GB2108154A - Coated heavy metal filters - Google Patents
Coated heavy metal filters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2108154A GB2108154A GB08230680A GB8230680A GB2108154A GB 2108154 A GB2108154 A GB 2108154A GB 08230680 A GB08230680 A GB 08230680A GB 8230680 A GB8230680 A GB 8230680A GB 2108154 A GB2108154 A GB 2108154A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- foil
- fact
- layer
- metal
- vestibules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MIMUSZHMZBJBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC(OC)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C21 MIMUSZHMZBJBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;hydrofluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].F LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-OUBTZVSYSA-N nickel-60 atom Chemical compound [60Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
- A47J31/44—Parts or details or accessories of beverage-making apparatus
- A47J31/4403—Constructional details
- A47J31/446—Filter holding means; Attachment of filters to beverage-making apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/012—Making filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/03—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements self-supporting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/10—Filter screens essentially made of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
- B26B19/38—Details of, or accessories for, hair clippers, or dry shavers, e.g. housings, casings, grips, guards
- B26B19/384—Dry-shaver foils; Manufacture thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/60—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/18—Filters characterised by the openings or pores
- B01D2201/184—Special form, dimension of the openings, pores of the filtering elements
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Apparatus For Making Beverages (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a filter made of a perforated metal foil coated with a thin layer of an intermetallic compound of tin and nickel.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Perforated metal foil
Some metals, when coming into contact with foods, beverages, body fluids or the like dissolve in them to a small but not negligible extent. This may be a health hazard, more particularly in the case of some heavy metals such as nickel, and so it is necessary to inhibit this phenomenon.
Accordingly, metal parts of domestic appliances have been given a coating of a metal, such as gold or platinum or rhodium, which does not enter into solution so readily and/or is not a health hazard. However, it is expensive to use metals of this kind to coat perforated metal foils.
Heavy metals of the same kind suffer from the same disadvantages when the perforated foils made of them are used as medical filters, for instance, for body fluids. Contact between the heavy metals and the skin may lead to allergies, for instance, in the case of nickel foils of dry razors. Razor foils of this kind therefore usually have a coating of platinum.
It is the object of the invention to provide a perforated metal foil of the kind outlined which is not a health hazard in contact with ordinary and luxury foods, beverages or the like, body fluids or the skin, yet has a good resistivity and is less expensive than coatings of a precious metal.
According to the invention, therefore, the foil is coated with a layer of an intermetallic compound of tin and nickel. It has been found that a coating of this kind when applied, for instance, to nickel foil coffee filters, provides a reduction of at least 100fold in the proportion of nickel which dissolves, so that the concentration of nickel in the coffee is far below the level which would be a health hazard.
To achieve the advantageous properties, the layer may be up to 25 ym thick, preferably between 0.5 and 6pm.
The layer may be formed either from a melt or alternatively from an electroplating bath by electrodeposition.
Also, the layer may have in addition a coating of a precious metal, which may be very thin, for instance in the range of between 0.05 and 0.5 ym, since the intermetallic layer of tin and nickel ensures that only an insignificant or negligible quantity of heavy metal dissolves.
A preferred use of the nickel foil according to the invention is for coffee filters, the intermetallic layer of tin and nickel having a thickness of between 1 and 3ym, and a gold coating being provided of between 0.05 and 0.5#m thickness.
The invention will be described in greater detail hereinafter with reference to diagrammatic drawings of an embodiment, in which
Figure 1 is a plan view showing part of a filter foil for a coffee filter, and
Figure 2 is a section on the line Il-Il of Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 shows part of a perforated metal foil 1 provided with perforations 2 in the form of slits having a width of between 50 and 100 ym and a length of approximately 3mm.
The foil comprises a base foil 3 of nickel completely coated by a layer 4 of a monophase intermetallic compound of tin and nickel. The nickel content of the layer is approximately 35% and the tin content 65%.
The layer may be applied to the base foil 3 in any required manner, for instance, by electodeposition from an electroplating bath. The thickness of the layer 4 is between 1 and 3 ,um. If the thickness of the layer is less than 0.5 lim, too much nickel would dissolve and/or the lifetime of the layer is limited. A thickness of the layer exceeding 6ym is unnecessary to achieve the advantageous effect and should therefore not be considered, since it would afford an unnecessarily long dwell time of the base foil in the bath.
An example of a bath composition for applying the tin/nickel layer by electroplating is as follows:
grams/litre
Tin chloride (SnCI2.2H2O) 50
Bivalent tin 25
Nickel chloride (NiC12.6H2O) 250
Nickel 60
Ammonium bifluoride (NH4F.HF) 40 (Ammonium hydrogen fluoride)
Ammonium hydroxide solution (NH335% Sp.gr. 880) 35ml/l
The bath is operated with a nickel anode, at a temperature of 70 C and a current density of approximately 2.5 A/dm2. The rate of deposition is about 1#m/minute. However, any other known baths can be used for the preparation of the layer.
It has been found that when the metal foil is used as a foil for a coffee filter, the proportion of nickel dissolving in the case of a nickel base foil, is reduced by the intermetallic layer 4 by a factor of from 100 to 135 as compared with an untreated nickel foil.
As shown by the dashed line of Fig. 2, a layer of a precious metal, for instance, a gold layer 5, may additionally be applied to the layer 4. A filter foil of this kind has the advantage that the gold layer may be relatively thin, since it need not act as a barrier layer for nickel but serves merely to ensure that the filter foil has no effect on flavour. Also, the gold layer has to some extent an additional anticorrosive effect. It is also simpler to keep a gold layer clean.
The invention is not limited to the use of nickel for the base foil and is applicable to other base metals, which otherwise would form a risk of dissolving to an excessive concentration in foods or the like or where the metal may cause difficulties if it contacts the skin or body fluids.
The base foil can be produced in various ways, for instance, by etching or stamping or by deposition from an electroplating bath.
Claims (16)
1. A perforated metal foil comprising a heavy metal base foil, as a filter for ordinary and luxury foods, beverages or body fluids and as a foil for dry razors, characterised in that the base foil is coated with a layer of an intermetallic compound of tin and nickel.
2. A foil according to claim 1, characterised in that the layer has a thickness of up to 25cm.
3. A foil according to claim 1, characterised in that the layer has a thickness of between 0.5 and 6ym.
4. A foil according to claim 1, characterised in that the layer is applied from a melt.
5. A foil according to claim 1, characterised in that the layer is deposited from an electroplating bath.
6. A foil according to claim 1, characterised in that the intermetallic layer is coated with a precious metal.
7. A foil according to claim 6, characterised in that the precious metal coating has a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.5cm.
8. A perforated metal foil substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
to achieve the gas flow separation.
8. A device according to claim 6 or 7 characterized by the fact that the aforesaid vestibules are provided with flaps between which the material to be treated is conveyed.
9. A device according to claim 6 or 7 characterized by the fact that the aforesaid vestibules are provided with rollers between which the material to be treated is conveyed.
10. A device according to claim 6 or 7 characterized by the fact that the aforesaid vestibules are provided with flaps and rollers between which the material to be treated is conveyed.
11. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 10 characterized by the fact that the means of exhausting and treating gases containing coating metal vapors include: an insulated discharge pipe (26); two or more parallel mounted liquid cooled exchangers (28-30) for metal vapor condensation; a protective gas exhaust pipe (32) provided with a pressure control valve (34); a burning system for these gases.
12. A device according to claim 11 characterized by the fact that each exchanger (28-30) is provided with a downstream shut-off valve (40-40') and an upstream shut-off valve (38-38') which allow the removal and the cleaning of the tubes on which the condensation occurs.
13. A device according to claim 11 characterized by the fact that the control valve (34) flowrate is so adjusted and regulated as to maintain a positive pressure above the bath surface.
14. A device according to any one of claims 11 to 13 characterized by the fact that the exhausted protective gases are burnt at the outlet by means of a torch (36).
15. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 14 characterized by the fact that each vestibule (20-22) is provided with means ensuring a quick opening.
16. A device according to any of claims 6 to 15 characterized by the fact that locking systems are provided on the vestibules in order to reduce the flowrates upon plant stoppage.
Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office by Burgess s Son (Abingdon) Ltd.-1 983.
Published at The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London. WC2A 1AY, from which copies may be obtained.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3142747A DE3142747C2 (en) | 1981-10-28 | 1981-10-28 | Perforated metal foil made of a heavy metal coated with a metal layer as a filter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2108154A true GB2108154A (en) | 1983-05-11 |
Family
ID=6145037
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08230680A Withdrawn GB2108154A (en) | 1981-10-28 | 1982-10-27 | Coated heavy metal filters |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5881993A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3142747C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2515060A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2108154A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4834876A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-05-30 | Walker Nicholas G | Filtration assembly having integral heating means for maintaining the metallic material being filtered in the molten state |
| US5324301A (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1994-06-28 | Smith & Nephew Dyonics, Inc. | Surgical cutting instrument with tin-nickle alloy coating as an elongate bearing surface |
| US5453173A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1995-09-26 | Ktx Co., Ltd. | Process for manufacturing a three-dimensional electroformed mold shell |
| GB2354459A (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-03-28 | Viostyle Ltd | Making filter element by electrodeposition of nickel |
| WO2008036024A1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-27 | Portatech Hb | Portafilter for espresso machine |
| WO2015194952A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-23 | Stork Veco B.V. | Coated shaving foil |
| WO2017099586A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | Veco B.V. | Filter for brewing beverages |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3441970C1 (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-02-13 | Maxs Ag, Sachseln | Metal filter foil |
| DE3800967A1 (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1989-07-27 | Moser Gmbh Kuno | Electric shaver with coated cutting foil and method for applying a cutting-foil coating |
| DE8904527U1 (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1989-11-30 | B. Braun Melsungen Ag, 3508 Melsungen | Port for drug injection |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB634217A (en) * | 1947-05-08 | 1950-03-15 | John Kilner Wells | Improvements in and relating to sieves, perforate screens, or filter plates |
| DE1080372B (en) * | 1956-08-29 | 1960-04-21 | Johanna Muck Geb Roth | Process for the galvanic production of shaving foils for dry razors |
| DE1553740C3 (en) * | 1967-09-25 | 1975-10-23 | The Gillette Co., Boston, Mass. (V.St.A.) | Perforated cutting foil for dry razors |
| DE1983538U (en) * | 1968-02-16 | 1968-04-18 | Knut Goesta Larsson | SIEVE FOR STRENGTH PENSIONS. |
| US3573008A (en) * | 1968-05-02 | 1971-03-30 | Hudson Wire Co | Composite metal article of copper material with a coat of nickel and tin |
| FR1582091A (en) * | 1968-05-30 | 1969-09-26 | ||
| BE757810A (en) * | 1969-10-24 | 1971-04-21 | Kalle Ag | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A POROUS FLAT LAMINATE MATERIAL |
| FR2088188B1 (en) * | 1970-05-26 | 1974-08-09 | Honeywell Bull Soc Ind | |
| DE2153901C3 (en) * | 1971-10-28 | 1979-12-20 | Elfo Ag Sachseln, Sachseln (Schweiz) | Screen moldings |
| US3884116A (en) * | 1971-12-15 | 1975-05-20 | Midwest Chrome Process Company | Screw threaded fastening means and like products |
| US3871836A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1975-03-18 | Allied Chem | Cutting blades made of or coated with an amorphous metal |
| CH608975A5 (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1979-02-15 | Bopp & Co Ag G | Metal filter cloth, in particular for precoated filters |
| FR2421676A1 (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-11-02 | Balco Filtertechnik Gmbh | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING CONICAL PERFORATED METAL BODIES FOR CENTRIFUGES AND PERFORATED BODIES OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS |
| DE7837658U1 (en) * | 1978-12-20 | 1979-04-12 | Richard Steding & Co, 5880 Luedenscheid | Filters for brewing beverages |
| DE8004003U1 (en) * | 1980-02-15 | 1980-05-29 | Steding, Richard, 5880 Luedenscheid | DEVICE FOR SEPARATING SOLID PARTICLES AND LIQUID |
-
1981
- 1981-10-28 DE DE3142747A patent/DE3142747C2/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-10-15 FR FR8217260A patent/FR2515060A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-10-27 JP JP57188893A patent/JPS5881993A/en active Pending
- 1982-10-27 GB GB08230680A patent/GB2108154A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4834876A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-05-30 | Walker Nicholas G | Filtration assembly having integral heating means for maintaining the metallic material being filtered in the molten state |
| US5324301A (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1994-06-28 | Smith & Nephew Dyonics, Inc. | Surgical cutting instrument with tin-nickle alloy coating as an elongate bearing surface |
| EP0590887A3 (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1994-10-19 | Smith & Nephew Dyonics | Surgical cutting instrument. |
| US5453173A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1995-09-26 | Ktx Co., Ltd. | Process for manufacturing a three-dimensional electroformed mold shell |
| GB2354459A (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-03-28 | Viostyle Ltd | Making filter element by electrodeposition of nickel |
| GB2354459B (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-11-28 | Viostyle Ltd | Filtering element for treating liquids, dusts and exhaust gases of internal combustion engines |
| US6794056B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 | 2004-09-21 | Nord Impianti S.R.L. | Laminar structure |
| WO2008036024A1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-27 | Portatech Hb | Portafilter for espresso machine |
| WO2015194952A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-23 | Stork Veco B.V. | Coated shaving foil |
| NL2013035B1 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-07-06 | Veco B V | Coated shaving foil. |
| WO2017099586A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | Veco B.V. | Filter for brewing beverages |
| NL2015934A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-22 | Veco B V | Filter for brewing beverages. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5881993A (en) | 1983-05-17 |
| DE3142747A1 (en) | 1983-05-11 |
| FR2515060A1 (en) | 1983-04-29 |
| DE3142747C2 (en) | 1985-06-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |