orientation is fixed, removing the requirement of an engineer to check the orientation of the railway signal. Suitably the locking means comprises a nut and corresponding threaded portion (e.g. a nut and bolt).

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a railway signal alignment unit adapted to be placed between a signalling unit and a base portion, such that the signalling unit may be aligned relative to the base portion.

The alignment unit may be used for aligning the signalling unit relative to the base portion. The alignment unit permits a single point of control of the orientation of the signalling unit.

Preferably, the alignment unit is adapted to fit onto the base portion or is integral with the base portion. This allows easy access to the alignment unit, removing the need for an engineer to scale the railway signal to gain access to the signalling unit.

Preferably the base portion includes a connector for connecting the railway signal to a source of electrical power and/or a cable that transmits signal operation information (e.g. relating to the state (on/off) of the signal).

Preferably, the base portion comprises vehicle engaging means adapted to engage with a vehicle suitable for transporting the base portion, either on its own or with the signalling unit to which it is connected to. For example, the vehicle engagement means can be an attachment loop or channel for receiving a lifting part of a vehicle (e.g. the fork of a fork-lift truck). In the case of the engaging means being an attachment loop, the loop may engage with, for example, a crane hook or a rope and pulley. In the case of the engaging means being a channel, preferably the channel is located in a lower portion of the base portion (e.g. in the ground-engaging surface of the base portion) to receive, for example, a fork of a fork-lift truck. The channel may extend across the entire lower portion of the base portion (e.g. across the entire ground-engaging surface) or a substantial portion thereof.

Thus, the loop or channel simplifies movement of the base portion by a suitable vehicle. In this way the base portion of the railway signal may be easily transported and positioned next to the rail track. Further, the base portion may be easily relocated.

Preferably, the railway signal has no ladder attached to it. A ladder may add weight to the upper portion of a railway signal, and may destabilise the railway signal by raising the centre of gravity. In embodiments, no ladder is attached to the railway signal because the railway signal unit only requires sighting once and/or sighting can be achieved without needing access to the signalling unit.

Suitably the signalling unit comprises one or more LED light sources. Thus, preferably the railway signal is an LED railway signal.

In embodiments, the stabilising base portion has particular features which permits it to be used in a modular fashion.

Suitably the base portion is a stackable stabilising base portion adapted to be placed on the ground such that the signalling unit is stabilised by the base portion, wherein the base portion has a protruding portion on an upper face to which the signalling unit is connected and a recessed portion on a lower face for receiving a protruding portion of a second base portion, such that the base portions are stackable.

In embodiments, base portions that may be stacked to provide a particularly stable base for the railway signal because of the interlocking/engaging function provided by the protruding and recessed portions. This reduces the risk of shippage between stacked base portions.

Not only can the base portions be stacked for convenience when in storage (e.g. when waiting to be used), but more than one base portion can be stacked together when in use with the railway signal. This allows the weight of the stabilising portion of the signal to be varied so that, for example, a user may select a number of bases to form the stabilising portion depending on e.g. the weight, height, centre of gravity and windage of the signalling unit.

Preferably, the railway signal includes two or more stackable base portions, the stackable base portions being stacked together.

Preferably, the stackable base portion comprises signalling unit connection means to, connect the stackable base portion to the signalling unit. Preferably, the signalling unit connection means comprises an aperture for receiving a bolt to attach the base portion to the signalling unit (typically via a post). Alternatively or additionally, the signalling unit connection means comprises a bolt integral in the base.

When the railway signal comprises two or more stackable bases, it is preferred that at least one stackable base has signalling unit connection means. Preferably, all the stackable bases have signalling unit connection means.

Preferably the base portion has: a body portion; and a plurality of ground-engaging protrusions extending from a ground-facing lower face of the body portion.

The present inventors have found that the provision of such ground-engaging portions can reduce the risk of movement of a base portion relative to the ground, for example, movement by high winds. Also, the ground-engaging portions can improve the provision of a level base portion.

Suitably the plurality of ground-engaging protrusions comprise a plurality of teeth, for example formed by a plurality of channels in the lower face.

Suitably the railway signal comprises a signalling unit having an LED light source, and a localised power source for powering the LED light source.

Thus, embodiments address the drawback of the conventional use of large runs of cable to deliver power to a railway signal.

The localised power source means any power source located within 50m of the railway signal, preferably within 20m, more preferably within lOm and most preferably within 5m. Thus the power source is associated with the railway signal, which is a different approach to conventional railway signals wherein the signal is connected to a central power supply network. The provision of a localised power source makes each railway signal self-sufficient.

The localised power source may be connected to the railway signal by cabling.

However, a railway signal with a localised power source removes the need for long runs of power cabling that extend from an electrical grid to each railway signal.

Cabling is expensive, and so there is a large cost saving associated with reducing the amount of cabling required to power railway signals. Furthermore, the cabling connecting the railway signal to the localised power source may be less heavyweight than conventional railway signal cabling. Less heavyweight cabling may be used as the distance that the power needs to be transmitted is reduced. Also, the cabling may be less heavyweight than conventional railway cabling because the power consumption of LED light sources is lower than conventional filament light sources.

Less heavyweight cabling is less expensive, and so further cabling costs are saved by using cabling that is less heavyweight than conventional railway signal cabling.

In particularly preferred arrangements the localised power source is attached directly to or is integral with the railway signal. For example, the power source may be mounted on or in the railway signal, In one embodiment the power source is located on or in a base portion of the railway signal, for example onan exterior surface of the base portion. In embodiments, the power source may be contained in or on an exterior surface of a housing or casing.

Preferably, the localised power source is a solar panel, wind turbine or a battery.

More preferably, the localised power source is a solar panel, most preferably in combination with a battery. The battery may be charged by the solar panel, and when power is not available from the solar panel, power for the signal may be provided by the battery.

Furthermore, railway signals that incorporate LED signals have a lower power requirement, typically less than 1 Watt. These power requirements may be achieved by a conventional battery (e.g. an array of batteries) or a solar panel, even in climates that have a low number of sunlight hours, such as the UK.

In embodiments, the power source may be contained in or on an exterior surface of a housing or casing. Preferably, the power source is integral with the railway signal, for example housed in or on an exterior surface of a base portion of the railway signal.

Suitably the signal includes signal control means for controlling the status of the signal in response to an input (e.g. an external message or instruction). Preferably the signal control means includes receiver means for receiving information (e.g. via radio transmission) relating to the status and operation of the signal (for example the aspect that should be illuminated). Suitably the control means also includes transmitter means for transmitting information (e.g. via radio transmission) relating to the status of the signal (for example which aspect is currently illuminated). Suitably the receiver means and/or transmitter means is/are a radio receiver and/or radio transmitter. Preferably the signal control means is powered by the localised power source.

In embodiments, the railway signal comprises a signalling unit having an LED light source, and a connector for connection to a localised power source for powering the LED light source. The connector may be a conventional connector for connecting to known power sources.

In embodiments, the railway signal comprises a signalling unit having an LED light source, and a power source for powering the LED, wherein that the power source is integral with the railway signal.

In embodiments, the railway signal comprises a signalling unit having an LED light source, and a power source for powering the LED, the power source being integral with the railway signal, wherein the signalling unit is connected to a stabilising base portion, the base portion being adapted to be placed on the ground such that the signalling unit is stabilised by the base portion.

Preferably the integral power source is located in or on the base portion.

In embodiments, the railway signal comprises a signalling unit having an LED light source, and a power source for powering the LED, the power source being integral with the railway signal, wherein the signalling unit is connected to a stabilising base portion, the weight of the stabilising base portion being at least 200kg.

Preferably, the weight of the base portion is at least 500kg. Preferably the integral power source is located in or on the base portion.

In embodiments, the railway signal includes a signalling unit comprising a casing and within the casing at least two types of signal module, at least one signal module having an LED light source, wherein the signal includes a localised power source.

In embodiments, the railway signal includes a signalling unit, the signalling unit comprising at least one LED light source and a circular backboard, wherein the signal includes a localised power source.

In embodiments, the railway signalling unit comprises a casing and within the casing at least two types of signal module, at least one signal module having an LED light source, wherein the signalling unit is adapted to be powered by a localised power source.

In embodiments, the railway signalling unit has at least one LED light source and a circular backboard, the signalling unit being adapted to be powered by a localised power source.

In a embodiments, the railway signal comprises a signalling unit having a casing and within the casing at least two types of signal module, the signalling unit being connected to a stabilising base portion, wherein the base portion is adapted to be placed on the ground such that the signalling unit is stabilised by the base portion, and a localised power source for powering at least part of the signalling unit.

Whilst the presence of an LED light source is specified in a number of the aspects, it is also envisaged that a railway signal be provided with a localised power source (e.g. an integral power source) in the case where the light source is not necessarily an LED light source. In particular, other light sources that have a low power consumption may be used.

Thus, in embodiments, the railway signal comprises a signalling unit and a localised power source for powering the signalling unit. Suitably the signalling unit has a power consumption of less than I Watt.

Any of the above aspects may be combined, as may the optional and preferred features.

In particular, further aspects are provided in respect of railway signals comprising signalling units defined herein and optionally a post (especially an aluminium post or an electrically non-conductive post) and optionally a base portion defined herein, especially a freestanding concrete base portion. In particular, the railway signals, signalling units and signal modules of the present invention are suitably LED railways signals1 LED signalling units and LED signal modules, In particular, the railway signals of the present invention suitably include a Jocalised power source as described herein. Preferably the railway signalling units of the present invention include a localised power source as described herein.

Preferably, the railway signalling units and signalling modules comprise light emitting units, preferably LED light emitting units, as described herein.

The invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying figures in which: Figure 1 shows a front view of a railway signal of the present invention; Figure 2 shows a side view of the base portion of the railway signal of Figure 1; Figure 3 shows an integral signalling unit of the present invention; Figure 4 shows a further integral signalling unit of the present invention; Figure 5 shows a front view of another railway signal of the present invention; Figure 6 shows a front view of a further railway signal of the present invention; Figure 7 shows perspective views of the front and rear of a railway enclosure of the present invention containing signal control means; Figure 8 shows a perspective view of a railway enclosure for housing rail network signal control means, a support member (post), quick release mechanism for releasing the support member and a universal connector; Figure 9 shows the action for the release of the post of Figure 8 from the support member retaining means of the quick release mechanism; Figure 10 shows a perspective view of another integral enclosure and quick release mechanism, illustrating mounting points in the enclosure for rail network signal control means and the door of the enclosure; Figure 11 shows a perspective view of a detachable wheeling device of the present invention attached to a railway enclosure and support member of the present invention; and Figure 12 shows a perspective view of a freestanding concrete signal base portion that can be used in signals of the present invention, and a front view of a number of such base portions aspect stacked together.

Embodiments and preferred features of various aspects of the present invention are shown in Figs. ito 12.

Figure 1 shows a railway signal I placed on the ground. The signal 1 has a base portion 2 and a signalling unit 3 connected by a post 4. The base portion 2 is a concrete block extending from the metal post 4. The signal has a rotatable plate 5 acting as an alignment means, with nut and bolt locking fixtures 6.

The signalling unit 3 has a multi-junction signal module 7 and a single or multi-aspect signal module 8. The signalling unit has a backboard 9 with apertures for the light emitting units of the signalling modules 7 and 8. The modules 7 and 8 are both within the same casing 10.

Fig. 2 shows base portion 2 in more detail. It is located on the ground. The base portion is a block made of concrete and around 1 m tall. The block is fitted with bolts adapted to receive the rotatable plate (alignment unit) 5. The block weighs in excess of 200 kg and rests on top of the ground. The block has been found to provide stability to the signal, even in high winds. Thus, there is no need for foundations and the associated significant ground work. Use of the concrete block, or an equivalent base portion, means that the railway signal is freestanding, with no connection to the ground.

Fig. 3 shows an integral signalling unit 2 of the present invention. The signalling unit has backboard 9 with apertures for exposing the different signal modules. The signalling unit has single junction signal module 11, a single or multi-aspect signal module 12, and an alphanumeric signal module 13. The different types of signal modules 11, 12 and 13 are all within the same casing 10. Casing 10 is made from an aluminium-polyethylene-aluminium laminate (Dibond, Alcon). The backboard of the signalling unit 2 is a single piece of laminate. An upper portion of the backboard associated with the junction signal module has a semicircular profile.

Fig. 4 shows a further integral signalling unit 2 of the present invention, with several signalling module types within the casing 10'. The signalling unit has a multi-junction signal module 7, a single or multi-aspect signal module 8, an alphanumeric signal module 13 and a position light signal module 14. The different types of signal modules are contained in the same casing 10'.

Fig. 5 shows a railway signal I placed on the ground. The signal is the same as that shown in Figure 1 except that the base portion is provided with a solar panel. Thus, the signal 1 has a base portion 2 and a signalling unit 3 connected by a post 4. The base portion 2 is a concrete block extending from the post 4. The signal has a rotatable plate 5 acting as an alignment means with nut and bolt locking fixtures 6.

The integral signalling unit 3 comprises a multi-junction signal module 7 and a single or multi-aspect colour signal module 8. The signalling unit has a backboard 9 with apertures for the light emitting units of signal modules 7 and 8. A solar panel 15 attached to the exterior surface of the base portion 2. The solar panel provides a localised power source. This embodiment is therefore a freestanding, locally powered railway signal comprising a plurality of different signal type (i.e. different signal module types) in a single casing, such that all of the signal modules can be aligned/sighted at the same time and wherein the curved (semicircular) and portions of the single-piece backboard provide excellent visibility and contrast to for train drivers, and good performance in high winds.

Fig 6. shows a railway signal 50 having a signalling unit 52 attached to a support portion and an integral enclosure 56 for accommodating signal control means (not shown). The support portion comprises a support member (post) 60 and a base portion 62.

The signalling unit has a circular backboard 64. The circular backboard 64 is particularly effective in reducing windage and provides excellent visibility and contrast for train drivers Nevertheless, other signalling units, such as those described herein, may be used. The signalling unit 52 is attached to support member 60 of the support portion. The support member in this embodiment is a post.

Although not shown, in this embodiment, the support member 60 is accommodated in a channel within the integral enclosure 56.

The integral enclosure has a panel 66 that opens to form a door so that the signalling control means inside may be accessed.

The enclosure unit includes an adjustment plate 68 located for engagement with the concrete base portion, so that the signal 50 can be adjusted relative to the ground.

The enclosure unit 56 is attached to the base portion by four nut and bolt locking fixtures 70 through apertures in the adjustment plate. The integral enclosure unit contains several types of signal control means, for example as discussed below with respect to Figure 7. These signal control means are conventionally located in a single box located some distance from the signal. By providing a signal with an integral enclosure for these components, there is no need for a separate box and the associated ground work and cabling. Furthermore, the components are readily and immediately accessible to a maintenance engineer and there is no doubt as to which of the signal control means is associated with a particular signal.

The base portion 62 is a concrete stabilising base portion adapted to be placed on the ground. The base portion 62 has a protruding upper portion 72 with an upper face to which the enclosure 56 is attached (via attachment plate 68).

Fig. 7a and 7b show an example of an integral enclosure unit 102 of the present invention. The enclosure unit has an enclosure (cabinet) 104, which is occupied by several signalling control means 106. The signalling control means are two train protection and warning system (TPWS) modules 108, a transformer 110, a data link module (DLM) 112, and a solid state interlocking (SSI) module 114. The enclosure unit may accommodate other signal control means and/or power source 116. A fuse may also be included in the enclosure.

The enclosure 104 also includes a channel or aperture 118 for accommodating a support member (post). The enclosure 104 therefore helps to support post in use.

Indeed, as discussed below, when the post is contained within the enclosure unit and the door is closed, the post is held securely in the correct vertical orientation.

The enclosure unit 102 also includes an adjustment platel22 acting as an attachment means for attachment to a base portion. The adjustment plate 122 is attached to the underside of the enclosure 104 and is used to attach the enclosure 104 to a base portion 124 through apertures in the adjustment platel22. As described herein, the adjustment plate 122 may also be used to adjust the position of the signalling unit relative to the base portion 124 and/or ground.

Fig. 7b shows the back side ofthe enclosure unit 102 of Fig. 7a. The enclosure unit has a back panel 126, which is removable to so that a user may access wiring of the signal control means 106 in the enclosure 104.

Fig. 8 shows an enclosure unit 150 with part of a support member (post) 152 held within enclosure 154. Support member retaining means 156 retains the post in use.

Electrical connector 158 within the enclosure permits simultaneous connection of all of the signal wires from the signal modules to the signal control electronics. The signal wires extend through the interior of the post in use and are therefore protected from the weather.

Like the embodiments discussed above, the enclosure unit 150 has an enclosure 154 and an adjustment plate 160, acting as an attachment means for attachment to a base portion. The enclosure unit further has a protective barrier 162 to provide protection for a user while accessing the enclosure 154. The protective barrier comprises a tubular bar extending in front of the enclosure on both sides of the enclosure so as to provide two side protection barriers, thereby defining a protected zone immediately in front of the enclosure.

In particular, the protective barrier 162 is a continuous metal tube 164 shaped to form the barrier 162. The tube 164 is attached at a first barrier attachment point 166 to the adjustment plate 160 on a first side of the enclosure. From the first attachment point 166, the tube 164 extends vertically before extending horizontally to a first front point about 2 meters from the enclosure 154. The tube 164 then extends back to the first side of the enclosure 154, round behind the enclosure 154 to the second side of the enclosure. The tube 164 then extends from a second side of the enclosure 154, opposite to the first side and further extends to a second front point about 2 meters from the enclosure 154. The tube 164 then loops back to the second side of the enclosure 154 and extends vertically back down to the adjustment plate 160 at a second attachment point (not shown).

The enclosure 154 further includes a support retaining means 156, shown in Figure 8 in the retaining configuration. The support member retaining means 156 comprises a docking portion 172 and a releasing portion 176. The docking portion 172 is attached to the enclosure base and forms a docking plate that is shaped to fit partially around the support member 152. That is, the docking plate partially encloses a lower portion of the post.

The releasing portion is a lever 176 having a first lever portion positioned within the enclosure 154 and a second lever portion positioned outside of the enclosure 154.

The support member 152 in the retaining configuration rests on the first lever portion inside the enclosure. The lever fulcrum is attached to the enclosure base. In other arrangements, the lever fulcrum may be outside the enclosure 154.

The enclosure 154 also has a post-receiving channel 184 for accommodating the post 152. The channel extends substantially vertically from an enclosure aperture 186 to the enclosure base 170. The enclosure aperture is adapted to engage with the post 152 and may form part of the support member retaining means 156.

To engage with the enclosure aperture 186, the post 152 has a collar 188 acting as engaging means. In the retaining configuration, the collar 188 sits within the enclosure aperture 186.

In this embodiment, the enclosure aperture 186 is circular with a squared neck. The width of the neck is slightly wider than the diameter of the post 152, so that in the releasing configuration, the support member 152 may pass through the squared neck of the enclosure aperture 186. The width of the neck is narrower than the diameter of the circular portion of the aperture 186.

The collar 188 on the post has a circular portion to fit the circular portion of the aperture 186 and a squared portion to fit the squared neck of the aperture 186. In the retaining configuration, the circular portion of the collar 188 is wider than the squared neck of the aperture 186. This restricts the movement of the post 152 and prevents the post from passing through the neck when the collar is engaged in the aperture. The squared portion of the collar 188 interlocks with the squared neck to prevent rotational movement about the post 152 elongate axis.

Thus, the collar 188, when engaged with the aperture, limits the movement of the post 152 relative to the enclosure 154 (acting as a support member retaining means) in two perpendicular axes.

In addition, the support member (post) includes a lock ring 190. The lock ring 190 is screwed down on the enclosure 154 and thus locks the support member 152 to the enclosure 154. This has the effect of locking the collar 188 into engagement with the aperture. The lock ring also limits unintentional vertical movement of the support member 152.

Fig. 8 also shows a "universal" electrical connector 158 attached to a number of signal wires, the wires extending up through the interior of the post and being connected to a signalling unit 194, for example of the type shown in any one of figures 3, 4 5 or 6.

Fig. 9 shows the support member retaining means 156 in the release configuration.

A user has depressed the second lever portion 180 (pedal) as indicated by the arrow which has lifted the first lever portion 178 from the enclosure base 170. The post 152 resting on the first lever portion 178 is also lifted, which in turn lifts the collar 188 from the enclosure aperture 186 when the lock ring 190 is loosened. The post 152 is then no held by the enclosure 154 and, when the front panel/door of the enclosure is opened or removed, may be released from the enclosure.

Figs 1 OA and I OB show another variant of the integral enclosure unit and quick release mechanism. Enclosure unit 400 comprises a compartment 402 in which signal control means can be mounted. Suitable mounting points 404 are provided.

Adjacent the compartment 402 is the post-receiving portion 406, which is shaped to accommodate elongate cylindrical post 408. The base of the post is accommodated in a docking portion. The post-receiving portion 406 includes a level mounted at the based of the enclosure unit and comprises a pedal 410, fulcrum and lower portion (not shown) that lifts the post from the base of the enclosure unit and out of the docking portion.

The post, like the post shown in Figures 8 and 9, has a collar 412 and lock ring 414, the collar being reversibly engagable with the collar-receiving aperture 416 in the top of the enclosure unit.

Additional support and "locking' of the post in the retaining configuration is provided by door 418 when it is closed, as show in Fig. lOB. Door handle 420 is lockable in the closed position to prevent unauthorised access to the signal control electronics and/or movement of the post.

Protection bar 422 defines a protection zone 424 in front of the enclosure unit.

Fig. 11 shows an enclosure unit 252 with a transporter 254 attached to it. The enclosure unit has an enclosure 256 and an adjustment plate 258.

The transporter 254 has two wheels 260 attached to an axle 262. The axle 262 is attached to a lower plate engaging member 264. The lower plate engaging member 264 is attached to an upper plate engaging member 266 by a engaging member spacer 268, which spaces the upper 266 and lower 264 plate engaging members apart to accommodate the adjustment plate 258 of the enclosure unit.

The transporter 254 also has two pins 270 attached to the lower plate engaging member 264 by chains 272. The pins 270 act as retaining means for retaining the adjustment plate 258 between the upper 266 and lower 264 plate engaging members.

Thus, when the transporter 254 is attached to the enclosure unit 252, the enclosure unit 252 may be easily moved to a desired location by tilting and wheeling the transporter using safety bar 500 as a handling in "wheel barrow" fashion.

Fig 13 a shows a concrete stackable base portion 302 for use in the signals of the present invention, for example as an alternative to the base portions shown in Figs. 1 and 5. The stackable base portion has a protruding portion 304 with an upper face 306. The upper face has four apertures 308 for receiving nut and bolt locking fixtures 310 thus acting as a connection means for an attachment plate of the sort shown in Figs 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. A further aperture 312 on the upper face is for receiving wires and cabling from the signal to the rail network.

The stackable base portion 302 has a recess 314 on a lower face for receiving the protruding portion of a second base portion so that they can be stacked.

Fig. 13b shows four stackable base portions 302 stacked together. The protruding upper portion 304 of the bottom three stackable base portions are received in the recess 314 of the stackable base portions 302 stacked above.

Claims

CLAIMS: 1. A railway signal having a signalling unit, a support portion to which the signalling unit is attached, and an enclosure unit for accommodating signal control means, wherein the enclosure unit is attached to the support portion.
2. A railway signal according to claim 1, wherein the enclosure unit comprises signal control means selected from a train protection and/or warning device; a data processing device, a data transfer device; an interlocking device; a transformer; and a power supply device.
3. A railway signal according to claim 2, wherein the signal control means are selected from a train protection and warning system (TPWS) module, a transformer, a data link module (DLM), a solid state interlocking (SSI) module and a power source.
4. A railway signal according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the enclosure unit comprises access means that permit access to the inside of the enclosure and hence the signal control means.
5. A railway signal according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support member is a post and the support portion includes a base portion selected from a freestanding concrete base and foundations, and wherein the enclosure unit is attached to the post and also to the base portion.
6. A railway signal according to claim 5, wherein the enclosure unit includes post receiving means, which post receiving means accommodate the post at least partially within the enclosure unit.
7. A railway signal according to claim 6, wherein the post receiving means comprises an aperture and/or a channel for accommodating the post.
8. A railway signal according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the enclosure unit includes a protective barrier extending from a main body of the enclosure unit to define a protected area, for protecting personnel working at the enclosure unit.
9. A railway signal according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a bottom portion of the enclosure comprises alignment means for alignment of the enclosure unit with respect to a base portion.
10. A railway signal having a signalling unit attached to a support member, a base portion for stabilising the support member, and support member retaining means attached to the base portion for releasably attaching the support member to the base portion, the support member retaining means being adjustable between a retaining configuration in which the support member is attached to the base portion and a release configuration in which the support member can be separated from the base portion.
11. A railway signal enclosure unit for use with a railway signal according to the any one of claims 1 to 9, the enclosure unit having an enclosure for accommodating signal control means, and at least one wheel for moving the enclosure unit to a desired location.
12. A railway signal enclosure unit transporter for moving a railway signal enclosure unit to a desired location, the enclosure unit having an attachment plate for attaching the enclosure unit to a railway signal base portion, the transporter having a plate engaging portion with upper and lower plate engaging members spaced apart to accommodate the attachment plate, retaining means for retaining the attachment plate between the upper and lower plate engaging members, and at least one wheel connected to the plate engaging portion.
13. A railway signal having a signalling unit connected to a post, wherein the post is electrically non-conductive.
14. A railway signal according to claim 13, wherein the post comprises a composite plastics material.
15. A railway signal having a signalling unit connected to a post, wherein the post is electrically non-conductive and the post and signalling unit together weigh 25kg or less.
16. A railway signal having a signalling unit comprising at least one light emitting unit, a support member, and a base portion, wherein the signalling unit is connected to an upper portion of the support member and a lower portion of the support member is connected to the base portion, and wherein the railway signal further comprises at least one signal wire for carrying either one or both of a control signal and electrical power between the light emitting unit and rail network signal control means; and wherein the at least one signal wire comprises a first end connected to the light emitting unit and a second end connected to an electrical connector for connection to the rail network signal control means, the or each signal wire extending from the light emitting unit to the lower portion of the support member or the base portion, such that the electrical connector is associated with the lower portion of the support member or the base portion.
17. A railway signal having a signalling unit comprising at least one light emitting unit, at least two signal wires extending from the signalling unit for carrying either one or both of a control signal and electrical power between the light emitting unit and rail network signal control means, and an electrical connector to which each of the at least two signal wires is connected, the connector being adapted to be releasably connected to the rail network signal control means, such that all of the signal wires can be connected to or disconnected from the rail network signal control means simultaneously.
18. A railway signal having a railway signalling unit comprising a casing and within the casing at least two types of signal module.
19. A railway signal according to claim 18, wherein the two types of signal module are selected from: single aspect colour light signals, multi-aspect colour light signals, junction signals (junction indicators), multi-junction signals, position light signals, tunnel signals, banner signals, banner repeating signals, semaphore lamp signals, shunting signals, subsidiary signals, route indicator signals, alphanumeric signals, railway level crossing signals, stop light signals, drivers crossing indicator signals, points indicator signals, and line side status indicator signals.