GB2166430A - Settable compositions - Google Patents
Settable compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2166430A GB2166430A GB08526751A GB8526751A GB2166430A GB 2166430 A GB2166430 A GB 2166430A GB 08526751 A GB08526751 A GB 08526751A GB 8526751 A GB8526751 A GB 8526751A GB 2166430 A GB2166430 A GB 2166430A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- slurry
- sulphoaluminous
- water
- calcium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/32—Aluminous cements
- C04B7/323—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
- C04B28/065—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/145—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form
- C04B28/147—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form beta-hemihydrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0641—Mechanical separation of ingredients, e.g. accelerator in breakable microcapsules
- C04B40/065—Two or more component mortars
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0004—Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
- C04B2103/0006—Alkali metal or inorganic ammonium compounds
- C04B2103/0008—Li
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
A settable composition is formed by a mixture of a first slurry comprising a sulphoaluminous composition containing 4CaO.3Al2O3.SO3 and water, and a second slurry comprising beta-anhydrite as a source of calcium sulphate, calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide and water. The mixture sets to form a hardened mass containing ettringite, but the first slurry has a very long pumping life. A single pack composition is also disclosed.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Settable compositions
This invention relates to settable compositions components of which when mixed with water form pumpable slurries which when mixed together set into hardened masses containing ettringite.
In particular, although not exclusively, the present invention is suitable for cement-type settable compositions being formed by mixing a first component and water to form a first slurry, mixing together natural or synthetic anhydrite, calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide and water to form a second slurry, pumping the two slurries to the cavity site, mixing the two slurries and allowing the mixture to set in the cavity to form a hardened mass. This procedure is called "pump packing" and a variety of materials have been developed for use in it. Other uses and methods of use will be described hereinafter.
It is known to form a cement slurry using a high alumina cement as defined by British Standard 915
Part 2. One requirement of such a high alumina cement is that the setting time of the cement when tested by methods described in the British Standard shall be as follows:
initial setting time not less than two hours and no more than six hours
with a final setting time not more than two hours after the initial set.
Unfortunately, this maximum initial setting time requirement tends to cause problems when filling cavities in underground mines where rigorous control and supervision of the mixing and pumping procedures are difficult. The relatively short defined initial setting time requires that the cement slurry mixing and pumping system has to be flushed clean after every cavity filling operation. Otherwise, the cement slurry mixing and pumping system tends to become blocked with set material. Such an occurrence may require parts of or a complete mixing and pumping system to be renewed or mechanically cleaned out.
As will be appreciated, this can be a time consuming and expensive task particularly if production of the mine district is halted. Despite this, high alumina cement has advantages in the underground mine environment compared with ordinary Portland cement because it is much less aggressive to the skin, and therefore handling is facilitated. An object of the present invention is to provide a composition having the advantages associated with high alumina cement but tending to overcome the above-mentioned problems associated with relatively short initial setting times.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a settable composition formed by a mixture of a first slurry comprising a sulphoaluminous composition containing 4CaO.3A12O3.SO3 and water, and a second slurry comprising beta-anhydrite as a source of calcium sulphate, calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, and water, the mixture setting to form a hardened mass containing ettringite.
The present invention also provides a settable composition, comprising a sulphoaluminous composition containing 4CaO.AI,O,.SO,, beta-anhydrite as a source of calcium sulphate and calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, in admixture with water. The invention further provides two-part or single-part dry mixes for settable compositions of the invention, which may be admixed with water.
Advantageously, where long setting times are required, particularly with a 2-pack system, the sulphoaluminous composition contains restricted amounts of the phase 12CaO.7A12O3. In addition, in order to maximise the quantity of the sulphoaluminous phase the composition contains no significant amount of ferrite phase.
Desirably, there is no or an insignificant quantity of free lime. Free lime tends to cause premature setting of the sulphoaluminous composition, as do the aforementioned phases.
A constituent of the sulphoaluminous composition is 4CaO.3AI203.SO3 which alternatively may be denoted at 3CaO.3AI203.CaSO4 and which is also known as Klein's compound. The first slurry containing the sulphoaluminous composition has the advantage over high alumina cements as defined by British Standard 915 Part 2 in that its initial setting time is relatively long, for example, nineteen to twenty-four hours or longer. Thus, in operation when stowing cavities in underground mines it tends not to be necessary to flush clear the slurry mixing and pumping system after each stowing operation. The first slurry can be left in the system for over a working shift without fear of blockage due to setting. This not only results in time and material saving but also improves the working environment because of the reduction in waste water.The sulphoaluminous composition reacts only slowly with water. A typical 24-hour strength is 0.5
NMm-2, whereas the British Standard High Alumina Cement minimum 24-hour strength is 40 MNm-2. A sulphoaluminous composition of this type would by itself not generally find acceptability in building or construction work as a cement.
A typical sulphoaluminous composition may be produced by sintering appropriate raw materials in a rotary kiln to produce a clinker which comprises 50% 4CaO.3AI203,SO3, 15% CaO.A12O3, 20% 2CaO.A12O3.SiO2 and small proportions of either CaO.2A12O3 or 12CaO.7A12O3 together with CaO.TiO2 and a ferrite phase of the approximate composition 4CaO.A12O3.Fe2O3. At least some of the CaO.A12O3 phase may be replaced by 4CaO.3AI2O.SO3 and vice versa. Preferably the composition contains at least 25% and more preferably at least 45% of 4CaO.3A12O3.SO3 by weight.The sulphoaluminous composition according to the present invention can be manufactured either by sintering or melting the raw materials in any suitable furnace such as a Portland Cement clinker rotary kiln or a reverberatory hearth furnace.
Preferably, the reaction conditions in the burning process are such that the free lime content is minimised and the calcium sulphate is predominantly combined to form a sulphoaluminate phase. The compo sition is desirably ground after manufacture to a small particle size, desirably less than 45 microns. It is particularly preferred to grind to a particle size distribution in which less than 2% by weight is retained on a 45 micron sieve. To achieve this it may be necessary to use a grinding air such as guar gum, propylene glycol or triethanol amine or other agent known in the art can also be used.
The sulphoaluminous composition may contain a retarder to increase the pumping life of the first slurry; such retarders are known and citric acid is particularly cost-effective. Suspension aids, for example cellulose ethers, may also be included to discourage the formation of a firm sediment in the slurry.
Conveniently, the second slurry contains bentonite, which is effective to maintain solids in suspension in the second slurry and in the settable composition.
Preferably, the source of the calcium sulphate is at least 50% by weight of a natural or synthetic betaanhydrite, although a proportion may be calcium sulphate as dihydrate or hemihydrate. The beta-anhydrite is desirably ground to a particle size less than 250 microns. It has been found that coarser particles delay strength development and an excess of particles less than two microns delays setting.
The second slurry may contain setting and/or hardening accelerators for the settable composition; alkali metal salts, e.g. carbonates, e.g. lithium salts and especially lithium carbonate, are included. It has been found that small amounts of an alkali metal sulphate promote the formation of ettringite.
By way of example, the present invention will be described with ference to the accompanying flow circuit diagram illustrating the use of settable compositions according to the present invention for stowing cavities in underground mines.
In the cavity stowing procedure, suiphoaluminous composition and water are mixed into a slurry in mixer/pump means 1 and pumped along a first pipeline 2 towards a discharge outlet 3 adjacent to a cavity site 4 in an underground mine. The cavity site may be enclosed with shuttering or may be a large bag positioned in an appropriate position. Other materials including calcium sulphate in the form of betaanhydrite, calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, bentonite and water are mixed into a second slurry in further mixer/pump means 5 and pumped along a second pipeline 6 which is connected to the first pipeline 2 by a "Y" adaptor 7 located in the vicinity of the cavity site. In use, when the two mixer/pump means are operating simultaneously, the two slurries are splash-mixed adjacent to the discharge outlet 3 upon entering the cavity.The resulting mixture hydrates and sets to a hardened mass filling or partly filling the cavity, the hardened mass containing ettringite.
In addition to the settable composition formed by mixing the first and second slurries, the invention encompasses settable compositions formed by mixing the essential dry components, conveniently supplied in a single part, with water. Such compositions are rapid setting and their hardening and strength development and characteristics may be adjusted according to the user's requirements by alteration of the quantity of water and optionally by the addition of other components, such as a proportion of Portland Cement, ground water-cooled blast furnace slag, pulverised fuel ash or other latent hydraulic or pozzolanic material, ground limestone or inert components such as may be used in conventional mortars and concretes.
A single part/water settable composition is suggested for the construction of packings or stoppings in underground mines. Such compositions may additionally be foamed according to the invention described in our co-pending UK Published Patent Application, No. 2,139,517A. The compositions according to the invention are, when set and dry, of relatively low density compared to conventional cementitious mixes, and this facilitates the use of the compositions, either foamed or not, in the production of lightweight products, insulating products and general building products and materials.
For use in pump packing in underground mines, the first and second slurry suitably contain water in an amount of at least 200% by weight of the solids; typical water contents are 250 to 300% by weight. For use in more conventional building products and materials and for grouts in mining, the water content may be 100 to 150% by weight.
The present invention will be further described with reference to three samples of settable compositions according to the present invention.
Example 1
The sulphoaluminous composition in this example comprised 45.6% 4CaO.3AI203.SO3, 16.8% CaO.A12O3, 19.6% 2CaO.A12O3.SiO2, 7.65% CaO.2Al2Oa, 4.3% CaO.TiO2 and 3.4% 4CaO.AI2O3.Fe2O. The remainder to 100% is made up of minor constituents of insignificant amounts. there was no 12CaO.7AI2O3 detected by
X-ray diffraction. The composition was ground to a specific surface area of 445m2/kg.
In operation in an underground mine the sulphoaluminous composition is mixed with 2.5 times its weight of water to form a first slurry. The pumping life of the first slurry and the strength of the mixed settable composition are indicated in Table 1. As indicated, the slurry has a pumping life of 30 hours before any initial setting occurs.
The first sulphoaluminous slurry is mixed with a second slurry containing a mixture comprising 2.5% potassium sulphate, 0.3% lithium carbonate, 10% bentonite, 15% hydrated lime, and 72.2% of finely ground beta-anhydrite, by weight. The mixture is formed into a second slurry with 2.5 times its weight of water.
TABLE 1
PUMPING STRENGTH OF HARDENED MIXED
LIFE OF SETTABLE COMPOSITION MN/m2
EXAMPLE FIRST SLURRY
(HOURS)
AFTER 2 Hours AFTER 24 HOURS
1 30 2.44 4.00
2 18 0.32 2.50
3 22 0.98 3.34
Example 2
The sulphoaluminous composition comprises 50.2% 4CaO.3AI203.SO3,18.3% 2CaO.Al 2O3.SiO, 4.1%
CaO.SO3, 4.1% CaO.TiO2, 3.4% 4CaO.A12O3.Fe2O3 and 17.6% CaO.2AI2O3. The remainder to 100% is made up of minor constituents of insignificant amounts. No CaO.AI203 or 12CaO.7A12O3 were found by X-ray diffraction. The composition was ground to a specific surface area of 440mCkg.
The second slurry was a stated with the first example. The pumping life and strength results are given in Table 1.
Example 3
The sulphoaluminous composition was a mixture comprising equal parts of sulphoaluminous compositions of Examples 1 and 2 above.
The second slurry was as stated in Example 1.
Table 1 illustrates that all three examples give improved pumping life and satisfactory strength development.
The values stated in Table 1 can be compared with those of a high alumina cement to British Standard 915 Part 2, containing the phases CaO.AI2O3, 12CaO.7AI203, 2CaO.SiO2, pleochroite and the ferrite phases, made up in a slurry with 2.5 times its weight of water, the values for such a composition being five hours pumping life and nil for both the strength values when mixed with the aforementioned second slurry.
Claims (18)
1. A settable composition formed by a mixture of a first slurry comprising a sulphoaluminous composition containing 4CaO.3A12O3.SO3 and water and a second slurry comprising beta-anhydrite as a source of calcium sulphate, calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, and water, the mixture setting to form a hardened mass containing ettringite.
2. A settable composition comprising a sulphoaluminous composition containing 4CaO.3A12O3.SO3, beta-anhydrite as a source of calcium sulphate and calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, in admixture with water.
3. A settable composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the sulphoaluminous composition contains as a major constituent 4CaO.3AI2O3.SO3.
4. A composition as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 3, in which the sulphoaluminous composition does not contain any significant amount of the phases 12CaO.7A12O3 or CaO.2A12O3.
5. A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the sulphoaluminous composition does not contain any significant amount of a ferrite phase.
6. A composition as claimed in claim 1, or any claim dependent thereon, in which the second slurry contains bentonite.
7. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which beta-anhydrite forms at least 50% by weight of the source of calcium sulphate.
8. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which part of the source of calcium sulphate is in the form of gypsum.
9. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which part of the source of calcium sulphate is in the form of hemihydrate gypsum.
10. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or any claim dependent thereon, in which the second slurry contains an alkali metal sulphate.
11. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or any claim dependent thereon, in which the second slurry contains an accelerating agent.
12. A composition according to claim 2 or any claim dependent thereon, additionally comprising one or more of bentonite, an alkali metal sulphate and an accelerating agent.
13. A composition as claimed in claim 11 or 12, in which the accelerating agent is a salt of lithium.
14. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or any claim dependent thereon, in which the sulphoaluminous composition contains a retarder to increase the pumping life of the first slurry.
15. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or any claim dependent thereon, in which the sulphoalumi nous composition contains a suspension aid.
16. A settable composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, substantially as described herein.
17. A two-part or single-part dry mixture for forming a settable composition according to any one of the preceding claims upon mixing with water.
18. A method of forming a hardened cementitious mass comprising admixing components comprising a sulphoaluminous composition containing 4CaO.3AI203,SO3 natural or synthetic beta-anhydrite as a source of calcium sulphate, calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide and water, and allowing the mixture to form a mass containing ettringite.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08526751A GB2166430B (en) | 1984-10-30 | 1985-10-30 | Settable compositions |
| MYPI87001640A MY102007A (en) | 1984-10-30 | 1987-09-11 | Settable cementitious compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB848427456A GB8427456D0 (en) | 1984-10-30 | 1984-10-30 | Cement compositions |
| GB08526751A GB2166430B (en) | 1984-10-30 | 1985-10-30 | Settable compositions |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8526751D0 GB8526751D0 (en) | 1985-12-04 |
| GB2166430A true GB2166430A (en) | 1986-05-08 |
| GB2166430B GB2166430B (en) | 1988-01-13 |
Family
ID=26288391
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08526751A Expired GB2166430B (en) | 1984-10-30 | 1985-10-30 | Settable compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2166430B (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2175295A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-11-26 | Blue Circle Ind Plc | Mineral clinker for use in settable cementitious compositions |
| US4875937A (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-10-24 | Fosroc International Limited | Cementitious composition |
| US5741357A (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1998-04-21 | Sheikh; Shamim A. | Hydrated high alumina cement |
| US9321681B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2016-04-26 | United States Gypsum Company | Dimensionally stable geopolymer compositions and method |
| US9624131B1 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2017-04-18 | United States Gypsum Company | Freeze-thaw durable geopolymer compositions and methods for making same |
| WO2017067953A1 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-27 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Two-component mortar system based on aluminous cement and use thereof |
| WO2017067951A1 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-27 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Use of a calcium sulfate comprising 2-k mortar system based on aluminous cement in anchoring applications to increase load values and reduce shrinkage |
| US9656916B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2017-05-23 | United States Gypsum Company | Dimensionally stable geopolymer composition and method |
| US11267765B2 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2022-03-08 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Use of amorphous calcium carbonate in a fire-resistant inorganic mortar system based on aluminous cement to increase load values at elevated temperatures |
| IT202200002309A1 (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-08-09 | Buzzi S P A | Production process of a cementitious material |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1403775A (en) * | 1971-08-12 | 1975-08-28 | Chem Prestressed Concrete | Expansive clinker for portland cement |
| GB2123808A (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1984-02-08 | Foseco Int | Cement compositions |
-
1985
- 1985-10-30 GB GB08526751A patent/GB2166430B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1403775A (en) * | 1971-08-12 | 1975-08-28 | Chem Prestressed Concrete | Expansive clinker for portland cement |
| GB2123808A (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1984-02-08 | Foseco Int | Cement compositions |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| F. M. LEA, }THE CHEMISTRY OF CEMENT AND CONCRETE} (3RD. EDN., 1970) PAGES 223-229 ESPECIALLY PAGE 224, LINES 1-3. * |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2175295A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-11-26 | Blue Circle Ind Plc | Mineral clinker for use in settable cementitious compositions |
| US4875937A (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-10-24 | Fosroc International Limited | Cementitious composition |
| US5741357A (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1998-04-21 | Sheikh; Shamim A. | Hydrated high alumina cement |
| US10221096B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2019-03-05 | United States Gypsum Company | Dimensionally stable geopolymer composition and method |
| US9321681B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2016-04-26 | United States Gypsum Company | Dimensionally stable geopolymer compositions and method |
| US10597327B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2020-03-24 | United States Gypsum Company | Dimensionally stable geopolymer composition and method |
| US10392307B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2019-08-27 | United States Gypsum Company | Dimensionally stable geopolymer composition and method |
| US9643888B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2017-05-09 | United States Gypsum Company | Dimensionally stable geopolymer composition and method |
| US9656916B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2017-05-23 | United States Gypsum Company | Dimensionally stable geopolymer composition and method |
| US9890082B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2018-02-13 | United States Gypsum Company | Dimensionally stable geopolymer composition and method |
| WO2017067951A1 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-27 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Use of a calcium sulfate comprising 2-k mortar system based on aluminous cement in anchoring applications to increase load values and reduce shrinkage |
| US11858866B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2024-01-02 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Fire-resistant two-component mortar system based on aluminous cement for a fire-resistant chemical fastening of anchors and post-installed reinforcing bars and use thereof |
| WO2017067953A1 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-27 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Two-component mortar system based on aluminous cement and use thereof |
| EP3572388A1 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2019-11-27 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Two-component mortar system based on aluminous cement and use thereof |
| US12325664B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2025-06-10 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Two-component mortar system based on aluminous cement and use thereof |
| RU2733346C2 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2020-10-01 | Хильти Акциенгезельшафт | Fire-resistant two-component system of mortar based on alumina cement for fire-resistant chemical fixation of anchors and bonded reinforcement rods and its use |
| RU2737297C2 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2020-11-26 | Хильти Акциенгезельшафт | Two-component system of mortar based on alumina cement and use thereof |
| US11214526B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2022-01-04 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Use of calcium sulfate in an inorganic mortar system based on aluminous cement to increase load values |
| US11214519B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2022-01-04 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Two-component mortar system based on aluminous cement and use thereof |
| US9624131B1 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2017-04-18 | United States Gypsum Company | Freeze-thaw durable geopolymer compositions and methods for making same |
| US10308552B2 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2019-06-04 | United States Gypsum Company | Freeze-thaw durable geopolymer compositions and methods for making same |
| US11267765B2 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2022-03-08 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Use of amorphous calcium carbonate in a fire-resistant inorganic mortar system based on aluminous cement to increase load values at elevated temperatures |
| IT202200002309A1 (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-08-09 | Buzzi S P A | Production process of a cementitious material |
| WO2023152653A1 (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-08-17 | Buzzi Unicem S.P.A. | Method for the production of a cementitious material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8526751D0 (en) | 1985-12-04 |
| GB2166430B (en) | 1988-01-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19981030 |