GB2201425A - Method of producing diamond-impregnated coatings - Google Patents
Method of producing diamond-impregnated coatings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2201425A GB2201425A GB08703860A GB8703860A GB2201425A GB 2201425 A GB2201425 A GB 2201425A GB 08703860 A GB08703860 A GB 08703860A GB 8703860 A GB8703860 A GB 8703860A GB 2201425 A GB2201425 A GB 2201425A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- diamond
- sintering
- electric current
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
- B01J3/062—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies characterised by the composition of the materials to be processed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/082—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat without intermediate formation of a liquid in the layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
- B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
- B01J2203/0605—Composition of the material to be processed
- B01J2203/062—Diamond
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
- B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
- B01J2203/065—Composition of the material produced
- B01J2203/0655—Diamond
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
- B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
- B01J2203/0675—Structural or physico-chemical features of the materials processed
- B01J2203/0685—Crystal sintering
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The method of producing diamond-impregnated coating comprises applying a mixture which contains diamond powder to metal surface and thereafter sintering it is characterised by the use of electric current pulses during the sintering thereby ensuring a high, rate of heating (5-8. 10<3> DEG C/s. and favourable conditions for diffusion. The sintering is undertaken at a pressure of 10-50 MPa pulse electric current with a density of 0.3-1.5 kA/mm<2> and a relative pulse duration of 0.25-1.0 flowing in the mixture-metal direction. The mixture may be applied to the metal surface either through flame spraying or by free moulding using a current-conducting perforated element, located on the metal surface, which is retained during the sintering step. The method finds application in the manufacture of diamond-impregnated tools. <IMAGE>
Description
METHOD OF PRODUCING DIAMOND-IMPREGNATED COATINGS
The present invention relates to mechanical engineering, and more particularly it relates to a method of producing diamond-impregnated coating.
The herein-disclosed method can find application in making diamond-impregnated tools for machining metals and non-metallic materials in mechani.cal engineering, construction, jewelery industry, agricultural production, andumedi- cine.
There is known a method of producing diamond-impregnated coating by electrolyte deposition of metal fixed on the tool surface with the help of diamond particles (cf. USSR
Inventor's Certificate No. 351,689; 324D17/OO published
July 6, 1970).
The tool coating produced with this method features low adhesive strength (10-40 MPa), high porosity, and small thickness determined by the fractional composition of diamond powder. These characteristics are a result of inadequate conditions of forming a contact between deposited metal, diamond, and tool surface.
Such a tool has limited applications. The process is not efficient due to low deposition rate.
There is further known a method of producing diamor.v- -impregnated coating (cf. Japan patent No. 51-752; B2423 ,06) by applying a mixture containing diamond powder and sor.e plastic matrix material to a workpiece, pressing, and thereafter sintering It in controlled atmosphere within a long period of time at a temperature not exceeding that of diamond. decomposition.
The coating produced with this method, while noted for high adhesive strength, features high porosity (20-40%) and low diamond concentration (up to 40 vol.%), which makes its life fairly short,
The method features low efficiency and high power consumption as it involves the use of powerful press facilities and prolonged controlled-atmosphere furnace sintering.
In addition, the method is not suitable for coating complex-shaped parts.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly effective method of producing diamond-impregnated coating with a high adhesive strength and a high diamond concentration.
This object is attained by a method of producing diamond-impregnated coating which comprises applying a mixture containing diamond powder to metal surface and sintering it, in which method, in accordance with the invention, mixture sintering is performed at a pressure of 10-50 MPa, pulse electric current with a density of 0.3-1.5 kA/mm2 and a relative pulse duraction of 0.25-1.0 flowing in the mixture-metal direction.
The method disclosed herein ensures higher (by 30-50%) adhesive strength of a coating due to providing favourable conditions of diffusion processes which occur in the mixture-metal contact area.
The porosity of a coating thus produced is not more than 3% owing to a hot densification effect in the process of sintering.
The method disclosed herein makes it possible to increase efficiency of the process by 5-10 times as compared with other known methods on account of high-speed heating of a mixture ensured by the thermal effect of electric current pulses.
It is expedient thnt a current-conducting mixture be used in the herein-disclosed method with an electrical resistivity of 0.05'10 6-0.3-10 3 ohm.m and having the following composition (vol. %):
diamond powder 24-60
matrix material with an
electrical resistivity of (0.014-1.7)'10-6 ohm.m up to lCO.
The use of a mixture with such electrophysical properties makes it possible to produce a coating with a maximum diamond concentrtion (60 vol.%) which ensures high wear and corrosion resistance.
It is desirable that a mixture containing diamond powder be applied by spreading it in a perforated element located on the metal surface, the element being made of a material with an electric resistivity of (0.0l4-l.7)106ohm.m.
The use of the perforated element makes it possible to produce a coating with preset properties.
The herein-disclosed method is as follows.
The method comprises applying a mixture containing diamond powder to metal surface and sintering it at a pressure of 10-50 LiPa, pulse electric current with a density of 0.3-1.5 kA/mm2 and a relative pulse duration of 0.25-1.0 flowing in the mixture-metal direction,
To produce diamond-impregnated coating with high physico-mechanical properties, it is necessary to provide conditions for a hot pressing effect.These conditions are provided with pressure and pulse electric current acting on the mixture, thereby ensuring a high rate of its heating (5-8.10 OC/s), Such a heating rate makes the diffusion processes run at a speed higher than that of metal oxidation processes, thus providing for a coating with high adhesive strength and low porosity
The preselected sintering conditions ensure the thermal effect on the diamond of such a short duration that even with a temperature exceeding the one of diamond destruction, no granhitization takes place.
The mixture can be applied to the metal surface either through flame sprayed coating or free moulding using the current-conducting perforated element.
The implementation of the method under such conditions involves the use either of a current-conducting mixture or of a mixture consisting of diamond powder which is spread in a current-conducting perforated element acting as a matrix material.
The herein-disclosed method requires no special press facilities in applying the mixture to the metal surface since the coating structure takes shape in the sintering stage at a high rate of mixture heating.
The method, therefore, features high efficiency (0.6-1 m2/h) and low power consumption (0.3-0.4 k'"Y'hZkg).
For flame strayed coating it is advisable that a current-conducting mixture be used with an electrical resistivity of 0.05x10 6-0.3x10 3 ohmem and having the following conposition (vol.%);
diamond powder 24-60 matrix material with an electrical resistivity of (0.014-1.7) 10-6 ohm-m ut to 100.
The steady flow of pulse current with a density of 0.3-1.5 kA/mm2is ensured in case the electrical resisti pity of the mixture does not exceed 0.3-10 -3 ohms. The mixture is sintered under stable temperature conditions, which enables a diamond-impregnated coating with less than 3fc porosity and up to 100 MPa adhesive strength to be produced.
In the event of higher electrical resistivity, the sintering process becomes destabilized with local drop-throughs developed in the mixture. The coating thus produced. features high porosity and low adhesive strength.
Should the use be made of a mixture with an electrical resistivity below 0.05 10-6 ohmm, no sintering takes place.
The required electrical resistivity of the mixture is determined largely by the electronhysical properties of the matrix material since the diamond features high electrical resistivity.
T;e matrix material with such electrophysical properties acts as a conductor whose resistance generates the amount of heat required for the mixture to sinter under the influence of pulse electric current with preset parameters.
The matrix material also acts as a cladding sheath with prevents diamond destruction in the process of flame sprayed. coating.
The lower limit of the electrical resistivity of the matrix material, which is equal to 0.014-10 6 onmm, is determined by the maximum diamond concentration (60 vol.%).
Such a coating features high wear and corrosion resistance.
Xigh-melting point metals can be used as a matrix material.
The method disclosed herein makes it possible to produce a coating wherein the physico-mechanical properties of the diamond and matrix material are made the most of.
The upper limit of the electrical resistivity of the matrix-material (1.710 6 ohm-m) is determined by a method of applying the mixture to the metal surface.
To produce a coating with preset properties, use is made of a mixture containing diamond powder which is spread in a perforated element located on the metal surface, the element being made of a material with an electrical resistivity of (0.014-1.7)-10 6 ohm-m.
Perforated metal ribbons or nettings can be used as a perforated element, which acts as a current-conducting matrix material described hereinabove. With pulse electric current flowing in the mixture-metal direction, the perforated element undergoes plastic deformation ensuring that the diamond is fixed on the metal surface. The diamond powder concentration varies within the coating volume depending upon hole arrangement and geometry, thereby determining coating properties. Coatings made of a mixture of one and the same compositin may have different physico-mechanical properties section-wise. This widens applications of diamond -impregnated coatings and renders them highely effective.
Using perforated- elements, it is possible to coat complex -shaped parts.
Physico-mechanical and service properties of coatings, such as ultimate adhesive strength, porosity, and cutting speed have been determined through standard techniques,
Given below are some specific examples of the embodiment of the herein-disclosed method.
Example 1
A mixture containing 24 vol.% diamond powder, 50/40 m grain size, clad with nickel with an electrical resistivity of 0.09v10 6 ohmm is flame sprayed on a steel workpiece for cutting diamond crystals. The electrical resistivity of the mixture is 2.0x10 -5 ohm, Spraying distance is 200 mm and a sprayed layer is 0.1 mm thick, The workpiece with the mixture on it is placed between electrodes connected to the pulse electric current source and pressed at 26 WtPa, pulse electric current with a density of 1.08 kS/mm2 and a relative pulse duration of 0.25 flowing in the mixture-metal direction.
The mixture being sintered, the diamond-impregnated coating thus produced has the following physico-mechanical proper ties: ultimate adhesive strength, MPa 75
porosity, % 2
cutting speed, mg/min 1.75
Example 2
A mixture containing 60 vol.% diamond powder, 50/40 m grain size, clad with silver with an electrical resistivity of 0.016'10 6 ohm'm is flame sprayed on a steel plate. The electrical resistivity of the mixture is 1.3-10 -4 ohmm.
Spraying distance is 200 mm and a sprayed layer is 0.25 mm thick. The plate with the mixture on it is placed between electrodes connected to the pulse electfic current source and pressed at 50 MPa, pulse electric current with a density of-0.31 kA/mm2 and a relative pulse duration of O.5 flowing in the mixture-metal direction.
The mixture being sintered., the diamond-impregnated coating thus produced has the following physico-mechanical properties:
ultimate adhesive strength, MPa 65
porosity, ?i3; 1 Example 3
A mixture containing 40 vol.% diamond powder, 80/.63 A grain size, 48 vol. 0,. copper, and 12.0 vol.% nichrome with an electrical resistivity of 0.018-10 6 and. 1.1.10-6 ohmm respectively is flame sprayed on a steel plate. The electri cal resistivity of the mixture is 0.1-0.3.10-3 3 ohm'm. Spraying distance is 200 mm and a sprayed layer is 0.25 mm thick.The plate with the mixture on it is placed between electrodes connected to the pulse electric current source and pressed at 10 MPa, pulse electric current with a density of 1.2-1.3 kA/mm2 and a relative pulse duration of 0.30 flowing in the mixture-metal direction.
The mixture being wintered, the diamond-impregnated coating thus produced has the rollov-ng ?hysico-mecnanical pro zerties: ultimate adhesive strength, MPa 90
porosity, % 3
Example 4
A 0.25 mm-thick zinc ribbon with holes 0.10 mm in diameter with an electrical resistivity of 0.06'10 6 ohm'm is placed on a steel blank for making a tool for turning diamond crystals. A mixture containing 25 vol. diamond powder, 80/63m size fraction, is spread over the ribbon so that only holes are filled in with diamond powder.The plate with the ribbon and powder is placed between bronze electrodes connected to the pulse electric current source and pressed at 50 MPa, pulse electric current with a density of 1.0 kA/mm2 and a relative pulse duration of 1.0 flowing in the mixture-metal direction.
The mixture being sintered, the diamond-impregnated coating thus produced has the following physico-mechanical properties:
ultimate adhesive strength, MPa 80
porosity, % less than I
cutting speed, mg/min 1.87
Example 5
A 0,5-mm-thick steel netting with holes 0.2 mm in diameter with an electrical resistivity of 0.1i10 6 ohm.m is placed on a steel blank for making a tool for roughing diamond crystals. A mixture containing 24 viol. diamond powder, 163 mum grain size, is spread over the netting so that only holes are filled in with diamond powder. The plate with the netting and powder is placed between electrodes connected to the pulse electric current source and pressed at 35 MPa, pulse electric current with a density of 0.31 kA/mm2 and a relative pulse duration of 0.3 flowing in the mixture-metal direction.
The mixture being sintered, the diariond-impregnated coating thus produced has the following physico-mechanical properties-:
ultimate adhesive strength, MPa 85
porosity, % less than I
cutting speed, mg/min 1.91
Example 6
A 0.1 mm-thick nickel netting with holes 0.05 mm in diameter with an electrical resistivity of 0.12.10.6 6 ohm'm is placed on a steel plate. A mixture containing 50 viol, diainond powder, 50/40 m grain size, is spread over the netting so that only holes are filled in with diamond powder.
The plate with the netting and powder is placed between electrodes connected to the pulse electric current source and dressed at 10 MPa, pulse electric current with a density of 1.5 kA/mm2 and a relative pulse duration of 0.3 flowing in the mixture-me-tal direction.
The mixture being sintered, the diamond-impregnated coating thus produced has the following physico-mechanical properties:
ultimate adhesive strength, MPa 70
porosity, %- less than I.
Claims (4)
1. A method of producing diamond-impregnated coating which comprises applying a mixture containing diamond powder to metal surface and sintering it at a pressure of 10-50 !5Pa, pulse electric current with a density of 0.3-1.5 kA/mm2 and a relative pulse duration of 0.25-1.0 flowing in the mixture-metal direction.
2, A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein use is made of a current-conducting mixture with an electrical resistivity of O.05.l06 - 0.3-10 -3 ohm-m and having the following com?o- sition (vol.%):
diamond powder 24-60
matrix material with an electrical
resistivity of (0.014-1.7).10 6 ohm.m up to 100
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a mixture containing diamond powder is applied by spreading it in a perforated element located on the metal surface, the element being made of a material with an electrical resistivity of (0.014-1.7)e10 -6 ohmm.
