GB2124023A - Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2124023A GB2124023A GB08220710A GB8220710A GB2124023A GB 2124023 A GB2124023 A GB 2124023A GB 08220710 A GB08220710 A GB 08220710A GB 8220710 A GB8220710 A GB 8220710A GB 2124023 A GB2124023 A GB 2124023A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- getter
- lamps
- lamp
- incandescent lamps
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 hafnium nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical compound [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MELCCCHYSRGEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium diboride Chemical compound [Hf]1B=B1 MELCCCHYSRGEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CFJRGWXELQQLSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#N CFJRGWXELQQLSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;zirconium Chemical compound B#[Zr]#B VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium tungsten Chemical compound [Ti].[W] MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
- H01K3/02—Manufacture of incandescent bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
- H01K1/56—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering characterised by the material of the getter
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Abstract
The method includes the application of a getter to a tungsten filament of a lamp. The getter comprises nitrides or borides of refractory metals pertaining to Groups IV, V of the periodic table of the elements, or a mixture of said nitrides and borides. The getter is in the form of a powder with particles measuring from 4 to 20 microns and is used in an amount equal to 6-25% of the filament weight. After hermetically sealing the lamp, the filament is heat-treated to a temperature at which a getter-tungsten solid solution is formed. The proposed method is applicable to the manufacture of conventional illuminating incandescent lamps and incandescent lamps used in transportation facilities under conditions of continuously acting mechanical loads.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps
The present invention relates to the manufacture of incandescent lamps.
The method of the invention is applicable to the manufacture of conventional illuminating incandescent lamps, as well as to the manufacture of incandescent lamps preferably used in transportation facilities under conditions of continuous mechanical loads.
At present, to provide for better stability of configuration, to relieve a tungsten filament of a lamp of internal stresses and to form a mechanically strong and stable tungsten structure featuring high-strength properties, the filament is subjected to a heat treatment (cf.
L.G. Ulmishek, "Proizvodstvo elektricheskikh lamp nakalivania" /Manufacture of Incandescent Lamps/, Moscow-Leningrad, "Energia"
Publishers, 1966, pp.549-552,559-562).
There is known in the art a method of manufacturing incandescent lamps in which they are heated by short-duration electrical pulses applied thereto to improve mechanical properties of filaments. This results in a more uniform distribution of linear microdistortions in the crystal lattice of the filaments (cf. US
Patent No. 4,012,659, Cl. 313-344, 1978).
The above methods are disadvantageous in that the filament strength properties are not greatly improved as compared with the initial ones, as well as in that it is impossible to maintain unchanged the filament geometry in the course of the lamp service life. Besides, with regard to the lamps used in transportation facilities the above methods fail to ensure their resistance to mechanical loads occurring during riding over low category roads when the lamps are subjected to loads in excess of 3 9.
Also known in the art is a method of manufacturing vacuum incandescent lamps (cf. UK Patent Application No. 2.032,173) in which, to reduce evaporation of the filament, a getter coat having a thickness 31 micron is deposited on the tungsten filament installed on a mount from liquid solutions (or by way of a vapour deposition or vapour phase process). The getter used comprises one or a plurality of layers of a refractory material, which is stable at temperatures (2400"C) attained in incandescent lamps in operation.
Oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides of refractory metals (Hf, Zr, Th, Ta) and the mixtures thereof may be used as such refractory materials.
A disadvantage of the. described method resides in deterioration of the mechanical strength of tungsten with the refractory compositions such as oxides, carbides and silicides of refractory metals being applied to the filament, and in failure to provide the reliable protection of the filament material at high operating temperatures (in excess of 2400"C), especially in lamps exposed to mechanical loads in operation.
The invention is essentially aimed at providing a method of manufacturing incandescent lamps which makes it possible to improve the strength properties of filament material by way of chosing conditions of the filament treatment.
According to the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing incandescent lamps, in which a tungsten filament is installed on a mount, a getter comprising nitrides and/or borides of refractory metals pertaining to Groups IV,V of the periodic table of the elements is applied to the filament, the assembled mount is installed in an envelope and the lamp is hermetically sealed, wherein said getter is in the form of a powder with particles measuring from 4 to 20 microns (mkm), in an amount equal to 5-25% of the filament weight, and after the lamp is hermetically sealed the filament is heated to a temperature at which a getter-tungsten solid solution is formed.
To provide better conditions for diffusion of the applied nitrides of refractory metals pertaining to Groups IV,V of the periodic table of the elements, it is expedient to use said nitrides in the amount equal to 10-25% of the filament weight.
The amount of borides of refractory metals pertaining to Groups IV,V of the periodic table of the elements to be uses is preferably equal to 5-10% of the filament weight.
With a method according to the invention it is possible to double the average life of the general-purpose incandescent lamps, as well as improving stability of the light parameters during service life of the lamps at the expense of a reduced rate of lumen depreciation in the course of time.
With regard to 24-volt automobile coiled coil lamps, a method according to the invention makes it possible to increase their dynamic durability by 3-4 times, average life by 2.3 times and ability to withstand vibratory and impact loads by 3.3 times.
In a preferred embodiment a filament in the form of, for example, a tungsten coiled coil is installed on the electrodes of the mount, after which there is applied thereto a getter comprising nitrides or borides of refractory metals pertaining to Groups IV,V of the periodic table of the elements, viz., nitrides or borides of hafnium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, vanadium or a mixture of the indicated nitrides and borides. The getter may be applied to the filament by deposition in vacuum, or by an electrophoretic method, or from suspension containing a volatile organic solvent, for example a methanol.
In the latter case the getter is deposited from the suspension also comprising powders of said nitrides, borides or mixtures thereof, containing particles of 4 to 20 microns and amounting to 5-25% of the filament weight.
The selection of limits of the particle sizes depends on the least possible sizes of the getter powder particles at which no formation of lumps from the particles is observed. The maximum size of the particles depends on the interturn distance in the filament coils; with the particle size exceeding 20 microns a short circuit between two adjacent turns of the coil and its failure may occur.
The amount of the getter to be applied is limited by the minimum amount which after heat treatment can cause changes in tungsten structure, and by blackening of the lamp inner surface due to evaporation of particles from the filament surface.
After evaporation of a liquid component of the suspension the assembled mount is sealed in the envelope, the lamp is evacuated and filled with an inert gas or a mixture of inert gases. Then the filament with a getter applied thereto is heated up to a temperature at which a getter-tungsten solid solution is formed by applying voltage to the filament.
The temperatures of thermal treatment are selected depending on conditions necessary for penetration of the getter into tungsten.
The proposed method of manufacturing incandescent lamps makes it possible to prolong their life, to increase their resistance to the mechanical loads applied thereto, and to improve the reliability and stability of their light parameters in the process of operation.
The invention will be further described with reference to the following illustrative
Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
To a tungsten coiled coil filament for an automobile lamp installed on electrodes of a mount there is applied a getter comprising hafnium nitride with a particle size from 4 to 5 microns and in the amount equal to 10% of the filament weight. The getter is applied from suspension containing 75% by weight of methanol and 25% by weight of hafnium nitride.
Then the mount is sealed in the lamp envelope, the lamp is evacuated, filled with a mixture of argon and nitrogen (86% by vol ume of Ar and 14% by volume of N2), hermetically sealed and capped.
In the process of the lamp capping the filament is subjected to heat treatment by way of gradually increasing the temperature from 1 500 to 2700 K. Such conditions of heat treatment ensure the penetration of hafnium nitride into tungsten, formation of a hafnium nitride-tungsten solid solution and hardening of the filament structure.
The manufactured lamps are tested for dynamic durability in the following way.
A voltage of 28 V is applied to the lamps which contact by the surface of their envelopes a drum having four cams 1.8 mm high and rotating at a speed of 200 rev/min, and the lamps are tested for 6 hours under conditions of cyclic switching (25 min in the on position and 5 min in the off position).
The lamps manufactured in accordance with the above method withstand such tests for 1 6 hours, whereas a control group of conventional lamps, withstand such tests for 4 hours.
The tests are carried out until 5 lamps from a 20 lamp batch fail The average life of the lamps is 520 hours, whereas from control group it is only 175 hours.
EXAMPLE 2
The method is carried out as described in
Example 1. The getter used is hafnium nitride in the amount equal to 5% of the filament weight, with particles measuring from 4 to 5 microns.
The manufactured lamps are tested in the way described in Example 1. The average life of the lamps is 427 hours; the dynamic durability is 8 h 40 min.
EXAMPLE 3
The method is carried out as described in
Example 1. The getter used is hafnium nitride in the amount equal to 2596 of the filament weight
The manufactured lamps are tested in the way described in Example 1. The average life of the lamps is 482 hours; the dynamic durability is 21 h 12 min.
EXAMPLE 4
The method is carried out as described in
Example 1. Zirconium nitride amounting to 5% of the filament weight is used as a getter.
Heat treatment of the filament is performed at a temperature rising from 1400 to 2300 K.
The manufactured lamps are tested in the way described in Example 1. The average life of the lamps is 320 hours; their dynamic durability is 6 h 50 min.
EXAMPLE 5
The method is carried out as described in
Example 1. The getter used is zirconium nitride in the amount equal to 10% of the filament weight, with particles measuring from 5 to 10 microns.
The manufactured lamps are tested in the way described in Example 1.
The average life is 360 hours; the dynamic durability is 8 h 20 min.
EXAMPLE 6
The method is carried out as described in
Example 1
Zirconium nitride in the amount equal to 15% of the filament weight is used as a getter. The manufactured lamps are tested in the way described in Example 1. The average life of the lamps is 405 hours; their dynamic durability is 10 h 20 min.
EXAMPLE 7
The method is carried out as described in
Example 1.
The getter used is a mixture of zirconium nitride and hafnium nitride (ZrN 50% and HfN 50%). The temperature lamps are tested in the way described in Example 1. The average life of the lamps is 350 hours; the dynamic durability is 1 2 hours.
EXAMPLE 8
The method is carried out as described in
Example 1. The getter used is niobium nitride amounting to 7% of the filament weight.
The average life of the lamps is 330 hours; the dynamic durability is 1 3 h 10 min.
EXAMPLE 9
A tungsten coiled coil filament of a generalpurpose illuminating incandescent lamp, installed on electrodes and support wires of a mount, is coated with a getter comprising titanium diboride with particles measuring from 5 to 7 microns in the amount equal to 5% of the filament weight and deposited from a suspension containing 80% by weight of methanol and 20% by weight of titanium diboride. The further assembly of the lamps is similar to that described in Example 1.
The heat treatment of the filament is performed by increasing the filament temperature from 1 200 to 2800 K at which temperature a titanium-tungsten solid solution is formed.
The average life of the lamps is 2010 hours; whereas the average life of conventional-made lamps from the control group is
1082 hours.
EXAMPLE 10
The method is carried out as described in
Example 9. The getter used is hafnium diboride amounting to 5% of the filament weight and having particles measuring from 1 5 to 20 microns.
The average life of the lamps is 1 637 hours.
EXAMPLE 11
The method is carried out as described in
Example 9. Zirconium diboride amounting to 5% of the filament weight is used as a getter.
The temperature of the heat treatment is from
1000 to 2600 K.
The average life of the lamps is 1 560 hours.
EXAMPLE 12
The method is carried out as described in
Example 9. The getter used is a mixture containing 30% by weight of zirconium nitride and 70% by weight of hafnium diboride and applied to the filament in the amount equal to 10% of the filament weight.
The average life of said lamps is 1400 hours.
Claims (5)
1. A method of manufacturing incandescent lamps, in which a tungsten filament is installed on a mount, a getter comprising nitrides and/or borides of refractory metals pertaining to Groups IV,V of the periodic table of the elements is applied to the filament, the assembled mount is installed in an envelope and the lamp is hermetically sealed, wherein said getter is in the form of a powder with particles measuring from 4 to 20 microns (mkm), in an amount equal to 5-25% of the filament weight, and after the lamp is hermetically sealed the filament is heated to a temperature at which a getter-tungsten solid solution is formed.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the getter comprises nitrides of refractory metals pertaining to Groups IV, V of the periodic table of the elements and is in an amount equal to 10-25% of the filament weight.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the getter comprises borides of refractory metals pertaining to Groups IV,V of the periodic table of the elements and is used in an amount equal to 5-10% of the filament weight.
4. A method of manufacturing incandescent lamps as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. An incandescent lamp manufactured by the method of any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08220710A GB2124023B (en) | 1982-07-16 | 1982-07-16 | Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08220710A GB2124023B (en) | 1982-07-16 | 1982-07-16 | Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2124023A true GB2124023A (en) | 1984-02-08 |
| GB2124023B GB2124023B (en) | 1985-08-29 |
Family
ID=10531732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08220710A Expired GB2124023B (en) | 1982-07-16 | 1982-07-16 | Method of manufacturing incandescent lamps |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2124023B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202009013860U1 (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2010-11-25 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | halogen bulb |
| WO2018204943A3 (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-04-25 | Plansee Se | HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS |
-
1982
- 1982-07-16 GB GB08220710A patent/GB2124023B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202009013860U1 (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2010-11-25 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | halogen bulb |
| WO2011045219A2 (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2011-04-21 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Halogen incandescent bulb |
| WO2018204943A3 (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-04-25 | Plansee Se | HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS |
| US11486032B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2022-11-01 | Plansee Se | High-temperature component and method for producing a high-temperature component |
| DE112018002438B4 (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2024-09-19 | Plansee Se | High temperature component |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2124023B (en) | 1985-08-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19920716 |