GB2368617A - Steam turbine assisted internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Steam turbine assisted internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2368617A GB2368617A GB0026564A GB0026564A GB2368617A GB 2368617 A GB2368617 A GB 2368617A GB 0026564 A GB0026564 A GB 0026564A GB 0026564 A GB0026564 A GB 0026564A GB 2368617 A GB2368617 A GB 2368617A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- steam turbine
- engine
- internal combustion
- steam
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004326 stimulated echo acquisition mode for imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Feed-water, supplied via a feed-water pump, is pre-heated in a feed-water pre-heater, which recovers heat from an internal combustion engine cooling system and from the steam exhaust from a steam turbine. The pre-heated feed water then passes to a boiler (fig. 3) heated by exhaust gases from the engine and comprising an evaporator tube drum, an economiser coil, and a super-heater coil. The steam generated by the boiler is then supplied via a throttle device (fig. 2) to the steam turbine which is drivingly connected to the engine crankshaft. The throttle device receives inputs from an accelerator and a steam pressure sensor to operate throttles to the engine and to the steam turbine accordingly. Steam from the steam turbine then passes via the pre-heater to a vacuum condenser. The steam turbine assisted engine may be used in trains, road vehicles, portable compressors and generators.
Description
STE The Steam Turbine Assisted Engine.
CONCEPT
The concept of 8TE is to improve the efficiency of any internal combustion engine. It is based on the principle that the average internal combustion engine is not very efficient Of the total heat energy applied only approximately 35% is converted to mechanical energy. The remaining 65% is lost to the atmosphere as waste heat. If a substantial portion of this lost energy can be reclaimed and applied as rotational mechanical energy to the engines crankshaft, the overall efficiency of the engine can be greatly increased. STE can be applied to any internal combustion engine used in any application.
The benefits of the Steam Turbine Assisted engine are substantial.
* The fuel economy of the engine is greatly increased.
* The total power output of the engine is greatly increased.
* The engine works less hard for the same power output extending engine life and service intervals.
* Less exhaust gas is expelled for the same power output, benefiting the environment and lowering total emissions.
'The efficiency of the engine is greatly increased.
The primary concept for the steam turbine assisted engine is for use in large vehicles. Heavy haulage trucks, diesel trains, etc. But it can be used in the automotive (car) industry and mobile industrial engines such as portable generators and compressors. Although steam turbines have been in use in various applications for many years in some cases in conjunction with waste heat recovery boilers, to date they have not been applied to the vehicle industry in this context.
The innovation of the steam turbine assisted engine is its application and method. By reclaiming the energy otherwise lost in waste heat and applying it directly to the engines crankshaft losses are minimised and additional weight kept to a minimum.
Colin Charles Dale
DESCRIPTION
SYSTEM.
S. T. E. Operates as a completely closed loop heat recovery unit. It uses demineralised (pure) water as a liquid phase, which is converted to high pressure steam in a boiler by using waste heat from an internal combustion engines cooling water and exhaust system. Thereby maximising the percentage of waste heat recovered. It then uses the energy in the high-pressure steam to generate rotational power by use of a steam turbine, the drive shaft of which is connected directly to the engines crankshaft. All power generated by the turbine is applied to the engine with no incurred losses.
The system consists of 6 basic units:
Feedwatertank Engine driven feedwater pump.
Primary heat exchanger.
Waste heat recovery boiler.
Steam Turbine and throttle controller.
Vacuum condenser.
FEED WATER TANK.
Water is stored in the feedwater tank. It maintains its level as a result of receiving condensate returning from the Vacuum condenser. It is insulated for primary protection from freezing.
ENGINE DRIVEN FEED WATER PUMP.
Water is drawn from the feed water tank by an engine driven pump and is discharged at a pressure of approx. 500psi. A feed water valve governs its discharge flow.
PRIMARY HEAT EXCHANGER. The feed water flows through the primary heat exchanger on route to the boiler. It pre-heats the feed water through two heat exchanger elements. One element recovers the waste heat from the engine cooling system. The other recovers the waste heat in me"spent"steam & om the steam turbine exhaust.
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BOILER. (IN LINE BOILER).
The pre-heated feed water is supplied to the waste heat recovery boiler. The boiler is mounted in line within the exhaust system, as close to the engines exhaust manifold as practicably possible. Heat is given up from the engine exhaust gas as it passes through it.
It consists of three main units, 'An evaporator tube drum.
'An economiser coil.
* A super heater coil.
The pre-heated feed water enters the boiler via the economiser coil. The economiser is situated at the coolest part of the boiler just prior to the exhaust outlet. It uses the low-grade heat left in the exhaust gas to pre heat the feed water before it enters the evaporator. The evaporator is situated at the front end of the boiler where maximum heat is available. It consists of a vertical drum with tubes connected from top to bottom externally. Two level sensors are mounted on the drum for level control purposes; these operate the feed water valve. The water in the drum boils and steam exits from the top into the superheated section. The steam temperature is increased to approx. 4500C and leaves the boiler as high pressure superheated steam.
STEAM TURBINE & THRO1TLE BIAS DEVICE. Superheated steam leaves the boiler and enters the turbine steam main. Two sensors are installed in the steam main for control purposes.
Final steam temperature.
Steam main pressure.
Final steam temperature is monitored, if it exceeds a pre-set maximum temperature it will cause a three way diversion valve mounted in the exhaust to open and divert exhaust gas around the boiler until the temperature returns to normal.
Steam main pressure is monitored ; its signal is used to control the steam turbine throttle valve via an engine/turbine throttle bias device. Its purpose is to ensure that maximum power is being developed by
the steam turbine from the steam pressure available. It will balance the total power requirement from both the engine and turbine with priority given to the turbine.
Steam enters the turbine via a throttle valve ; this valve regulates the volume of steam entering the turbine, which ultimately controls its power output. The steam exiting the turbine will have given up most of its energy as rotational power to the turbine. The turbine is connected *directly to the engine crankshaft therefore no transmission losses will occur and all rotational power developed by the steam turbine will be applied to the engine crankshaft. *NOTE :-Via a gearbox in some applications.
VACUUM CONDENSER.
The exhaust steam from the turbine still contains some reclaimable heat In order to recover this the steam is passed through the primary heat exchanger (steam coil) en route to the condenser. The condenser circulates cooling water from an air-cooled radiator through a tube condenser. Steam condenses as it passes through, turning to water thus pulling a partial vacuum. The condensate then enters the feed water tank completing the closed loop cycle.
EXK4MyiHMrCOyjMMU PMOK. E OFOPM EMUSTMEATRECOIXRYBOI M TION, (SEE DR4 WVVG NoJ) * The drawing supplied is only intended to demonstrate the boiler function.
Exhaust gas enters the boiler evaporator chamber via a baffle to induce swirl. Heat is given up to the water drum and evaporation tubes, the water in the boiler quickly reaches boiling point and wet steam is produced. The water in the tubes boils and exhausts into the top section of the drum. Any water present falls back into the drum and the steam exits from the top. As more water boils and pressure in the drum increases the water level will fall. Two level sensors are fitted to the drum, one detects high level, the other detects low level. When the level in the drum reaches the lower sensor it switches the feed water valve to open. When the water level reaches the higher sensor it switches the valve to close.
This ensures the level in the boiler is maintained.
Now steam is being produced and the boiler is approaching normal operating pressure the steam passes through coils arranged in the outer section of the boiler, these are the superheated coils. Their function is to raise the specific energy of the steam by heating it beyond saturation temperature. The steam needs to be heated to around 450OC before exiting the boiler as dry superheated steam.
In the lowest part of the boiler, just prior to the exhaust outlet is another set of coils. These are
Economiser coils ; they use the low-grade heat left after superheating to pre-heat the boiler feed water before it enters the drum.
MAINTENANCE The boiler is designed for ease of maintenance as cleaning and inspection will be necessary from time to time. The level sensors must be extracted via access ports and the bolts around the top of the boiler removed. The whole internal assembly can now be lifted out.
THROTTLE BIAS DEVICE.
(SEE DRA WING No2) The function of this device is to ensure smooth power delivery from the engine whilst maintaining the maximum power ratio between the engine and turbine, giving preference to the turbine if pressure is available.
It regulates the steam pressure to the turbine by measuring the steam main pressure via a pressure sensor actuator. Changes in pressure are transmitted to the base plate by a linkage. A decrease in pressure will cause the base plate to rotate clockwise; likewise an increase in pressure will cause the base plate to rotate anticlockwise. This rotation motion is passed on to a beam, which is fixed to the base plate. The common throttle cable from the accelerator is connected to the centre of a secondary beam. At each end a throttle cable is attached, one connects to the engine throttle, the other to the steam turbine throttle. When the accelerator is depressed the secondary beam moves off of its stops equally, opening the engine and turbine throttles simultaneously. However if steam pressure is low the base plate will rotate clockwise clamping the turbine throttle closed. Because the common throttle cable is fixed at the centre of the secondary beam the movement to the engine throttle will be doubled therefore the engine will generate all necessary power to the vehicle. As steam pressure rises, the base plate will rotate anticlockwise, unclamping the turbine throttle and allowing it to open. As the turbine throttle opens the motion will be carried via the secondary beam to the engine throttle causing the engine throttle to close a proportional amount. The reverse will happen if the steam pressure goes high, i. e. the engine throttle will begin to close and the turbine throttle will open. As the amount of steam generated is governed by the engine power output, the steam pressure and total power output will be controlled at the optimum operating point for the steam turbine.
'The drawing supplied is only intended to demonstrate the function of the device
Claims (4)
- CLAIMS The steam turbine assisted engine comprising a feedwater tank, engine driven feedwater pump, primary heat exchanger, waste heat recovery boiler, steam turbine, throttle controller and associated control instrumentation, vacuum condenser. The steam turbine drive shaft being connected directly to any internal combustion engine. The complete system being primarily intended for installation in motor vehicles or portable industrialengines for the purpose of : a. Increasing the overall efficiency of the internal combustion engine. b. Increasing the overall power output of the internal combustion engine. c. Improving the overall environmental emissions of the internal combustion engine. d Reducing the overall fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine. e. Extending the working life of the internal combustion engine.
- 2 The steam turbine assisted engine as claimed in claim I wherein the steam turbine be connected directly to the crankshaft of any internal combustion engine means, applying the power from the steam turbine directly to the engines crankshaft. Not using any other device (other than mechanical gears or belts) to transfer the power generated by the steam turbine to the engine crankshaft.
- 3 The steam turbine assisted engine as claimed in claim I & 2 wherein the steam turbine be connected directly to the crankshaft of any internal combustion engine means, at any point along the crankshaft from front to back inclusive of the flywheel.
- 4 The steam turbine assisted engine as claimed in claim I wherein the primary intention being for installation in motor vehicles means, any internal combustion engine powered vehicle or vessel regardless of purpose.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0026564A GB2368617A (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Steam turbine assisted internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0026564A GB2368617A (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Steam turbine assisted internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0026564D0 GB0026564D0 (en) | 2000-12-13 |
| GB2368617A true GB2368617A (en) | 2002-05-08 |
Family
ID=9902248
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0026564A Withdrawn GB2368617A (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Steam turbine assisted internal combustion engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2368617A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10934894B2 (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2021-03-02 | Hieta Technologies Limited | Inverted brayton cycle heat engine |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB581680A (en) * | 1940-05-16 | 1946-10-22 | Richard William Bailey | Improvements in and relating to power plant for the propulsion of ships |
| GB644759A (en) * | 1948-10-01 | 1950-10-18 | William Warren Triggs | Improvements in or relating to systems for utilising waste heat |
| GB1159090A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1969-07-23 | Warnowwerft Warnemuende Veb | Combined Propulsion Plant for Ships. |
| GB2063370A (en) * | 1979-11-15 | 1981-06-03 | Johnson R H | Power recovery and feedback system |
| US4300353A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1981-11-17 | Ridgway Stuart L | Vehicle propulsion system |
| US5000003A (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1991-03-19 | Wicks Frank E | Combined cycle engine |
-
2000
- 2000-10-31 GB GB0026564A patent/GB2368617A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB581680A (en) * | 1940-05-16 | 1946-10-22 | Richard William Bailey | Improvements in and relating to power plant for the propulsion of ships |
| GB644759A (en) * | 1948-10-01 | 1950-10-18 | William Warren Triggs | Improvements in or relating to systems for utilising waste heat |
| GB1159090A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1969-07-23 | Warnowwerft Warnemuende Veb | Combined Propulsion Plant for Ships. |
| US4300353A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1981-11-17 | Ridgway Stuart L | Vehicle propulsion system |
| GB2063370A (en) * | 1979-11-15 | 1981-06-03 | Johnson R H | Power recovery and feedback system |
| US5000003A (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1991-03-19 | Wicks Frank E | Combined cycle engine |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10934894B2 (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2021-03-02 | Hieta Technologies Limited | Inverted brayton cycle heat engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0026564D0 (en) | 2000-12-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |