GB2267681A

GB2267681A - Abrasive,absorbent composite non-woven web

Info

Publication number: GB2267681A
Application number: GB9211683A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Kenneth J G Currie; Philip J Mogel
Original assignee: Kimberly Clark Ltd
Current assignee: Kimberly Clark Ltd
Priority date: 1992-06-02
Filing date: 1992-06-02
Publication date: 1993-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2012-06-02
Also published as: GB9211683D0; HK1007711A1; GB2267681B

Abstract

An absorbent, abrasive composite nonwoven web (36) includes at least four layers with two of the layers (10, 54) being formed by meltblowing and two of the layers (14, 58) being supporting carrier layers. One of the meltblown layers is an abrasive surface layer (10) formed from a coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer (10) while another meltblown layer is disposed in the interior of the composite web (36) and is adapted to provide absorbency characteristics to the composite. The carrier layers (14, 58) may be formed by spin bonding, bond-carding or meltblowing. <IMAGE>

Description

ABRASIVE ABSORBENT COMPOSITE NONWOVEN WEB The present invention relates to abrasive and absorbent composite nonwoven webs.

Nonwoven thermoplastic webs are well known for a wide variety of end-uses, such as for wipes, hand towels, surgical gowns, dressings and the like. These products are generally made by either meltblowing or spunbonding or a combination of meltblown and spunbonded layers. The processes of both spunbonding and meltblowing are well known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Patent Number 3,978,185 to Bunting el al. which issued on 31 August, 1976, which describes meltblowing and is herein incorporated by reference. Those in the art are also directed to U.S. Patent Number 3,692,618 to Dorschner et al. which issued on 19 September, 1972, which describes spunbonding and is herein incorporated by reference.

Spunbonding generally entails extruding a multiplicity of continuous thermoplastic polymer strands through a multiplicity of die orifices in a downward direction onto a moving surface where the extruded strands are collected in randomly distributed fashion. The randomly deposited strands are then bonded together in a heated nip to provide sufficient integrity to the resulting nonwoven web of generally continuous fibers. Spunbonded webs are generally characterized by a high strength/weight ratio, isotropic strength, high porosity, and good abrasion resistance and are useful for a wide variety of product applications ranging from diaper liners to street repair fabrics.

Meltblowing differs from spunbonding in that the extruded polymer strands may be, depending upon the processing conditions and the material which is being meltblown, broken up and dispersed as individual fibers by a forced air stream before being deposited onto the collecting surface.

In addition, the fibers, depending upon the forming distance, may be substantially cooled by the air so that they do not significantly bond together. In this situation bonding of the web to retain integrity and strength occurs as a separate downstream operation. Alternatively, generally speaking, with shorter forming distance, the meltblown fibers can be deposited in a tacky state so that in-situ autogenous bonding occurs without further bonding steps. Mel tbl own webs are typically characterized by their softness, bulk, absorbency, low porosity and poor abrasion resistance and are useful for a variety of product applications including, for example, surgical drapes and wipes.

Notwithstanding the fact that much nonwoven product development is directed toward products which provide enhanced softness and greater flexibility, those in the art have also developed an inexpensive nonwoven product which is sufficiently abrasive to serve as a cleaning wipe without using added abrasive materials. This wipe is also soft enough to reduce or substantially eliminate scratching the surface being cleaned. This material is disclosed in U.S. Patent Number 4,659,609 to Lammers et al.

which discloses a layered abrasive web including a supporting layer and a meltblown abrasive layer intimately thermally bonded together. The meltblown abrasive layer generally has a basis weight of from about 5 to about 25 grams per square meter (gsm) and is formed from fibers having an average fiber diameter of at least about 40 micrometers, for example, from about 40 to about 85 micrometers. More particularly, the meltblown abrasive layer is formed from fibers having an average fiber diameter of about 50 micrometers. Such a web provides an abrasive wipe at very low materials costs. It is stated that the meltblown layer is very thin, having a basis weight substantially lower than that of typical meltblown webs. It is also stated that the supporting layer, which is preferably a spunbonded web because of its high strength-to-weight ratio, provides necessary product strength and integrity and, in some instances, absorbency. Another example of a product form of this invention is stated to be a single-ply three-layered abrasive wipe (meltblown/spun-bonded/meltblown) in which both outer surfaces are abrasive meltblown layers. A further example is stated to be a three-ply wiping product wherein a first outer ply includes (1) an abrasive meltblown/spunbonded layered web having the abrasive meltblown layer facing outwardly, (2) an inner ply of a water-permeable nonwoven thermoplastic web, and (3) a second outer ply of a water-permeable meltblown thermoplastic web. It is stated that each of these plies is bonded together along the periphery of the wipe and a detergent is contained between the inner ply and the second outer ply.

A still further example of a product form of this invention is a shower cloth comprising a two-layered meltblown/spunbonded web, constructed of two separate plies or one ply folded over on itself, such that the abrasive meltblown layer is the exposed layer on both outer surfaces.

In spite of the availability of these various products, those of skill in the art continue to search for improvements to such products and a need still exists for such improvements for, in some instances, the absorbency of the materials is inadequate or the interlayer cohesion of the material is inadequate. In such circumstances the layers may well delaminate when the material is subjected to the severe shearing forces encountered by a wipe during the wiping operation. In other instances, the abrasiveness of the material may well be unsatisfactory.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In response to the problems, discussed above, which have been encountered by those of skill in the art, a material which may be used as either a wipe or a floor mat has been discovered. The material, which has satisfactory abrasive characteristics and absorbency is provided by a composite nonwoven web which includes (1) a first surface layer including a coarse fiber diameter, shot-laden meltblown layer formed from a thermoplastic material, (2) a first interior layer immediately adjacent the first surface layer formed from a carrier layer of a thermoplastic material, (3) a second surface layer formed from a carrier layer of a thermoplastic material, and (4) a second interior layer immediately adjacent the second surface layer, the second interior layer including a fine fiber diameter, absorbent meltblown layer formed from a thermoplastic material.

In some embodiments both the meltblown and the carrier layers may be formed from a thermoplastic material selected from the group of materials including one or more polyolefins, polyesters, polyethers, polyvinyl chlorides and polyamides. Copolymers or mixtures of one or more of these materials may also be desirable. For example, the meltblown and carrier layers may be formed from polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene or ethylene vinyl acetate. More particularly, the meltblown and carrier layers may be formed from a thermoplastic polypropylene material. In some embodiments, the meltblown and carrier layers may be formed from a thermoplastic polypropylene material.

Typically, the basis weight of the coarse, meltblown surface layer ranges from about 40 to about 100 grams per square meter. For example, the basis weight of the coarse, meltblown surface layer may range from about 60 to about 80 grams per square meter. More particularly, the basis weight of the coarse, meltblown surface layer may range from about 60 to about 70 grams per square meter.

Typically, the basis weight of the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer ranges from about 150 to about 200 grams per square meter. For example, the basis weight of the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer may range from about 160 to about 190 grams per square meter. More particularly, the basis weight of the fine, absorbent, meltblown surface layer may range from about 170 to about 180 grams per square meter.

Typically, the basis weight of the carrier layer adjacent the coarse, meltblown surface layer ranges from about 40 to about 90 grams per square meter. For example, the basis weight of the carrier layer adjacent the coarse, meltblown surface layer may range from about 45 to about 70 grams per square meter. More particularly, the basis weight of the carrier layer adjacent the coarse, meltblown surface layer may range from about 50 to about 55 grams per square meter.

Typically, the basis weight of the carrier layer adjacent the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer ranges from about 10 to about 30 grams per square meter. For example, the basis weight of the carrier layer adjacent the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer may range from about 10 to about 20 grams per square meter. More particularly, the basis weight of the carrier layer adjacent the fine, absorbent, meltblown surface layer may range from about 12 to about 18 grams per square meter.

Typically, the average fiber diameter of the coarse, meltblown surface layer ranges from about 10 to about 80 microns. For example, the average fiber diameter of the coarse, meltblown surface layer may range from about 20 to about 60 microns. More particularly, the average fiber diameter of the coarse, mel tbl own surface layer may range from about 30 to about 50 microns. Average fiber diameter is determined optically and is determined by taking and averaging at least thirty (30) random fiber diameter measurements.

Typically, the average fiber diameter of the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer ranges from about 1 to 10 microns. For example, the average fiber diameter of the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer may range from about 2 to about 5 microns. More particularly, the average fiber diameter of the fine, absorbent, meltblown surface layer may range from about 3 to about 5 microns.

Typically, the average fiber diameter of the carrier layer adjacent the coarse, meltblown surface layer ranges from about 10 to about 30 microns. For example, the average fiber diameter of the carrier layer adjacent the coarse, meltblown surface layer may range from about 15 to about 25 microns. More particularly, the average fiber diameter of the carrier layer adjacent the coarse, meltblown surface layer may range from about 20 to about 25 microns.

Typically, the average fiber diameter of the carrier layer adjacent the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer ranges from about 10 to about 30 microns. For example, the average fiber diameter of the carrier layer adjacent the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer may range from about 15 to about 25 microns. More particularly, the average fiber diameter of the carrier layer adjacent the fine, absorbent, meltblown surface layer may range from about 20 to about 25 microns.

In some embodiments the web may be provided with a mottled surface appearance. The mottled surface effect may be created by the randomized distribution of the coarse shotty meltblown fibers as they are formed into a meltblown web. This effect is further enhanced by the addition of pigments into the polymer feed system.

In some embodiments, one or more of the layers may be treated with a surfactant to enhance moisture transfer through and into the respective layer.

In some embodiments, additional layers may be positioned between the meltblown absorbent layer and the carrier layer adjacent the coarse, shotladen meltblown surface layer.

The composite nonwoven web 'may be used as a floor mat or as a wipe.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is one object of the present invention to provide a wipe having satisfactory abrasive and absorbency characteristics.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a floor mat having satisfactory abrasive and absorbency characteristics.

Still further objects and the broad scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent to those of skill in the art from the details given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is given only by way of illustration because various changes and modifications well within the spirit and scope of the invention should become apparent to those of skill in the art in view of the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure I is a schematic illustrating a method of forming a precursor abrasive composite material.

Figure II is a cross-sectional view of a meltblowing die which may be used in the process schematically presented in Figure I.

Figure III is a schematic illustrating a method of forming a precursor absorbent composite material.

Figure IV is a schematic illustrating a method for joining the abrasive precursor to the absorbent precursor.

Figure V is a cross-sectional view of a four-layered embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Generally, it can be stated that the absorbent, abrasive composite nonwoven web of the present invention is prepared by first forming a precursor abrasive composite material including an abrasive layer joined to a supporting carrier layer. Secondly, a precursor absorbent composite material is formed with the precursor absorbent composite material including an absorbent layer joined to a supporting carrier layer. Lastly, the two precursor composite materials are joined together in such a manner that the abrasive layer of the abrasive precursor composite forms an outer surface layer of the absorbent, abrasive composite nonwoven web material and the absorbent layer of the absorbent precursor composite forms an interior layer of the absorbent, abrasive composite nonwoven web material.

Referring now to the Figures where like reference numerals refer to like structure or a like process step, attention is drawn to Figure I where the process for forming the precursor abrasive composite material is depicted. Figure I reveals that a layer 10 of coarse, shot-laden meltblown fibers 12 is deposited upon a supporting carrier layer 14 to form the precursor abrasive composite material 16.

As used herein, the term "shot" refers to a mass of nonfibrous polymer (solid polymer globules) having a diameter of greater than 0.3 micrometers. A "shot-laden" web or layer is a web or layer which contains shot.

More specifically, polymer feed pellets (not shown) are introduced into an extruder 18 in which the polymer is melted and conveyed to a meltblowing diehead 20. The meltblowing diehead 20 is provided with (1) two forced hot air inlets 22 and 24, a multiplicity of extrusion orifices 26 through which the polymer melt is extruded as a stream of meltblown fibers 12 and (2) converging air slots 28 and 30. Typical meltblowing dieheads 20 may contain from about 10 to about 15 orifices 26 per linear centimeter (ln.cm.) of diehead 20. For example, the meltblowing diehead 20 may contain from about 12 orifices 26 per linear centimeter of diehead 20. The orifices 26 typically may range in diameter from about 0.0040 to about 0.0070 centimeters. For example, the orifices 26 may have a diameter of about 0.0057 centimeters.

As the polymer melt exits the meltblowing diehead 20, the interaction of the extrudate with hot air from the air slots 28 and 30 disrupts the extrudate to form generally discontinuous, semi-molten meltblown fibers 12 which immediately begin to solidify. However, in the present invention, prior to solidification of the fibers 12, while they are still at an elevated temperature and in a bondable condition, the fibers 12 are deposited onto the supporting carrier layer 14 at which time they intimately thermally bond thereto as the process of their solidification is completed. The resulting two layered precursor abrasive composite material 16 includes (1) a coarse, shot-laden abrasive meltblown layer 10 having an average fiber diameter of from about 10 to about 80 microns and a basis weight of from about 40 to about 100 grams per square meter, and (2) a supporting carrier layer 14 having an average fiber diameter of from about 10 to 30 microns and a basis weight of from about 40 to about 90 grams per square meter.

For example, the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 may have an average fiber diameter of from about 20 to about 60 microns. More particularly, the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 may have an average fiber diameter of from about 30 to about 50 microns.

For example, the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 may have a basis weight of from about 60 to about 80 grams per square meter. More particularly, the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 may have a basis weight of from about 60 to about 70 grams per square meter.

For example, the support or carrier layer 14 upon which the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 is deposited may have an average fiber diameter of from about 15 to about 25 microns. More particularly, the support or carrier layer 14 upon which the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 is deposited may have an average fiber diameter of from about 20 to about 25 microns.

For example, the support or carrier layer 14 upon which the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 is deposited may have a basis weight of from about 45 to about 70 grams per square meter. More particularly, the supporting carrier layer 14 may have a basis weight of from about 50 to about 55 grams per square meter.

If desired, the precursor abrasive composite material 16 may then be calendared as is schematically represented at 32 and wound onto a storage roll 34 for subsequent utilization in forming the absorbent, abrasive composite nonwoven web 36 of the present invention.

As shown in Figure I, the supporting carrier layer 14 may be provided from a supply roll 40 and is simply unwound at the desired rate, or it can also be provided by forming it in-line on the forming wire 42 prior to deposition of the meltblown fibers 12 which will form the meltblown layer 10 on it.

Suitable polymer feed materials for producing the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 of the precursor abrasive composite layer 16 include, without limitation, thermoplastic materials selected from the group of materials including one or more polyolefins, polyesters, polyethers, polyvinyl chlorides and polyamides. Copolymers or mixtures of one or more of these materials may also be desirable. For example, the coarse, shotladen meltblown layer 10 may be formed from polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene or ethylene vinyl acetate. More particularly, the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 may be formed from a thermoplastic polypropylene material. Suitable commercially available materials include Exxon 3045 and Hercules PRO-FAX polypropylene pellets.

Suitable types of processes which can be utilized to form the supporting layer 14 of the composite precursor abrasive web 16 of the present invention include spinbonding processes, bonded-carded processes, and meltblowing processes. Any of these processes may be utilized to form the support layer 14 and a wide variety of polymers or mixtures of polymers may be used to form the support layer 14. Exemplary of these types of materials are the materials discussed in the immediately preceding paragraph with regard to the meltblown abrasive layer 10. Any of these materials may, likewise, be utilized to form the support layer 14.

Of course, other fibers and/or particulates such as, for example, cellulosic fibers, wood pulp fibers, activated charcoal and hydrogel materials such as superabsorbent hydrogel materials may, if desired, be included within either of the layers 10 or 14 for a variety of differing reasons. For example, activated charcoal may be incorporated into the support layer as an aid in removing odors which might arise during use of the present invention.

It is desired that the supporting carrier layer 14 have a softening point which is sufficiently lower than the temperature of formation of the meltblown fibers 12 and that the meltblown fibers 12 be formed from a material which is miscible with material from which the supporting carrier material 14 is formed. This relationship assures that thermal bonding occurs between the fibers of the two layers when the fibers 12 of the meltblown layer 10 are deposited upon the supporting carrier layer 14.

Suitable polymeric materials from which the supporting carrier layer 14 may be produced include, without limitation, thermoplastic materials selected from the group of materials including one or more polyolefins, polyesters, polyethers, polyvinyl chlorides and polyamides. Copolymers or mixtures of one or more of these materials may also be desirable. For example, the supporting carrier layer 14 may be formed from polyethylene, such as linear low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene or ethylene vinyl acetate. More particularly, the supporting carrier layer 14 may be formed from a thermoplastic polypropylene material. One desirable material is a thermoplastic polypropylene material having a weight average molecular weight greater than about 200,000. This thermoplastic material is desired because of its availability, ease of spinning, and abrasive properties. Suitable commercially available materials include Exxon 3045 and Hercules PRO-FAX polypropylene pellets.

Figure II illustrates, in schematic cross-section, the configuration of the meltblowing diehead 20 illustrated in Figure I. The meltblowing diehead 20 includes a polymer melt supply passageway 44 which is stepped down in size to about 0.0057 centimeters at the orifice 26. Depending upon processing conditions, the orifices 26 may have a recessed, stuckout or tangential configuration with respect to the dietip 46 of the diehead 20.

While the recessed configuration is illustrated in Figure II, under some processing conditions a "stuck-out" configuration may be more desirable.

The extrusion temperature of the polymeric material which will form the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 will vary somewhat with the thermoplastic polymeric material used. If thermoplastic polypropylene is utilized, the temperature of extrusion may vary from about 228 degrees centigrade (443 degrees F.) to about 315 degrees centigrade (600 degrees F.). The meltblowing diehead 20 is also provided with hot air slots 48 and 50 which converge to form a slot opening 52 and extend the width of the meltblowing diehead. In operation, hot air is supplied to the hot air inlets 22 and 24 which communicate with the hot air slots 48 and 50. When the hot air exits the slot opening 52, a downward hot air flow is formed which disrupts the polymer extrudate as it leaves the orifices 26 of the meltblowing diehead 20. The hot air flow serves to draw out and attenuate the extruded fibers 12 and the flow rate can be used to control the resulting fiber diameter and, to a certain degree, the abrasiveness of the resulting meltblown layer 10. This statement may be arrived at from the fact that, if all else is generally the same, the greater the fiber diameter of the meltblown fibers 12, the greater will be the abrasion resistance of the meltblown layer 10. In this regard, it is known that, generally speaking, lower hot air flow rates provide thicker more abrasive resistant fibers and higher flow rates create thinner less abrasive resistant fibers.

The resulting meltblown fibers 12 are blown downwardly onto the supporting carrier layer 14 which is juxtaposed upon the forming wire 42.

As has been previously stated, it is important that the meltblown fibers 12 are deposited upon the supporting carrier layer 14 before the fibers 12 have sufficient time to solidify. Hence, the meltblown fibers 12 are deposited upon the supporting carrier layer 14 while they are in a semi-molten state. This action not only fosters the formation of shot but also permits the meltblown fibers 12 to intimately thermally bond to the supporting carrier layer 14. To achieve adequate shot formation and satisfactory deposition of the meltblown fibers 12 while they are still in a semi-molten state, a number of parameters should be properly balanced. For example, the polymer flow rate and the hot air flow rate should be properly adjusted. Likewise, the diameter of the slot opening 52, and the distance between the die tip 46 and the supporting carrier layer 14 should be adjusted. These adjustments are known to those of skill in the art. In the past, these conditions have occasionally inadvertently occurred during commercial meltblown fiber operations which were manufacturing fine denier meltblown webs. The resulting material has been referred to by those in the art as "shotty" or "shot-laden" material and was typically rejected as unsatisfactory waste material. However, consistent formation of a semi-molten shot-laden meltblown layer 10 onto the carrier layer 14 greatly improves the abrasive characteristics of the meltblown layer 10 of the present invention and, therefore, such process conditions are desirable for purposes of forming the abrasive meltblown layer 10 of the precursor abrasive composite nonwoven web 36 of the present invention.

It has been found that the abrasive meltblown layer 10 of the present invention can be formed directly upon the supporting carrier layer 14 by the above said apparatus and process using a polypropylene polymer having a melt flow rate when measured in accordance with ASTM D 1238 condition L (230 degrees C.) of from about 25 to 1,000 decigrams per minute. These materials are extruded through the orifices 26 of the die tip 46 at a temperature of from about 225 degrees Centigrade (403 degrees F.) to about 280 degrees Centigrade (536 degrees F.) and at a rate of from about 0.25 to about 0.71 kilograms per linear centimeter of die tip 46 width per hour. Additionally, hot air having a temperature of from about 200 to 300 degrees Centigrade ( 392 to about 572 degrees F.) is passed though the meltblowing diehead 20 at a pressure of from about 0.25 to about 1 pounds per square inch and at a flow rate of from about 50 to about 125 standard cubic feet per minute. Further, the tip 46 of the meltblowing diehead 20 is maintained at a distance of from about 25 to about 35 centimeters (10 to about 14 inches) from the supporting carrier layer 14. These conditions result in the deposition of semi-molten polypropylene fibers 12 having an average fiber diameter of from about 40 to about 70 micrometers (microns).

This average fiber diameter is substantially greater than conventional non-elastic meltblown fibers, which typically have fiber diameters of less than about 10 micrometers.

Experimentation has demonstrated that polypropylene material with a melt flow rate of about 35 decigrams per minute when measured in accordance ASTM D 1238, condition L (230 degrees C.), provides desirable results when extruded at a temperature of about 279 degrees Centigrade (535 degrees F.) and subjected to primary air heated to a temperature of about 290 degrees Centigrade (554 degrees F.) and applied at a pressure of about 0.6 pounds per square inch and at a rate of about 95 standard cubic feet per minute. The resulting fibers have an average (average is of 30 measurements) fiber diameter of about 46 microns with a standard deviation of about 23 microns. The range of fiber diameters observed was from about 15 microns to about 100 microns. The forming distance between the dietip and the forming wire 42 was about 31 centimeters ( about 12 inches).

Other polypropylene materials have been tested. For example, polypropylene material with a melt flow rate of about 90 decigrams per minute when measured in accordance ASTM D 1238, condition L (230 degrees C.), when extruded at a temperature of about 248 degrees Centigrade (478 degrees F.) and subjected to primary air heated to a temperature of about 280 degrees Centigrade (535 degrees F.) and applied at a pressure of about 1.0 pounds per square inch and at a rate of about 100 standard cubic feet per minute provides fibers have an average (average is of 30 measurements) fiber diameter of about 68 microns with a standard deviation of about 39 microns. The range of fiber diameters observed was from about 10 microns to about 150 microns. The forming distance between the dietip and the forming wire 42 was about 31 centimeters ( about 12 inches).

Additionally, polypropylene material with a melt flow rate of about 800 decigrams per minute when measured in accordance ASTM D 1238, condition L(230 degrees C.), when extruded at a temperature of about 228 degrees Centigrade (443 degrees F.) and subjected to primary air heated to a temperature of about 195 degrees Centigrade (385 degrees F.) and applied at a pressure of about 0.3 pounds per square inch and at a rate of about 75 standard cubic feet per minute provides fibers have an average (average is of 33 measurements) fiber diameter of about 62 microns with a standard deviation of about 37 microns. The range of fiber diameters observed was from about 25 microns to about 200 microns. The forming distance between the dietip and the forming wire 42 was about 31 centimeters ( about 12 inches).

In some embodiments, it may be desirable to treat the precursor abrasive composite 16 with wetting agents such as, for example, surfactants. Exemplary materials of this type may be obtained under the trade designations Gemtex Sm-33 (a nonionic surfactant), Triton X-102 (an nonionic surfactant) and Aerosol OT (an anionic surfactant).

Reference is now directed to Figure III where the process for forming the precursor absorbent composite material is depicted. Figure III reveals that a layer 54 of conventional fine denier meltblown fibers 56 is deposited upon a supporting carrier layer 58 to range from about 2 to about 5 microns. More particularly, the average fiber diameter of the fine, absorbent, meltblown surface layer 54 may range from about 3 to about 5 microns.

Typically, the average fiber diameter of the spunbonded layer 58 adjacent the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer ranges from about 10 to about 30 microns. For example, the average fiber diameter of the spunbonded layer 58 adjacent the fine, absorbent, meltblown layer may range from about 15 to about 25 microns. More particularly, the average fiber diameter of the spunbonded layer 58 adjacent the fine, absorbent, meltblown surface layer may range from about 20 to about 25 microns.

The materials which are stated above as being satisfactory to form the abrasive meltblown layer 10 and the supporting carrier layer 14 are, likewise, generally satisfactory for use in the formation of the absorbent meltblown layer 54 and the supporting carrier layer 58.

As was the case with the supporting carrier layer 14, the supporting carrier layer 58 may be formed through the utilization of a wide variety of processes. For example, the supporting carrier layer 58 may be formed by spunbonding processes, bonded-carded web processes and meltblowing processes.

In s-ome embodiments, it may be desirable to treat the absorbent meltblown layer 54 with conventional materials which enhance its ability to absorb liquids. The materials may enhance the layer's absorbing ability by either increasing the amount of liquid the layer 54 can absorb or by increasing the rate of absorption of liquids by the layer 54. Exemplary materials of this type include, without limitation, materials sold under the trade designations Gemtex Sm-33 (a nonionic surfactant), Triton X-102 (a nonionic surfactant) and Aerosol OT (an anionic surfactant).

Figure IV is a schematic representation of the process by which the two precursor materials 16 and 60 are joined to form the absorbent, abrasive composite nonwoven web 36 of the present invention. Figure.IV illustrates that the two precursor webs 16 and 60 are unwound and superposed in overlying juxtaposed configuration in such a manner that the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer 10 of the abrasive precursor web 16 forms an outer surface with the fine denier, absorbent meltblown layer 54 of the absorbent precursor web 60 being placed next to the supporting carrier layer 14 of the coarse, shot-laden abrasive meltblown layer 10 of the abrasive precursor web 16.

Once the two precursor webs 16 and 60 have been so positioned, they are passed through a station 62 where they are joined together in a conventional manner. The station 62 generally includes two pairs of nip rolls 64/66 and 69/70 which serve to maintain the alignment of the precursor materials 16 and 60 and a joining arrangement 72. A variety of different methods for joining the two precursor webs 16 and 60 together may be utilized. For example, the two precursor webs 16 and 60 may be joined together by adhesive application or thermal bonding. One desirable method for joining the two precursor webs 16 and 60 together is ultrasonic bonding. Ultrasonic bonding may be accomplished through the use of a Calemard ultrasonic bonder. In this machine the bonding working width is about 1.6 meters. The working width is covered by seven ultrasonic sealing devices (type HS 20 1200 W) with a titanium booster and a nine inch coated titanium horn. The frequency of vibration is about 20 kilohertz and the bonding heads can be raised and lowered independently and collectively.

Operation speeds may be in the range of from about 5 to in excess of 20 meters per minute.

In some embodiments, it may be desirable to insert or apply a wide variety of material between the precursor materials 16 and 60 prior to their being joined together at the station 62. Thus, the present invention contemplates embodiments which include more than four layers described in detail in this application.

Figure V is a cross-sectional schematic view of a four-layer embodiment of the present invention which has been discussed with respect to Figures I-IV.

Those of skill in the art will readily recognize that a wide variety of variations of the embodiment discussed above may be made. For example, additional layers performing other functions may be interposed between the two precursor layers and all of the layers may be joined together at the joining station 62. Additionally, other layers may be juxtaposed adjacent the supporting carrier layer 58 of the fine denier absorbent meltblown layer 54 of the absorbent precursor 60. Such layers may even take the form of, for example, a film layer which prevents a user's hand from becoming wet when the final product is to be used as a wipe.

In some further embodiments it may be desirable to despense with the supporting carrier layer 58 of the fine denier absorbent meltblown layer 54 altogether. In such a situation the fine denier absorbent meltblown layer 54 can, if such is desired, be formed directly on the surface of the supporting carrier layer 14 for the abrasive meltblown layer 10. Such an arrangement would result in a three layer embodiment.

In all of the product forms of this invention, it may be advantageous to impregnate various layers with various additives, such as detergents, surfactants, cleaners, bleaches, perfumes, disinfectants, germicides, virucides and absorbent particles such as, for example, wood pulp fibers and/or hydrogel particles commonly referred to as superabsorbent particulates.

The material of the present invention may be utilized in a wide variety of environments. Typically, the wipe or mat will be utilized for a limited period of time, disposed of, and replaced with another wipe or mat.

Claims

1. A composite nonwoven web comprising a coarse, shotladen meltblown layer formed from a thermoplastic material, the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer being a surface layer of the composite nonwoven web; a first supporting carrier layer immediately adjacent the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer, the supporting carrier layer being formed from a thermoplastic material; an absorbent meltblown layer formed from a thermoplastic material, the absorbent meltblown layer being an interior layer of the nonwoven web; and a second supporting carrier layer immediately adjacent the absorbent meltblown layer, the second supporting carrier layer being formed from a thermoplastic material.

2. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 1, wherein at least one of the supporting carrier layers is formed of a polyolefin, polyester, polyether, polyvinyl chloride or polyamide.

3. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 wherein at least one of the supporting carrier layers is formed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene or ethylene vinyl acetate.

4. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein at least one of the supporting carrier layers is a spunbonded layer, a bonded-carded layer or a meltblown layer.

5. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein at least one of the supporting carrier layers is formed from a spunbonded thermo-plastic polypropylene material.

6. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein at least one of the meltblown layers is formed of one or more polyolefins, polyesters, polyethers, polyvinyl chlorides or polyamides.

7. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein at least one of the meltblown layers is formed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene or ethylene vinyl acetate.

8. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein at least one of the meltblown layers is formed from a thermoplastic polypropylene material.

9. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the average fiber diameter of the coarse, shot-laden layer is from about 10 to about 80 microns.

10. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 9 wherein the average fiber diameter of the coarse, shotladen layer is from about 20 to about 60 microns.

11. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the average fiber diameter 6f the coarse, shotladen layer is from about 30 to about 50 microns.

12. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any preceding Claim wherein the basis weight of the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer is about 40 to about 100 grams per square meter.

13. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the basis weight of the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer is from about 60 to about 80 grams per square meter.

14. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 13 wherein the basis weight of the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer is from about 60 to about 70 grams per square meter.

15. A composite non-woven web substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

15. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the basis weight of the first supporting carrier layer is from about 40 to about 90 grams per square meter.

16. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 15 wherein the basis weight of the first supporting carrier layer is from about 45 to about 70 grams per square meter.

17. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 16 wherein the basis weight of the first supporting carrier layer is from about 50 to about 55 grams per square meter.

18. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the basis weight of the interior absorbent layer is from about 150 to about 200 grams per square meter.

19. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 18 wherein the basis weight of the interior absorbent layer is from about 160 to about 190 grams per square meter.

20. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 19 wherein the basis weight of the interior absorbent layer is from about 170 to about 180 grams per square meter.

21. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the basis weight of the second supporting carrier layer is from-about 10 to about 30 grams per square meter.

22. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 21 wherein the basis weight of the second supporting carrier layer is from about 10 to about 20 grams per square meter.

23. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in Claim 22 wherein the basis weight of the second supporting carrier layer is from about 12 to about 18 grams per square meter.

24. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the web is pigmented to provide a mottled appearance.

25. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims which is adapted for use as a floor mat.

26. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of Claims 1-24 wherein the web is adapted for use as a wipe.

27. A composite nonwoven web comprising a coarse, shotladen meltblown layer having a basis weight of from about 40 to about 100 grams per square meter and an average fiber diameter of from about 10 to 80 microns, the shot-laden meltblown layer being formed from a thermoplastic material, the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer being a surface layer of the composite nonwoven web; a first spunbonded supporting carrier layer formed from a thermoplastic material, the first carrier layer being adjacent the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer, the supporting carrier layer having a basis weight of from about 40 to about 90 grams per square meter and an average fiber diameter of from about 10 to 30 microns; an absorbent meltblown layer formed from a thermoplastic material, the absorbent meltblown layer having a basis weight of from about 150 to about 200 grams per square meter an average fiber diameter of from about 1 to 10 microns, the absorbent meltblown layer being an interior layer of the nonwoven web; and a second spunbonded supporting carrier layer formed from a thermoplastic material, the second carrier layer having a basis weight of from about 10 to about 30 grams per square meter and an average fiber diameter of from about 10 to 30 microns and being located adjacent the absorbent meltblown layer.

28. A composite nonwoven web comprising a coarse, shotladen meltblown polypropylene layer having a basis weight of from about 60 to about 70 grams per square meter and an average fiber diameter of from about 30 to 50 microns, the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer being a surface layer of the composite nonwoven web; a first spunbonded polypropylene supporting carrier layer adjacent the coarse, shot-laden polypropylene meltblown layer, the supporting carrier layer having a basis weight of from about 50 to about 55 grams per square meter and an average fiber diameter of from about 20 to 25 microns; an absorbent meltblown polypropylene layer having a basis weight of from about 170 to about 180 grams per square meter an average fiber diameter of from about 3 to 5 microns, the absorbent meltblown layer being an interior layer of the nonwoven web; and a second supporting spunbonded polypropylene carrier layer having a basis weight of from about 12 to about 18 grams per square meter and an average fiber diameter of from about 20 to 25 microns and being located adjacent the absorbent meltblown layer.

29. A composite nonwoven web substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 1. A composite nonwoven web comprising a surface layer of coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer formed from a thermoplastic material, a first supporting carrier layer formed from a thermoplastic material and in contact with the interior surface of the surface layer; and absorbent meltblown layer formed from a thermoplastic material and contacting the other surface of the first carrier layer; and a second supporting carrier layer of thermoplastic material, immediately adjacent to the absorbent meltblown layer.

5. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein at least one of the meltblown layers is formed of one or more polyolefins, polyesters, polyethers, polyvinyl chlorides or polyamides.

6. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein at least one of the meltblown layers is formed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene or ethylene vinyl acetate.

7. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the average fibre diameter of the coarse, shot-laden layer is from about 10 to about 80 microns, preferably from about 20 to about 60 microns, more preferably from about 30 to about 50 microns.

8. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any preceding Claim wherein the basis weight of the coarse, shot-laden meltblown layer is from about 40 to about 100 grams per square metre, preferably from about 60 to about 80 grams per square metre, more preferably from about 60 to about 70 grams per square metre.

9. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the basis weight of the first supporting carrier layer is from about 40 to about 90 grams per square metre, preferably from about 45 to about 70 grams per square metre, more preferably from about 50 to about 55 grams per square metre.

10. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the basis weight of the interior absorbent layer is from about 150 to about 200 grams per square metre, preferably from about 160 to about 190 grams per square metre, more preferably from about 170 to 180 grams per square metre.

11. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the basis weight of the second supporting carrier layer is from about 10 to about 30 grams per square meter, preferably from about 10 to about 20 grams per square metre, more preferably from about 12 to about 18 grams per square metre.

12. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims wherein the web is pigmented to provide a mottled appearance.

13. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of the preceding Claims which is adapted for use as a floor mat.

14. A composite nonwoven web as claimed in any of Claims 1-13 wherein the web is adapted for use as a wipe.