GB2218982A - Channel electron multipliers, microchannel plates and glass suitable for use therefor - Google Patents
Channel electron multipliers, microchannel plates and glass suitable for use therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2218982A GB2218982A GB8906723A GB8906723A GB2218982A GB 2218982 A GB2218982 A GB 2218982A GB 8906723 A GB8906723 A GB 8906723A GB 8906723 A GB8906723 A GB 8906723A GB 2218982 A GB2218982 A GB 2218982A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- multiplier
- cm2sec
- per
- spurious signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 101710178035 Chorismate synthase 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101710152694 Cysteine synthase 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001942 caesium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
- H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
- H01J43/24—Dynodes having potential gradient along their surfaces
- H01J43/246—Microchannel plates [MCP]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
Description
p Y 1 - CHANNEL ELECTRON MULTIPLIERS MICROCHANNEL PLATES AND GLASS
SUITABLE FOR USE THEREFOR 221B9B2 This invention relates in one aspect to channel electron multipliers, and to microchannel plates (11MCP11s) with improved freedom from spurious signals and the noise incident thereto; and in a second and alternative aspect to compositions of glass suitable for fabricating channel electron multipliers and microchannel plates.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a channel electron multiplier formed of a glass that includes a lead compound chosen to be effective, in combination with other components of said glass, to limit spurious signals to not mo're than 0.1 per CM2sec.
In a second and alternative aspect thereof, the invention provides glass consisting essentially of, in weight percent:
sio 2 PbO CS 2 0 Erig 0 ±CziOi-S rO-f-B 10 EA1 2 0 3 +ZrO 2 +TiOihi'b20 5 30-35% 50-57% 2107. 0-57.
0.1-1%, wherein the ratio of Si to Pb, expressed as the molar ratio of sio 2 to PbO, is 2.0-2.4.
The invention provides, in a third alternative aspect thereof, glass consisting of, by weight percent:
sio 2 PbO CS 2 0 BaO Al 2 0 3 34.25 54.06 7.56 3.94 0.19 2 - The invention is hereinafter more particularly described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying 'drawings, in which:- Fig. 1 is a side elevation view of a microchannel plate,constructed in accordance with the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a sectional view, taken at- 2-2 of Fig. 1, and is somewhat diagrammatic.
In Figs. 1 and 2 is seen a two-section MCP 20 (detail only shown in upper left-hand corner) with an input array 22 and an output array 24, each including a multiplicity of channel portions 23, 25 with identical channel inside diameters and channel cent-re-to-centre spacings. The inside diameter of channels in channel members 23, 25 of arrays 22, 24 is 25 microns.
We have discovered that low-noise channel electron multipliers, and in particular microchannel plates, may desir- ably be made of our new glass, which consists essentially of, in weight percent:
Sio 2 PbO cs 2 0 UlgO+Ca04-S rOA-BaO 30-35% 50-57% 2-10% 0-5% EAl 2 0 3 f-ZrO 2 +TiO 2tNb 2 0 5 wherein the ratio of Si to Pb, expressed as the molar ratio of Sio 2 to PbO, is 2.0-2.4.
In preferred embodiments, the only alkali oxide included iii the formilation is Cs 0.
In a practical embodiment, the glass from which arrays 22, 24 mus formed had the following formulation:- I,' r Ingredient PbO sio 2 CS 2 0 Ba 0 % by Weight 54.9 34.8 5.9 4.0 Al 2 0 3 0.2 As 2 0 5.0.2 As is seen, this glass contains neither rubidium nor potassium, both of which we have found tend to cause increased spurious signals and noise. Furthermore, the lead oxide in the glass disclosed is chosen from the range of available lead oxides, some of which if used cause more spurious signals than others, so that it is effective together with the overall formulation to limit spurious signals to not more than one spurious signal every ten seconds for each square centimeter of channel surface (i.e., to not more than 0.1 spurious signal per cm 2 sec).
The "spurious signals" referred to are defined herein as measured by the number of electrons resulting from wall radioactive sources emerging at the output of a channel electron multiplier with channel length of 1 mm. and channel diameter of 10 microns.
Elimination of rubidium and potassium and selection IIS indiCiltCd Of tile lCad OXiLIC reduce preseiice in the glass of radioactive isotopes and Lrace clements that would other- wise cause electrons to be spontancausly generated in the iijul- tiplier wall, from which they would enter the channel to cause spurious signals. III successively most preferred embodiments it should be possible to li'llit spurious signals to 0.03 per cill 2 sec,-and even to 0.01, 0.003, and 0.001.
Another presently preferred embodiment of the glass cocrPosition is as follows:
k Oxide Raw MtI. Weight % Compound Weight (kg) sio 2 sio 2 34.25 6.87 kg.
PbO Pb 3 0 4 54.06 11.04 kg.
CS 2 0 CsGO 3 7.56 1.75 kg.
BaO Ba(CO 3)2 3.94 1.03 kg.
A1 2 0 3 Al(OH) 3 0.19 0.06 kg.
As 2 0 3 As 2 0 3 0.10 0.02 kg.
Microchannel plates fabricated from this glass formulation by techniques, including of course a reduction step, well known in the art, exhibited not only diminished dark noise, but also extremely good strip current and electron gain.
Use of this glass formulation in channel electron multipliers thus permits elimination of potassium and rubidium while nevertheless achieving outstanding fabrication and performance characteristics.
Although weights and mol percents are set forth herein in terms of the oxides, as is well understood in the art other compounds of the various metal elements may be substituted.
1
Claims (15)
- CLAIMS:A channel electron multiplier formed of a glass that includes a lead compound chosen to be effective, in combination with other components of said glass, to limit spurious signals to not more than 0.1 per cm2sec.
- 2. A multiplier according to claim 1, in which said lead compound is so chosen to limit said spurious signals to not more than 0.03 per cm2sec.
- 3. A multiplier according to claim 2, in which said lead compound is so chosen to limit said spurious signals to not more than 0.01 per cm2sec.
- 4. A multiplier according to Claim 3, which said lead compound is so chosen as to limit said spurious signals to not more than 0.003 per CM2sec.
- 5. A multiplier according to Claim 4, in which said lead compound is so chosen as to limit said spurious signals to not more than 0.001 per cm2sec.
- 6. A multiplier according to any preceding claim, wherein said glass contains no rubidium.
- 7. A multiplier according to any preceding claim, wherein said glass contains no potassium.
- 8. A multiplier according to any of Claims 1 to 5, in which the alkali oxide present in said glass consists essentially of cesium oxide only.
- 9. Glass consisting essentially of, in weight percent:sio 2 PbO CS 2 0 EMgO+CaO+SrO+BaO 30-35% 50-57% 2-10% 0-5% EA1 2 0 3 +ZrO 2 +TiO ib 205 0.1-1%, wherein the ratio of Si to Pb, expressed as the nAlar ratio of sio 2 to PbO, is 2.0-2.4.f - 6
- 10. Glass consisting essentially of, percent:sio 2 PbO CS 2 0 BaO A1 2 0 3 by weight 34.25 54.06 7.56 3.94 0.19
- 11. A channel electron multiplier comprising glass according to Claims 9 or 10.
- 12. A microchannel plate comprising glass according to Claims 9 or 10.
- 13. A channel electron multiplier substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
- 14. A microchannel plate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
- 15. Glass substantially as hereinbefore described.Published 1989 atThe Patent Office, State House, 66171 High Holborn, LondonWC1R4TP. Purther copies maybe obtained from The Patent Office. Wes Branch, St Mary Cray, Orpington, Kent BR5 3RD. Printed by Multiplex techniques RAI, St Mary Cray, Kent, Con. 1/87 r
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US17313688A | 1988-03-24 | 1988-03-24 | |
| US07/234,325 US4983551A (en) | 1988-08-13 | 1988-08-13 | Channel electron multipliers |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8906723D0 GB8906723D0 (en) | 1989-05-10 |
| GB2218982A true GB2218982A (en) | 1989-11-29 |
| GB2218982B GB2218982B (en) | 1991-08-14 |
Family
ID=26868812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8906723A Expired - Fee Related GB2218982B (en) | 1988-03-24 | 1989-03-23 | Channel electron multiplier microchannel plates and glass suitable for use therefor |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0210645A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3909526A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2629269A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2218982B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19922678A1 (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-30 | Perkinelmer Optoelectronics | Lead silicate glass, its use and a method for setting a reduced surface resistance of the lead silicate glass |
| US12325661B2 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2025-06-10 | Corning Incorporated | Lead free glass composition for microchannel plate fabrication |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013172278A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Microchannel plate |
| JP6211515B2 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2017-10-11 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Microchannel plate, image intensifier, charged particle detector and inspection device |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL279474A (en) * | 1960-04-20 | |||
| GB2120232A (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1983-11-30 | Galileo Electro Optics Corp | Glass composition |
-
1989
- 1989-03-22 DE DE19893909526 patent/DE3909526A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-03-23 GB GB8906723A patent/GB2218982B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-23 JP JP7162189A patent/JPH0210645A/en active Pending
- 1989-03-24 FR FR8903913A patent/FR2629269A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19922678A1 (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-30 | Perkinelmer Optoelectronics | Lead silicate glass, its use and a method for setting a reduced surface resistance of the lead silicate glass |
| DE19922678C2 (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2001-06-21 | Perkinelmer Optoelectronics | Lead silicate glass and its use |
| US12325661B2 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2025-06-10 | Corning Incorporated | Lead free glass composition for microchannel plate fabrication |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8906723D0 (en) | 1989-05-10 |
| GB2218982B (en) | 1991-08-14 |
| JPH0210645A (en) | 1990-01-16 |
| FR2629269A1 (en) | 1989-09-29 |
| DE3909526A1 (en) | 1989-10-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8421354B2 (en) | Photocathode, photomultiplier and electron tube | |
| GB8813750D0 (en) | Isolation amplifier including precision voltage-to-duty-cycle converter & low ripple high bandwidth charge balance demodulator | |
| GB2218982A (en) | Channel electron multipliers, microchannel plates and glass suitable for use therefor | |
| US4910405A (en) | X-ray image sensor | |
| US4983551A (en) | Channel electron multipliers | |
| GB2202116B (en) | Cathode ray tubes having an implosion proof structure | |
| GB2120232A (en) | Glass composition | |
| JPH0159744B2 (en) | ||
| EP0587313A1 (en) | Photomultiplier | |
| JPS59174544A (en) | Glass for coating semiconductor | |
| EP0805477B1 (en) | Electron tube | |
| EP0567297B1 (en) | Reflection-type photoelectric surface and photomultiplier | |
| US4950952A (en) | Photocathode and method of manufacturing the same | |
| US4490605A (en) | Photoelectric detection structure | |
| CA2193919A1 (en) | Direct conversion x-ray/gamma-ray photocathode | |
| AU554468B2 (en) | H/c cracking catalyst/sulphur oxide gettering absorbing agent compositions | |
| GB2210298B (en) | Manufacturing colour screen structures for cathode ray tubes. | |
| AU1912083A (en) | Manufacturing asymmetrical cathode ray tubes | |
| Amendolia et al. | A Ge Si active target for the measurement of short lifetimes | |
| DE19922678C2 (en) | Lead silicate glass and its use | |
| JPH0817388A (en) | Electron tube | |
| DE3375678D1 (en) | Cathode ray tube with composite mounting structure | |
| JPS58216973A (en) | Radiation detector block | |
| JPS5751150A (en) | Glass for circular fluorescent lamp | |
| JPS57145256A (en) | Electrostatic focussing type image tube |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930323 |