GB2248853A - Coating of substrates with aluminium using an alane adduct - Google Patents
Coating of substrates with aluminium using an alane adduct Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2248853A GB2248853A GB9120561A GB9120561A GB2248853A GB 2248853 A GB2248853 A GB 2248853A GB 9120561 A GB9120561 A GB 9120561A GB 9120561 A GB9120561 A GB 9120561A GB 2248853 A GB2248853 A GB 2248853A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- alane
- aluminium
- substrate
- coating
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910000086 alane Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical group CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 alane amine Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000091 aluminium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006124 Pilkington process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001987 diarylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
- C03C17/10—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals by deposition from the liquid phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C18/10—Deposition of aluminium only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/25—Metals
- C03C2217/251—Al, Cu, Mg or noble metals
- C03C2217/252—Al
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
A method of coating a substrate such as glass with aluminium to form a mirror comprises the steps of forming a solution of an alane amine adduct and depositing same on a heated substrate, whereby the adduct decomposes to leave a coating of elemental aluminium. The alane adduct preferably has the formula AlH3 (NR'R''R''')n where n is 1 or 2 and R', R'', R''' are selected from alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl radical, eg trimethylamine alane, bis-(trimethylamine) alane, and dimethylethylamine alane. Amines, ethers and aryl compounds may be used as the solvent to dissolve the aluminium compound. In the case of a liquid alane adduct, such as dimethylethylamine alane, it may not be necessary to form a solution thereof prior to coating. After coating a sealer layer may be applied to inhibit oxide tunnelling.
Description
Title: Coating of substrates
DESCRIPTION
This invention concerns formation of a coating of aluminium on a substrate and, in particular, concerns a method of producing mirrors.
Mirrors are mostly produced by forming a silver coating on one surface of a sheet of glass, the silver coating acting as a reflector. The production of such mirrors is relatively expensive due to the use of silver.
One object of this invention is to provide an alternative to silver for mirror production.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method of coating aluminium onto a substrate, such as glass.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of coating a substrate with a layer of aluminium comprising the steps of forming a solution of an alane adduct and depositing the solution onto a heated substrate.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a substrate coated with a layer of aluminium by the method of depositing on the heated substrate a solution of an alane adduct.
A preferred use of the invention is in the production of mirrors where the substrate is glass and the aluminium coating forms a reflective layer. It is envisaged that the invention may be used in conjunction with float glass production, wherein aluminium deposition is carried out on hot glass, typically at 1800C, emerging from the float glass process. It is, in fact, preferred that any substrate used in the invention be heated to at least 1000C so as to drive off moisture from the substrate and/or atmosphere that could otherwise cause oxidation of the aluminium.
The deposition of aluminium on a substrate is preferably carried out in an inert atmosphere, such as of nitrogen or argon. Although the aluminium deposition may be carried out in an atmosphere containing oxygen, that is less desirable due to the risks of oxidation and fire particularly with the presence of solvent and the use of high temperatures.
After coating a substrate with aluminium, a sealer layer may be applied to the aluminium coating for protection and to inhibit oxide tunnelling.
The aluminium compound used in the invention is preferably an alane adduct, especially with a triamine.
The aluminium adduct preferably has the formula A1H3 (NR3)n (NR'R''R''')n where n is 1 or 2 and R', R'' and R''' are selected from alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl radical. Particularly suitable alane adducts for use in the present invention are believed to be trimethylamine alane, bis-(trimethylamine) alane and dimethylethylamine alane.
The solvent used to dissolve the aluminium compound is preferably a donor solvent. Examples of suitable donor solvents include amines, ethers and aryl compounds. Of amines, tertiary amines are preferred and especially those of the formula N(Cn H2n+l)3, where n is from 1 to 12, such as tri-n-butylamine and triethylamine. Triaryl amines, trialkaryl amines and triaralkyl amines may also be used as solvents for the aluminium compound. In the case of a liquid alane adduct, such as dimethylethylamine alane, it may not be necessary to form a solution thereof prior to coating.
Of ethers, dialkyl ethers are preferred and especially those of the formula (Cn H2n+l)2O, where n is from 1 to 12. Diaryl ethers, dialkaryl ethers, diaralkyl ethers and cyclic ethers as well as mixed ethers may also be used as solvents for the aluminium compound. Examples of suitable ethers include diethyl ether, diphenyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.
Of aryl, compounds benzene and toluene may be suitable solvents for the aluminium compound.
The amount of aluminium compound used in the invention will be preferably sufficient to provide a solution having upto 20%, preferably 5 to 10%, by weight aluminium content.
The solution of aluminium compound may be deposited on the substrate in any suitable way.
Preferably the aluminium compound solution will be dropped onto the substrate, the substrate and deposition head(s) moving relative to each other to form a relatively thin even coating on the substrate. Under the influence of heat the aluminium compound decomposes to leave a coating of elemental aluminium on the substrate. That coating when the substrate is glass can provide a reflective surface that is of reasonable mirror quality- but at a lower cost than a silver coating.
This invention will now be further described by means of the following Example.
Example 10g of trimethylamine alane were dissolved in 29g of trinbutylamine. The resultant solution was applied to a glass substrate heated to 1800C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The glass thus received a reflective coating of aluminium to form a mirror. A coat of sealer was applied to the aluminium coating to inhibit oxide tunnelling.
Claims (22)
1. A method of coating a substrate with a layer of aluminium comprising the steps of forming a solution of an alane adduct and depositing the solution onto a heated substrate.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate in glass.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate is heated to at least 1000C.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein deposition is carried out in a substantially inert atmosphere.
5. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising the step of applying a sealer layer to the aluminium coating.
6. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the alane adduct is an alane adduct with a triamine.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the alane adduct has the formula A1H3. (N R' R'' R''')n, wherein n is 1 or 2 and R', R'' and R''' are selected from alkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl radicals.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the alane adduct is selected from trimethylamine alane, bis (trimethylamine) alane and dimethylethylamine alane.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the solvent is a donor solvent.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the solvent is selected from amines, ethers and aryl compounds.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the solvent is a tertiary amine.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the tertiary amine is of the formula N(Cn H2+1)3, where n is from 1 to 12.
13. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the tertiary amine is tri-n-butylamine or triethylamine.
14. A method-as claimed in claim 10, wherein the solvent is a dialkly ether.
15. A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the ether has the formula (Cn H2n+1)20, where n is from 1 to 12.
16. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the solvent is selected from diethyl ether, diphenyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.
17. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the solvent is selected from benzene and toluene.
18. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the amount of aluminium compound used is sufficient to provide a solution having upto 20% by weight aluminium content.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the amount of aluminium compound used is sufficient to provide a solution having from 5 to 10% by weight aluminium content.
20. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the aluminium compound solution is dropped onto a moving substrate.
21. A method of coating a substrate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the foregoing
Example.
22. A substrate coated by a method as claimed in any one of claim 1 to 21.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB909021042A GB9021042D0 (en) | 1990-09-27 | 1990-09-27 | Coating of substrates |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9120561D0 GB9120561D0 (en) | 1991-11-06 |
| GB2248853A true GB2248853A (en) | 1992-04-22 |
Family
ID=10682838
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB909021042A Pending GB9021042D0 (en) | 1990-09-27 | 1990-09-27 | Coating of substrates |
| GB9120561A Withdrawn GB2248853A (en) | 1990-09-27 | 1991-09-27 | Coating of substrates with aluminium using an alane adduct |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB909021042A Pending GB9021042D0 (en) | 1990-09-27 | 1990-09-27 | Coating of substrates |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9021042D0 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5576885A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1996-11-19 | Pilington Glass Limited | Heatable mirror including a non-metallic reflecting coating on a glass substate |
| US5745291A (en) * | 1992-07-11 | 1998-04-28 | Pilkington Glass Limited | Mirror including a glass substrate and a pyrolytic silicon reflecting layer |
| US5757564A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1998-05-26 | Pilkington Glass Limited | Coatings on glass |
| US5764415A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1998-06-09 | Pilkington Glass Limited | Coatings on glass |
| US5861189A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1999-01-19 | Pilkington Plc | Method for producing mirrors by surface activation and pyrolytic deposition |
| DE19738880A1 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-11 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Method and apparatus for coating a substrate with a metal |
| US5885321A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1999-03-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Preparation of fine aluminum powders by solution methods |
| US6953600B2 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2005-10-11 | Jsr Corporation | Conductive film forming composition, conductive film, and method for forming the same |
| WO2012047345A3 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-05-31 | Saint Louis University | Passivated metal nanoparticles having an epoxide-based oligomer coating |
| JP2013044002A (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-03-04 | Jsr Corp | Aluminum film forming method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1178954A (en) * | 1968-04-19 | 1970-01-28 | Continental Oil Co | Method of Aluminum Plating with Diethylaluminum Hydride |
| US4144360A (en) * | 1976-08-09 | 1979-03-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the currentless catalytic precipitation of aluminum |
| SU971913A1 (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1982-11-07 | Тамбовский институт химического машиностроения | Process for gaseous alitizing |
-
1990
- 1990-09-27 GB GB909021042A patent/GB9021042D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-09-27 GB GB9120561A patent/GB2248853A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1178954A (en) * | 1968-04-19 | 1970-01-28 | Continental Oil Co | Method of Aluminum Plating with Diethylaluminum Hydride |
| US4144360A (en) * | 1976-08-09 | 1979-03-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the currentless catalytic precipitation of aluminum |
| SU971913A1 (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1982-11-07 | Тамбовский институт химического машиностроения | Process for gaseous alitizing |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5745291A (en) * | 1992-07-11 | 1998-04-28 | Pilkington Glass Limited | Mirror including a glass substrate and a pyrolytic silicon reflecting layer |
| US5576885A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1996-11-19 | Pilington Glass Limited | Heatable mirror including a non-metallic reflecting coating on a glass substate |
| US5700305A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1997-12-23 | Pilkington Glass Limited | Method of producing heatable mirrors by depositing coatings on glass |
| US5757564A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1998-05-26 | Pilkington Glass Limited | Coatings on glass |
| US5764415A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1998-06-09 | Pilkington Glass Limited | Coatings on glass |
| US5861189A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1999-01-19 | Pilkington Plc | Method for producing mirrors by surface activation and pyrolytic deposition |
| US5885321A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1999-03-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Preparation of fine aluminum powders by solution methods |
| DE19738880A1 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-11 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Method and apparatus for coating a substrate with a metal |
| US6953600B2 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2005-10-11 | Jsr Corporation | Conductive film forming composition, conductive film, and method for forming the same |
| WO2012047345A3 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-05-31 | Saint Louis University | Passivated metal nanoparticles having an epoxide-based oligomer coating |
| US9745190B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2017-08-29 | Saint Louis University | Passivated metal nanoparticles having an epoxide-based oligomer coating |
| JP2013044002A (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-03-04 | Jsr Corp | Aluminum film forming method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9021042D0 (en) | 1990-11-07 |
| GB9120561D0 (en) | 1991-11-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |