GB2230911A - Electrical circuits - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrical circuit comprises a series connection of a protective resistor 4, a low loss wire wound inductor 2 and a capacitor 5, 6. The capacitor may be in the form of two parallel metallic plates with air or gas as the separating medium and one of the plates perforated with holes of optimum sizes and numbers to facilitate ionisation of the air/gas medium when a modulated or unmodulated RF signal is supplied by source 3. The circuit may be used in the production of sound, physical propulsion and supply of H.T. voltage for an x-ray device. In an air compressor, the capacitor may be included in a compressing chamber having inlet, outlet valves for control of flow of air to a reservoir container. Transmission arrangements involving modulation of a sinusoidal carrier by a superimposed pulse spike representing intelligence and demodulation of the received signal to recover the original intelligence are also described. <IMAGE>

Description

DIFFERENT PRACTICAL APPROACH UTILISING PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROSTATICS AND WAVES The idea is to illustrate how Electrostatics and Wave principles can be applied in a different approach to perform production of: i) Sound Energy ii) Physical Propulsion iii) Air Compression iv) X - RAY Tube H.T. Supply v) Wave Triggered Modulation vi) Wave Triggered Vissual Modulation With reference to the above, in general, it is popular to note that: - Sound conversion, from an electrical device, is usually by use of Loudspeakers utilising principles of magnetism.

- Physical Propulsion, is commonly associated Automobiles and Aircrafts, utilising fosil fuel combustion or powerful electrical motors to run.

- Air Compression, utilising dependently, Electrical Motors with a suitably constructed Mechanical device.

- X - RAY Tube supplied with H.T. by use of high step up Transformers.

- Radio Frequency Audio Modulation either by Amplitude, Frequency, Pulse Modulation amongst others.

- Visual Modulation by utilising scanning principles and Cathode Ray Tube to display.

All the above can be considered to be quite efficient in practical application. However, this levels can also be achieved by use of Electrostatics and Wave principles.

A method by which Electrostatic energy can be generated from an electrical device would require the following: A Frequency Power generator of relative powers (1 watt and above), of low output voltage and producing a Direct Current alternating signal.

- A radio Frequency wire wound Inductor.

- Two metallic plates having the same area, with a separation in parallel of a defined distance between and one of the plates perforated with holes.

A method by which waves principles can be utilised to produce Amplitude Triggered Audio and Visual Modulation would need a stable frequency generator to give a stable Standing wave.

The specific illustratioti will be described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1: shows the background theory in which an inductor 1 is connectea in series with a capacitor 2 and protective resistor 4 and connected to a radio frequency power generator 3 that should give Direct Current alternating signals.

Fig. 2: illustrates the output wave form of a Direct Current alternating signal that should be generated by 3, being capable to give out either an NON-MODULATED WAVE (a) or a MODULATED WAVE (b).

Fig. 3: illustrates how Sound energy can be produced. The set up is very similar to Fig. 1 except for the capacitor 1 being replaced by Two Metallic Plates 5 and 6, of equivalent sizes and structure and separated in parellel by a distance d. Plate 5 is, however, perforated with holes and the Radio Frequency generator 3 produces a MODULATED SIGNAL.

Fig. 4: shows the set up to prove Physical Propulsion Capabilities. It is similar to Fig. 3 except that the two plates 5 and 6 are suspended, for practical purposes, by attaching a separating lnsullation, having a low permitivity value ey. wood 9, on which is attached at a point on the frame, a pendullum string 8 that is tied to a suspension point 7. The circuit connecting wires should be loosely connected 10 to allow movement. R.F. generator 3 is, however, NOT - MODULATED.

D: arrow indicates the direction of forward propulsion.

V: Indicates region of very low Air Density, tending to near vacume.

Fig. 5: shows the set up to achieve air compression. It is similar to Fig. 4 except that plates 5 and 6 are not suspended but contained in container 11 which has an air inlet passage 13 and an air outlet passage 14 which leads into a second container 12 that has a pressure gauge 16 connected to it. Three pressure valves OPEN/CLOSE are indicated by 15a, 15b, 15c. Singal generator 3 is connected with an ON/OFF electrical mechanism 17.

Fig. 6: shows the set up to achieve H.T. for X - RAY device. It is very similar to Fig. 1 except that the capacitor 1 is replaced by a high break down voltage capacitor 18 in parallel with coper anode 19 and cathode 20 connected as 4 and 5 in Fig. 3. The coper anode 19 has Tungstein material T imbeded in it. Also a heater coil 22 is placed just close to the dish curved cathode 21. A water passage is connected to the anode 19 to cool it. 21 is the glass frame which is vacuumed.

Fig. 7: illustrates the Frequency envelope wave form when it is Triggered Modulated as in Tl, along 180 degrees phase of the wave, and T2, alony the other 180 degrees or the wave.

Tl and T2, however, carries information for two different messages A and B respectively. (b) and (c) illustrates the conversion of dital signals into pulse signals respectively.

Fig. b: (a) shows the block diagram in the production process and transmission. 23 generates R.F. frequencies at low range eg. Medium Wave.

26 : Multiplex two different digital signals A and B and feeds to 24.

24 : Trigger Modulates signal from 23 as from 26.

25 : Multiplies the frequency and Amplifies to Transmit.

(b) : shows the block diagram in the reception and reconversion to A and B.

27 : R.F. tuning unit and Frequency reducer.

28 : Trigger wave Demodulator unit.

29 : Trigger converter to respective digital signals for A anci B.

Fig. 9: (a) shows a possible circuit diagram to Trigger Modulate in which: - Al, A2 are AND gates - Dl, D2, D3, D4, D5 are diodes - N is a NOT gate - OR is an OR gate - Tr is a TRI-STATE device - Rl, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 are resistors - Cl, C2 are high discharge capacitors (b) shows the Reception Trigger Dimodulation unit in which: - 30 Frequency tuning section - 31 Frequency Oscillator - A 180 degress phase shift unit - AD An adder OP-AMP unit - Demultiplexer unit Fig. 10: (a) illustrates how Visual Trigger modulation is produced:: - 34 is a very stable Signal Generator - 33 is a conducting material that varies in ressistivity depending on the intensity of light beamed onto it - Zl is an impedance matching resistor - 35 Frequency Multiplier and Amplification unit Referring to fig. 1, there is shown a power signal generator 3 which is tuned to a frequency of resonance Fr given by:

where L : Value of Inductor 2 C : Value of Capacitor 1 Ideally if components 1 and 2 are considered to be loss free then the current flow, Ir, can be calculated to be Ir = Vs R where Vs : is the RMS Power generator 3 supply voltage R : protective resistance 4 The current Ir is the maximum value that can be attained and only at resonance.This is because the Inductor reactance Xl is equal, but in antiphase with the capacitor reactance Xc given uy Xc:-Xl Xc = 1 Xl = 2 FrL 2 Tt FrC when tuned at resonance frequency Fr the value of Xc can be raised by either two ways: - increasing the value of Inductor 2 - decreasing the value of capacitor 1 This, however, has its limitations in practice and, therefore, only optimum values can be achieved.

At resonance frequency Fr, the voltage across the capacitor Vc is at its peak and varies from zero potential to peak potential as when it is completely discharged to when it has attained maximum charge. It, therefore, can be compared to a varying direct current (D.C.) as it discharges and recharges .

Thus, the voltage Vc across the capacitor can be measured using a D.C. voltmeter; to be given as Vc = XcIr whereby Vc can attain extremely high voltages, even above lou kv, only to be limited mainly by the capacitor 1 break down voltage.

PRODUCING SOUND Referring to fig. 3, capacitor 1 is now replaced by two metallic plates b and 6 and which are separated in parallel, by a distance d, in which 6 is perforated with holes.

If we are to consider the effective surrace area A to be the unperforated surface area or plate 6, then the capacitance value C can be calculated as C = d where a: separating distance between the plates 5 and 6 E: Permitivity or Air medium Then at resonance rrequency Fr, the Electrostatic tield strenyht E is at a maximum and is given as E = Vs d consequently there occurs a charge Q between the plates, that exerts it onto the air molecules in-between. A Force is, therefore, exerted and given by.

F = E Q This force can ee translated to be induced onto the air molecules between in which the positively charged particles are attracted towards the negatively charged plates and negatively charged particles move towards the positively charged plate.

Note that due to the extremely rapid alternation of the R.F.

signal, the slow movement, as compared, of this charged particles only see's the charge as a steady Electricfield potential. The consequent effect is that the congestion of charged air particles which move towards plate 6 will build up to pressures higher than the external and the subsequent effect is to push out this excess air around this plate to maintain at Atmospheric pressure level.

The tendency, therefore, is to vacuum the air two plates 5 and 6 this effect increasing with

the oser levels fed in by the R.F. generator.

However, to produce sound, the R.F. generator 3 should generate a MODULATED signal and DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING as inuicated by figure 2(b). The relative vacuming effect will mainly depend on the power O/P by 3 following closely along with the modulated envellope. Minimum distortion will mainly depend on the percentage of modulation set.

Note that because power is dissipated by conversion to sound, the actual resistance seen across the power generator 3 will be Rp where Rp = R + Rd R : Protective resistor 4 for matching, assuming Inductor resistance 2 is minimal.

Rd : Energy disipation resistance to sound between 5 and 6.

PHYSICAL PROPULSION Referring to fig. 4, the capacitive metallic plates 5 and 6 are physically separated by an insulation frame 9 or very low permitivity value eg. wood of spacing distance d. A tag is attached at a centre point on the frame and which is tied onto by a pendulum line 8 which is attached to a tag 7 on a surface above. The metallic plates 5 and 6 are, therefore, to be freely suspended aided by loose wire connection 10.

The power signal generator 3 should generate a NON-MODULATED and DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING as shown by Fig. 2(a).

As the power is increased, or Vs increased, gradually, thus increasing Ir, untill sufficient force is attained to propell the plate 5 and 6 forward towards direction inaicated by arrow D, subsequently, causing it to rise.

This is because the intensity of charged air particles will also affect those in the external and thus create a region of minimal air pressure V that will enforce the weight of the plates to maintain its equilibrium force at per with the atmospheric pressure.

AIR COMPRESSION Referring to fig. 5, the metallic plates 4 and 5 are now contained in container 10 which is the air compressing chamber.

The R.F. signal generator 3 issues a NON-MODULATED signal which is to be switched ON and OFF at (optimum) regular intervals so as to allow air into the compressing chamber 11 by passage 13 and into the reservoir container 12, via passage 14, after complete compression. Valves 15a, 15b, 15c controls the air movement as required to be let in, then compressed and finally shuts after the storage process.

H.T. SUPPLY FOR X - RAY DEVICE The set up is very similar to fig. 4, except that instead of the circuit connection to plates 5 and 6, we now have the H.T. connection for the X - RAY device.

Thus, the coper Anode 19 and Cathode plate 20 are connected as across plates 5 and 6 in fig. 4. Also, a high break-down voltage capacitor 18 is connected as a capacitance stabilising unit. This is because, during the active operation of the X - RAY tube, the capacitarice value or the tube will vary substantially.

Power generator 3 should generate an R.F. (D.C.) signal which is NON-MODULATED as illustrated by figure 2(a).

The basic construction or an X - RAY tube is shown; to enable understanding to be explicable. Imbeded in 19 is of a Tunystein material T where accelerated electrons strike into as to emit X - RAYS. 22 is the heater coil (6 volts) where the emission of electrons originates. 21 is the glass encasement which is vacumed. Also due to heating of the anode 19, water is circulated at its surface as a coolant.

AUDIO TRIGGER MODULATION Fig. 7, illustrates the very basic principles of Audio Trigger Modulation. Fig. 7(a) shows the display of the R.F. waveform ror a time period of one cycle. This is when it is Trigger Modulated. Two Trigger pulses T1 and T2 are shown potruciing at particular voltage points along the waveform. T1 is on the positive going and T2 is on negative going or the waveform. T1 and T2 represents differing intellegence which may be considered to be A and B respectively.

Fig. 7(b), shows a waveform of an intellegence signal which is digitised into '1' and '0 states.

Fig. 7(c), shows the respective conversion into trigger pulses, which are at frequency as its R.F. carrier signal, and occurs only when the state is '1'.

rig. b, illustrates the processing and transmission of the Audio Triggered Modulated signal and its reception and reconversion to the respective intellegent signals.

Fig. 8(a), shows block 23 as the section where the R.F.

signal is generated at very low wave frequencies, eg. i MHz and below. It is then fed to block 24 where the signal is to be trigger pulse modulated to contain intellegence of the two signals A and B.

Block 26 is where the two digital signals A and B (which are at much lower frequencies than that generated at 23) are here multiplexed and fed into 24 as a waveform illustrated by fig. 7(c).

Once the R.F. signal is Audio Triggered modulated at 24, it is then red to block 25 where the signal Is to be multiplied and amplified for transmission.

Fig. ti(b), shows block 27 where the carrier R.F. signal is tuned in and amplified and then reduced to lower frequency to enable demodulation process to proceed at relatively low distortion.

Block 28 is where demodulation of the wave takes place by extracting the trigger pulses along the waveform, as illustrated by fig. 7(c). It is then passed to block 29 where the trigger pulse waveform are converted to digital states, as illustrated by fig. 7(b), and then de-multiplexing process takes place, subsequently differentiating digital signal pulses for A and B respectively.

Fig. 9, illustrates a possible circuit diagram to generate, in process, Trigger pulse modulation and demodulation.

Fig. 9(a) illustrates the Trigger pulse modulation generation process. Digitised (intellegence) signals A and B are fed into one of the inputs to AND gates Al and A2 respectively. A1 will be switched ON during the positive going of the R.F. signal and A2 during the negative going of signal. Diode D1 conducts only at the positive going or the the wave but also sets the voltage switch level at above 0.7 volts. NOT gate N also does the same except that it switches ON during the negative going of the signal.

Circuit connection RI, C1, R2 ana R3, C2, R4 converts the switch pulse pulses from Al and A2 into short trigger pulses; as illustrated by Fig. 7(c). The trigger pulses are then fed into an OR gate where they are streamed sequentlalig. This is then fed to the TRI-STATE aevice Tr whereby it becomes activated by the existance of each trigger pulse. This in turn, ideally, shorts the rectifier circuit that consists of diodes D2, D3, D4 and D5. The consequent effect is to by pass resistance R6. The output is then Trigger pulse modulated.

Fig. 9(b), illustrates the Trigger pulse demodulation process. Block 30 and 31 indicates the section for R.F.

mixer and Tuning oscillator respectively. Here, the frequency signal is also reduced for demodulation process to take place with minimum distortion. Part of this signal is then fed to a 180 degrees phase shift, which gives out a pure sine wave, which is then fed to the negative input of the OP-AMP (adder) AD and also to the demultiplexer unit 32 as its sincronized clock control. The other part of the signal is fed directly into AD positive input. The output or AD is the extraction of the trigger pulses. This are then fed to demultiplexer 32 where trigger pulses for A and B are luentlried and channeled for conversion to pure digitized signal respectively.

Note that the two signal intellegence A and B is chosen ror the convenience to illustrate simply to be understood.

However, more than two trigger pulses identiriea for different intellegence, can be contained along one cycle of the frequency wave envelope only to be limited by noise distortion and the R.F. signal frequency chosen.

VISUAL TRIGGER PULSE MODULATION Fig. 10, illustrates the process of transmission, reception ana visual display using Trigger pulse modulation principles.

Fig. 10(a), illustrates the modulation and transmission process.

Block 34 indicates an R.F. signal power generator that should be very stable. Its output is into a long transmission line which is connected in series with a WIDE SURFACE 33, of varying resistivity which depends on the magnitude of light intensity falling on it at a point, and an impedence Z1 when varies depending on the voltage potential across it. Thus impedence Z1 increases when light beam intensity falling on 33 increases and vice versa. This means that the total impedence seen from 34 shuold remain constant and, therefore, stabilise the standing wave set along the transmission line.

In this example, the light beam is to be focused at a spot at which point a trigger pulse is construed, at a lower resistivity than other parts of the surface of 33. This should be considered in three dimensions.

The output across Zi is then received by 35 where the signal is to be multiplied and amplified for transmission.

Fig. lO(b), illustrates the reception and display process.

BlocK 36 is the tuning section for the reception of the signal. Amplification takes place at 37 where the R.F.

signal is stabilised and converted to standing wave, depending on the choice of transmission line and impedence Z. Z2 has similar qualities as Z1. 38 is a WIDE SURFACE conductor which emits light depending on the magnitude of current flow through it.

Thus a trigger pulse spot (indicating a spot of high current intensity) will cause the material to radiate at a spot, as shown.

Note that for explanation sake, a dot beam of light is illustrated. However, a radiation of light will consist of aiffering intensities across the wide surface conductor 33 as to produce an infinite number of Trigger pulses on the envelope surface seen in THREE DIMENSION.

The major advantage with this method is that no scanning process is required. Accuracy will depend on the modulation process taken by choice standing wave frequency and screen surface area

Claims (9)

1. GIÀli# 1 An electrical circuit network comprising in series connection of a protective Resistor, a low loss wire wound Inductor, two metallic plates set in parallel with a separating distance between as to produce the most effective capacitive reactance with air(gas) as its separating medium and one of the metallic plates is perforated with holes of optimum sizes and numbers as to create ionisation of the air(gas) by an electrostatic, capacitive, charge generated thereof when a supply of an Alternating (Direct Current) current flows, i.e. between zero to positive or zero to negative potential variation, and tuned to resonance frequency of this circuit network by use of a stable Radio frequency signal power generator able to produce either a Modulated or Non-Modulated Radio frequency signal.
2. 2 An electrical circuit network comprising in series connection of a protective Resistor, a low loss wire wound Inductorta high break down voltage capacitor across which is connected a specific load requiring high voltage potential supply as to be generated thereof when an Alternating (Direct Current) current flows, at resonance frequency of the network.
3. 3 Trigger (spike) pulse wave Modulation achieved by means of riding along the carrier signal waveform cycle Trigger (spike) pulse/s of duration much less than half a cycle of the carrier signal waveform and positioned at particular voltage/current points along the carrier waveform signal for the purpose of defining a message 'code' or messages of either Audio or Visual nature as to be transmitted/received in electronic communication via any means of an electromagnetic propagation medium.
4. 4 An electrical circuit network as claimed in claim 1 wherein air (gas) ionisation creates a region of low air (gas) density or a vacuuming effect in the direction of the perforated metallic plate in which a thrust is developed thereof depending on the magnitude of the current flow.
5. 5 An electrical circuit network as claimed in claim 1 wherein a Modulated signal current flow causes the ionisation of air (gas) to vary relative to the modulating waveform as to produce sound of audible frequencies contained in the modulating signal.
6. 6 An electrical circuit network as claimed in claim 1 or 4 wherein both metallic plates are contained in an air tight container in which air (gas) compression or increase in air (gas) pressure occurs with an increase in the magnitude of current flow.
7. 7 Trigger (spike) pulse wave modulation as claimed in 3 wherein the number of Trigger (spike) pulse position allotted per voltage point/s along one cycle of the waveform defines the maximum number of channels propagated.
8. 8 Trigger (spike) pulse waveform modulation as claimed in 3 in which a band of Trigger (spike) pulses defined at specific voltage/current point/s at positions within a surface seen on a three dimensional plane surface of the wave defined to be less than half a cycle in which the voltage/current magnitude of each Trigger (spike) pulse defines the light intensity at its point position of the surface.
9. 9 The application of electrostatics and wave principles substantially as described herein with reference to figures 1 - 6 of the accompanying drawings.

   9 The application of Electrostatics and Electromagnetic principles substantially an described herein with ocseocecc to figures 1-10 of the accompanying drawings.

   Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 1 An electrical circuit network comprisinq in series connection of a protective Resistor, a low loss wire wound Inductor, two metallic plates set in parallel with a separating distance between as to produce the most effective capacitive reactance with air (qas) as its separating medium and one of the metallic plates is perforated with holes of optimum sizes and numbers as to create ionisation of the air (gas) bv an electrostatic, capacitive, charge generated thereof when a supply of an Alternating (Direct current) current flows, i.e. zero to positive or zero to negative potential variation, and tuned to resonance frequency of this circuit network by use of a Radio frequencY signal power generator able to produce either a Modulated or Non Modulated Radio frequency signal for purpose of either developing a thrust thereof depending on the magnitude of the current flow wherein air (gas) ionisation creates a region of low air (gas) density of a vacuuming effect in the direction of the Perforated metallic Plate or the production of Sound Energy of audible frequencies contained in the Modulating signal wherein a Modulated signal current flow causes the ionisation a Air (gas) to vary relative to the modulation waveform.

   2 An electrical circuit network comprising in series connection of a protective Resistor a low loss wire wound Inductor, a high break - down voltage capacitor across Air is connected a load like an X - RAY device requiring a high voltage potential supply as to be generated thereof when a Radio frequency (Direct Current) current flows, i.e. zero to positive or zero to negative potential variation, at resonance frequency of the network.

   3 An electrical circuit network as claimed in 1 wherein both metallic plates are contained in an air tight container; air (gas) contained, in which air (gas) pressure occurs within with an increase in the magnitude of a Non Modulated current flow.

   4 An electrical circuit network as claimed in 1 or 3 wherein the magnitude of charge or ionisation of air (gas) is proportional to the effective surface area of the metallic plates and the separating distance between.

   5 An electrical circuit network as claimed in 1 or 3 wherein an increase in the number of holes in the perforated plate improves the Sound fidelity transduction or focus of forward thrust or compression capabilities.

   6 An electrical circuit network as claimed in 2 wherein the minimum value of high - break down voltage capacitor is chosen as optimum in enhancing load efficiency.

   7 An electrical circuit network as claimed in 1 or 2 wherein the most optimum value of the protective resistor is chosen either to improve the efficiency of the network or the Sound transduction fidelity.

   a An electrical circuit network as claimed in 1 or 2 wherein the low loss wire Inductor is micro - composed into compatibility as to achieve a high Inductance value if purpose of practically achieving the highest resonance frequency possible.