GB2468029A - Hydrophilic conductive resin - Google Patents
Hydrophilic conductive resin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2468029A GB2468029A GB1002664A GB201002664A GB2468029A GB 2468029 A GB2468029 A GB 2468029A GB 1002664 A GB1002664 A GB 1002664A GB 201002664 A GB201002664 A GB 201002664A GB 2468029 A GB2468029 A GB 2468029A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- hydrophilic
- conductive resin
- conductive
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- UACSZOWTRIJIFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical group CC(=C)C(=O)OCO UACSZOWTRIJIFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMFAFDNDZNWVLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CN1CCCC1=O QMFAFDNDZNWVLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0221—Organic resins; Organic polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8626—Porous electrodes characterised by the form
- H01M4/8631—Bipolar electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0226—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
A composition comprises an electrically-conductive resin and a hydrophilic material. Compositions of the invention are useful as end plates in electrochemical cells and in seals. The hydrophilic component is preferably hydroxymethyl methacrylate and the conductive resin contains graphite.
Description
Hydrophilic Conductive Resin
Field of the Invention:
This invention relates to improvements in electrically-conductive resins.
Back round of the Invention Resins can be inherently conductive, or non-conductive materials can be made conductive by mixing with electronically conductive materials such as graphite, metal powders, plasticisers and reinforcers. Conductive resins are well known, and have many applications.
An electrically-conductive resin can be made in thin sheets, extruded into solid blocks or moulded into any other shape. With appropriate resin or resin and filler selection, materials can be made which are chemically inert and do not corrode.
Typical conductivities of such commercially available materials are in the region of 2 x iü S/m to 10 x S/rn.
Conductive resins are of particular interest in carbon composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and direct methanol (DM) fuel cells. The bipolar plates account for up to 30% of the cost of a PEM fuel cell stack. End plates interconnect individual cells and provide connections to the outside world. Bipolar plates have to conduct electricity, keep the reaction gases separated and channel away water and heat from the reaction. Water control is very important in PEM and DM cells. However, the conductivity must not be compromised. Also, water control often requires significant balance of plant.
Early plates were made from graphite, which performs the function well but, as it is a machine component, it is expensive for significant scale-up. Metal plates have also been used, but these have to be passivated to avoid corrosion issues and the poisoning of the fuel cell catalyst. This passivation processes adds significant costs to the metal plates. However, the use of conductive resins or non-conductive resins that are made conductive via the use of a filler allows the industry to focus on mouldable carbon composite plates.
Summary of the Invention
The invention is based on the finding that hydrophilic materials can be added to conductive resins to give advantageous properties, such as the ability to control conductivity and water-permeability. This is beneficial in many applications.
According to a first aspect, the present invention is a composition comprising an electrically-conductive resin and a hydrophilic material.
According to a second aspect, the invention is a conductive end-plate for an electrochemical cell, comprising a composition as defined above.
According to a third aspect, the invention is an electrochemical cell comprising an end-plate as defined above.
According to a fourth aspect, the invention is a seal comprising a composition as defined above.
Description of preferred embodiments
The hydrophilic material preferably comprises a hydrophilic polymer. The hydrophilic material is preferably in the form of granules or fibres. More preferably, it is in the form of fibres. The fibres may be polymer fibres. These are added to a conductive resin or resin/filler materials. The fibres may be incorporated randomly but they are preferably directed to allow hydrophilic channels in an otherwise non-hydrophilic material, i.e. the conductive resin or resin/filler materials. Directed fibres may be positioned throughout the material or in specific locations. They may be directed horizontally or vertically or a combination of both. Such materials are useful in a number of applications, which are well known to the skilled person.
The hydrophilic material can be a hydrophilic polymer. Preferably the polymer is cross-linked. Examples of suitable polymers are those formed from acrylonitrile-vinyl pyrrolidone (AN-VP), hyd roxyethyl methacrylate (H EMA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA).
In a preferred embodiment, a composition of the invention is useful in an electrochemical cell such as a fuel cell. Preferably, the composition is used in cells where hydration control is important. This may enable a significant reduction in balance of plant. The use of hydrophilic conductive cell plates (monopolar or bipolar) may enable the manifolding to hydrate or dry zones, as appropriate. In fuel cell manifolding, it could allow hydration control by hydrating gases in dry areas (typically inlets of un-hydrated gases) or remove water in areas which may be prone to flooding.
A composition according to the invention, or an end-plate according to the invention may be used to control hydration and/or conductivity, e.g. of a fuel cell or electrolyser, or expansion properties. A composition of the invention may be used to control expansion properties, e.g. in a seal, preferably in an anti-static seal.
Preferably complete plates are made using a composition of the invention. Alternatively, a composition of the invention could be used to form hydrophilic plate inserts designed to fit inside a more conventional moulded (or machined) plate.
Additional benefits arise due to the fact that hydrophilic materials may be softer than conventional end-plate materials, and deform slightly (i.e. they are mouldable) when pressed against the membrane, reducing the likelihood of damage to thin membrane materials from any edges in the cell or flow fields.
Other applications which would benefit from hydrophilic conductive properties are antistatic seals. The hydrophilic nature of the material may allow a seal to expand and become tight in situ, whist its ability to retain its conductive nature despite expansion, would mean its antistatic properties are retained.
The invention is illustrated by the following Example.
Example
An electrically-conductive hydrophilic material was made by the following method.
Material 1: 5 grams of hydroxyethyl methacrylate was added to 5 grams of divinylbenzene. 22 grams of dichloromethane was then added with 0.2 g of a thermal initiator (azoisobutyronitrile). This was stirred with the monomer mixture until it had gone into solution after which 23.3 grams of graphite powder was added and mixed using a spatula. The mixture was covered in parafilm and the solvent allowed to evaporate off overnight. The dry powder was then placed into a bag and heat sealed into position. The filled bag was placed into a jig with the top plate torque down to 4 Nm and placed in the 70°C oven overnight.
The material as made (zero water content) had a conductivity of 1.6 x 1 ü S/rn.
After hydrating in water at 60°C for 4 hours, the water content was approximately 1.5% and the conductivity was 1.29 x 1 ü S/rn.
Claims (15)
- CLAIMS1. A composition comprising an electrically-conductive resin and a hydrophilic material.
- 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic material comprises a hydrophilic polymer.
- 3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the polymer is cross-linked.
- 4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic material is in the form of granules.
- 5. A composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hydrophilic material is in the form of fibres.
- 6. A composition according to claim 5, wherein the fibres are incorporated into the electrically-conductive resin, such that they form one or more channels for a liquid.
- 7. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the electrically-conductive resin comprises a carbon composite or graphite.
- 8. A conductive end-plate for an electrochemical cell, comprising a composition according to any preceding claim.
- 9. An electrochemical cell comprising an end-plate according to claim 8.
- 10. An electrochemical cell according to claim 9, which is an electrolyser or a fuel cell.
- 11. A seal comprising a composition according to any of claims I to 7.
- 12. Use of a composition according to any of claims 1 to 7, to control the expansion properties of a device.
- 13. Use according to claim 12, wherein the device is a seal.
- 14. Use of a composition or end-plate according to any of claims 1 to 8 to control the hydration and/or conductivity of a device.
- 15. Use according to claim 14, wherein the device is an electrochemical cell.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0902580.0A GB0902580D0 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2009-02-17 | Hydrophillic conductive resin |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201002664D0 GB201002664D0 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
| GB2468029A true GB2468029A (en) | 2010-08-25 |
Family
ID=40548281
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0902580.0A Ceased GB0902580D0 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2009-02-17 | Hydrophillic conductive resin |
| GB1002664A Withdrawn GB2468029A (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-02-17 | Hydrophilic conductive resin |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0902580.0A Ceased GB0902580D0 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2009-02-17 | Hydrophillic conductive resin |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB0902580D0 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050036020A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-02-17 | Huawen Li | Electrochemical sensor ink compositions, electrodes, and uses thereof |
| WO2006016670A1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2006-02-16 | Showa Denko K.K. | Antistatic agent, antistatic film and product coated with antistatic film |
| US20060263670A1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2006-11-23 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Fuel cell bipolar plate |
| US20070099090A1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Jae Seung Oh | Secondary battery comprising eutectic mixture and preparation method thereof |
| WO2008075812A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Cheil Industries Inc. | Hydrophilic carbon black aggregate, its preparation process, hydrophilic composite material and bipolarplate for fuel cell comprising it |
-
2009
- 2009-02-17 GB GBGB0902580.0A patent/GB0902580D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-02-17 GB GB1002664A patent/GB2468029A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050036020A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-02-17 | Huawen Li | Electrochemical sensor ink compositions, electrodes, and uses thereof |
| WO2006016670A1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2006-02-16 | Showa Denko K.K. | Antistatic agent, antistatic film and product coated with antistatic film |
| US20060263670A1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2006-11-23 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Fuel cell bipolar plate |
| US20070099090A1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Jae Seung Oh | Secondary battery comprising eutectic mixture and preparation method thereof |
| WO2008075812A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Cheil Industries Inc. | Hydrophilic carbon black aggregate, its preparation process, hydrophilic composite material and bipolarplate for fuel cell comprising it |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201002664D0 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
| GB0902580D0 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |