GB2179068A - Fire resistant fabric - Google Patents
Fire resistant fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2179068A GB2179068A GB08520165A GB8520165A GB2179068A GB 2179068 A GB2179068 A GB 2179068A GB 08520165 A GB08520165 A GB 08520165A GB 8520165 A GB8520165 A GB 8520165A GB 2179068 A GB2179068 A GB 2179068A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- fire resistant
- layer
- fibres
- fire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002821 Modacrylic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000009123 Fibrin Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010073385 Fibrin Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007706 flame test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
- B64D11/06—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats
- B64D11/0647—Seats characterised by special upholstery or cushioning features
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The fabric comprises a multi-layer woven fabric including a face layer and a further layer, in which the face layer serves to incorporate any required colour and/or design to be presented by the fabric, and the further layer includes yarns made of fire resistant material so as to form an integral fire barrier layer in the multi-layer fabric. The fabric may be double plain woven or have more than two layers. The fire resistant yarns may contain fire resistant fibres of one type or of a blend of more than one type of fibre not all of which are necessarily fire resistant. Suitable fibres are viscose, carbon, polyamides or imides, PVC, modacrylic and glass. The fabric is particularly suitable for making aircraft seat covers, meeting the appropriate fire resistance regulations and weighing less than existing double layer seating.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Fire resistant fabric
This invention relates to a fire resistant fabric and is particularly, though not exclusively, concerned with such a fabric for use as a seat cover in any environment in which it is essential to minimise the risk of the spread of fire.
Plastics foam materials are widely used in the construction of seats, to give necessary resilience, but these materials are dangerous from two aspects of fire hazard. First of all, the application of a flame to the material involves the giving-off of toxic fumes which can incapacitate any person inhaling these fumes in advance of a subsequent and more serious flame hazard. Secondly, these materials are also flammable, with self-evident problems.
Seats incorporating plastics foam are used in the home, and also in environments used by the general public, and notably in enclosed spaces such as aircraft, where the spread of fire can rapidly have catastrophic results. In order to make aircraft seats fire retardant, it has been the practice to upholster seat foam cushioning with two separate layers of fabric, namely an outer wool fabric layer which bears or incorporates any required pattern or design, and a separate fire barrier layer which is located between the outer layer and the cushioning. While the outer decorative (and wearing) layer will be at least partly flammable, the purpose of the separate intermediate fire barrier fabric is to prevent the spread of fire, and particularly to the underlying plastics foam cushioning.
The Federal Aviation Authority in the United
States of America has introduced regulations concerning requirements for aircraft seats in planes landing in the United States, in which the seats have to be capable of withstanding certain tests using a kerosene burner flame.
To date, this regulation has been met by airlines which land in the United States by providing the two layer fabrics referred to above.
However, the use of two layers effectively doubles the weight of seating fabric, with an inevitable high penalty in terms of extra fuel consumption for airlines.
The invention has therefore been developed primarily in relation to the provision of a fire resistant fabric for aircraft seats, which has satisfactory fire resistance properties and yet with a lower weight than has previously been possible. While the fabric of the invention is particularly suitable for aircraft use, it will be evident that the fabric will have general use, and especially in environments in which fire prevention or fire retardation is important.
According to the invention there is provided a fire resistant fabric which comprises a multilayer woven fabric including a face layer and a further layer, in which the face layer serves to incorporate any required colour and/or design to be presented by the fabric, and the further layer includes yarns made of fire resistant material so as to form an integral fire barrier layer in the multi-layer woven fabric.
One preferred form of multi-layer woven fabric according to the invention comprises a double plain woven fabric, in which said further layer forms the back layer of the fabric.
However, it should be understood that the invention includes woven fabrics having more than two layers, in which at least one of the layers is constituted as said further layer which includes yarns made of fire resistant material so as to form an integral fire barrier layer in the multi-layer woven fabric.
The fire resistant yarns which are used to make up at least part of the back layer may contain fire resistant fibres, such as flame retardant viscose, carbon fibre, aromatic polyamides and imides such as Kevlar and Nomex (registered trade marks of Dupont), PVC fibres, modacrylic and glass fibres. The yarn may be constituted by 100% of any one of these fibres, or it could be made up of a blend of one, two or more of these fibres in varying amounts. The proportions of the fibres will depend upon the degree of flame resistance required, together with other properties such as tensile stength and abrasion resistance.
A double plain woven fabric according to the invention can be constructed so as to meet airline flame tests, and the yarn forming the integral fire barrier layer in the back layer is selected such that, when the double plain woven fabric is subjected to conditions of heat and flame from application temperatures of between 400"C and 2000"C, the yarn should form a char and carbonise in such a way as to produce a cohesive layer or carbon.
This layer must be formed in such a way as to resist further flame penetration, and hold-up against the turbulence of the flame, as well as giving minimum porosity to combustion gases or molten plastics material to any underlying material, e.g. plastics foam cushioning, that the fire resistant fabric of the invention is intended to protect.
Most fire resistant materials currently available and suitable for use in aircraft are severely restricted in colour, namely black, yellow or green. This restricts the design potential in existing constructions of flat fabric made of these materials, which might be used in order to avoid the weight penalty of the existing constructions of double layer seating fabric. By constrast, the fire resistant fabric of the invention, which comprises the double plain woven fabric, enables weight savings to be achieved, while allowing the face of the fabric to incorporate any desired design or pattern, and the back face incorporates necessary fire resistant properties for the fabric, and therefore the fire resistant materials selected will impose no restrictions on the fabric de sign.
The existing double layer seating fabric for aircraft use has an outer seat cover which weighs about 450 grams per square metre, whereas the separate fire blocking layer or "barrier cloth" weights about 300-350 grams per square metre. A double plain woven fabric according to the invention avoids the necessity for the separate fire blocking layer, with consequent saving of this weight.
Example
A double plain Jacquard fabric has been woven using 80 ends/inch and 40 picks/inch from yarns of 2/24 worsted count. The face of the fabric was made predominantly of wool, and the back was made from a yarn containing 50% by weight of carbon fibre.
A similar control fabric was made, but using 100% woollen yarn in both the warp and weft in both parts of the cloth.
Both fabrics were given a flame resist treatment by the Zirpro system (Trade Mark of
International Wool Secretariat).
Each fabric was then subjected to a flame from a butane blow lamp for 2 minutes. The 100% wool fabric split and distintegrated within about 10 seconds. The double plain woven fabric, incorporating carbon fibre in the back face, charred and remained intact for the entire 2 minute period, and still prevented flame penetration even after this time.
Claims (12)
1. A fire resistant fabric comprising a multi-layer woven fabric including a face layer and a further layer, in which the face layer serves to incorporate any required colour and/or design to be presented by the fabric, and the further layer includes yarns made of fire resistant material so as to form an integral fire barrier layer in the multi-layer fabric.
2. A fire resistant fabric as claimed in claim 1, in which the fabric is a double plain woven fabric, and in which the said further layer forms the back layer of the fabric.
3. A fire resistant fabric as claimed in claim 1, in which the fabric has more than two layers, at least one of the layers being constituted as the said further layer which includes yarns made of fire resistant material so as to form an integral fire barrier layer in the multi-layer woven fabric.
4. A fire resistant fabric as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the fire resistant yarns which are used to make up at least part of the back layer contain fire resistant fibres.
5. A fire resistant fabric as claimed in claim 4, in which the fire resistant fibres are flame retardant viscose fibres, carbon fibres, fibres of aromatic polyamides or imides such as Kevlar and Nomex (registered trade marks of Dupont), PVC fibres, modacrylic fibres or glass fibrins.
6. A fire resistant fabric as claimed in claim 5, in which the yarn is constituted by 100% of any one of those fibres; or by a blend of two or more of those fibres; or by any one of those fibres blended with fibres of another type or other types.
7. A fire resistant fabric as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the yarn forming the integral fire barrier layer in the back layer is selected such that, when the fabric is subjected to conditions of heat and flame from application temperatures of between 400"C and 2000"C, the yarn forms a char and carbonises in such a way as to produce a cohesive layer of carbon.
8. A fire resistant fabric as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the face of the fabric incorporates a design or pattern.
9. A fire resistant fabric as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the fabric weighs about 300-350 grams per square metre.
10. A fire resistant double plain Jacquard fabric substantially as specifically described herein.
11. A seat cover made of fire resistant fabric in accordance with any one of the preceding claims.
12. An aircraft seat having a seat cover as claimed in claim 11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08520165A GB2179068A (en) | 1985-08-12 | 1985-08-12 | Fire resistant fabric |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08520165A GB2179068A (en) | 1985-08-12 | 1985-08-12 | Fire resistant fabric |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8520165D0 GB8520165D0 (en) | 1985-09-18 |
| GB2179068A true GB2179068A (en) | 1987-02-25 |
Family
ID=10583654
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08520165A Withdrawn GB2179068A (en) | 1985-08-12 | 1985-08-12 | Fire resistant fabric |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2179068A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0307290A1 (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-03-15 | Hutchinson | Method of producing a bolster element integral with a fire-resistant layer |
| FR2620343A1 (en) * | 1987-09-14 | 1989-03-17 | Hutchinson | Articles of comfort equipped with an antifire barrier |
| EP0509186A1 (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-10-21 | Imatex S.P.A. | Multiple warp and weft yarn jacquard-type fabric for furnishings |
| GB2326651A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 1998-12-30 | N T T New Textile Trend Ltd | Fireproof jacquard textile |
| WO1999050491A3 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-12-02 | Boco Gmbh & Co | Woven fabric for work clothing parts |
| ES2147051A1 (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 2000-08-16 | Botella Pascual Samuel | Fire resistant decorative fabric with a double weave consists of a flame retardant weave on a heat resistant backing |
| RU2181805C1 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2002-04-27 | Смирнова Елена Леонидовна | Fabric for backing of fire-proof clothing upper layer |
| WO2011114108A3 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-11-10 | Toray Textiles Europe Limited | Fire resistant fabric for high visibility protection garments |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB500262A (en) * | 1937-08-05 | 1939-02-06 | Thomas Hindle | Improvements in dryer felts used on paper making machines |
| GB512704A (en) * | 1938-03-19 | 1939-09-22 | R R Whitehead & Bros Ltd | Improvements in or relating to multiple ply woven fabrics |
| GB787177A (en) * | 1954-04-10 | 1957-12-04 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of belting |
| GB1379753A (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1975-01-08 | Iws Nominee Co Ltd | Flame resistant fabric |
| GB1586766A (en) * | 1976-09-02 | 1981-03-25 | Iws Nominee Co Ltd | Protective fabrics |
-
1985
- 1985-08-12 GB GB08520165A patent/GB2179068A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB500262A (en) * | 1937-08-05 | 1939-02-06 | Thomas Hindle | Improvements in dryer felts used on paper making machines |
| GB512704A (en) * | 1938-03-19 | 1939-09-22 | R R Whitehead & Bros Ltd | Improvements in or relating to multiple ply woven fabrics |
| GB787177A (en) * | 1954-04-10 | 1957-12-04 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of belting |
| GB1379753A (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1975-01-08 | Iws Nominee Co Ltd | Flame resistant fabric |
| GB1586766A (en) * | 1976-09-02 | 1981-03-25 | Iws Nominee Co Ltd | Protective fabrics |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0307290A1 (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-03-15 | Hutchinson | Method of producing a bolster element integral with a fire-resistant layer |
| FR2620343A1 (en) * | 1987-09-14 | 1989-03-17 | Hutchinson | Articles of comfort equipped with an antifire barrier |
| EP0509186A1 (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-10-21 | Imatex S.P.A. | Multiple warp and weft yarn jacquard-type fabric for furnishings |
| ES2147051A1 (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 2000-08-16 | Botella Pascual Samuel | Fire resistant decorative fabric with a double weave consists of a flame retardant weave on a heat resistant backing |
| GB2326651A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 1998-12-30 | N T T New Textile Trend Ltd | Fireproof jacquard textile |
| GB2326651B (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 2001-05-09 | N T T New Textile Trend Ltd | Flameproof jacquard textile screening material |
| WO1999050491A3 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-12-02 | Boco Gmbh & Co | Woven fabric for work clothing parts |
| US6296023B1 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 2001-10-02 | Manfred Gehrhardt | Woven fabric for work clothing parts |
| RU2181805C1 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2002-04-27 | Смирнова Елена Леонидовна | Fabric for backing of fire-proof clothing upper layer |
| WO2011114108A3 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-11-10 | Toray Textiles Europe Limited | Fire resistant fabric for high visibility protection garments |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8520165D0 (en) | 1985-09-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |