GB2220652A - Treatment of pasture and formulation therefor - Google Patents
Treatment of pasture and formulation therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2220652A GB2220652A GB8911551A GB8911551A GB2220652A GB 2220652 A GB2220652 A GB 2220652A GB 8911551 A GB8911551 A GB 8911551A GB 8911551 A GB8911551 A GB 8911551A GB 2220652 A GB2220652 A GB 2220652A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- pasture
- selenium
- amount
- per hectare
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 206010010957 Copper deficiency Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001881 sodium selenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000018716 sodium selenate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011655 sodium selenate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229940082569 selenite Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L selenite(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Se]([O-])=O MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 5
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 208000005123 swayback Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000020084 Bone disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011260 co-administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 copper sulphate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Pasture is treated by administration of copper when indications of copper deficiency are detected either in soil or plant matter in the pasture, or in ruminant animals grazing thereon, the copper being co-administered with selenium (as selenite and/or selenate) so that the selenium enhances alleviation of the copper deficiency symptoms in grazing animals. The selenium and copper may be administered separately, or as a formulation containing both.
Description
Treatment of Pastures
The present invention is concerned with the treatment of soil or plant matter in pastures.
Copper is a vital element for plant end animal life; and copper deficiency in plants has a number of adverse effects, including loss of green pigmentation (copper plays a vital role in photosynthesis in the production of chlorophyll).
Copper deficiency in animals also has a number of adverse effects, including poor fertility, poor appetite and growth, anaemia, bone disorders, and swayback in newborn lambs.
Copper deficiency in pastures, and in grazing animals, can be combated by treatment of the soil with copper, typically at a rate of zero to 10 kilograms per hectare. The copper may be applied in the form of soluble salts (such as copper sulphate) or in metallic form.
We have now found that the utilisation of copper by grazing ruminant animals is dependent on the plant matter taking up an appropriate amount of' selenium, to provide enough selenium for the proper metabolic utilisation of copper by the ruminant animals.
According to the present invention, therefore, there is provided a method of treatment of a pasture, which comprises administering copper to said pasture when indications of copper deficiency are detected in a first season either in soil or plant matter in said pasture or in ruminant animals grazing thereon, said copper being co-administered with selenium, either in said first season or in the immediately subsequent season, in an amount such as to enhance the alleviation of said copper deficiency indications in ruminant animals grazing on said pasture.
The co-administration of selenium enhances or potentiates the alleviation of copper deficiency symptoms: that is, in ruminants, irrespective of the amount of copper available to the animal from soil and forage, the effect is greater than when the seme-amount of copper is provided in the absence of sufficient selenium.
The pasture is preferably treated according to the invention by applying thereto a source of copper; selenium in an amount not exceeding 150 grams per hectare; and an agriculturally acceptable carrier. The present invention further comprises a composition suitable for the treatment of pasture, which comprises a source of copper, a minor amount (relative to the amount of copper), of selenium, and an agriculturally acceptable carrier.
The selenium may be applied in the form of a salt, such as sodium selenate and/or sodium selenite, or another aqueous-soluble selenate or selenite (that is a selenite or selenate which is soluble in an aqueous medium).
The copper may be applied as aqueous-soluble salt, such as copper sulphate, or it may be applied in the form of the oxide, or as the metal itself. The selenium and copper may be co-administered in the form of an aqueous spray, or, alternatively, they may be mixed with a suitable fertilizer (such as NPK fertilizer). When the selenium and copper are mixed with a fertilizer, they may be mixed with individual prills of the latter; alternatively, they may be admixed with the fertilizer, generally by the farmer, just prior to application to the pasture.
Selenium is typically applied to the pasture in an amount not exceeding 20 gms per hectare. When sodium selenite is used as the sole selenium source, it is preferably applied at a rate of 75 to 150 grams per hectare per annum; when sodium selenate is used as the sole selenium source, it is preferably applied at a rate of 4 to 30 grams per hectare.
It is, however, sometimes preferred to employ both sodium selenate and sodium selenite simultaneously; in this case preferred amounts per hectare of sodium selenite and of sodium selenate are reduced correspondingly.
The copper is typically administered to the pasture in an amount of 1 to 16 kilograms per hectare per annum; it is perticularly preferred to use copper in an amount of 2 to 5 kilograms per hectare every 2 to 3 years.
As mentioned above, the selenium is administered to the pasture according to the invention when (and only when) indications of copper deficiency have been detected; it is therefore important in the method according to the invention to positively monitor the animals, soil or plant matter for such indications of copper deficiency. Such indications may be clinically detected symptoms (such as occurrence of swayback in newborn lambs), or values obtained by analysis which fall below predetermined values.
The following Examples of the method according to the invention are given by way of illustration only.
Example 1
A dairy farm carrying 350 Friesian dairy cows suffered serious copper deficiency problems. Some cows were barren for two years (the normal calving interval should be about 360-380 days) and up to 30% of the calves were lost at or near birth. In financial terms the estimated cost of copper deficiency over a two year period (including veterinary bills, medicines and lost income) was estimated at about 50,000.
Injections and feed supplements containing copper were employed with little effect on the copper deficiency symptoms. When the pastures on which the cattle fed were treated according to the invention with copper sulphate (in an amount of 5kg per hectare) and sodium selenite (90 gms per hectare), the copper deficiency symptoms were substantially alleviated in the cattle.
Example 2
A dairy farm carrying 75 Friesian dairy cows suffered serious copper deficiency problems and the consequent losses due to calving difficulties for calving interval, and veterinary/medicine costs. After treating pastures with copper sulphate at 12 kgs and sodium selenite at 150 grams per hectare, the level remained free of its previous copper deficiency problems for about five years.
Example 3
A sheep farm carrying 1500 sheep suffered serious problems with swayback in newborn lambs (which is known to be caused by a copper deficiency in the ewe's diet). However, treatment of the sheep with copper produced little or no reduction in the rate of swayback occurrence.
In the following season, the pasture was treated with copper sulphate (1875 grams per hectare) and sodium selenate (25 grams per hectare); the incidence of swayback was reduced from 59 occurrences to zero.
Claims (13)
1. A method of treatment of a pasture, which comprises
administering copper to said pasture when indications of
copper deficiency are detected in e first season either in
soil or plant matter in said pasture or in ruminant
animals grazing thereon, said copper being co-administered
with selenium, either in said first season or in the
immediately subsequent season, in an amount such as to
enhance the alleviation of said copper deficiency
indications in ruminant animals grazing on said pasture.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which selenium is
administered to said pasture in an amount not exceed 150
grams per hectare.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, in which copper is
administered to said pasture in an amount of 1 to 16 kg
per hectare.
4. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said
selenium is administered as sodium selenate and/or sodium
selenite.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said sodium
selenite is used as the sole selenium source, in an amount
of 75 to 150 grams per hectare per annum.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein said sodium
selenate is used as the sole selenium source, in an amount
of 4 to 30 grams per hectare.
7. A method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said
selenium and copper are coadministered in the form of an
aqueous spray.
8. A method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said
selenium and copper are coadministered together with a fertil iser.
9. For use in the treatment of pasture when indications of
copper deficiency are detected either in soil or plant
matter in said pasture, or in ruminant animals grazing
thereon, the combination of copper and selenium in an
amount such as to enhance the alleviation of said copper
deficiency indications in ruminant animals grazing on said
pasture.
10. A composition suitable for the treatment of pasture, which
comprises a source of copper, a minor amount (relative to
the amount of copper) of selenium, and an agriculturally
acceptable carrier.
11. A composition according to claim 10, wherein said selenium
is present as sodium selenate and/or sodium selenite.
12. A composition according to claim 10 or 11, which is in the
form of an aqueous solution.
13. A composition according to claim 12, which is admixed with
a fertilizer.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB888812247A GB8812247D0 (en) | 1988-05-24 | 1988-05-24 | Treatment of pastures |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8911551D0 GB8911551D0 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
| GB2220652A true GB2220652A (en) | 1990-01-17 |
| GB2220652B GB2220652B (en) | 1992-03-18 |
Family
ID=10637420
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB888812247A Pending GB8812247D0 (en) | 1988-05-24 | 1988-05-24 | Treatment of pastures |
| GB8911551A Expired - Fee Related GB2220652B (en) | 1988-05-24 | 1989-05-19 | Treatment of pastures |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB888812247A Pending GB8812247D0 (en) | 1988-05-24 | 1988-05-24 | Treatment of pastures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8812247D0 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2328870A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-03-10 | Trace Element Serv Ltd | Alleviation of hypomagnesaemia in ruminants |
| WO1999029638A3 (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 1999-07-29 | Ivana Djujic | The procedure for foliar supplementation in order to obtain plants with the guided content and distribution of selenium |
| EP0864257A3 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1999-10-13 | Consorzio per la Patata Tipica di Bologna | Composition for increasing selenium and decreasing nitrate inside vegetables and use thereof |
| RU2283821C1 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-09-20 | Институт общей и экспериментальной биологии СО РАН | Process of production of prolonged-effect complex selenium-zeolite mineral fertilizer |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB492596A (en) * | 1937-03-17 | 1938-09-19 | George Edward Heyl | New or improved materials for enhancing the growth and improving the quality of plants |
| GB743244A (en) * | 1952-07-02 | 1956-01-11 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the production of compositions for agricultural and like purposes |
| GB2195993A (en) * | 1986-09-13 | 1988-04-20 | Cutonic Limited | Trace element composition |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ203102A (en) * | 1982-02-23 | 1985-05-31 | Univ Leeds Ind Service Ltd | Water-soluble glass articles;use in treatment of ruminants |
| GB2123690A (en) * | 1982-07-20 | 1984-02-08 | Nat Res Dev | Sustained release device |
-
1988
- 1988-05-24 GB GB888812247A patent/GB8812247D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-05-19 GB GB8911551A patent/GB2220652B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB492596A (en) * | 1937-03-17 | 1938-09-19 | George Edward Heyl | New or improved materials for enhancing the growth and improving the quality of plants |
| GB743244A (en) * | 1952-07-02 | 1956-01-11 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the production of compositions for agricultural and like purposes |
| GB2195993A (en) * | 1986-09-13 | 1988-04-20 | Cutonic Limited | Trace element composition |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0864257A3 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1999-10-13 | Consorzio per la Patata Tipica di Bologna | Composition for increasing selenium and decreasing nitrate inside vegetables and use thereof |
| GB2328870A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-03-10 | Trace Element Serv Ltd | Alleviation of hypomagnesaemia in ruminants |
| GB2328870B (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2002-01-30 | Trace Element Services Ltd | Alleviation of hypomagnesaemia in ruminants |
| WO1999029638A3 (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 1999-07-29 | Ivana Djujic | The procedure for foliar supplementation in order to obtain plants with the guided content and distribution of selenium |
| RU2283821C1 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-09-20 | Институт общей и экспериментальной биологии СО РАН | Process of production of prolonged-effect complex selenium-zeolite mineral fertilizer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8812247D0 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
| GB2220652B (en) | 1992-03-18 |
| GB8911551D0 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20000519 |