GB2203342A - Radio-opaque tracer for surgical implants - Google Patents
Radio-opaque tracer for surgical implants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2203342A GB2203342A GB08708328A GB8708328A GB2203342A GB 2203342 A GB2203342 A GB 2203342A GB 08708328 A GB08708328 A GB 08708328A GB 8708328 A GB8708328 A GB 8708328A GB 2203342 A GB2203342 A GB 2203342A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- soft
- tissue implant
- implant according
- tissue
- metallic material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 title 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010070918 Bone deformity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
- A61L27/047—Other specific metals or alloys not covered by A61L27/042 - A61L27/045 or A61L27/06
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Medically safe metallic material, in particular gold, is used as a radiologically opaque part of a surgical soft tissue implant such as vascular prostheses and prostheses for the surgical replacement of ligaments and tendons.
Description
RADIO-OPAQUE TRACER FOR SURGICAL IMPLANTS
When soft tissue is replaced in a surgical procedure whereby the whole or a part of that soft tissue is replaced or augmented, there is no convenient method by which post-operative evaluation of the procedure can be made by non-invasive technique, since the soft tissues and the implant are usually invisible to X-rays.
By way of specific example, the Leeds-Keio prosthetic ligament, 15 described in European Patent Application O 126 520 is constructed using a leno or mock-leno weave from a polyester yarn, which is invisible to X-rays. The prosthesis is fixed into place by the insertion within the tubular part of the prosthesis of a plug of bone. The gap between the bone plug and the host bone through which the prosthesis runs, becomes invaded by tissue, which gradually becomes calcified as new bone forms, hence anchoring the prosthesis firmly in placc.The prosthesis is foraminous, having areas with perforations of about 0.01 cmZ so that tissue ingrowth is promoted. A surgeon may wish to study by
X-ray or similar method any changes that may hrve occurred to the prosthesis and the site adjacent to it, either non-invasively, or by way of preparation for an invasive investigation For example, during early investigations to develop the technique for implantation of this prosthesis, young pigs were used. Within one young growing pig after a long post-operative period, the pig grew considerably in size. The growth produced a considerable increase {n the tension upon the polyester prosthesis, which resulted in the site of the bone plug shifting within the host bone, and causing bone deformity.Therefore such an operation is contra-indicated in humans when epiphyseal bone growth is still active. Should investigation be required of movements of bone plugs and the associated ligament prosthesis within young animals, a simple technique for investigation of such movements is necessary. X-rays and similar radiological methods provide the investigative technique, but many prostheses are invisible to the X-rays. Other monitoring investigations may require to be made upon an implant of a ligament, tendon or vascular prosthesis, which would be simplified by incorporating a proportion of a safe radio-opaque material.
Previously, the approach to the monitoring of textile products within the body has been to use a textile fibre such as polypropylene which contains a high proportion of a radio-opaque substance such as barium sulphate Such a fibre is sometimes used within items such as swabs, when a simple technique is required to locate a swab within the body to simplify its speedy removal. The difficulty with using such a fibre within a prosthesis is that the fibre containing such as barium sulphate is not intended to remain within the body for a long period, therefore an investigation of the long-term effects of the radio-opaque substance on the body is not necessary. To investigate these long-term effects would be both costly and take a considerable length of time.
The present invention provides a simple and safe method of evaluating post-operatively the soft-tissue implant by including a medically safe metallic material within the implant which is otherwise invisible to external scanning techniques such as X-rays and other methods, yet not substantially interfere with the performance of the implant.
The chosen material therefore will usually have to be ductile or otherwise in a form such that it remains highly flexible. The material chosen is generally described as being radio-opaque.
Suitable metallic materials are those which are known to be medically safe to humans, such as high purity metals, e.g.
gold, platinum, titanium, palladium and their alloys, and stainless steel. Sold is particularly preferred since it is well known as having no long term ill-effects when used within the body. The metallic form is suitable in elemental or alloyed form.
A specific embodiment of the invention uses B gold wire of diameter 0.1 to 0.5mm, of purity greater than 95X gold, preferably greater than 99%. A particularly suitable form of gold wire is that known as fine gold which has a diameter of about O.3mm and a purity of about 99.98 gold. This is woven as a single end weaving in the same heald on the loom as one of the main warp yarns of a ligament prosthesis as described in European Patent Application 0 126 520. Such gold wire is of sufficient diameter to be identifiable in a
X-ray photograph of a bone, yet of sufficiently low diameter to be reasonably flexible for the purposes of weaving.As well as incorporating the wire within the prosthesis during the weaving process, the wire can also be incorporated after weaving by hand or machine, such as by using a needle in conventional sewing.
Instead of a single wire, four wires within the prosthesis will provide more information from X-ray photographs than a single end. Unfortunately, the high cost of gold may render the advantage of using more than one end of gold wire per prosthesis economically unacceptable.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a vascular implant of polyester textile fibre, which may have been knitted, woven or braided, is subjected to a coating technique such as vacuum deposition of a fine layer of metal such as gold over a whole or a part of its surface, sufficient gold being used to provide sufficient scattering of the X-rays to render the transplant visible by X-ray technique. By only depositing gold over a part of the surface, by shielding parts of the prosthesis during deposition of the metal, movement of the prosthesis within the body becomes more evident. The coating may be by another deposition technique, such as the chemical precipitation of the metal onto the surface of the fibres forming the prosthesis. Furthermore, the metal may be deposited within the fibre itself, during the fibre spinning process. This embodiment has the advantage of shielding the metallic component from direct contact with body tissues, and hence allow the use of metals whose medical safety is lese well characterised.
Claims (18)
1. 5 soft-tissue implant containing a proportion of medically safe metallic material.
2. A soft-tissue implant as claimed in claim 1, containing a metallic material in such form and amount that it is detectable by external scanning techniques, but does not substantially interfere with the performance of the implant.
3. 5 soft-tissue implant according to claim 1 or 2, where the metallic material is in the form of a wire.
4. A soft-tissue implant according to claim 3, where the metallic material is in the form of a wire of between O.lmm and 0.5mm.
5. 5 soft-tissue implant according to claim 1 or claim 2, where the metallic material is in the form of a coating upon a textile fibre.
6. 5 soft-tissue implant according to claim 5, where the metallic material is coated upon the fiber by vacuum deposition.
7. A soft-tissue implant according to claim 5, where the metallic material is coated upon the fiber by chemical techniques
8 A soft-tissue implant according to claim 1 or claim 2, where the metallic material is incorporated within the fibre during the fibre spinning process.
9. A soft-tissue implant according to any one of claims 1 to 8, where the metallic material is gold.
10. A soft-tissue implant according to any one of claims 1 to 9, where the gold is of a purity of greater than 95.
11. 5 soft-tissue implant according to claim 10, where the gold is of a purity of greater than 99%.
12. A soft-tissue implant according to any of claims 1 to 11, where the implant is a woven textile.
13. 5 soft-tissue implant according to claim 12, where the implant is mock-leno or leno woven in which the warp threads are locked with respect to the weft threads.
14. A soft-tissue implant according any of the claims 1 to 11, where the implant is a knitted textile.
15. A soft-tissue implant according to any of the claims 1 to 11, where the implant is a braided textile.
16. 5 soft-tissue implant according to any of the claims 1 to 15, where the implant is foraminous, including an area with perforations of at least 0.01 cmz so that tissue ingrowth is promoted.
17. A soft-tissue implant substantially as herein described.
18. The use of soft-tissue implants as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17 in surgery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8708328A GB2203342B (en) | 1987-04-07 | 1987-04-07 | Radio-opaque tracer for surgical implants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8708328A GB2203342B (en) | 1987-04-07 | 1987-04-07 | Radio-opaque tracer for surgical implants |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8708328D0 GB8708328D0 (en) | 1987-05-13 |
| GB2203342A true GB2203342A (en) | 1988-10-19 |
| GB2203342B GB2203342B (en) | 1991-12-11 |
Family
ID=10615413
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8708328A Expired - Fee Related GB2203342B (en) | 1987-04-07 | 1987-04-07 | Radio-opaque tracer for surgical implants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2203342B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994025081A1 (en) * | 1991-01-07 | 1994-11-10 | Menaker Gerald J | Method and means for limiting thromboses in implantable grafts and the like |
| DE19823737A1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-02 | Otg St Gallen Ag St Gallen | Composite material made of polymer or ceramic materials and component made of such a composite material |
| US8257325B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2012-09-04 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port with molded and/or radiopaque indicia |
| US9517329B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2016-12-13 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port assembly with X-ray discernable indicia |
| US9610432B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2017-04-04 | Innovative Medical Devices, Llc | Venous access port assembly with X-ray discernable indicia |
Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3688318A (en) * | 1970-09-17 | 1972-09-05 | Introspec Inc | Methods and articles for preventing clotting of blood |
| GB1317417A (en) * | 1971-04-30 | 1973-05-16 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Artificial tendon |
| GB1445177A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1976-08-04 | Dow Corning | Blood vessel bridging device |
| EP0000949A1 (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1979-03-07 | Philip Nicholas Sawyer | Cardiac and vascular prostheses and methods of making the same |
| GB1552388A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1979-09-12 | Macgregor D C | Cardiovascular prostheses |
| GB1565828A (en) * | 1975-12-02 | 1980-04-23 | Plastiques Ind Soc | Implantable surgical pipeline |
| WO1981002667A1 (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-10-01 | Nat Res Dev | Antimicrobial surgical implants |
| GB2073024A (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-10-14 | Nat Res Dev | Antimicrobial Surgical Implants |
| EP0041111A2 (en) * | 1980-06-03 | 1981-12-09 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Artificial tendon and/or ligament |
| WO1982001647A1 (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1982-05-27 | Robert L Kaster | Vascular graft |
| EP0067929A2 (en) * | 1981-06-24 | 1982-12-29 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Tendon and/or ligament prosthesis |
| WO1983003752A1 (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-10 | Wallsten Hans Ivar | A prosthesis comprising an expansible or contractile tubular body |
| WO1984003036A1 (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1984-08-16 | Wallsten Hans Ivar | Blood vessel prosthesis |
| EP0177288A2 (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-04-09 | Baylor College of Medicine | Labeled breast prosthesis and methods for detecting and predicting rupture of the prosthesis |
-
1987
- 1987-04-07 GB GB8708328A patent/GB2203342B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3688318A (en) * | 1970-09-17 | 1972-09-05 | Introspec Inc | Methods and articles for preventing clotting of blood |
| GB1317417A (en) * | 1971-04-30 | 1973-05-16 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Artificial tendon |
| GB1445177A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1976-08-04 | Dow Corning | Blood vessel bridging device |
| GB1565828A (en) * | 1975-12-02 | 1980-04-23 | Plastiques Ind Soc | Implantable surgical pipeline |
| GB1552388A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1979-09-12 | Macgregor D C | Cardiovascular prostheses |
| EP0000949A1 (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1979-03-07 | Philip Nicholas Sawyer | Cardiac and vascular prostheses and methods of making the same |
| US4167045A (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1979-09-11 | Interface Biomedical Laboratories Corp. | Cardiac and vascular prostheses |
| WO1981002667A1 (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-10-01 | Nat Res Dev | Antimicrobial surgical implants |
| GB2073024A (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-10-14 | Nat Res Dev | Antimicrobial Surgical Implants |
| EP0041111A2 (en) * | 1980-06-03 | 1981-12-09 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Artificial tendon and/or ligament |
| WO1982001647A1 (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1982-05-27 | Robert L Kaster | Vascular graft |
| EP0067929A2 (en) * | 1981-06-24 | 1982-12-29 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Tendon and/or ligament prosthesis |
| WO1983003752A1 (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-10 | Wallsten Hans Ivar | A prosthesis comprising an expansible or contractile tubular body |
| WO1984003036A1 (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1984-08-16 | Wallsten Hans Ivar | Blood vessel prosthesis |
| EP0177288A2 (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-04-09 | Baylor College of Medicine | Labeled breast prosthesis and methods for detecting and predicting rupture of the prosthesis |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| NOTE: GB A 2073024 AND WO A1 8102667 EP A1 0000949 AND US 4167045 ARE EQUIVALENT; * |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994025081A1 (en) * | 1991-01-07 | 1994-11-10 | Menaker Gerald J | Method and means for limiting thromboses in implantable grafts and the like |
| DE19823737A1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-02 | Otg St Gallen Ag St Gallen | Composite material made of polymer or ceramic materials and component made of such a composite material |
| WO1999061081A1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-02 | Sepitec Foundation | Composite of polymer or ceramic materials and component made of such a composite |
| DE19823737C2 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 2003-05-15 | Sepitec Foundation Vaduz | Composite made of polymer or ceramic materials |
| US7419714B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2008-09-02 | Sepitec Foundation | Composite of polymer or ceramic materials and component made of such a composite |
| US11878137B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2024-01-23 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port assembly with X-ray discernable indicia |
| US9533133B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2017-01-03 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port with molded and/or radiopaque indicia |
| US8852160B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2014-10-07 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port with molded and/or radiopaque indicia |
| US11406808B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2022-08-09 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port with molded and/or radiopaque indicia |
| US11478622B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2022-10-25 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port with molded and/or radiopaque indicia |
| US8257325B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2012-09-04 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port with molded and/or radiopaque indicia |
| US11938296B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2024-03-26 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port with molded and/or radiopaque indicia |
| US9517329B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2016-12-13 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port assembly with X-ray discernable indicia |
| US9610432B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2017-04-04 | Innovative Medical Devices, Llc | Venous access port assembly with X-ray discernable indicia |
| US10639465B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2020-05-05 | Innovative Medical Devices, Llc | Venous access port assembly with X-ray discernable indicia |
| US10874842B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2020-12-29 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port assembly with X-ray discernable indicia |
| US11547843B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2023-01-10 | Innovative Medical Devices, Llc | Venous access port assembly with x-ray discernable indicia |
| US12274850B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2025-04-15 | Medical Components, Inc. | Venous access port assembly with X-ray discernable indicia |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2203342B (en) | 1991-12-11 |
| GB8708328D0 (en) | 1987-05-13 |
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