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GB2280015A - Cooling tobacco on a conveyor - Google Patents

Cooling tobacco on a conveyor Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2280015A
GB2280015A GB9412372A GB9412372A GB2280015A GB 2280015 A GB2280015 A GB 2280015A GB 9412372 A GB9412372 A GB 9412372A GB 9412372 A GB9412372 A GB 9412372A GB 2280015 A GB2280015 A GB 2280015A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
air
tobacco
cooling
belt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9412372A
Other versions
GB9412372D0 (en
GB2280015B (en
Inventor
Wilfried Stiller
Gitta Juenemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH filed Critical BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Publication of GB9412372D0 publication Critical patent/GB9412372D0/en
Publication of GB2280015A publication Critical patent/GB2280015A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2280015B publication Critical patent/GB2280015B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24BMANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/10Roasting or cooling tobacco
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F26B17/04Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)

Description

A 2280015 Process and device for coolina tobacco material The invention
relates to a process and a device for cooling cut tobacco material according to the characterizing portion of claims 1 and 8.
During the processing of cut tobacco material the cut tobacco, after it has been dried, generally has a temperature of 60 to 7CC. It is desirable to reduce this temperature as rapidly as possible in a cooling step and to reach a temperature of 20 to 3VC before the tobacco is processed further. This is desirable in order to preserve the flavour and the filling properties of the tobacco. If the tobacco is too hot the flavour materials supplied in the next step would evaporate as they are frequently released by alcoholic means. Finally specially treated parts of the tobacco mixture as for example expanded tobacco ribs and expanded cut leaf can partially loose their filling capacity again if the remaining part of the tobacco mixture has an excessive temperature when the parts are brought together. At the same time however the tobacco should be cooled not only rapidly but in as protective a manner as possible. This again applies not only in connection with the flavour but also in connection with the mechanical loading of the tobacco material as the loading capacity of the tobacco fibres is reduced during the cooling operation as the suppleness is reduced.
According to the prior art a cooling and sieve drum made of a wire mesh which is loaded with tobacco from one side is widely used today. The drum has a length of 5 to 10 m and is disposed so that it is slightly inclined. The fed in tobacco is moved by the rotary movement of the drum and taken up in the upward direction from where it falls down again. At the same time cool air flows constantly through the drum. This process has the disadvantage that the tobacco is exposed to powerful mechanical loads whilst it moves along the drum wall or falls down in the drum. This results during the cooling process in tobacco remains, i.e. small tobacco particles up to 2 mm in length and tobacco dust particularly on the colder side where the tobacco is no longer so supple. It is undesirable to use either product for manufacturing cigarettes or other tobacco products.
A process for conditioning tobacco is known from German patent specification DE-PS 24 02 538, during which the tobacco is conveyed by vibration and a conditioning medium flows through it.
Even if the conditioning medium in this process is replaced by cooling air there are still disadvantages. The conveying by vibration leads exactly like the sieve drum to a reduction in size of the tobacco. The air flow is also run from below upwards through the tobacco and under these conditions the tobacco with the more powerful flow of cooling air can be removed from the conveyor belt as cohesive fleece.
The object of this invention is therefore to create a process and a device, by means of which cut tobacco can be rapidly and efficiently cooled so that this cooling is carried out in a particularly careful manner and the creation of tobacco remains or tobacco dust is avoided.
This objective is achieved by the process given in claim 1 and the device mentioned in claim 8. Advantageous developments of the invention are given in the subordinate claims.
According to this process the cut tobacco is moved on a conveyor belt which is penetrable by air. Suction boxes are disposed below the conveyor belt which are open on the belt side and which suck in the air located located above the conveyor belt so that a cooling air flow is generated through the cut tobacco which is supplied with 60 to 7CC from the preceding drying step and which is cooled down to 20 to 3VC for the further processing. The tobacco is held fast on the conveyor belt by the suction of the air from below. The tobacco is not intermixed, stressed or moved into itself and as a result of this the crumbling of the tobacco which used to occur earlier cannot occur. However cooling is effected rapidly and effectively as because of the relative speed between the tobacco fleece resting in the direction of the air flow and the through-flowing air a high conveying of heat (cooling of the tobacco/heating of the air) connected with the conveying of material is produced (tobacco gives off small quantities of moisture so that an additional cooling effect is created).
In order to conserve cooling air and thus also to reduce the quantity of exhaust air, the process can be carried out in two or more stages so that' the ambient air is only sucked in during the final cooling step which is then run over lines from the final suction box to the cooling steps located in front. This is advantageous as the exhaust air generated is tainted with smelling substances and where applicable must be cleaned and its volume kept small.
On an alternative embodiment a rearrangement of the tobacco can also be effected between two cooling stages in each case so that the material can be cooled uniformly.
On a further advantageous embodiment only a part of the air sucked through the tobacco material is carried away as exhaust air. The remaining air is cooled through an intermediate cooler and provided with a corresponding quantity of ambient air can be used again as supply air in recirculated air operation.
The characteristic parameters for the process according to the invention are as follows:
Cut tobacco charging height: Belt speed: Air flow speed through tobacco fleece:
0. 05 to 0. 2 m 0. 05 to 0. 8 m/s 0. 1 to 3 m/s Specific cooling air requirement:
0. 7 to 5 M3 (norm) /kgtobacco On a preferred embodiment with a specific cooling air requirement of 0. 1 to 2. 5 m3 (norm) /kg tobacco the belt speed of the conveyor belt is 0.1 to 0.4 m/s and the air flow speed through the cut tobacco material is 0.6 to 1.2 m/s with a cut tobacco charging height of 0.01 to 0.08 m.
The device for carrying out the above-mentioned process consists basically of a conveyor belt which is penetrable by air, which consists preferably of a fabric belt made of metal wire or plastic fibres and which is run on rolls and of suction boxes disposed below the conveyor belt which are open on the belt side and which are connected to a suction source in such a way that the air located above the conveyor belt is sucked through the conveyor belt and the tobacco located on it.
The suction boxes are preferably sealed against the conveyor belt so that no secondary air is sucked in at the same time. This seal can consist of a lip seal. Alternatively the suction boxes are connected rigidly to rails bearing the conveyor belt.
On an advantageous embodiment cogged cylinders are disposed in the position of the tobacco feed on the conveyor belt which turn in the opposite direction to the flow of tobacco and in this way distribute the tobacco in a uniform layer on the conveyor belt. In this way a uniform and calculable cooling of the tobacco is achieved.
It is advantageous to dispose rotating brushes about the empty belt of the conveyor belt which remove any small particles of tobacco or dust from the conveyor belt surface so that soiling is prevented.
To reduce the quantity of exhaust air and the quantity of required cooling air lines can be provided which direct the exhaust air of a colder stage as supply air to a hotter previous stage whilst only the final stage is acted upon by ambient air.
In addition on a further advantageous embodiment the conveyor belt can be disposed in such a way that the tobacco falls from a first conveyor belt height on to a second deeper conveyor belt height so that the conveyor belt of the second height runs in the opposite direction to the first conveyor belt with the result that a rearrangement of the tobacco is effected.
On a further preferred embodiment according to the invention the air sucked through the cut tobacco material and the conveyor belt is divided in two. One part is given of f as exhaust air and another part is cooled by an intermediate cooler connected to a condensate trap. The quantity ratios of the two volumes to each other are controlled by suitable setting means, e.g. regulating valves. The cooled air can be mixed with the required quantity of ambient air and fed again to the circuit as supply air.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will also be described below in detail on the basis of the following drawings. The drawings show the following:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the device according to the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a graph of the reduction in temperature along the length of the cooling belt.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of the invention and Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of yet another advantageous embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Fig. 1 the cut tobacco 1, particularly in the form of cutleaf or cut rolled stems or as a finished mixture is fed to the conveyor belt 2 which is penetrable by air. The tobacco 1 has a temperature of 60 to 700C as it has just passed through a drying step. The supply is effected preferably by means of a vibration conveying trough 11 in the uniform mass flow. At the beginning of the conveyor belt 2 a cogwheel 6 is preferably disposed which turns in the opposite direction to the flow of tobacco and thus distributes the cut tobacco evenly on the conveyor belt 2. As constant as possible a charging height of the tobacco 2 is important for effective cooling so that all areas of the tobacco layer are evenly cooled in a calculable manner. The conveyor belt 2 runs over rolls 5 and can consist of a fabric belt made of metal wire or plastic fibres. In any case it is penetrable by air. one or more suction boxes 4 which are closed at the side and which are open towards the side of the conveyor belt 2 are disposed below the conveyor belt 2. The suction boxes 4 are provided with a connection for a suction source 10 through which air from the suction boxes 4 can be sucked off. In the embodiment shown here ambient air 3 which is located above the tobacco layer 1 is drawn with the aid of the suction box 4 through the tobacco layer and carried away as exhaust air 8. Under these conditions a large amount of heat is moved and the tobacco 1 is cooled whilst the air 3 is heated. At the same time a conveying of material takes place as the tobacco gives off small quantities of moisture which are still present into the air. In this way an additional cooling effect is created.
In order as f ar as possible only to suck in the air which is located above the tobacco layer 1, the suction boxes 4 should preferably be sealed against the conveyor belt 2. This can be achieved by means of a lip seal, particularly one made of t plastic, or by connecting the suction box 4 rigidly to rails which bear the conveyor belt 2.
Whilst the air 3 is sucked through the tobacco 1 this is conveyed on the conveyor belt 2 without it being moved in itself or subjected to stress. The cooling effect of the air can be used without the tobacco crumbling and only small quantities of tobacco dust or tobacco remains are generated.
As soon as the tobacco has reached a temperature of 20 to 3CC it can be fed to the next processing stage.
If for example the following parameters are chosen for the operation of the above-mentioned embodiment:
Belt width: Belt length: Tobacco charging height: Cooling air throughflow: Cooling air temperature (ambient temperature): Belt speed: Tobacco throughput: Initial tobacco temperature:
0.2 m 2 m 2 to 3 cm 1000 M3/S 2CC 0.2 m/s 180 to 500 7CC the graph shown in Fig. 2 which shows the reduction in temperature along the length of the cooling belt is obtained.
From this it will be seen that with a belt speed of 0.2 m/sec the tobacco has already reached a temperature after 2 m of belt length which is suitable for further processing.
The parameters can naturally be chosen differently but should be held preferably within the following limits:
Cut tobacco charging height: preferably: Belt speed: preferably: Air flow speed through tobacco fleece (related to the unladen belt): preferably: Specific cooling air requirement: preferably:
0.005 to 0.2 m 0.01 to 0.08 m 0.05 to 0.8 m/s 0.1 to 0.4 m/s 0.3 to 3 m/s 0.6 to 1.2 m/s 0.7 to 5 M3/kgtobacco 1 to 2.5 M3/kgtobacco Fig. 3 shows an alterantive embodiment of this invention on which several cooling steps are connected one behind the other. A suction box 4 is associated with each cooling step. The exhaust air of a colder stage is fed as supply air via lines 9 to a previous warmer stage and only the final stage is cooled with ambient air 3. The cooling air from the lines 9 may preferably be fed to the cooling sectors via ventilation hoods 13. In this way a relatively high cooling speed with the least possible quantity of exhaust air is achieved.
On a further embodiment (Fig. 4) the tobacco 1 after cooling on a first conveyor belt 2 is rearranged on a conveyor belt 12 located in a lower position which moves in the opposite direction to the conveyor belt 2. In this way the tobacco material 1 is rearranged in such a protective manner that a breaking of the tobacco does not occur or hardly ever occurs and that on the other hand the position of the tobacco material is altered in such a way that the lower less powerfully cooled layers reach the upper areas which have better access to the cooling air.
This embodiment is also preferably provided with air lines 9 and a ventilation hood 13 so that as on the previous alternative embodiment only the final cooling stage is supplied with ambient air 3. In addition to the first rearrangment a second rearrangement can be made so that the direction of the tobacco 9 - movement af ter the completion of the cooling process corresponds to the direction at the beginning of the cooling process. This would appear to be desirable from a production point of view.
Finally a brush 7 is preferably provided in each case at the empty belt of the conveyor belt 2 which frees the conveyor belt surface 5 from tobacco particles carried on it and in this way ensures an operating sequence which is free from interruptions.
Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment. As described above the cut tobacco 1 is fed to the conveyor belt 2 and distributed there by cogged cylinders 6 to form an even layer. The supply air is fed via a ventilation hood 13 and is sucked through the suction box 4 connected to a suction source 10 through the cut tobacco material 1 and the conveyor belt 2. At the same time the air is heated. It is carried away via lines 9 and divided up into two air flows at a suitable point. one of the air flows is carried away as exhaust air 8 whilst the second air flow is cooled again via an intermediate cooler 14 connected to a condensate trap 16. The quantity of cooled air in relation to the exhaust air 8 is set in particular via regulating valves 15. The cooled air can be mixed with ambient air 3 and can be used again as supply air. With a small flow of quantities of exhaust air a high flow rate of the cooling air is nevertheless achieved so as not to allow too powerful a falling off of the heat transmission coefficient which depends definitively on the Re number and this is dependent in turn on the rate of flow of the cooling air. The recirculated air portion can without intermediate cooling be 30 to 40% and with intermediate cooling it can be raised to almost 100%.
L Reference number lis 1 Cut tobacco 2 Conveyor belt 3 Ambient air 4 Suction box Rolls 6 Cogged cylinders 7 Brushes 8 Exhaust air 9 Line Suction source 11 Tobacco feed 12 Conveyor belt 13 Ventilation hood 14 Intermediate cooler Regulating valves 16 Condensate trap

Claims (19)

Claims
1. Process for cooling cut tobacco material (1) by means of an air flow run through the tobacco material during conveying on a conveyor belt, characterized in that the conveyor belt (2) is penetrable by air and in that air located above the conveyor belt (2), with the aid of suction boxes (4) which are disposed below the conveyor belt (2), which are open on the belt side and which are sealed against the conveyor belt (2), is sucked through the tobaco layer resting on the conveyor belt and the conveyor belt (2) so that a cooling air flow is created in the tobacoo layer.
2. Process according to claim 1, during which the cooling is ef f ected by cooling areas connected behind each other in series, characterized in that a suction box (4) is associated with each cooling area, in that ambient air is sucked through the tobacco material and the associated suction box for the most forwardcooling area in the conveying direction and in that the cooling air is in each case fed to a preceding cooling area and drawn off as exhaust air (8) at the rear suction box.
3. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the tobacco layer (1) is rearranged once or several times after a first cooling step.
4. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that one part of the air sucked through the cut tobacco material is given off as exhaust air (8) whilst another part is recovered via an intermediate cooler (14) as supply air.
5. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the belt speed of the conveyor belt (2) is 0.05 to 0.8 m/s.
6. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air flow speed through the cut tobacco 12 - material (1) is 0.1 to 3 m/s.
7. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the specific cooling air quantity is 0.7 to 5 m3/kg cut tobacco.
8. Device for cooling cut tobacoo material (1) which is continuously conveyed on a conveyor belt, characterized in that at least one suction box (4) is disposed under the conveyor belt (2) which is penetrable by air, over which air (3) located above the conveyor belt can be removed by suction through the tobacco (1) substantially downwards.
9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the conveyor belt (2) consists of a fabric belt made of metal wire or plastic fibre which is penetrable by air and is run over two guide rolls (5).
10. Device according to claim 8 or 9 characterized in that the suction box (4) is sealed against the conveyor belt (2) by a lip seal.
11. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the suction box (4) is connected rigidly to rails bearing the conveyor belt (2).
12. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that a cogged cylinder (6) is disposed in the position of the tobacco feed on the conveyor belt (2) at right angles to the conveyor belt which turns in the opposite direction to the flow of tobacco and distributes this uniformly on the conveyor belt.
13. Device according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that brushes (7) are disposed on the rolls (5) which move the conveyor belt (2) which remove small particles of tobacco or tobacco dust from the conveyor belt surface (5).
1
14. Device according to claim 4, 5, 7 or 8, characterized in that lines (9) are provided which direct the exhaust air (8) in the opposite direction to the conveying direction from colder cooling areas as supply air to warmer cooling areas.
15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the tobacco (1) after the passage of a first conveyor belt (2) provided with a cooling arrangement is rearranged on a conveyor belt (12) which is in a lower position, which runs in the opposite direction and on which a cooling device is also disposed.
16. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the tobacco from the conveyor belt (12) which is in a lower position is run on a third conveyor belt in a lower position which runs in the same direction as the first conveyor belt.
17. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the air sucked through the cut tobacco material (1) is divided up, one part of which is drawn off as exhaust air (8) whilst the other part is cooled via an intermediate cooler (14) and preferably together with ambient air (3) fed again as supply air so that the ratio of the two parts to each other can be set by control means and preferably by regulating valves (15).
18. A process as claimed in Claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 or Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings.
19. A device as claimed in Claim 8 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, Figures 1 and 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 or Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings.
GB9412372A 1993-06-18 1994-06-20 Process and device for cooling tobacco material Expired - Fee Related GB2280015B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4320170A DE4320170C2 (en) 1993-06-18 1993-06-18 Method and device for cooling tobacco material

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9412372D0 GB9412372D0 (en) 1994-08-10
GB2280015A true GB2280015A (en) 1995-01-18
GB2280015B GB2280015B (en) 1997-08-20

Family

ID=6490592

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9412372A Expired - Fee Related GB2280015B (en) 1993-06-18 1994-06-20 Process and device for cooling tobacco material

Country Status (3)

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DE (1) DE4320170C2 (en)
GB (1) GB2280015B (en)
IT (1) IT1270237B (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT412277B (en) * 2003-04-30 2004-12-27 Armin Vonplon METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS DRYING OF GOOD, ESPECIALLY WASTE SLUDGE
WO2015070904A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-21 Easy Dry Systems AG Device for drying material
CN103723505A (en) * 2013-12-19 2014-04-16 云南中烟昆船瑞升科技有限公司 Reconstituted tobacco reciprocating converting device
CN104082843B (en) * 2014-03-29 2015-12-30 贵州大学 The heat classification cycle control method of air energy tobacco roasting system and device thereof
CN105167148B (en) * 2015-09-02 2017-03-01 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 A kind of Nicotiana tabacum L. cutting plate cigarette baking method
CN106871521B (en) * 2017-03-22 2020-08-25 温州雪榕机械科技有限公司 Sheet metal cooling racks with conical discharge flap ramps
CN107917576B (en) * 2017-11-10 2020-06-16 青岛胶平食品有限公司 Air cooling machine for food processing
CN108450992A (en) * 2018-02-11 2018-08-28 钟君婕 Cigarette cooler
CN110693062A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-01-17 安徽理工大学 A display and control device for an automatic temperature-controlled tobacco dryer
CN110731530A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-01-31 安徽理工大学 automatic temperature control tobacco leaf dryer control method

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1241061A (en) * 1968-08-01 1971-07-28 Air Prod & Chem Apparatus for cooling articles to low temperatures
GB2075562A (en) * 1980-04-23 1981-11-18 Drabert Soehne Cooling whilst otherwise treating materials in the form of continuous lengths
GB2134238A (en) * 1983-01-25 1984-08-08 Boc Group Inc Methods and apparatus for refrigerating products

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE552522C (en) * 1932-06-15 Muller J C & Co Device for cooling the tobacco coming from a roasting device
DE1152342B (en) * 1960-02-10 1963-08-01 Quester Fa Wilh Device for cooling and dedusting tobacco, in particular tobacco leaves
DE2402538C2 (en) * 1974-01-19 1985-05-09 Hauni-Werke Körber & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg Method and device for conditioning tobacco
JPS6054028B2 (en) * 1983-12-23 1985-11-28 日本たばこ産業株式会社 Tobacco drying and conditioning equipment
DE3410184A1 (en) * 1984-03-20 1985-10-03 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg METHOD FOR MOISTURIZING SMOKED SMOKE MATERIALS

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1241061A (en) * 1968-08-01 1971-07-28 Air Prod & Chem Apparatus for cooling articles to low temperatures
GB2075562A (en) * 1980-04-23 1981-11-18 Drabert Soehne Cooling whilst otherwise treating materials in the form of continuous lengths
GB2134238A (en) * 1983-01-25 1984-08-08 Boc Group Inc Methods and apparatus for refrigerating products

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4320170C2 (en) 1998-07-02
ITMI941260A1 (en) 1995-12-16
GB9412372D0 (en) 1994-08-10
DE4320170A1 (en) 1994-12-22
GB2280015B (en) 1997-08-20
ITMI941260A0 (en) 1994-06-16
IT1270237B (en) 1997-04-29

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20060620