GB2272060A - Improvements in and relating to position sensing apparatus - Google Patents
Improvements in and relating to position sensing apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2272060A GB2272060A GB9321757A GB9321757A GB2272060A GB 2272060 A GB2272060 A GB 2272060A GB 9321757 A GB9321757 A GB 9321757A GB 9321757 A GB9321757 A GB 9321757A GB 2272060 A GB2272060 A GB 2272060A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- actuating means
- sensing elements
- sensing
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NPRYCHLHHVWLQZ-TURQNECASA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynylpurin-8-one Chemical compound NC1=NC=C2N(C(N(C2=N1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C NPRYCHLHHVWLQZ-TURQNECASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
- G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/25—Selecting one or more conductors or channels from a plurality of conductors or channels, e.g. by closing contacts
- G01D5/251—Selecting one or more conductors or channels from a plurality of conductors or channels, e.g. by closing contacts one conductor or channel
- G01D5/2515—Selecting one or more conductors or channels from a plurality of conductors or channels, e.g. by closing contacts one conductor or channel with magnetically controlled switches, e.g. by movement of a magnet
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
- G01F23/64—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements
- G01F23/72—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements using magnetically actuated indicating means
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Level Indicators Using A Float (AREA)
Description
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IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
POSITION RESPONSIVE APPARATUS
The present invention relates to position responsive apparatus utilising magnetic field sensing, and in particular to improvements in the effective operating distance of actuating and sensing devices thereof.
There are many processes in which a directly contact- ing probe or the like cannot be employed to monitor positional change, for example, because of a hostile environment, the aggressive nature of a material being monitored, or the undesirability of creating a discontinu- ity in a containment vessel. Non-contacting sensors must then be used, such as devices responsive to magnetic fields. An example of such an apparatus used for liquid level sensing has been described in UK Patent Application
No. 9208749.3 to the present applicant. The aforementioned application describes a magnetic field sensing apparatus to which the present invention is particularly suited, and is incorporated herein by reference.
In magnetic field sensing apparatus, the distance between an actuator magnet and one or more sensing devices is an important factor in the correct operation of the apparatus. The medium through which the actuator magnet or magnets must operate upon the sensing device or devices is also an important factor.
In particular, where such sensing apparatus provides an actuator magnet which is in use in a hostile environment, the distance between, and medium separating, the actuator magnet and sensing device may be determined by many other factors. An example of this is where the actuating magnet is provided within a vessel containing high temperature fluid such as in a boiler, and it is necessary to provide adequate thickness of temperature insulation to prevent damage to the sensing devices. It may also be necessary to use a substantial thickness of material in manufacture of the vessel wall in order to
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provide sufficient mechanical strength, for example, where high pressures are involved.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a means for enhancing the effective operating distance of an actuator magnet on the sensing element.
The present invention provides, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, a position-responsive apparatus comprising a series of magnetic field sensing elements (preferably Hall Effect devices in the form of integrated circuits) disposed in succession alongside a path of relative movement of a non-contacting magnetic actuating means to act upon respective sensing elements by proximity thereto, the apparatus including a magnetic flux concentrating element situated between each adjacent pair of sensing elements in the series of such elements, wherein the flux concentrating elements act to direct the magnetic flux from the actuating means onto the sensing elements in a direction parallel to the path of relative movement of the actuating means.
Preferably, the flux concentrating elements comprise rods of material having a magnetic permeability substantially greater than that of free space, such as ferrite.
The apparatus preferably includes a printed circuit board providing electrical connections to sensing elements mounted at spaced apart positions on said board, the flux concentrating elements being mounted on the board between the sensing element positions.
In the prior art, usefulness of such magnetic position sensors as fluid level indicators for sealed vessels has been restricted by the limited range over which the magnetic field from the actuating magnet has been capable of actuating the sensing devices. This has precluded use in cases where a vessel wall interposed between the sensors and the actuating magnet requires a thick insulation coating. The arrangement adopted by the present invention enables effective level sensing even
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when the magnetic actuating means is separated from the sensing elements by a thick layer of temperature insulating material (in excess of 30mm) in addition to a non-magnetic wall of the vessel.
In an advantageous configuration capable of achieving the above performance, the flux concentrating elements have cross-sectional dimensions proximate the sensing devices which correspond substantially with the sensing device dimensions, the flux concentrating elements having a longitudinal dimension approximately four times said cross-sectional dimensions. Sensing elements are preferably solid-state Hall effect devices and may be mutually separated by a distance of approximately 20mm.
The magnetic actuating means may be separated from all of the sensing elements by a distance of at least 10mm.
Furthermore, the non-contacting magnetic actuating means is preferably a ring magnet having a tubular form and comprising a magnetic alloy in which the magnetic crystal domains are oriented lengthwise of the tubular form.
The present invention also provides a method of increasing the effective range of detection of the position of a magnetic actuating means relative to a plurality of magnetic field sensing elements disposed in succession alongside a path of relative movement of the magnetic actuating means, said method including the steps of positioning a flux concentrating element between each pair of said plurality of sensing elements and orienting the flux concentrating elements to direct the magnetic flux from the actuating means onto the sensing elements in a direction parallel to the path of relative movement of the actuating means.
The present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a magnetic float gauge system incorporating the present invention; and
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Figure 2 shows a more detailed schematic diagram of a sensor array suitable for the system of figure 1.
Referring to figure 1, there is shown a liquid level sensing apparatus 10, in the form a magnetic float gauge, including an actuating magnet 12 having north and south poles N, S respectively, which is constrained (by means not shown) to move linearly along a containment vessel wall 14 in accordance with a fluid level 16 therein. The containment vessel wall 14 may, for example include a structural portion 14a of suitable material such as non-magnetic stainless steel, and a substantial thickness of insulating material 14b. On the outside 20 of the containment vessel wall 14, there is provided an array of magnetic field sensing devices 22, for example, solid state Hall effect devices (such as UGS3140U switches supplied by Allegro Microsystems Inc of Worcester, Massachusetts, USA). Each of the sensing devices 22 is separated from the adjacent device 22 by a flux concentrating element 24. The flux concentrating element may be in the form of a ferrite rod, or other material having a suitable value of magnetic permeability which is substantially higher than that of free space.
Magnetic flux density, indicated by magnetic flux lines 30, is concentrated by the ferrite rods 24 to a level substantially greater than that in free space, and flux is directed along the length of any of the rods 24 which are sufficiently close to actuating magnet 12. At each end 25, 26 of the ferrite rods 24, the concentrated flux will be directed to the corresponding end of the adjacent ferrite rod which is in close proximal alignment thereto. The relatively small size of the sensing devices 22 located between the adjacent ferrite rods 24 will cause only a small disturbance in the flux path, particularly if the spacing between the ends 25, 26 of adjacent ferrite rods 24 and the interposed sensing devices 22 is kept to a minimum. The positioning of the ferrite rods 24 has the
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effect of maximizing the flux passing through each sensing device.
While the use of ferrite rods is particularly suited to the embodiment described above in terms of cost and weight, it will be understood that any suitable high magnetic permeability substance may be employed as the flux concentrating element.
With reference to figure 2, there is shown a more detailed diagram of the sensing apparatus of figure 1.
The sensing devices are mounted using known techniques to a printed circuit board 30. Electrical connections to a signal processing circuit (not shown) from each of the sensing devices are made through the board in known manner. A suitable signal processing circuit is fully described in the co-pending application incorporated herein by reference.
Individual ferrite rod flux concentrating elements 24 are mounted on the printed circuit board 30 using plastic cradles 34 in known manner. The rods are positioned in mutual alignment on each side of the sensing devices 22, and the completion of the apparatus preferably includes the sealing of the components into a potting compound 32.
The rods may, for example, be cylindrical.
In a presently preferred embodiment, there are provided fifty sensing devices 22 with ferrite rods 24 therebetween on a board 30 of approximately one metre in length. A ferrite rod diameter of approximately 5mm is preferably used which corresponds broadly with the overall sensing device dimensions. In a presently preferred embodiment, each rod has a length of 18. 5mm. This dimension is entirely exemplary, and other configurations may be used. Where a potting compound 32 is used, it is desirable to use a flexible variety such as polyurethanebased, since the overall length of board 30 is such that any differences in thermal coefficients of expansion between board 30 and compound 32 will require relative
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movement thereof to prevent mechanical damage to the board and its components.
In a presently preferred embodiment, the use of the chain of ferrite rods 24 has been shown to increase the effective working distance over which the actuating magnet
12 may trigger the sensing devices 22 by a factor of at least six. Using a particular known type of ring magnet operating upon the sensor switches described hereinbefore, effective operation. has been shown through a 4mm vessel wall of stainless steel, 6mm insulation layer. Total actuator magnet to sensing device distance of in excess of 30mm has been demonstrated.
The particularly preferred form of actuating magnet for use in the float 12 comprises a magnetic alloy ring of squat tubular form about 20mm long, with a 40mm outside diameter and a 27mm inside diameter. The preferred (R. M) magnetic alloy is known as Alcomaxl3 in the United Kingdom (Alnico 5 in U. S. A. ) and is characterised by metallurgical crystal growth oriented along its length, so that the magnetic domains therein are similarly oriented. North and south magnetic poles are therefore at longitudinally opposed ends of the tubular form. This type of magnet is available from Sermag Limited, of 94 Holywell Road, Sheffield, England.
It will be understood that use of known flux concentrating materials of higher relative magnetic permeability than ferrite will result in further improvement in working distance.
It will also be understood that for further sensitivity improvement, modification of the shape of the flux concentrators may be employed, in which the diameter of the ferrite rods 24 is greater in the centre portion of the rod and smaller at each end thereof in order to focus the flux more precisely to the sensing device, while in general providing a larger overall volume of material for the passage of flux.
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Although the invention has been illustrated by its application to a liquid level indicator comprising a linear chain of flux concentrators, it will be understood that it is capable of being employed for other kinds of position indication, including rotary position. It will also be understood that a single sensing device may be used with one or more flux concentrators situated in suitable positions adjacent thereto.
Claims (10)
1. Position-responsive apparatus comprising a series of magnetic field sensing elements disposed in succession alongside a path of relative movement of a non-contacting magnetic actuating means to act upon respective sensing elements by proximity thereto, said apparatus including a magnetic flux concentrating element situated between each adjacent pair of said series of sensing elements, wherein the flux concentrating elements act to direct the magnetic flux from the actuating means onto the sensing elements in a direction parallel to the path of relative movement of the actuating means.
2. Position-responsive apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said flux concentrating elements comprise rods of material having a magnetic permeability substantially greater than that of free space and the sensing elements comprise solid state Hall effect devices.
3. Position-responsive apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said flux concentrating element is a ferrite rod.
4. Position-responsive apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, including a printed circuit board providing electrical connections to said sensing elements mounted at spaced apart positions on said board, said flux concentrating elements being mounted on said board between said sensing element positions.
5. Position-responsive apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said magnetic actuating means is separated from said sensing elements by a layer of temperature insulating material.
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6. Position-responsive apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said sensing elements are mutually separated by a distance of approximately 20mm, and said magnetic actuating means is separated from all of said sensing elements by a distance of at least 10mm.
7. Position-responsive apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein proximate said sensing devices, said flux concentrating elements have cross-sectional dimensions corresponding substantially with the sensing device dimensions, the flux concentrating elements having a longitudinal dimension approximately four times said cross-sectional dimensions.
8. Position-responsive apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said non-contacting magnetic actuating means comprises a ring magnet having a tubular configuration and comprising a magnetic alloy in which the magnetic crystal domains are oriented lengthwise of the tube.
9. A method of increasing the effective range of detection of the position of a magnetic actuating means relative to a plurality of magnetic field sensing elements disposed in succession alongside a path of relative movement of the magnetic actuating means, said method including the steps of positioning a flux concentrating element between each pair of said plurality of sensing elements and orienting the flux concentrating elements to direct the magnetic flux from the actuating means onto the sensing elements in a direction parallel to the path of relative movement of the actuating means.
10. Apparatus substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9321757A GB2272060B (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1993-10-21 | Improvements in and relating to position responsive apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB929222747A GB9222747D0 (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1992-10-29 | Improvements in and relating to magnetic field sensing apparatus |
| GB9321757A GB2272060B (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1993-10-21 | Improvements in and relating to position responsive apparatus |
| US08/143,227 US5793200A (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1993-10-29 | Position responsive magnetic sensing elements for sensing the position of a member at a remote site |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9321757D0 GB9321757D0 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| GB2272060A true GB2272060A (en) | 1994-05-04 |
| GB2272060B GB2272060B (en) | 1996-05-22 |
Family
ID=27266434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9321757A Revoked GB2272060B (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1993-10-21 | Improvements in and relating to position responsive apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2272060B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0707195A1 (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-04-17 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Magnetically controlled detection of the movement of a mobile part with respect to a fixed part |
| WO1999005475A1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Magnetic position sensor |
| EP0898150A1 (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-02-24 | Penny & Giles Position Sensors Limited | A sensing device |
| US6091238A (en) * | 1995-06-22 | 2000-07-18 | Kevin McDermott | Variable output electrical device |
| US6160395A (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2000-12-12 | Honeywell, Inc. | Non-contact position sensor |
| GB2380799A (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-16 | Antech Ltd | Non-invasive detectors for wells |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0192812A2 (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1986-09-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Position sensing system |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO844058L (en) * | 1984-10-10 | 1986-04-11 | Tiedemanns Tobaksfabrik Joh H | MAGNETIC POSITION DETERMINATION DEVICE. |
-
1993
- 1993-10-21 GB GB9321757A patent/GB2272060B/en not_active Revoked
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0192812A2 (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1986-09-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Position sensing system |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0707195A1 (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-04-17 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Magnetically controlled detection of the movement of a mobile part with respect to a fixed part |
| US5574365A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-11-12 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Travel sensor having a magnetic sensor attached to a truncated pyramid and a movable magnet |
| US6091238A (en) * | 1995-06-22 | 2000-07-18 | Kevin McDermott | Variable output electrical device |
| WO1999005475A1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Magnetic position sensor |
| EP0898150A1 (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-02-24 | Penny & Giles Position Sensors Limited | A sensing device |
| US6160395A (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2000-12-12 | Honeywell, Inc. | Non-contact position sensor |
| GB2380799A (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-16 | Antech Ltd | Non-invasive detectors for wells |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2272060B (en) | 1996-05-22 |
| GB9321757D0 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 773K | Patent revoked under sect. 73(2)/1977 |