4. A method as claimed in any Claims 1 to 3, substantially as Described hereinabove with reference to Examples 1 to 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3706496A DE3706496C1 (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1987-02-27 | Process for the production of a diamond-containing coating |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8703860D0 GB8703860D0 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
| GB2201425A true GB2201425A (en) | 1988-09-01 |
| GB2201425B GB2201425B (en) | 1991-03-27 |
Family
ID=6321991
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8703860A Expired - Fee Related GB2201425B (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1987-02-19 | Method of producing diamond-impregnated coatings |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63210203A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH672320A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3706496C1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2201425B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU198414B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2210064A (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1989-06-01 | Castolin Sa | Alloy coating post-treatment |
| EP0426454A3 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-07-24 | De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited | A method of bonding a composite abrasive compact to a metal containing support |
| EP1048825A1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2000-11-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for applying a wear resistant coating in/on parts of a combustion engine, especially a valve seat |
| US20100005729A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | Guodong Zhan | Pulsed electrical field assisted or spark plasma sintered polycrystalline ultra hard material and thermally stable ultra hard material cutting elements and compacts and methods of forming the same |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03274205A (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1991-12-05 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Locally hardened sintered body and manufacture thereof |
| JPH09505529A (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1997-06-03 | プラスモテッグ エンジニアリング センター | Abrasive material for precision surface treatment and manufacturing method thereof |
| US5643343A (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1997-07-01 | Selifanov; Oleg Vladimirovich | Abrasive material for precision surface treatment and a method for the manufacturing thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1243706A (en) * | 1968-07-19 | 1971-08-25 | John Castlereagh Parker | Method of bonding particles into unitary bodies |
| US3879175A (en) * | 1971-06-24 | 1975-04-22 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Bearing bodies and methods of forming bearing surfaces |
| GB1431801A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1976-04-14 | Armco Steel Corp | Method of producing an article or continuous strip from metallic powder |
| US4018576A (en) * | 1971-11-04 | 1977-04-19 | Abrasive Technology, Inc. | Diamond abrasive tool |
| GB1563728A (en) * | 1976-09-16 | 1980-03-26 | Gen Electric | Brazing tools |
| US4380471A (en) * | 1981-01-05 | 1983-04-19 | General Electric Company | Polycrystalline diamond and cemented carbide substrate and synthesizing process therefor |
-
1987
- 1987-02-18 CH CH591/87A patent/CH672320A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-19 GB GB8703860A patent/GB2201425B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-02-25 JP JP62040526A patent/JPS63210203A/en active Pending
- 1987-02-25 HU HU87724A patent/HU198414B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-27 DE DE3706496A patent/DE3706496C1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1243706A (en) * | 1968-07-19 | 1971-08-25 | John Castlereagh Parker | Method of bonding particles into unitary bodies |
| US3879175A (en) * | 1971-06-24 | 1975-04-22 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Bearing bodies and methods of forming bearing surfaces |
| US4018576A (en) * | 1971-11-04 | 1977-04-19 | Abrasive Technology, Inc. | Diamond abrasive tool |
| GB1431801A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1976-04-14 | Armco Steel Corp | Method of producing an article or continuous strip from metallic powder |
| GB1563728A (en) * | 1976-09-16 | 1980-03-26 | Gen Electric | Brazing tools |
| US4380471A (en) * | 1981-01-05 | 1983-04-19 | General Electric Company | Polycrystalline diamond and cemented carbide substrate and synthesizing process therefor |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2210064A (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1989-06-01 | Castolin Sa | Alloy coating post-treatment |
| GB2210064B (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1992-05-27 | Castolin Sa | Post-treatment of metal-base alloy layers applied by thermal spraying |
| EP0426454A3 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-07-24 | De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited | A method of bonding a composite abrasive compact to a metal containing support |
| EP1048825A1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2000-11-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for applying a wear resistant coating in/on parts of a combustion engine, especially a valve seat |
| US20100005729A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | Guodong Zhan | Pulsed electrical field assisted or spark plasma sintered polycrystalline ultra hard material and thermally stable ultra hard material cutting elements and compacts and methods of forming the same |
| US8617274B2 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2013-12-31 | Smith International, Inc. | Pulsed electrical field assisted or spark plasma sintered polycrystalline ultra hard material and thermally stable ultra hard material cutting elements and compacts and methods of forming the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3706496C1 (en) | 1988-03-17 |
| CH672320A5 (en) | 1989-11-15 |
| JPS63210203A (en) | 1988-08-31 |
| HUT46375A (en) | 1988-10-28 |
| GB8703860D0 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
| HU198414B (en) | 1989-10-30 |
| GB2201425B (en) | 1991-03-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |