GB2266179A - Electrochemical cells with complex of sulphur trioxide and tertiary amine polymer as cathode - Google Patents
Electrochemical cells with complex of sulphur trioxide and tertiary amine polymer as cathode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2266179A GB2266179A GB9207397A GB9207397A GB2266179A GB 2266179 A GB2266179 A GB 2266179A GB 9207397 A GB9207397 A GB 9207397A GB 9207397 A GB9207397 A GB 9207397A GB 2266179 A GB2266179 A GB 2266179A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- electrochemical cell
- cell according
- complex
- electrolyte
- sulphur trioxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 13
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000075 poly(4-vinylpyridine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006355 Tefzel Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound C=C.FC(F)=C(F)F QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOZVEOGRIFZGRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].ClS(Cl)=O Chemical compound [Li].ClS(Cl)=O SOZVEOGRIFZGRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000885 poly(2-vinylpyridine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 pyridine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/34—Introducing sulfur atoms or sulfur-containing groups
- C08F8/36—Sulfonation; Sulfation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
- C08F2800/20—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as weight or mass percentages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Electrochemical cells of the non-aqueous type have a cathode composition consisting of a solid complex of sulphur trioxide and a polymeric tertiary amine eg. polyvinyl pyridine or polymethyl pyrrole. High energy density is achieved by virtue of the high EMF generated in a cell which has an alkali or an alkaline earth metal as the anode. The compositions are especially suitable for secondary cells since the micro-structure of the polymeric complex is essentially maintained after the incorporation of metal ions. The utilisation of sulphur trioxide as a solid complex obviates the presence of the highly corrosive liquid material in contact with the alkali or alkaline earth metal anode and the cell container and results in a battery system having long storage and service life.
Description
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS WITH A NOVEL CATHODE COMPOSITION
This invention is concerned with a novel positive electrode composition for electrochemical cells of the non-aqueous type.
A high energy and power density together with superior charge retention over prior art systems are salient features of the new electrode composite as is the relatively low cost and nontoxicity of the starting materials.
An outstanding need exists for more efficient storage of electrical energy by redox chemical conversion. At present, most applications for a rechargeable or secondary battery system are met by either the lead acid or the nickel cadmium types, these being capable of storing a maximum of around 35
Watt.hours per Kg. of battery weight. For electric vehicles to be viable, the energy density available from existing systems is totally inadequate and this restricts the development of vehicles to compete with those powered by internal combustion engines. In the field of portable communications equipment, the need for greater amounts of electrical energy to be stored in handsets is a top priority.
A target energy density of 100 Watt.hours per Kg. is generally regarded as being an acceptable and realistic value for the new generation of rechargeable batteries. In order to achieve this threefold increase over existing electro- chemical systems, it is necessary to resort to non-aqueous media. Primary or non-rechargeable battery systems based on lithium metal as anode are capable of delivering over 1,000
Watt.hours per Kg. are now well established. The lithium thionyl chloride system is a good example of a high energy primary couple but it is not rechargeable. Sodium/sulphur and sodium/metal chloride systems under development are being reported to have good reversibility and to give energy densities in excess of 100 Watt.hours per Kg.These systems have an operating temperature around 3500C,, which limits their viability and casts doubts on safety in use
It is an important object of the present invention that the chosen electrochemical system is operational at ambient temperatures, obviating the need for an external heating source. This is achieved by the use of electrolytes based on non-aqueous solvents which are liquid over a wide temperature range and have good ionic conductivity. Suitable electrolytes consist of organic or inorganic solvents or mixtures thereof, with salts of the alkali or alkaline earth metal which forms the negative electrode dissolved therein.
A non-rechargeable lithium battery system, well known as a power source for heart pacemakers, comprises a positive electrode which is a complex compound of iodine and poly2-vinyl pyridine (PVP.I). In this system, the PVP polymer material forms a solid solution with iodine and regulates the latter's reaction with lithium metal since there is no discrete separator present. This system is not reversible and has very low rate capability. By contrast, a very high rate primary lithium system uses liquid sulphur dioxide (SO2) ås active cathode material, the SO, also serving as electrolyte solvent or co-solvent. This system can be discharged at high rates down to -40 C. but extensive development work aimed at making it rechargeable, has met with only limited success.It is a major object of the present invention to provide a polymeric material having functional groups which will form an insoluble complex with a highly active Lewis acid such as SO, or S03 and confer much higher rate capability than that achieved in the PVP.Iodine complex but be electrochemically reversible.
It has been known for some considerable time that a solution of sulphur trioxide containing an ionically conducting lithium salt generates an EMF of around 4.5 Volts
Attempts to utilise such an electrochemical cell have been unsuccessful mainly because of the high reactivity of SO, to other cell constituents, including the separator and the container as well as the lithium anode itself.Solid complexes are formed by combination of SO3 with monomeric tertiary amines, including heterocyclic compounds such as pyridine, these being stable in the absence of moisture to around 2000C. These complexes are unsuitable as cathode materials because of their ready solubility in excess SO SO3 and other highly polar solvents, liquid amine being generated on reaction of lithium with SO3.
The present invention provides an electrochemical cell in which sulphur trioxide is immobilised on a polymeric network having a matrix of tertiary nitrogen sites available for complex formation. The requisite source materials are derived from the polymerisation of tertiary amines having an unsaturated side chain or the oxidative polymerisation of conjugated heterocyclic compounds containing tertiary nitrogen. A solid insoluble composite is formed by direct combination of SO3 with such polymers.
Although many polymeric structures fall within the scope of this ihvention, the examples given below are selected mainly because they are available, performance being non- optimised:
poly-(4-vinylpyridine)
poly-(2-vinylpyridine)
poly-(N-vinylpyrrole) and the oxidised form poly-(N-methylpyrrole) The composite cathode active material is formed by the combination of SO3 with the polymer at the tertiary amine site in the monomer units in a 1:1 ratio. For the intended application, it is essential that the polymer and the SO3 used in preparation of the composite are completely anhydrous.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided an electrochemical cell, the positive electrode of which consists of a polymer/SO3 complex as described above in contact with a suitable current collector. Certain polymers of the "conjugated" type, an example of which is poly-(N-methyl pyrrole) , are electronically conductive to a sufficient degree to carry current from the reactive sites in the complex to the positive terminal. Non conductive polymers require the addition of carbon black or similar finely divided inert conductive material to be in intimate contact with the polymer complex. The anode (negative electrode) of the cell may be a light metal or light metal alloy. Lithium is the preferred anode material, giving the highest energy density and voltage.
Alloys of lithium with carbon or aluminium may be used to improve the electrochemical stability to the electrolyte. For high rate applications, anhydrous liquid electrolytes are required by virtue of their good ionic conductivity. Solid polymer electrolytes may also be used for low rate applications.
Lithium ion conductivity is achieved in both instances by the incorporation of suitable salts such as LiCF3 SO3. Liquid electrolytes may consist of mixtures of aprotic organic solvents and/or liquid sulphur dioxide. For use with liquid electrolytes, a chemically resistant microporous separator is essential. Preferred materials are fluoropolymers such as Tefzel (Dupont) or polyvinylidene fluoride which resist attack by the strongly oxidising SO3/polymer cathode complex.
EXAMPLE:- Poly-(4-vinylpyridine), crosslinked with 2% divinylbenzene was added to an equal weight of freshly distilled sulphur trioxide in a glass stoppered conical flask under dry nitrogen. The polymer complex was filtered in a dry nitrogen atmosphere and dried on a glass frit filter funnel. A slurry consisting of 92% P#VP.SO3 complex, 6% Vulcan XC72 carbon black and 2% polyvinylidene fluoride in cyclohexane was prepared and coated onto 18 micron aluminium foil. Solvent was removed by gently heating under vacuum. The coated foil was placed between rollers in order to consolidate the cathode layer and improve its adhesion to the aluminium foil. Discs of 20mm diameter were prepared for making up into test cells. The anode in the test cells was of pure lithium metal and the separator consisted of a microporous Tefzel (EFTE polymer) material. A 1 Molar solution of lithium trifluoromethane sulphonate (LiCF3SO3) in equal parts by volume of propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate was used for the electrolyte. The open circuit voltage of the cells was 1.6 Volts. The test cells were
2 cycled at a current density of 1 ma./cm down to 3.0 volts ma./cm2 and recharged at 0.5 ma./cm up to 1.7 volts cutoff. The average running voltage under these conditions was 3.8 volts.
Under these conditions the non-optimised test cells gave over 30 charge/discharge cycles.
Claims (11)
1. An electrochemical cell characterised in that the positive electrode consists of a macromolecular complex of sulphur trioxide and a polymeric substance containing tertiary linked nitrogen as the recurring structural unit represented by the formula:
where R is an alkylene group and R1 and R2 are alkyl groups or R, R1 and R2 may constitute a heterocyclic 5 or 6 membered ring structure having at least one tertiary bound nitrogen atom, the said positive electrode being used in conjunction with a non-aqueous electrolyte and a negative electrode consisting of a light metal or light metal alloy.
2. An electrochemical cell according to claim 1, in which the polymeric substance is poly-(4-vinylpyridine).
3. An electrochemical cell according to claim 1, in which the polymeric substance is poly-(N-methylpyrrole).
An An electrochemical cell according to claims 1,2 and 3, in which the preferred ratio of sulphur to nitrogen in the
S03/polymer complex is 1:1.
5. An electrochemical cell according to c ] aim 1, in which the polymer has a conjugated structure which confers inherent electronic conduction and obviates the need to include carbon or other conductive materials in the positive electrode.
6. An electrochemical cell according to claims 1 to 5, in which the negative electrode is lithium metal and the electrolyte is a solution of a lithium salt in aprotic solvents.
7. An electrochemical cell according to claims 1 to 5, in which the negative electrode is magnesium metal and the electrolyte is a solution of a magnesium salt in aprotic solvents.
8. An electrochemical cell according to claims 1 to 6, in which the electrolyte consists essentially of a solution of lithium salts in liquid sulphur dioxide.
9. An electrochemical c e 1 1 according to claims 1 to 5, in which the electrolyte consists of a solid polymer composition made i oni call y conductive by the incorporation of appropriate lithium salts.
10. An electrochemical cell according to claims 1 to 9, which forms the unit for a rechargeable battery.
11. An electrochemical cell according to claims 1 to 9, which forms the unit for a super or ultra-capacitor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9207397A GB2266179B (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1992-04-03 | Electrochemical cells having novel cathode compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9207397A GB2266179B (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1992-04-03 | Electrochemical cells having novel cathode compositions |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9207397D0 GB9207397D0 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| GB2266179A true GB2266179A (en) | 1993-10-20 |
| GB2266179B GB2266179B (en) | 1995-08-02 |
Family
ID=10713457
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9207397A Expired - Fee Related GB2266179B (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1992-04-03 | Electrochemical cells having novel cathode compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2266179B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2335073A (en) * | 1998-03-07 | 1999-09-08 | Lexcel Technology Ltd | Non-aqueous electrochemical cell containing conjugated polyimine functionality coupled to sulphur trioxide |
| WO2012025708A1 (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-01 | Qinetiq Limited | Preparation of electrode compositions |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5362135A (en) * | 1976-11-16 | 1978-06-03 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Colloid storage battery |
| US4314010A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-02-02 | Union Carbide Corporation | Solid state cell employing an electron donor-embedded anode |
| US4317874A (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1982-03-02 | Ray-O-Vac Corporation | Self healing cathodes |
| GB2134125A (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1984-08-08 | Lubrizol Enterprises Inc | Electronically conducting polypyrrole and copolymers of pyrrole, compositions containing them, methods for making them, and electrochemical cells using them |
| US5093439A (en) * | 1989-10-19 | 1992-03-03 | Ohio State University Research Foundation | Processes for preparation of sulfonated polyaniline compositions and uses thereof |
-
1992
- 1992-04-03 GB GB9207397A patent/GB2266179B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5362135A (en) * | 1976-11-16 | 1978-06-03 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Colloid storage battery |
| US4314010A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-02-02 | Union Carbide Corporation | Solid state cell employing an electron donor-embedded anode |
| US4317874A (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1982-03-02 | Ray-O-Vac Corporation | Self healing cathodes |
| GB2134125A (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1984-08-08 | Lubrizol Enterprises Inc | Electronically conducting polypyrrole and copolymers of pyrrole, compositions containing them, methods for making them, and electrochemical cells using them |
| US5093439A (en) * | 1989-10-19 | 1992-03-03 | Ohio State University Research Foundation | Processes for preparation of sulfonated polyaniline compositions and uses thereof |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2335073A (en) * | 1998-03-07 | 1999-09-08 | Lexcel Technology Ltd | Non-aqueous electrochemical cell containing conjugated polyimine functionality coupled to sulphur trioxide |
| WO2012025708A1 (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-01 | Qinetiq Limited | Preparation of electrode compositions |
| US9159498B2 (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2015-10-13 | Qinetiq Limited | Preparation of electrode compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9207397D0 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| GB2266179B (en) | 1995-08-02 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19980403 |