GB2441589A - Heat treatment method for composite textiles - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for composite textiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2441589A GB2441589A GB0617613A GB0617613A GB2441589A GB 2441589 A GB2441589 A GB 2441589A GB 0617613 A GB0617613 A GB 0617613A GB 0617613 A GB0617613 A GB 0617613A GB 2441589 A GB2441589 A GB 2441589A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- composite structure
- heated
- composite
- shape
- metal wire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004879 dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012781 shape memory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
- D03D1/0088—Fabrics having an electronic function
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/60—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the warp or weft elements other than yarns or threads
- D03D15/67—Metal wires
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D9/00—Open-work fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/02—Cotton
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/046—Shape recovering or form memory
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
A composite comprising strands of yarn 4 interleaved with metal wires is thermally processed to produce a desired shape in a flexible composite. The yarn may be synthetic or derived from animal or plant, and the metal wire consists of shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy wire has electrical power applied to it at terminals 1, 2 and so is heated by electrical resistance heating using direct or alternating current to impart a recoverable memory shape. The power is preferably delivered as a pulse via an interrupted or capacitor discharge supply. The composite is preferably heated while formed into a desired shape and immersed in a cooling liquid which prevents heat transfer and consequential damage to the yarn. The liquid preferably comprises water or silicone oil, or alcohol. The wire is preferably heated to 400 to 600 degrees Celsius in a short burst lasting milliseconds. The composite may be woven or knitted.
Description
A Heat Treatment Method for Composite Textiles
Specification.
The properties of binary, tertiary and quaternary shape memory alloys have been extensively descnbed in the literature. These materials have two essential properties: thermally induced shape recovery and elastic recovery, these dual effects are generally as a consequence of shape recovery after mechanical deformation and prior to heat treatment, to induce a desirable shape.
Appropriately sized shape memory alloys, having either of the said properties are able to be integrated with naturally occurring or synthetically derived yarns or filaments, using weaving or knitting techniques to produce a composite structure exhibiting a shape, determined by appropriate treatment of the shape memory alloy component.
Many types of yarn or fibrous materials, commonly used for clothing, apparel or other diverse industrial applications can be integrated with shape memory materials"2.
Yarns or fibres derived from animal species, plant minerals or man made, synthetic materials are candidates for weaving or knitting in combination with shape memory alloys. A combination of one or more yarns or fibres, integrated with shape memory alloy is described as a composite. Equally and well described in the literature, composites using shape memory alloy are variously titled, "smart composites" or
I
"smart textiles" as they are able to adjust certain features of the composite structure by the application of heat or relaxation or removal of mechanical deformation forces.
Shape memory alloys are arranged to recover a shape by heat treatment methods.
These methods have been extensively described in the literature and consist of constraining the alloy in a required shape, heating within a range of temperatures from approximately four hundred to six hundred degrees Celsius, ensuring that the temperature is evenly distributed throughout the metal alloy. The choice of temperature influences certain physical characteristics of the alloy, such as transition point (temperature at which memory is recovered), stress relief and strain induction parameters. Consequent to reaching a preferred temperature, the alloy is then rapidly cooled to ambient temperature.
A composite made from shape memory alloy and any commonly available textile cannot be heated to the range of temperatures using ovens, salt bath furnaces or other industrial heating means, as the textiles are not able withstand such temperatures and irreparable damage will occur.
A method of heat treating shape memory, intimately associated yams or fibres in a composite textile has been devised that does not appear to cause damage to the textile.
Electrical resistance heating of the shape memory alloy is employed to raise the temperature to an appropriate level, using a fluid heat-sink, preferably water. Other fluid with sufficient specific heat properties may also be used.
A weaving or knitting machine is fed with two filaments, for example of cotton and shape memory alloy wire, to form a planar sheet composite. The shape memory alloy has two terminal ends exposed. One end is connected to one pole of an electrical supply, the other end to the opposite pole. The electrical supply can be derived from an alternating or direct current source. If the required shape of the planar composite is for example, a tubular form, the planar sheet is wrapped around and constrained on a cylindrical former. The cylindrical former with constrained composite and electrical connections, is placed under water and sufficient current is applied to raise the temperature of the shape memory alloy to, for example 425 degrees Celsius. Ideally the current is applied as a burst of electrical energy to prevent thermal transfer from shape memory alloy to yarn, in a short period of time. For example, a nickel-titanium, equi-atomic shape memory alloy wire, 0.08 millimetre diameter can be heated in -10 milliseconds. The surrounding water forms a barrier between the metal and yarn, heating to 425 degrees Celsius for the sub-second period, does not allow high temperatures to transfer to the more thermally sensitive fibres.
The cooling media, preventing excess heat transfer to the textile is preferably water: other liquids such as ethyl or methyl alcohol or silicone oils may also be employed.
However, water should be de-ionised to prevent electrolytic effects from occurring as the electrical pathway through shape memory alloy has to be exposed to the water and the positive and negative poles of the electrical supply, are also exposed to the surrounding water.
Electrical power used to raise temperature of shape memory alloy will depend upon the resistance of the alloy, cooling water temperature and mass. Voltages in the range 12V to 1200V to allow the passage of current up to 5 amps would be suitable to raise the temperature of shape memory alloys with a cross section, of up to 0.95 mm2.
with a length of up to 4.2meters. Equally, nickel-titanium shape memory alloy with a larger cross-section may benefit from resistance heating if the length of the alloy is reduced. However, if electrical power is sustained for more than a few seconds, there is potential to form a gaseous envelope of super heated steam around the shape memory alloy: this insulates the wire from the surrounding water and reduces the temperature differential between water and alloy, leading to a rapid rise in temperature to above the melting point of the metal. Therefore, a means to facilitate electrical resistance heating in a short time period is required. This may be accomplished by capacitive discharge or by rapid, high current switching methods, electronically or mechanically arranged. A suitable transistor used as a switch or an electromagnetically actuated switch with an electronic timer are able to turn current on or off in a suitable time period.
A shape may be formed in a planar woven or knitted structure, consisting, preferably of nickel titanium shape memory alloy and commonly used yarns, fibres, cords or rope, in the form of a textile. Shape memory alloy integrated within a composite is heated by electrical resistance means. To protect the yarns or fibres from thermal damage caused by the heating processes, the composite assembly is placed in a liquid bath, preferably distilled, de-ionised water and electrical energy, sufficient to raise the metal alloy temperature within the range 400 to 600 degrees Celsius or composite.
Following, by way of example, are drawings, Fig 1, 2 and 3. and descriptions regarding the present subject of this application.
Fig 1.
Showing the general arrangement of a yarn or fibre, intermeshed in the form of a 1. A shape memory alloy filament, terminal for connection to one pole of an electrical supply 2. A shape memory alloy filament, terminal for connection to another pole of an electrical supply.
3. Shows an intermeshed shape memory alloy filament, comprising a textile composite.
4. Shows yarn or fibre, naturally derived or synthetic as a second material comprising a textile composit Fig.2 Shows an electrical circuit diagram to impart electrical energy to resistively heat a metal alloy filament 1. A switch arrangement with a timer to turn power on or off, controlling resistive heating time in a metal alloy filament 2. One electrical terminal to connect to a metal alloy filament within a textile composite.
3. A second electrical terminal to connect to a metal alloy filament within a textile composite.
4. A suitable battery power supply to facilitate electrical resistive heating in a textile composite Fig.3 Shows an alternative electrical circuit diagram to impart electrical energy to resistively heat a metal alloy filament 1. A timer and switch arrangement to turn electrical power on or off to resistively heat a metal alloy filament 2. One electrical terminal to connect to a metal alloy filament within a textile composite.
3. A second electrical terminal to connect to a metal alloy filament within a textile composite 4. A capacitor to store electrical energy, charged by battery (6) and discharged by switch and timer arrangement (1) 5. A switch to charge capacitor (4) 6. A suitable battery power supply to facilitate electrical resistive heating in a textile composite
References, as indicated in specification
1. (WO 2005/045112) CONTROLLABLE SURFACE AREA FABRIC Koninkujke Philips Electronics N.y 2. WO 2006/002439 Al Boston Scientific, Scimed
Claims (12)
- Claims 1 A thermal processing method to produce a desirable shape in aflexible composite structure consisting of strands of yam interleaved with metal wires.
- 2 A composite structure as claimed in claim I where the yam is derived from animal or plant fibrous material.
- 3. A composite structure as claimed in claim 1 and 2 where the metal wire consists of shape memory alloy.
- 4 A composite structure as claimed in claim 3 that formed into a desired shape, the metal wire being suitably heated to impart a recoverable memory of such shape.
- 5. A composite structure as claimed in claim 4 that is heated by electrical resistance heating using alternating or direct current.
- 6. A composite structure as claimed in claim 4 that utilises interrupted or capacitor discharge electrical supply to effect a means of heating.
- 7. A composite structure as claimed in all preceding claims that is formed into a desired shape whilst immersed in a cooling liquid consisting of water or hydrocarbon oil or silicone oil or alcohol having a resistance to the pathway of electrical current, greater than the electrical resistance of the heated metal wire.
- 8. A composite structure, according to claim 5, whose metal part is heated to temperatures between 400 degrees Celsius to 600 degrees Celsius
- 9. A composite structure as claimed in claim 8 whose temperature rise to a desired point is limited to no more than 500 milliseconds.
- 10. A composite structure, as claimed in claim 7, 8, 9 and 10, is cooled in a liquid bath containing a means to agitate the cooling media by mean of an oscillating or rotating impellor.
- 11. A composite structure as claimed in claim 10 is cooled by liquid flow, effected by circulating the cooling media by means of a suitable liquid pump.
- 12. A composite structure as claimed in claim 3 where the metal wire section is round, square, rectangular or oval. (p 0.Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 1 A thermal processing method to produce a desirable shape in a flexible composite structure consisting of stmnds of yam interleaved with shape memory alloy wires.2 A composite structure as claimed in claim I where the yam is derived from animal or plant fibrous material.3 A composite structure as claimed in claim 1 and 2 where a yarn is derived from synthetic materials.4 A composite structure as claimed in claim 1 whose shape memory alloy wire is heated by electrical resistance heating using alternating or direct current.A composite structure as claimed in claim 4 that utilises interrupted or capacitor discharge electrical supply to effect a means of heating.6 A composite structure as claimed in all preceding claims that is formed into a *. desired shape whilst immersed in a cooling liquid consisting of water or hydrocarbon oil or silicone oil or alcohol having a resistance to the pathway of electrical current, greater than the electrical resistance of the heated metal wire.* : 7 A composite structure, according to claim 4, whose metal part is heated to temperatures between 400 degrees Celsius to 600 degrees Celsius 8 A composite structure as claimed in claim 7 whose temperature rise is limited to no more than 500 milliseconds.S ** 9 A composite structure, as claimed in all preceding claims, is cooled in a liquid bath containing a means to agitate the cooling media by mean of an oscillating or rotating impellor.A composite structure as claimed in claim 10 is cooled by liquid flow, effected by circulating the cooling media by means of a suitable liquid pump.11 A composite structure as claimed in claim 3 where the metal wire section is round, square, rectangular or oval.I12 A composite structure as claimed in claim 12, the metal wire has a maximum cross-sectional dimension between 0.025mm to 1.5mm.13 A composite structure according to all preceding claims that is genelated by weaving or knitting or other interleaving method. * ** *. * * ** *** * * ******* * * ** ..* * *SS..... S *
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0617613A GB2441589A (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2006-09-05 | Heat treatment method for composite textiles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0617613A GB2441589A (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2006-09-05 | Heat treatment method for composite textiles |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0617613D0 GB0617613D0 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
| GB2441589A true GB2441589A (en) | 2008-03-12 |
Family
ID=37232520
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0617613A Withdrawn GB2441589A (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2006-09-05 | Heat treatment method for composite textiles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2441589A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010127646A2 (en) | 2009-05-04 | 2010-11-11 | Institute Of Physics As Cr, V. V. I. | A method of heat treatment and/or inspection of functional mechanical properties, particularly transformation strain and/or strength, of shape memory alloy filaments and apparatus for the application of this method |
| WO2015038599A1 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-19 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Controllable compression textiles using shape memory alloys and associated products |
| CN104532441A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-04-22 | 苏州威尔德工贸有限公司 | Production method of shape memory cotton fabric |
| US10828221B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2020-11-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Wearable, self-locking shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator cartridge |
| WO2022074203A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 | 2022-04-14 | Nano Textile Solutions Ab | Size-adjustable woven fabric, wearable item and methods of resizing a fabric |
| US20250059687A1 (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2025-02-20 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Knot-architectured fabric actuator and application using the same |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2584744A1 (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-16 | Gallant Rubans | New fabric, process for producing it and its uses especially for headwear |
| EP0758693A1 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-02-19 | BUCK, Alfred | Semi-finished product for composite material |
| WO1999039646A1 (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 1999-08-12 | Aga Medical Corp. | Percutaneous catheter directed constricting occlusion device |
| WO2003029541A1 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-10 | Xtreme Fibers, Inc. | Moldable high performance nonwoven, woven, and knit forms |
| EP1516936A1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2005-03-23 | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | Extremely fine shape memory alloy wire, composite material thereof and process for producing the same |
-
2006
- 2006-09-05 GB GB0617613A patent/GB2441589A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2584744A1 (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-16 | Gallant Rubans | New fabric, process for producing it and its uses especially for headwear |
| EP0758693A1 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-02-19 | BUCK, Alfred | Semi-finished product for composite material |
| WO1999039646A1 (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 1999-08-12 | Aga Medical Corp. | Percutaneous catheter directed constricting occlusion device |
| WO2003029541A1 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-10 | Xtreme Fibers, Inc. | Moldable high performance nonwoven, woven, and knit forms |
| EP1516936A1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2005-03-23 | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | Extremely fine shape memory alloy wire, composite material thereof and process for producing the same |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010127646A2 (en) | 2009-05-04 | 2010-11-11 | Institute Of Physics As Cr, V. V. I. | A method of heat treatment and/or inspection of functional mechanical properties, particularly transformation strain and/or strength, of shape memory alloy filaments and apparatus for the application of this method |
| WO2015038599A1 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-19 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Controllable compression textiles using shape memory alloys and associated products |
| EP3043668A4 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2017-08-16 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Controllable compression textiles using shape memory alloys and associated products |
| CN104532441A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-04-22 | 苏州威尔德工贸有限公司 | Production method of shape memory cotton fabric |
| CN104532441B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-11-30 | 东莞市联洲知识产权运营管理有限公司 | A kind of production method of the bafta of shape memory |
| US10828221B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2020-11-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Wearable, self-locking shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator cartridge |
| WO2022074203A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 | 2022-04-14 | Nano Textile Solutions Ab | Size-adjustable woven fabric, wearable item and methods of resizing a fabric |
| JP2023544606A (en) * | 2020-10-08 | 2023-10-24 | ナノ・テキスタイル・ソリューションズ・エービー | Adjustable woven fabrics, wearable articles, and methods of resizing fabrics |
| JP7600388B2 (en) | 2020-10-08 | 2024-12-16 | ナノ・テキスタイル・ソリューションズ・エービー | Adjustable woven fabrics, wearable articles, and methods for resizing fabrics |
| US20250059687A1 (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2025-02-20 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Knot-architectured fabric actuator and application using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0617613D0 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
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| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) |
Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20110317 AND 20110323 |
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| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |