GB2138854A - Gasket paper - Google Patents
Gasket paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2138854A GB2138854A GB08311406A GB8311406A GB2138854A GB 2138854 A GB2138854 A GB 2138854A GB 08311406 A GB08311406 A GB 08311406A GB 8311406 A GB8311406 A GB 8311406A GB 2138854 A GB2138854 A GB 2138854A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- sheet material
- flexible sheet
- fibres
- aqueous slurry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010427 ball clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000008430 aromatic amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003190 poly( p-benzamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/102—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing characterised by material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/26—Polyamides; Polyimides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
Non-asbestos flexible sheet material suitable for use in gaskets for the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is made by dewatering on a water-permeable conveyor a layer of aqueous slurry and compressing and drying the dewatered layer, the aqueous slurry employed being one that contains the following ingredients in the following proportions by dry weight: ball clay 35-60% cellulose fibres 2-10% organic polymer binder 5-20% fibrillated poly (aromatic 10-40% amide) fibres r
Description
SPECIFICATION
Flexible sheet material
This invention relates to flexible sheet material suitable for use in the manufacture of gaskets, particularly gaskets for the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
Such material is commonly made from asbestos fibres as the predominant ingredient, cellulose fibres and particles of barytes (as oil-resistant filler), all bound together with a binder, which is usually an organic polymer. The material is made with the use of conventional papermaking machinery such as a Fourdrinier machine, and is in fact often called 'asbestos paper'. In the manufacture of cylinder head gaskets, two lengths of asbestos paper (usually of thickness in the range 0.3-1.3 mm) are drawn from reels and, with a sheet of metal (e.g. tinplate) which is to form the support element of the gasket between them, are passed between rollers which urge the two paper sheets into engagement with the metal sheet, as by pushing shallow tangs on the metal sheet into the paper. From the composite sheet thus formed blanks are cut in the desired shape.
The present invention provides paper not having a basis of asbestos, but with the properties required for use in cylinder head gaskets, and in particular the flexibility and tensile strength to withstand being made up into gaskets without losing its integrity, and the capacity to seal not only against cylinder gases but also against water containing antifreeze and against oil.
Additionally, it is desirable that the gasket should be easily releasable from the cylinder head when the head is removed from the cylinder block.
The non-asbestos flexible sheet material of the invention is made by a conventional papermaking process, but with the employment of an aqueous paper-making slurry of particular ingredients used in particular proportions.
The conventional process can be summarised as one in which an aqueous slurry of the various ingredients of the paper is progressively dewatered as a layer on a water-permeable conveyor, and the dewatered layer is subsequently compressed and dried. The new aqueous paper-making slurry employed in the process of the invention contains the following ingredients in the following proportions by dry weight: ball clay 35-60% cellulose fibres 2-10% organic polymer binder 5-20% fibrillated poly (aromatic amide) 10-40% fibres
The ball clay, which is employed in the unfired state, is the ingredient which gives the finished paper its basic cohesiveness combined with flexibility. Additionally, its presence greatly assists the formation of a layer of good green strength' on the water-permeable conveyor of the paper-making machine.
The function of the cellulose fibres is primarily to assist the formation of a web on the waterpermeable conveyor of the paper-making machine. The cellulose fibres are suitably employed at a freeness of 60-90" Schopper Riegler.
The organic polymer binder is preferably a synthetic rubber for this improves the flexibility of the finished paper. The synthetic rubber is preferably a nitrile rubber, such as an acrylonitrilebutadiene copolymer, suitably of butadiene content 25-75% by weight. In preparing the paper the synthetic rubber is incorporated in dispersed form in the aqueous slurry which is progressively dewatered, conveniently by the use of a commercially available latex containing a dispersing agent.
The fibrillated fibres of poly (aromatic amide) or 'aramid' assist formation of a web, but not so effectively as the cellulose fibres.
They are, however, much better than cellulose fibres in their capacity to confer strength at the high temperature (280-300"C) at which the finished gasket has to operate. A very suitable aramid is poly (p-benzamide), which is available under the trade mark Kevlar. The fibres are used in fibrillated form i.e. with branches extending from a main stem, and because of their branched nature they are ordinariiy encountered as fluffy or 'pulps' of low bulk density, of the order of 0.1 gram/cm3. Preferably, the aramid forms at least 20% by weight of the paper, and accordingly at least 20% by weight of solids in the slurry from which the paper is formetl.
The sealing properties of the paper against water can be improved by incorporating a wax, such as paraffin wax, suitably in an amount of 0.5-5% by weight of the paper.
The density of the paper produced will ordinarily be in the range 800-1500 kg/m3.
The invention is further illustrated by the following Example.
Example
This Example illustrates the preparation of a non-asbestos gasket paper from an aqueous slurry having a solids content of the following composition: % % by dry weight cellulose fibres 5 fibrillated poly (aromatic amide) 32 ball clay 49 rubber 13 wax 1
A. Preparation of Slurry
Lapponia pulp (bleached softwood sulphate pulp) in sheet form was made into an aqueous slurry of solids content about 3% by weight and treated in a disc refiner until its freeness was 80 Schopper Riegler.
ii The pulp of i (0.5 kg/dry weight) was added to 113.5 litres of water at 60"C in a mixing tank, and the diluted pulp was agitated vigorously for 1 minute. There were then successively added, with vigorous stirring: ball clay: 4.9 kg (91% passing a sieve of aperture 5,um) fibrillated poly 1 60 litres of an aqueous suspension containing (aromatic amide): 2% by weight of the material soid under the name 'Kevlar pulp' paraffin/petrolatum: (average particle size 1 ym) 100g dry weight in 1 litre of water.
emulsion
Finally, there was added a commercially available aqueous acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer latex (pH 9.5-12; solids content 30-34%; acrylonitrile content of copolymer, 33%) diluted with 5 times its own volume of water.
iii The pH of the slurry in the mixer was then reduced to about 4.5 by the addition of papermakers alum (aluminium sulphate). The supernatant liquid that remained when stirring was stopped was clear, indicating that the dispersed rubber particles of the latex had all been precipitated onto the fibres and the fillers. Water at 60"C was then added to bring the total volume of water present to 500 litres, and stirring was continued for 3 minutes.
B. Preparation of Paper
The slurry of A above was made into flexible sheet material in an entirely conventional way, using conventional anionic polyacrylamide flocculating agent and anti-foaming agent, on a
Fourdrinier flat wire paper machine, such as is described in chapters 10 and 11 of "Paper and
Board Manufacture" by Julius Grant, James H. Young and Barry G. Watson (Publishers;
Technical Division, The British Paper and Board Industry Federation, London 1978). The slurry is progressively dewatered as it travels on the water-permeable conveyor of the machine, and the dewatered material is consolidated by pressing between rollers. The sheet material thus formed is dried on heated cylinders, calendered between heated pressure rollers (temperature 130-1 50"C), and wound into reels.
The properties of two flexible sheet materials obtained from the slurry of A were:
Thickness mm 0.49 0.75
Mass/unit area g/m2 598 720
Density kg/m3 1220 960
Tensile strength
Machine direction MPa 17.5 10.5
Cross direction MPa 14.9 8.8
Compression at 6.89 MPa % 9.5 18
Recovery from Compression % 70 38
Claims (4)
1. Non-asbestos flexible sheet material made by dewatering on a water-permeable conveyor a layer of aqueous slurry and compressing and drying the dewatered layer, the aqueous slurry employed being one that contains the following ingredients in the following proportions by dry weight: ball clay 35-60% cellulose fibres 2-10% organic polymer binder 5-20% fibrillated poly (aromatic amide) fibres 10-40%
2. Non-asbestos flexible sheet material according to claim 1, in which the slurry also contains a wax.
3. Non-asbestos flexible sheet material substantially as described with reference to the
Example herein.
4. A gasket comprising non-asbestos flexible sheet material according to any preceding claim, secured to a metal support.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08311406A GB2138854B (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1983-04-27 | Gasket paper |
| AU27021/84A AU2702184A (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1984-04-17 | Cylinder gasket sheet |
| ES531935A ES8506252A1 (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1984-04-26 | Gasket paper |
| FR8406561A FR2545035A1 (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1984-04-26 | FLEXIBLE SHEET WITHOUT ASBESTOS AND JOINT CONSISTING OF SUCH A SHEET |
| ZA843090A ZA843090B (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1984-04-26 | Flexible sheet material |
| IT8448093A IT8448093A0 (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1984-04-26 | ASBESTOS-FREE SHEET MATERIAL, PARTICULARLY FOR HEAD GASKETS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| DE19843415567 DE3415567A1 (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1984-04-26 | ASBEST-FREE, BENDABLE MATERIAL |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08311406A GB2138854B (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1983-04-27 | Gasket paper |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8311406D0 GB8311406D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
| GB2138854A true GB2138854A (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| GB2138854B GB2138854B (en) | 1986-03-26 |
Family
ID=10541748
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08311406A Expired GB2138854B (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1983-04-27 | Gasket paper |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2702184A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3415567A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8506252A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2545035A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2138854B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT8448093A0 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA843090B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2250302A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-06-03 | T & N Technology Ltd | Gasket paper |
| WO1997049864A1 (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1997-12-31 | T & N Technology Limited | Gasket paper |
| EP1619427A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-01-25 | Nichias Corporation | Gasket sheet and method for manufacturing same |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3735634A1 (en) * | 1987-10-21 | 1989-05-03 | Goetze Ag | Flexible gasket material, in particular for cylinder-head gaskets |
| DE4122737A1 (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-01-14 | Akzo Nv | COMPOSITION WITH SHORT FIBERS MADE OF ARAMID |
-
1983
- 1983-04-27 GB GB08311406A patent/GB2138854B/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-04-17 AU AU27021/84A patent/AU2702184A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1984-04-26 FR FR8406561A patent/FR2545035A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-04-26 IT IT8448093A patent/IT8448093A0/en unknown
- 1984-04-26 ES ES531935A patent/ES8506252A1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-26 ZA ZA843090A patent/ZA843090B/en unknown
- 1984-04-26 DE DE19843415567 patent/DE3415567A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2250302A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-06-03 | T & N Technology Ltd | Gasket paper |
| WO1992009744A1 (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-06-11 | T&N Technology Limited | Non-asbestos flexible sheet material |
| GB2250302B (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1994-05-18 | T & N Technology Ltd | Non-asbestos flexible sheet material |
| WO1997049864A1 (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1997-12-31 | T & N Technology Limited | Gasket paper |
| GB2314569A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-01-07 | T & N Technology Ltd | Gasket paper |
| GB2314569B (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 2000-01-26 | T & N Technology Ltd | Gasket paper |
| EP1619427A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-01-25 | Nichias Corporation | Gasket sheet and method for manufacturing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2702184A (en) | 1984-11-01 |
| FR2545035A1 (en) | 1984-11-02 |
| GB8311406D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
| DE3415567A1 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| ES531935A0 (en) | 1985-07-01 |
| GB2138854B (en) | 1986-03-26 |
| ES8506252A1 (en) | 1985-07-01 |
| IT8448093A0 (en) | 1984-04-26 |
| ZA843090B (en) | 1984-11-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |