GB2249088A - Hollow sphere or foam containing an internal coating and vacuum - Google Patents
Hollow sphere or foam containing an internal coating and vacuum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2249088A GB2249088A GB9021451A GB9021451A GB2249088A GB 2249088 A GB2249088 A GB 2249088A GB 9021451 A GB9021451 A GB 9021451A GB 9021451 A GB9021451 A GB 9021451A GB 2249088 A GB2249088 A GB 2249088A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- blowing agent
- vacuum
- spherical particles
- blowing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
- C03C17/09—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals by deposition from the vapour phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/10—Forming beads
- C03B19/107—Forming hollow beads
- C03B19/1075—Forming hollow beads by blowing, pressing, centrifuging, rolling or dripping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/10—Forming beads
- C03B19/108—Forming porous, sintered or foamed beads
- C03B19/1085—Forming porous, sintered or foamed beads by blowing, pressing, centrifuging, rolling or dripping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
- C03C11/002—Hollow glass particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
- C03C11/007—Foam glass, e.g. obtained by incorporating a blowing agent and heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
- C03C17/003—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for hollow ware, e.g. containers
- C03C17/004—Coating the inside
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/25—Metals
- C03C2217/268—Other specific metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Hollow spheres or a foam can be produced by blowing a material, such as a molten glass, with a gaseous agent that subsequently condenses, such as zinc metal, to form an internal coating and a vacuum. Large quantities of spheres or foam may be produced by a continuous process, as indicated in Figure 1, whereby the material to be blown (4) is deposited as a film on the inside surface of a porous ceramic structure (2), whilst a blowing agent (8) forces the material into the open structure where it is trapped by subsequent layers of applied material. The material/blowing agent mass is forced through the structure and emerges where it may be finally processed by solidification of the material and blowing agent to give the desired foam or spheres. <IMAGE>
Description
HOLLOW SPHERE OR FOAM CONTAINING AN INTERNAL COATING AND VACUUM
This invention relates to the generation of hollow spheres or a foam with a vacuum inside and an internal coating.
There are many uses of spherical particles or foams containing a vacuum and an internal coating. The purpose of this specification is not to disclose any particular application of such a material but to describe a process by which such a material may be generated. In doing so it is of assistance to give an example of a means of production,but it is not intended that this shall be the only means of production. It is the concept of the formation of hollow spheres or a foam with an internal coating and a vacuum that is of concern. Any inadvertent suggestion of an application is unavoidable and must be considered as an intended application of the product from the concept.
The term spherical particle here means a bubble,bead,microsphere,cell or otherwise. A foam is any substance having a closed structure with cells,cavities,hollows or otherwise.
The process is intended to produce large numbers of hollow spherical particles or a foam by forming bubbles with the vapour of an element or compound at a high temperature acting as a 'blowing agent'. Subsequent cooling of the blowing agent to a liquid or solid state produces a partial vacuum within the spherical particle or foam and an internal coating.
More than one blowing agent may be utilised to provide different internal coatings. It is a requirement that the material to be blown must have a boiling point above the temperature at which the blowing agent is a vapour.
It is also a requirement that the melting point of the material to be blown is above the temperature at which the blowing agent is a liquid or a solid.
A specific embodiment of the invention is now described which is intended to produce individual hollow glass spheres of approximately 2x10-4 m diameter with a zinc internal coating and vacuum pressure of lx10-3 Torr (0.13 Pa) inside.
Physical properties to note are:
melting point of zinc = 420 Deg.C
boiling point of zinc = 906 Deg.C
melting point of glass > 906 Deg.C
Figure 1 shows a sectioned perspective view of a suitable drum production process.
Figure 2 shows an enlarged sectioned view of the porous ceramic material in the cicumference of the drum where bubble formation occurs.
Figure 3 shows an enlarged sectioned plan view of the porous ceramic material.
Figure 4 shows a sectioned view of the final spherical particle formed.
The material to be blown,in this case a glass,is heated to a temperature in excess of the boiling point of the blowing agent (zinc). The exact temperature depends on the glass composition and the glass viscosity required for blowing bubbles of the required size. Blowing may be affected by many means,but Figure 1 shows a rotating drum method of production. The drum (1) may have its circumference perforated or may contain a porous ceramic material (2) that can withstand the temperature of the production process. The drum is rotated about a vertical axis (3) and molten glass (4) is sprayed over its inside surface by a rotating boom (5) which coats the inside surface of the ceramic material.
Molten zinc (6) is introduced into the heating bath at the centre of the drum (7) where it is further heated to boiling point so that a zinc vapour forms in the remainder of the drum (8),and creates a vapour pressure. Figures 2 and 3 show zinc vapour forcing itself into the surface of the porous ceramic (9),displacing glass that had previously been there (10). The rotating boom sprays molten glass over the inner surface of the ceramic again and the zinc vapour is trapped. Such bubbles of zinc vapour (11) are forced through the myriad of passages in the porous ceramic material and find their way to the outside surface (12). Heating elements (13) embodied in the drum are used to control the viscosity of the glass and prevent blocking of the ceramic material.
Zinc vapour bubbles (14) break free from the outside surface and are carried away by hot gases (15),for example glass furnace flue gases,that are at a temperature above the zinc boiling point but below that of the annealing point of the glass. Bubbles that coalesce to each other or fail to break away from the surface of the ceramic material are removed by the drum rotating past fixed scrappers (16). This material may be further processed to form a rigid foam or recycled into the starting materials.
Figure 4 shows the spheres collected and allowed to cool further so the zinc vapour condenses on the inside surface of the sphere and finally solidifies (17),rendering a high vacuum inside (18).
The diameter of the spheres,and their wall thickness,and the thickness of the zinc coating are controlled by various parameters of the process,such as zinc vapour pressure,glass viscosity (temperature),speed of rotation of the spray boom and flue gas temperature. Further control may be obtained by adjusting the flue gas pressure to complement expansion or contraction of the spheres as they form on the surface of the ceramic material.
Claims (7)
1) A means of producing a foam or hollow spherical particles with a
partial vacuum and internal coating within by forcing the
constituent material through a porous structure by means of an
applied blowing agent pressure, and subsequently sealing the
blowing agent within the porous structure by means of further
applied constituent material, such that the material and blowing
agent travel through the structure and emerge forming the foam or
particles.
2) Method of claim 1 where the porous structure is an open cellular
ceramic material.
3) Method of claim 1 where the constituent material is a glass at an
elevated temperature to attain the desired viscosity for blowing.
4) Method of claim 1 where the blowing agent is a metal vapour such
that the completed foam or spherical particles have an internal
metal coating formed by the condensation of the blowing agent
during the process.
5) The method of claim 1 where the porous structure is held in place
such that it can be rotated during production to assist in
formation of the foam or hollow spherical particles.
6) The method of claim 1 or 5 where the means of applying the
constituent material is rotated to seal the blowing agent with the
material.
7) A foam or hollow spherical particles formed substantially as
described herein with reference to Figures 1-4 of the accompanying
drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9021451A GB2249088A (en) | 1990-10-03 | 1990-10-03 | Hollow sphere or foam containing an internal coating and vacuum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9021451A GB2249088A (en) | 1990-10-03 | 1990-10-03 | Hollow sphere or foam containing an internal coating and vacuum |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9021451D0 GB9021451D0 (en) | 1990-11-14 |
| GB2249088A true GB2249088A (en) | 1992-04-29 |
Family
ID=10683133
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9021451A Withdrawn GB2249088A (en) | 1990-10-03 | 1990-10-03 | Hollow sphere or foam containing an internal coating and vacuum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2249088A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001056943A1 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2001-08-09 | Mineralpor Ag | Method and device for expanding fused materials |
| WO2008087047A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for producing glass vacuum hollow spheres, vacuum hollow spheres and use thereof |
| CN112773184A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-11 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Steaming inner container structure with automatic condensed water cleaning function and steam box |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2042071A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1980-09-17 | Torobin Leonard B | Centrifuge apparatus and method for producing hollow microspheres |
| GB2048847A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1980-12-17 | Torobin Leonard B | Method and apparatus for producing hollow microspheres |
| WO1986001147A1 (en) * | 1984-08-09 | 1986-02-27 | Torobin Leonard B | Hollow microspheres made from dispersed particle compositions and methods and apparatus for producing them |
-
1990
- 1990-10-03 GB GB9021451A patent/GB2249088A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2048847A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1980-12-17 | Torobin Leonard B | Method and apparatus for producing hollow microspheres |
| GB2112769A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1983-07-27 | Leonard B Torobin | Hollow inorganic film forming microspheres |
| GB2042071A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1980-09-17 | Torobin Leonard B | Centrifuge apparatus and method for producing hollow microspheres |
| WO1986001147A1 (en) * | 1984-08-09 | 1986-02-27 | Torobin Leonard B | Hollow microspheres made from dispersed particle compositions and methods and apparatus for producing them |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001056943A1 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2001-08-09 | Mineralpor Ag | Method and device for expanding fused materials |
| WO2008087047A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for producing glass vacuum hollow spheres, vacuum hollow spheres and use thereof |
| CN112773184A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-11 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Steaming inner container structure with automatic condensed water cleaning function and steam box |
| CN112773184B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-03-18 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Steaming inner container structure with automatic condensed water cleaning function and steam box |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9021451D0 (en) | 1990-11-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |