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GB2130440A - Circuit boards for fluid control - Google Patents

Circuit boards for fluid control Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2130440A
GB2130440A GB08327636A GB8327636A GB2130440A GB 2130440 A GB2130440 A GB 2130440A GB 08327636 A GB08327636 A GB 08327636A GB 8327636 A GB8327636 A GB 8327636A GB 2130440 A GB2130440 A GB 2130440A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
circuit board
board
housing
terminals
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08327636A
Other versions
GB2130440B (en
GB8327636D0 (en
Inventor
Kurt Stoll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Festo Maschinenfabrik Gottlieb Stoll Firma
Original Assignee
Festo Maschinenfabrik Gottlieb Stoll Firma
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Festo Maschinenfabrik Gottlieb Stoll Firma filed Critical Festo Maschinenfabrik Gottlieb Stoll Firma
Publication of GB8327636D0 publication Critical patent/GB8327636D0/en
Publication of GB2130440A publication Critical patent/GB2130440A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2130440B publication Critical patent/GB2130440B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
    • F15B13/08—Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
    • F15B13/0803—Modular units
    • F15B13/0807—Manifolds
    • F15B13/081—Laminated constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
    • F15B13/08—Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
    • F15B13/0803—Modular units
    • F15B13/0807—Manifolds
    • F15B13/0814—Monoblock manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
    • F15B13/08—Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
    • F15B13/0803—Modular units
    • F15B13/0821—Attachment or sealing of modular units to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
    • F15B13/08—Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
    • F15B13/0803—Modular units
    • F15B13/0832—Modular valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
    • F15B13/08—Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
    • F15B13/0803—Modular units
    • F15B13/0846—Electrical details
    • F15B13/0853—Electric circuit boards
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
    • F15B13/08—Assemblies of units, each for the control of a single servomotor only
    • F15B13/0803—Modular units
    • F15B13/0846—Electrical details
    • F15B13/0857—Electrical connecting means, e.g. plugs, sockets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/877—With flow control means for branched passages
    • Y10T137/87885—Sectional block structure

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)

Description

1
SPECIFICATION
A circuit board The present invention is with respect to a circuit boards, and more specially to such a board having a board body f itted with electrical components and fluid controlling or controlled components (herein named "fluid components") and with a connector having in-line electrical and fluid terminals pointing in a common direction.
Such circuit boards may be used for electrical pneumatic controls with a board member in the form of a printed circuit board fitted with the electronic components. Furthermore the pneumatic compo nents, as for example solenoids, and pneumatic plug terminals, are screwed on the circuit board. By pushing the circuit card or board into a part of an apparatus designed therefor and having electrical plug contact terminals for functioning with the electrical plug contact terminals on an edge of the circuit board, which for their part are joined up with the fluid terminal plugs screwed on the circuit board, it is possible for the electrical and fluid connections to and from the circuit board to be produced.
For joining up the fluid components with the fluid terminals on the circuit card, and for joining them with each other, flexible pipe connections have been so far used in the art, whose ends are slipped over nozzles of the fluid terminals or of the fluid compo nents as the case may be.
The putting together of the fluid components on such a prior art design of circuit card is forthis reason likely to be very slow work.
Furthermore the different pieces of connection pipe will be sticking out from the circuit card so that the cards have to be fixed in place well clear of each other to make certain that there is no chance of any of the connection pipes being pulled off by chance on plugging a circuit card in place.
One purpose or object of the present invention is that of so designing a circuit board or card of the sort noted hereinbefore that the fluid components may be fixed in place more simply thereon.
A still further purpose of the invention is making it possible a number of such cards of the sort in question to be placed nearerto each other without any danger of damaging the ducts means of such a board or card.
For effecting this and further purposes of the invention a circuit board comprising a board body, electrical and fluid components fitted on said body, and electrical and fluid plug terminals in the form of an in-line assembly, is characterized in that said terminals have a common direction of plugging, ducts being formed within the board body with each of the ducts running between one of the fluid terminals and a port placed in a component mount ing face on said board body.
In the circuit card of the present invention the differentfluid ducts are made.part of the board member so that the same may be looked upon as having the function of a sort of circuit board made with a duct connection system that is much like the printed wiring of a printed circuit board but is 130 GB 2 130 440 A,.. 1 different thereto only inasfar as it has a fluid conducting and switching function in place of an electrical one, on which thefluid components only have to be mounted, something that is may be done quite simply, it being possible forthe desired fluid connections between a given component and the terminals to be made on the component mounting face without any connection hoses being needed.
In the case of the circuit card of the present invention the system of connections of the different ducts is fixed right from the time the circuit card is produced without any chance of them being changed or positioned in error later. Furthermore the ducts take up very little space and are well safe- guarded right inside the card or board member. In practice more than 50 % less space is needed.
A number of different further developments of the invention are claimed in the dependent claims.
As part of one such further possible development of the invention, the board is in the form of a laminated structure with at least two board members, the inner connection ducts are in the form of channels in the interface between one board and the other or next board and the channels are joined up, by way of through holes in the boards, with the said mounting face, such through holes having a direction component normal to the plane of the board.
This outgrowth of the invention makes it possible for simple molds to be used for manufacturing the different single board members with a number of different ducts in different planes of the board body.
In keeping with a further idea on which the invention is based, the board member is made of hard foam material, at least in the part thereof forming the component mounting face. This makes it very simple forthe fluid components to be sealed on the said face simply by placing them in contact therewith inasfar as the hard foam material will be somewhat bent thereby and a fluid tight join will be produced. Furthermore, if such hard foam material is used, the fluid components may be fixed directly on the mounting face by using screws, as for example self-tapping ones, for which pilot holes will have been drilled in the board beforehand.
Within the general framework of the present invention, it is possible for the board member and the fluid components to have plug terminals, working together with each other, thereon and having a plugging direction normal to the said mounting face.
This then makes it possible for the separate fluid components, that have electrical control terminals thereon, to be positioned on the component mounting face in a single plugging operation and the fluid connections will then all produced at the same time.
When they are so put into position the components will be kept firstly in place by the electrical terminals for the time being till they are then able to be fixed in position by fastening means such as screws. Such screwing in position is in fact made simpler because of the supporting effect of the electrical terminals.
The plug terminals of the fluid components may be placed running out to the side past the components themselves while the fixed plug terminals are placed on the board member the right distance to the side clear of the positions of mounting of the 2 GB 2 130 440 A 2 components. This makes it possible to see that the electrical connection wires and the f I uid connection ducts are kept separate from each other, this being of value in connection with simple assembly and production and furthermore when it comes to looking for errors in the system.
The board may furthermore have first positive locking means functioning with second matching positive locking means as part of a circuit board housing. Such a housing may have at least one mounting position for a further such circuit board. The housing may have further locking means on its outer side for use with matching positive locking means in a hollow of the housing.
Such further developments of the design are generally to make it simpler for a single circuit board or a number of such circuit boards to be put in place in a hollow or socket and give a useful effect in In fact, when the housing is made with the further mounting position for a further circuit board, one such board having mostly electrical components may be housed in the housing in addition to a circuit board mainly fitted with fluid components, the two boards then functioning as single unit, this making it specially simple to come across any errors or damage, if present and boards that are no longer in working order may be simply replaced.
An account will now be given of one working example of the invention using the accompanying figures.
Figure 1 is an end-on view of a circuit board having electrical and fluid controlling components therein, looking in the direction of plugging.
Figure2 is a view looking down on the circuit board or card of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a view from the side of the circuit card to be seen in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a cross-section through the circuit card of the Figures 1 to 3.
In the figures the reader will see a circuit board 105 generally numbered 10, that is slidingly taken up in a housing 12, whose one half is to be seen broken away in the Figure.
The circuit board 10 is made up of three board members 14,16 and 18 placed flatwise on top of each other. The board members are made of hard foam material and are joined together by adhesive, for example. In the face or interface, to be seen on the right in Figure 4, of the board member 16 surface channels 20-0 to 20-9 are formed, each of same opening at one end into an outlet or power port 22 in a free face, forming a component mounting face 24, of the board member 18. The other ends of the fluid ducts in the form of the surface channels 20 shut off on their otherwise open sides by the board member 14 are each joined up with a different one of ten fluid plug terminals or spigots 26-0 to 26-9, supported and forming part of an in-line terminal assembly 28.
Furthermore there are ten inlet ports 30 opening at the component mounting face 24 and they are joined up by way of surface channels 32 in the side face, to be seen on the right in Figure 4, of the board member 18 with a further channel 34, running in the length direction of the board 18. The channel 34 together with the limiting face of the board member 16 to be seen on the left in Figure 4 makes up an inlet duct that is joined up with a plug terminal 36 for the supply of fluid under pressure, the terminal 36 being joined up with the in-line terminal assembly 28.
The different channels are placed symmetrically in relation to the lengthways middle plane of the board members 14,16 and 18 so that on each side of the said middle lengthways plane there are five mounting positions or points for fluid components. In the present working example these components are taken to be 2/2 solenoid valves 38-0 to 38-9.
The solenoid valves 38 are kept in place directly on the assembly made up of the boards 14 to 18 by way of self tapping screws 40 so that the inlet and outlet ports of the valves, placed in the surface next to the board assembly, are air-tightly joined up with the outlet and inlet ports 30 and 22.
In their side face next to the middle of the circuit board the solenoid valves 39 in each case have two electrical knife contact terminals 42 (Figure 4) plugged in between contact springs 44 therefor. The contact springs 44 are so designed that the solenoid valves may be moved in a direction normal to the plane of Figure 2 towards the mounting face 24, the knife contacts 42 then automatically taking up positions between the contact springs 44 when such mounting motion takes place. In this way the solenoid valves 38 are kept in place even before driving home the screws so that the screwing operation is in fact made simpler.
Each of the contact springs 44 has a soldering lug 46 formed thereon for connection with electrical wiring.
The contact springs 44 are positioned in a plug housing 48 by molding, that is to say locked in place by molding the resin of the housing 48 round them. The housing 48 is seated on a fin 50 running along the board 18 in the length direction thereon. The housing 48 has slots 52, through which the knife contacts 42 may be freely moved into position. The complete assembly made up of the contact springs 44 is shut off by a cover 54, that for its part is fixed on the plug housing 48 by way of screws 56. The different electrical conductors running to the contact springs 44 are joined up with an electrical plug connector 58 with a cable 60.
As may be more specially seen from Figure 4, the board 14 has side wings 62 that are locked into dovetail grooves 64 in the housing 12. To keep the circuit board 10 locked in the housing 12 there are sprags 66 (see Figure 2) acting as locking means, that are screwed in place by screws 68 on the in-line terminal assembly 28 and take effect on the housing 12.
As the reader will more specially be able to see from Figures 3 and 4, the housing 12 is so large in size that there is still room in it for a second circuit board. This circuit board may be designed on the same lines as the circuit board 10, or it may befitted with mostly electronic components for controlling the different solenoid valves 38.
As will be seen from the Figures, the housing 12 has dove-tail section slots 64 on its inner side, while its outer faces are ribbed at 70 so thatthe unit made up of the circuit boards and the housing 12 may k a 3 GB 2 130 440 A 3 slipped into an enclosure therefor.
At its end 12 the housing 12 may be shut off by a cover (not to be seen in the figures) kept in place by adhesive or by a snap-on locking system so that the housing 12 and the circuit boards as a unit placed therein positioned therein are safeguarded against dust and moisture.

Claims (11)

1. A circuit board comprising aboard body, electrical and fluid components fitted on said body, and electrical and fluid plug terminals in the form of an in-line assembly, said terminals having a com- mon direction of plugging, ducts being formed within the board body with each of the ducts running between one of the fluid terminals and a port placed in a component mounting face on said board body.
2. A circuit board as claimed in claim 1 wherein said board body is made up of at leasttwo board members joined flatwise together, said ducts being in the form of channels in at least one such member with sides of the ducts covered over by a member next thereto, said ducts being joined up by holes through the members with said component mounting face, said holes having a component normal to said face.
3. A circuit board as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said body at least in the part thereof with the said mounting face thereon is made of hard foamed synthetic resin.
4. A circuit board as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 3 comprising plug terminals on the said body and the said fluid components, said terminals being joined together and having a direction normal to the mounting face.
5. A circuit board as claimed in claim 4 wherein said fluid terminals are placed running out over a side of said body and fixed plug terminals are placed on the said body to the side of component mounting positions on said mounting face.
6. A circuit board as claimed in claim 5 wherein said fixed plug terminals are placed in line with each other.
7. A circuit board as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 6 comprising a housing, first positive locking means and second locking means on the housing for functioning with said first means.
8. A circuit board as claimed in claim 7 wherein said body is placed in said housing, said housing furthermore being designed to take up at least one further such board.
9. A circuit board as claimed in claimed in claim 8 having further positive locking means on an outer side of said housing, and a housing enclosure for said housing, said enclosure having matching locking means thereon for use with said positive locking means on said outer side.
10. A circuit board substantially as described hereinbefore with reference to the accompanying drawings.
11. Any novel subject matter or combination including novel subject matter herein disclosed, whether or not within the scope of or relating to the same invention as any of the preceding claims.
A Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by Croydon Printing Company Limited, Croydon, Surrey, 1984. Published by The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.
GB08327636A 1982-10-20 1983-10-14 Circuit boards for fluid control Expired GB2130440B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3238750A DE3238750C1 (en) 1982-10-20 1982-10-20 Circuit board

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8327636D0 GB8327636D0 (en) 1983-11-16
GB2130440A true GB2130440A (en) 1984-05-31
GB2130440B GB2130440B (en) 1986-06-25

Family

ID=6176108

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08327636A Expired GB2130440B (en) 1982-10-20 1983-10-14 Circuit boards for fluid control

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4549248A (en)
JP (1) JPS5975301A (en)
CH (1) CH665723A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3238750C1 (en)
ES (1) ES526564A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2535080B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2130440B (en)
HK (1) HK99586A (en)
IT (1) IT1164447B (en)
SG (1) SG77786G (en)

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DE3836405A1 (en) * 1988-10-26 1990-05-03 Teves Gmbh Alfred Board arrangement, especially for a valve block of an anti-skid (skid-controlled) hydraulic braking system
GB2232722A (en) * 1989-04-05 1990-12-19 Festo Kg Valve unit
US5234033A (en) * 1989-04-05 1993-08-10 Festo Kg Fluid power valve unit
GB2318392A (en) * 1996-10-17 1998-04-22 Huntleigh Technology Plc Pressure control system
US7048002B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2006-05-23 Smc Corporation Board-mounted manifold valve

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US5144982A (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-09-08 Milliken Research Corporation Electro-pneumatic valve card assemblies
US5193781A (en) * 1990-10-12 1993-03-16 Milliken Research Corporation Electro-pneumatic valve card assemblies
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US5640995A (en) * 1995-03-14 1997-06-24 Baxter International Inc. Electrofluidic standard module and custom circuit board assembly
CH691004A5 (en) * 1996-06-26 2001-03-30 Parker Lucifer Sa Battery, for controlling filling valve during bottle filling, has eight solenoid valves with respective coils having connecting pins, for current supply, and linked to each other through isolating block placed very close to neighbor blocks
DE19722925C1 (en) * 1997-05-27 1998-09-10 Mannesmann Ag Electrical connecting element for valve unit electromagnets
DE10013192B4 (en) * 2000-03-17 2004-05-06 Festo Ag & Co. valve assembly
DE10040559C2 (en) 2000-08-15 2003-04-30 Volkswagen Ag Valve block and valve block set for manufacturing such a valve block
US6897557B2 (en) 2001-06-19 2005-05-24 The Regents Of The University Of California Integrated electrical connector
US6707670B2 (en) * 2001-09-12 2004-03-16 Dorsal Networks, Inc. Systems and methods for mounting devices
GB2416604B (en) * 2003-05-01 2006-10-04 Imi Vision Ltd Valve
US7011113B2 (en) * 2004-03-04 2006-03-14 Sauer-Danfoss Inc. Hydraulic cartridge valve solenoid coil for direct mount to a printed circuit board
FR2901851B1 (en) * 2006-06-02 2010-11-19 Parker Hannifin France Holding ILOT FOR PNEUMATIC DISTIBUTEERS
DE102008033864A1 (en) 2008-07-19 2010-02-25 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Fluid channel arrangement i.e. channel piece, for supplying and guiding compressed air to electrical or electronic elements, has base body provided with connecting region that is fixed at connecting points of carrier plate
JP6918170B1 (en) 2020-03-31 2021-08-11 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 Sample support

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3836405A1 (en) * 1988-10-26 1990-05-03 Teves Gmbh Alfred Board arrangement, especially for a valve block of an anti-skid (skid-controlled) hydraulic braking system
GB2232722A (en) * 1989-04-05 1990-12-19 Festo Kg Valve unit
US5234033A (en) * 1989-04-05 1993-08-10 Festo Kg Fluid power valve unit
GB2232722B (en) * 1989-04-05 1993-11-03 Festo Kg A fluid power valve unit
GB2318392A (en) * 1996-10-17 1998-04-22 Huntleigh Technology Plc Pressure control system
GB2318392B (en) * 1996-10-17 2000-12-20 Huntleigh Technology Plc Pressure control system
US7048002B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2006-05-23 Smc Corporation Board-mounted manifold valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0239801B2 (en) 1990-09-07
ES8501896A1 (en) 1984-12-01
IT1164447B (en) 1987-04-08
US4549248A (en) 1985-10-22
IT8322989A0 (en) 1983-09-23
DE3238750C1 (en) 1988-03-03
JPS5975301A (en) 1984-04-28
FR2535080A1 (en) 1984-04-27
SG77786G (en) 1987-02-27
HK99586A (en) 1986-12-24
FR2535080B1 (en) 1987-01-16
GB2130440B (en) 1986-06-25
ES526564A0 (en) 1984-12-01
CH665723A5 (en) 1988-05-31
GB8327636D0 (en) 1983-11-16

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Effective date: 19981014