GB2264558A - Method of identifying polymer materials - Google Patents
Method of identifying polymer materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2264558A GB2264558A GB9303163A GB9303163A GB2264558A GB 2264558 A GB2264558 A GB 2264558A GB 9303163 A GB9303163 A GB 9303163A GB 9303163 A GB9303163 A GB 9303163A GB 2264558 A GB2264558 A GB 2264558A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- materials
- near infrared
- far red
- fluorescing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- -1 rare earth compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001506 fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0279—Optical identification, e.g. cameras or spectroscopy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N2021/6439—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
At least one material capable of fluorescing in the far red or near infrared region is added to a polymer. A polymer sample 2 may be subsequently identified by illumination from a laser source 1 at wavelengths in the far red or near infrared suitable for exciting the fluorescent material, and determining the presence of the material by spectroscopic means 6 to identify the polymer. The polymer may be label led with at least two fluorescent materials, the materials being present in a predetermined weight ratio whereby the ratio of the fluorescence intensities observed for each material is proportional to the predetermined weight ratio. The fluorescent materials may be dyes or rare earth compounds added to the polymer in solution or as sub-micron particles in a concentration from 0.001 to 1 ppm. <IMAGE>
Description
METHOD OF IDENTIFYING POLYMER MATERIALS
The present invention relates to a method of identifying polymer materials in particular to a method of identifying polymers by use of near infrared (NIR) fluorescence spectroscopy.
Polymer waste particularly plastic waste forms approximately 7% of domestic waste and can be higher in some industrial areas. A major problem with the recycling of plastic waste is the absence of precise and efficient systems to separate out individual plastic materials from a mixed waste stream.
Plastic waste is diverse and may include coloured or opaque high density polyethylene bottles or containers, clear or tinted polyethylene terephthalate cups as well as a diversity of polyvinyl chloride bottles.
At present various methods for identifying and sorting plastic waste have been used. Procedures which rely on manual sorting tend to be unreliable due to eyesight, poor attention span and slowness.
More recently techniques involving electromagnetic spectroscopy have been developed but these tend to be complex and costly and impractical for commercial use.
To enable efficient recycling there is a need to identify a low cost, fast and reliable method of identifying plastics which can be used to separate various families of plastics from mixed waste.
Fluorescence spectroscopy is a well established analytical technique capable of providing high sensitivity combined with good selectivity. Fluorescent light has a different wavelength compared to the excitation light. The fluorescent light can therefore be spectrally filtered and monitored above a zero background level.
This allows fluorescence spectroscopy to be used to detect very low concentrations.
Unfortunately in some circumstances many species fluorscence when excited by light of high photon energy, for example UV light, and this can be a serious drawback in signal detection because the detection of a fluorescence signal cannot be unambiguously assigned to the species being detected.
Polymers such as polyethylene do not fluoresce when excited with far red or near infrared (NIR) light.
We have now found that by using materials which fluoresce in the far red or near infrared region of the spectrum polymers may be labelled to enable their identification. In this way the recycling of polymer waste may be facilitated by using very low concentrations of such fluorescent materials.
Thus according to the present invention there is provided a method for identifying a polymer, said method comprising the steps of: (a) adding at least one material capable of fluorescing in the far red or near infrared region to the polymer, (b) exposing the polymer to a laser source at wavelengths in the far red of near infrared suitable for exciting said material, and (c) determining the presence of said material by spectroscopic means to identify said polymer.
Suitable materials include dyes which fluoresce at wavelengths in the range 600 to 1000 nm, in particular in the range 700-900 nm.
Other suitable materials include rare earth compounds.
Diode lasers are particularly suitable for use in the method of the present invention having the advantages of low cost, small size and high reliability.
The presence of fluorescing materials in a polymer may suitably be detected by means-of a silicon photodetector.
The fluorescence detected from the polymer may suitably be displayed as a spectrum of fluorescence signal against wavelength.
The method of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in the labelling of plastic materials for example in the recycling of plastics.
Since plastic materials do not fluoresce significantly when illuminated with near infrared radiation the method of the present invention has the advantage of requiring very low concentrations of dyes for labelling applications.
Typical concentrations are those in the range 0.001 to 1 ppm.
For recycling applications where it is necessary to be able to identify a number of polymers from a group of polymers the preferred number of fluorescent materials present in each polymer is two.
For this application the fluorescent materials chosen are those in which their fluorescence spectra do not overlap. The resulting spectra may be separated by suitable optical filtering and the fluorescence strength of each material measured.
Each polymer may be labelled with the same fluorescent materials but at different relative concentrations. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities of the two materials may be correlated with the ratio of the weights of the materials present in the polymer and can be used to provide unambiguous labelling of a large number of polymers.
In this way different polymers, blends of polymers or polymer compositions may each be given a unique label based on the relative concentrations of the fluorescent materials present.
The presence of the labelled polymer or labelled composition may thereby be detected by the method of the present invention.
Thus according to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for identifying a polymer said method comprising the steps of (a) labelling said polymer by adding at least two materials capable of fluorescing in the far red or near infrared region to the polymer, said materials being present in a predetermined weight ratio, (b) exposing the polymer to a laser source at wavelengths in the far red or near infrared suitable for exciting said materials, and (c) determining the presence of said labelled polymer by spectroscopic means whereby the ratio of the fluorescence intensities observed for each material is proportional to said predetermined weight ratio.
If required three or more fluorescent materials may be incorporated in each polymer and identified in a similar way.
By using more than one fluorescent material, factors such as the obscuration of the polymer sample due to dirt or container scattering, fluctuations in the excitation source or changes in the position of the sample which may give rise to a reduction in the strength of the fluorescent signal, may be reduced.
Since the fluorescent materials employed have broad absorption bands the fluorescence of two materials can be excited by use of a single source emitting at a suitable wavelength.
The fluorescent materials may suitably be added to the polymer in solution before the polymer solidifies. Alternatively they may be first incorporated in solid particles of sub-micron diameter which are subsequently added to the polymer solution.
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying Figures wherein:
Figure 1 represents an arrangement suitable for identifying a polymer, and
Figure 2 represents an arrangement whereby the presence of two fluorescent materials in a polymer may be identified.
In Figure 1 a diode laser (1) emitting at a wavelength of 670nm is used to illuminate a polymer sample (2) incorporating a suitable dye. The laser is recollimated by a glass lens (3) before entering the sample. Some of the fluorescence generated along with some of the reflected and scattered laswer light is recollimated by lens (3) reflected by an aluminium coated mirror (4) positioned at 45 to the laser output, and focused by means of lens (5) onto a silicon photodetector (6). A long pass filter (7) transmitting above 720nm is used to block the 670nm reflected and scattered light.
The photodetector output is amplified using a two-stage single chip amplifier.
In Figure 2 the fluorescence spectra from a sample incorporating two dyes are recorded by using two detectors.
The output from the laser (11) after reflection by the sample (12) and mirror (13) is passed through lens (14) and split by the beamsplitter (15) before passing to the photodeectors (16) and (17).
Claims (8)
1. A method for identifying a polymer, said method comprising the steps of: (a) adding at least one material capable of fluorescing in the far red or near infrared region to the polymer.
(b) exposing the polymer to a laser source at wavelengths in the far red of near infrared suitable for exciting said material, and (c) determining the presence of said material by spectroscopic means to identify said polymer.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which the material capable of fluorescing in the far red or near infrared region to the polymer is a dye or a rare earth compound.
3. A method according to claim 2 in which the dye or rare earth compound is present in a concentration of from 0.001 to lppm.
4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims in which the laser source is a diode laser.
5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims in which the presence of said material is determined by means of a silicon photodetector.
6. A method for identifying a polymer, said method comprising the steps of (a) labelling said polymer by adding at least two materials capable of fluorescing in the far red or near infrared region to the polymer, said materials being present in a predetermined weight ratio.
(b) exposing the polymer to a laser source at wavelengths in the far red or near infrared suitable for exciting said materials, and (c) determining the presence of said labelled polymer by spectroscopic means whereby the ratio of the fluorescence intensities observed for each material is proportional to said predetermined weight ratio.
7. A method according to claim 6 in which the materials capable of fluorescing are added to the polymer in solution.
8. A method according to claim 6 in which the materials capable of fluorescing are added to the polymer as solid particles of sub-micron diameter
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9204064A GB9204064D0 (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1992-02-26 | Method of identifying polymer materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9303163D0 GB9303163D0 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
| GB2264558A true GB2264558A (en) | 1993-09-01 |
Family
ID=10711059
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9204064A Pending GB9204064D0 (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1992-02-26 | Method of identifying polymer materials |
| GB9303163A Withdrawn GB2264558A (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-02-17 | Method of identifying polymer materials |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9204064A Pending GB9204064D0 (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1992-02-26 | Method of identifying polymer materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9204064D0 (en) |
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997011354A1 (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-03-27 | Labsystems Oy | Fluorometer |
| US6091491A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 2000-07-18 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Optical fingerprinting of plastics compositions |
| WO2003006965A1 (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-23 | General Electric Company | Tagging materials for polymers, methods, and articles made thereby |
| EP1300200A1 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-09 | Krieg, Gunther, Prof.Dr.Ing. | Method and apparatus for selecting plastics and other materials on the basis of colour and composition |
| US7094364B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2006-08-22 | General Electric Company | Method of authenticating polymers, authenticatable polymers, methods of making authenticatable polymers and authenticatable articles, and articles made there from |
| US7169615B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2007-01-30 | General Electric Company | Method of authenticating polymers, authenticatable polymers, methods of making authenticatable polymers and authenticatable articles, and articles made there from |
| US7175086B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2007-02-13 | General Electric Company | Authentication system, data device, and methods for using the same |
| US7250612B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2007-07-31 | General Electric Company | Devices and methods capable of authenticating batteries |
| US7312257B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2007-12-25 | General Electric Company | Polymer encapsulation of high aspect ratio materials and methods of making same |
| US7355944B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2008-04-08 | General Electric Company | Authenticatable media and method of authenticating |
| US7488764B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2009-02-10 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Polymer encapsulation of high aspect ratio materials and methods of making same |
| US7496938B2 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2009-02-24 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Media drive with a luminescence detector and methods of detecting an authentic article |
| US7508499B2 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2009-03-24 | General Electric Company | Methods for application of a tag onto a media article |
| US7597961B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2009-10-06 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Authenticatable article and method of authenticating |
| US7682696B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2010-03-23 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Medical article and method of making and using the same |
| EP2006409A3 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2011-05-04 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Method and device for determining the proportion of at least one aggregate of a multi-component powder for thermal spraying |
| US8715908B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2014-05-06 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process of using an imaging element having a photoluminescent tag |
| US8883393B2 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2014-11-11 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Printing form precursor for use as a recording element |
| WO2015036719A1 (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2015-03-19 | Arts | Device for automatically identifying fluorescence of tracers with a view to automatically sorting and/or controlling the quality of marked products or materials, which may or may not be coloured |
| BE1029323B1 (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-11-21 | Noosa | POLYLACTIC ACID TEXTILE FIBER IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3912928A (en) * | 1974-05-06 | 1975-10-14 | Dayco Corp | Permanently coded polymeric compound and method of coding and identifying same |
| US4127773A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-11-28 | Applied Photophysics Limited | Characterizing and identifying materials |
| GB2234347A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-01-30 | Bxl Plastics Ltd | Waste recovery using phosphorescence |
| EP0466474A1 (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-01-15 | Dowty Seals Limited | Identification of materials and products |
| EP0476416A2 (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1992-03-25 | Bayer Ag | Method for the masking of plastics |
-
1992
- 1992-02-26 GB GB9204064A patent/GB9204064D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-02-17 GB GB9303163A patent/GB2264558A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3912928A (en) * | 1974-05-06 | 1975-10-14 | Dayco Corp | Permanently coded polymeric compound and method of coding and identifying same |
| US4127773A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-11-28 | Applied Photophysics Limited | Characterizing and identifying materials |
| GB2234347A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-01-30 | Bxl Plastics Ltd | Waste recovery using phosphorescence |
| EP0466474A1 (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-01-15 | Dowty Seals Limited | Identification of materials and products |
| EP0476416A2 (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1992-03-25 | Bayer Ag | Method for the masking of plastics |
Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6144455A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 2000-11-07 | Labsystems Oy | Fluorometer |
| EP1215481A1 (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 2002-06-19 | Thermo Labsystems Oy | Emission fluorometer |
| WO1997011354A1 (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-03-27 | Labsystems Oy | Fluorometer |
| US6091491A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 2000-07-18 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Optical fingerprinting of plastics compositions |
| USRE41616E1 (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2010-08-31 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Tagging materials for polymers, methods, and articles made thereby |
| WO2003006965A1 (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-23 | General Electric Company | Tagging materials for polymers, methods, and articles made thereby |
| US6514617B1 (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2003-02-04 | General Electric Company | Tagging materials for polymers, methods, and articles made thereby |
| EP1300200A1 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-09 | Krieg, Gunther, Prof.Dr.Ing. | Method and apparatus for selecting plastics and other materials on the basis of colour and composition |
| EP1300200B1 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2017-09-27 | Krieg, Gunther, Prof.Dr.Ing. | Method and apparatus for indentification and separation of plastic particles |
| US7508499B2 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2009-03-24 | General Electric Company | Methods for application of a tag onto a media article |
| US7312257B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2007-12-25 | General Electric Company | Polymer encapsulation of high aspect ratio materials and methods of making same |
| US7488764B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2009-02-10 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Polymer encapsulation of high aspect ratio materials and methods of making same |
| US7496938B2 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2009-02-24 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Media drive with a luminescence detector and methods of detecting an authentic article |
| US7094364B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2006-08-22 | General Electric Company | Method of authenticating polymers, authenticatable polymers, methods of making authenticatable polymers and authenticatable articles, and articles made there from |
| US7169615B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2007-01-30 | General Electric Company | Method of authenticating polymers, authenticatable polymers, methods of making authenticatable polymers and authenticatable articles, and articles made there from |
| US7175086B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2007-02-13 | General Electric Company | Authentication system, data device, and methods for using the same |
| US7597961B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2009-10-06 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Authenticatable article and method of authenticating |
| US7682696B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2010-03-23 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Medical article and method of making and using the same |
| US7355944B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2008-04-08 | General Electric Company | Authenticatable media and method of authenticating |
| US8883393B2 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2014-11-11 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Printing form precursor for use as a recording element |
| US7250612B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2007-07-31 | General Electric Company | Devices and methods capable of authenticating batteries |
| US8715908B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2014-05-06 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process of using an imaging element having a photoluminescent tag |
| EP2006409A3 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2011-05-04 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Method and device for determining the proportion of at least one aggregate of a multi-component powder for thermal spraying |
| WO2015036719A1 (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2015-03-19 | Arts | Device for automatically identifying fluorescence of tracers with a view to automatically sorting and/or controlling the quality of marked products or materials, which may or may not be coloured |
| FR3010790A1 (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2015-03-20 | Arts | DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY IDENTIFYING FLUORESCENCE OF PLOTTERS FOR THE AUTOMATIC SORTING AND / OR QUALITY CONTROL OF COLORED OR NON-COLORED PRODUCTS OR MATERIALS. |
| BE1029323B1 (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-11-21 | Noosa | POLYLACTIC ACID TEXTILE FIBER IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9303163D0 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
| GB9204064D0 (en) | 1992-04-08 |
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