GB2131341A - Plastics components of or for bearings - Google Patents
Plastics components of or for bearings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2131341A GB2131341A GB08328268A GB8328268A GB2131341A GB 2131341 A GB2131341 A GB 2131341A GB 08328268 A GB08328268 A GB 08328268A GB 8328268 A GB8328268 A GB 8328268A GB 2131341 A GB2131341 A GB 2131341A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- plastics
- parts
- expanding agent
- bearing
- sleeve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000206 moulding compound Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008207 working material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052806 inorganic carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
- F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
- F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
- F16C35/073—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between shaft and inner race ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
- B29C44/1228—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/38—Ball cages
- F16C33/44—Selection of substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/62—Selection of substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
- F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2220/00—Shaping
- F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
- F16C2220/04—Shaping by casting by injection-moulding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
A material for the production of dynamically stressed precision parts for bearings is disclosed. In order to prevent shrinkage of the material during the processing in a mould, after cooling or curing, an expanding agent is added. When the basic material is a thermoplastics, preferably 0.2 to 2% of an expanding agent is added. In order to prevent a bearing, which is secured on a shaft (11) by means of an insert-moulded plastics sleeve (12,14), from becoming loose as a result of shrinkage of the sleeve material, an expanding agent is added to the moulding compound. Accordingly, the plastics sleeve is seated under preloading between the bearing and the shaft, in which case the inner wall thickness resulting from the shrinkage is compensated for. A preferred working material is 100 parts polyamide, 10 parts glass fibre and 0.8 parts expanding agent. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Plastics components of or for bearings
The invention relates to a material for use in the production of dynamically stressed precision parts for
bearings comprising an injection mouldable or castable plastics material, and to the installation of a bearing
using a plastic sleeve.
Precision plastics parts for bearings, for example cages for rolling bearings, bearing rings around which
plastics material has been injection-moulded etc., are usually required to have close-tolerance dimensions.
In accordance with series production, a manufacturing process is desirable having as few as possible work
steps and, as far as possible, no second or finishing operations. Accordingly, these precision parts are
mostly produced using injection-moulding or casting technology, in which after removal of the mould a
finished product is obtained requiring no further machining. Although a large choice of basic materials is
available, and they can be provided with a very wide variety of fillers (for example glass fibres or carbon
fibres) and other additives and can thus be extensively adapted to the particular requirements, in nearly all
known embodiments a serious disadvantage is present: after processing, the plastics material shrinks in the
course of cooling or curing. This means that the dimensions become slightly smaller in relation to the
original size of the mould.In the case of certain simple mouldings, for example with the same material
thickness throughout, it is possible to overcome this drawback by increasing the dimensions of the mould by
the amount of the expected shrinkage. However, this solution is not possible if the moulding is complicated,
has different wall thicknesses merging into one another or has portions disposed angularly with respect to
one another.In these cases even an amount of shrinkage individually calculated or determined at each point
of the moulding, a correspondingly designed mould would be unsuccessful in series production, because
slight dimensional variations between mouldings always occur as a result of conditions which vary during
production, such as temperature gradients in the mould, temperature of the plastics material, pressure, for
example, during the injection-moulding process, mix ratio of the plastics material etc.
Particularly in bearing technology, dimensional variations of this type, even though slight, can
considerably affect the smooth running and service life of the whole bearing, for example in the case of a
rolling-bearing cage. In this example, the affected areas are the cage pockets, the side faces of which act as
abutment surfaces for the rolling body. The shrinkage of the plastics material may thus cause the following
defects:
- deviation from the geometrical shape of the cage pocket;
- side faces inclined in relation to the corresponding abutment surfaces of the rolling body:
- uneven side faces;
- to large or too small dimensions of the cage pockets.
Even though these defects are extremely small from a dimensional aspect, in addition to the usual
production tolerances they contribute considerably to the fact that the quality of a series of rolling bearings
fluctuates substantially. With the plastics materials used hithertoforthe production of precision parts, the
quality of the mouldings can be improved only by expensive finishing work.
The invention in one aspect provides a material for use in the production of dynamically stressed precision
parts for bearings, comprising an injection mouldable or castable plastics material wherein an expanding
agent is added to the basic material.
A material of this type can be processed in conventional manner using a mould in injection moulding
technology. As a result of the expanding agent, expansion forces arise during processing which, upon
cooling or curing of the plastics material, counteract the shrinkage. In this way, the moulding
advantageously retains the desired dimensions, whereby in particular accurate surfaces are produced
conforming to the mould; moreover, these surfaces retain the position and alignment pre-determined by the
mould.
This advantage is particularly noticeable in cages for roller bearings. The side faces of the cage pockets form an accurate abutment surface which is of large area or, if desired, is linear, and which effects
low-friction, uniform and smooth guidance or support of the rolling bodies. The accurate and uniform
alignment of all cage pockets also brought about by the method according to the invention results in
accurate rolling motion of all rolling bodies, whereby the operating noise of the rolling bearing is
substantially reduced.
Preferably, when the plastics is thermoplastic the expanding agent is in the amount of 0.2 to 2 parts per
100 parts of plastics.
In practical tests this percentage has given particularly satisfactory results, it being necessary to determine
by tests the actual percentage within the indicated range, depending on the moulding to be manufactured.
Example 1.
Acagefor a rolling bearing was produced using the following moulding composition:
polyamide - 100 parts
glass fibre - 25 parts
expanding agent - 1 part
The polyamide was type PA66, available from BASF, Federal Republic of Germany and the expanding agent was type EF-A (an azo-dicarbonate) available from Lehmann and Voss, Federal Republic of Germany.
The individual description for the use of the plastics according to the invention in the production of cages for rolling bearings is to be taken merely by way of example. Of course, similar precision parts can also be produced therewith.
In the installation of a bearing, a plastics sleeve-shaped insert is provided between the seating faces of a bearing ring and a shaft, axle or a housing.
Patent Specification DE 1253960 discloses a method of installation of this type. In this case, the seating face of a bearing has a broad annular groove in which is accommodated a prefabricated elastic insert comprising a plastics material, which insert is deformed upon insertion of the bearing into the bore of a housing. As a result of subsequent curing of the material of the insert, a sufficiently accurate adaption to the bore in the housing is achieved. However, this installation is provided specially for producing a loose bearing fit and necessitates plastics sleeves and washers or spacers adapted to the respective application and bearing size.
Patent Specification DD 73682 discloses another method in which the accurate alignment of a number of bearings is achieved by filling a space between the bearing rings and accommodaring bores with, for example, epoxy resin. However, as a result of the ageing of the material and as a result of loading it is possible for the bearing rings to become loosened from the plastics filling, whereby damage may occur.
In the case of all the materials used hitherto for the installation of the type indicated, their volume diminishes slightly as a result of ageing, i.e. they shrink in the course of their service life. Accordingly, in the case of bearings initially installed with an accurate fit, a gap is formed as a result of which precise mounting is no longer present.
The invention provides in another aspect a method of installing a bearing, in which a plastics sleeve-shaped insert is provided between the seating faces of a bearing and a shaft, axle or a housing, by casting, injection-moulding or the like, wherein an expanding agent is added to the material for the sleeve-shaped insert.
In the material with added expanding agent, which can be processed or worked in the usual manner using an injection-moulding die, after curing there occur expansion forces which retain the relevant bearing ring under pre-loading, for example on the shaft. Accordingly, any shrinkage caused by ageing of the material is advantageously compensated for, so that the fitting of the bearing without play is maintained.
Preferably, when the plastics is a thermoplastic 0.2 to 2 parts of an expanding agent is added to 100 parts of the plastics.
According to the percentage of added expanding agent, it is possible for inter alia the preloading force and thus shrinkage compensation to be adapted to the particular application. The composition according to the invention has proven to be advantageous, for example, for the installation of rolling bearings and for the tolerances occurring therein. The installation according to the invention can be effected wherever tolerances are to be expected in the dimensions and wherever it is possible for alignment errors to occur, for example, in bores for the reception of bearings of a shaft. In all these cases it is possible for errors to be individually compensated for by the sleeve-shaped insert according to the invention. Of course, it is also possible to provide force-locked connections in addition to form-locked connections.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 illustrates, in longitudinal section, a conventional installation and
Figure 2 an installation according to the invention.
Referring to Figure 1', the inner ring 10 of a ball-bearing is mounted on a shaft 11 via a plastics sleeve 12.
The plastics sleeve 12 is inserted directly between the inner ring 10 and the shaft 11 using an injection-moulding process, the mould die components not being shown. A gap 13 is evident between the circumferential surface of the plastics sleeve 12 and the bore surface of the inner ring 10, whish gap results from shrinkage of the material caused by ageing, when a hitherto conventional material is used for the plastics sleeve 2. A gap of this type does not arise when, as shown in Figure 2, the material for the plastics sleeve 14 is provided with an expanding agent and the expanding agent causes an expansion ofthe plastics sleeve.
Example 2:
A plastics sleeve 14 was produced using the following moulding composition:
polyamide - 100 parts
glass fibre - 10 parts
expanding agent - 0.8 parts
The polyamide was type PA66, available from BASF, Federal Republic of Germany, and the expanding agent was type Geniton AF100 (an inorganic carbonate) available from Lehmann and Voss, Federal Republic of Germany.
Claims (9)
1. A material for use in the production of dynamically stressed precision parts for bearings, comprising an injection mouldable or castable plastics material wherein an expanding agent is added to the basic material.
2. A material according to Claim 1, wherein when the basic material is a thermoplastic the expanding agent is in the amount of 0.2 to 2 parts per 100 parts of plastics.
3. A method of installing a bearing, in which a plastics sleeve-shaped insert is provided between the seating faces of a bearing and a shaft, axle or a housing, by casting, injection-moulding or the like, wherein an expanding agent is added to the material for the sleeve-shaped insert.
4. A method according to Claim 3, wherein when the plastics is a thermoplastic 0.2 to 2 parts of an expanding agent is added to 100 parts of plastics.
5. A method of producing a component of or for a bearing assembly, which component is made of plastics, the method including injection moulding or casting the component from a compound including an expanding agent.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 5, in which the assembly comprises a bearing mounted in a bore of a housing or mounted on a shaft, and in which the component is a plastics sleeve positioned between the seating surfaces of the bearing and the bore or the shaft, wherein the sleeve is injection moulded or cast between the seating surfaces.
7. A method as claimed in Claim 5 or 6, wherein, when the plastics is a thermoplastic, the expanding agent is in the amount of 0.2 to 2 parts for every 100 parts of plastics.
8. A method of producing a component of or for a bearing assembly substantially as herein described with reference to the Examples and Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
9. A component of or for a bearing assembly when produced by a method as claimed in any one of
Claims 5 to 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823239335 DE3239335A1 (en) | 1982-10-23 | 1982-10-23 | Material for the production of dynamically stressed precision components for bearings |
| DE19823239334 DE3239334A1 (en) | 1982-10-23 | 1982-10-23 | Installation of bearings |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8328268D0 GB8328268D0 (en) | 1983-11-23 |
| GB2131341A true GB2131341A (en) | 1984-06-20 |
Family
ID=25805311
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08328268A Withdrawn GB2131341A (en) | 1982-10-23 | 1983-10-21 | Plastics components of or for bearings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2131341A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2352779B (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 2004-04-21 | Munster Simms Eng Ltd | Diaphragm pumps |
| WO2008092654A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-07 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Construction comprising a bearing mounted on a plastic body |
| EP4667761A1 (en) * | 2024-06-20 | 2025-12-24 | Marelli Europe S.p.A. | Actuator for automotive applications and the manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB853934A (en) * | 1956-01-24 | 1960-11-09 | Roehm & Haas Gmbh | Improvements in or relating to casts and moulds |
| GB944611A (en) * | 1959-07-30 | 1963-12-18 | Monsanto Chemicals | Moulding compositions |
| GB1382207A (en) * | 1972-06-17 | 1975-01-29 | Akontz E | Process for making a symbol carrier element for a demonstration or educational aid device |
| GB1393680A (en) * | 1971-11-23 | 1975-05-07 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Porous plastics materials |
| GB1427670A (en) * | 1974-03-28 | 1976-03-10 | Rotoplas Ltd | Rotational moulding |
-
1983
- 1983-10-21 GB GB08328268A patent/GB2131341A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB853934A (en) * | 1956-01-24 | 1960-11-09 | Roehm & Haas Gmbh | Improvements in or relating to casts and moulds |
| GB944611A (en) * | 1959-07-30 | 1963-12-18 | Monsanto Chemicals | Moulding compositions |
| GB1393680A (en) * | 1971-11-23 | 1975-05-07 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Porous plastics materials |
| GB1382207A (en) * | 1972-06-17 | 1975-01-29 | Akontz E | Process for making a symbol carrier element for a demonstration or educational aid device |
| GB1427670A (en) * | 1974-03-28 | 1976-03-10 | Rotoplas Ltd | Rotational moulding |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2352779B (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 2004-04-21 | Munster Simms Eng Ltd | Diaphragm pumps |
| WO2008092654A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-07 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Construction comprising a bearing mounted on a plastic body |
| EP4667761A1 (en) * | 2024-06-20 | 2025-12-24 | Marelli Europe S.p.A. | Actuator for automotive applications and the manufacturing method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8328268D0 (en) | 1983-11-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |