GB2154735A - Reagent for determining blood glucose content - Google Patents
Reagent for determining blood glucose content Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2154735A GB2154735A GB08501049A GB8501049A GB2154735A GB 2154735 A GB2154735 A GB 2154735A GB 08501049 A GB08501049 A GB 08501049A GB 8501049 A GB8501049 A GB 8501049A GB 2154735 A GB2154735 A GB 2154735A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- reagent
- glucose
- active agent
- glucose content
- litre
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- HAOXTAJLDMZCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCC HAOXTAJLDMZCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920013747 hydroxypolyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- RLFWWDJHLFCNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminoantipyrine Chemical compound CN1C(C)=C(N)C(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 RLFWWDJHLFCNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- WTXGYGWMPUGBAL-SQOUGZDYSA-N (3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxepan-2-one Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WTXGYGWMPUGBAL-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQAICDLOKRSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO IEQAICDLOKRSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012792 lyophilization process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005222 phenazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012064 sodium phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/54—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving glucose or galactose
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
A stable and ready to use liquid reagent for determining the glucose content in blood comprises a glucose-oxidase, (free from catalse), and a nonionic surface-active agent, such as, for example, the polyoxyethylene derivatives, hydroxypolyethylene ethoxydodecane, or the lauryl ether of polyoxyethylene-glycol, as a stabilizer.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Reagent for determining blood glucose content
The present invention relates to a ready to use liquid reagent for determing the glucose content in blood. More particularly, the invention relates to a stable liquid reagent, in a single kit ready to use form, comprising a glucose-oxidase free from catalase and a non ionic surface-active agent.
It is known that the simplest and most used methods for determining the glucose content in blood (plasma or serum), are founded on the Trinder method or on variations of the same.
The glucose content in blood can be determined by means of the glucose-oxidase and the coloured Trinder reaction according to the following steps:
-D-g1ucopyranose + H20 (64S )
glucono- 6-lactone.H2O2.
3) 2H202*phenol+4-aminophenazone
(p-benzoqulnonemonoimino)-phenazone + 4H20.
The reagent used in the above consists of two components:
a) A suitably buffered enzymatic component (glucose-oxidase-peroxidase);
b) A chromogen, specifically 4-aminophenazone pluse phenol (the latter can be replaced by its derivatives, hence the variations on the original method introduced by Trinder, who first used phenol).
All the reagents according to this method must be reconstituted at the moment of their use in a single operating reagent, having, when reconstituted, limited stability. Thus, it should be noted that such a reagent, when reconstituted, presents the disadvantage of a guaranteed expiration date not longer than 60 days and of about 30 days on average. Such a reagent cannot therefore really be regarded as a ready to use reagent due to its limited stability.
At present, two methods for reconstituting the operating reagent are known:
I) By adding water to a premixed enzyme-chromogen system;
II) By mixing the enzymatic component and the chromogen, which, in this case, have been kept apart.
However, in all cases, the user is required to manipulate the product. This operation, even if it is simple, frequently causes mistakes because in the reagent's preparation some technical problems affecting the system's validity can arise.
In case I, when the operation reagent is reconstituted, high-purity distilled water is required, while only deionized water, not completely free from chlorine, is available in laboratories for clinical tests (a common inconvenince, particularly in summer time).
In case II during the pouring off step a loss of one of the two reagents frequently occurs due to outflow of one of them, or, more frequently, due to the incomplete dripping of one of the reagents from its bottle. In such cases, the operating reagent often has a final concentration different from the desired one.
Disadvantages occur also when the adopted procedure prevents the obtaining of a complete mixture of the solute and the solvent, as frequently occurs if the enzyme is provided as an anhydrous powder together with the buffer, which often being a phosphate buffer, is only slightly soluble.
When powdered reagents are used, as frequently occurs, it must be taken into account that the powdered ingredients proportions can be stated within a very broad range and that incomplete homogeneity can derive therefrom, even within the same preparation lot. This fact is even clearer when lyophilized enzymes are used, because, as is known, the lyophilization process may often heterogeneously reduce enzymatic activity (the single bottle's position, with respect to its place on the plates during the freezing step, is surely an influence), so that the final concentrations (as enzymatic activity) can be very different from each other.
In addition to these technical inconveniences affecting the system's reliability, the reagents so far employed have very high production costs.
The present production methods include two possibilities:
a) anhydrous powders
b) lyophiles.
In cases a) production requires a special humidity-controlled room and expensive plants where operators are exposed to serious risks due to hard work conditions. Thus, the use of such enzymes as powders, and especially the presence of sodium azide and of the various buffers, can cause damage, sometimes irreversible, to the respiratory organs of operators if they are exposed for a long time. Moreover, it has been noted that some people, after some years of such work, become sensitized to said enzymes and subject to consequent injuries.
In cases b), the use of lyophilizers calls for large amounts of electrical energy and water, in addition to the plants extinction costs.
It is therefore clear that it would be most important to have available a reagent for determining glucose content in blood which avoids the delicate reconstitution operations mentioned before and the expensive production techniques and the dangers for staff and the long lead-times (minimum times for reagent set-up).
The present invention is based upon the surprising discovery that these problems may be solved by using as a reagent a glucose-oxidase (GOD), completely free from catalase, combined with stabilizers consisting of nonionic surface-active agents.
This combination provides a stable unitary liquid reagent ready to use. The homogeneous concentration of the single components' enzymatic activities appears to be particularly favourable, because the reaction rate, which can be expressed as AA At of the coloured chromogen (A = absorbance or extinction), is particularly related to the ratio u.i/litre of glucose-oxidase, where u.i. is, as is know, the amount of enzyme which oxidases 1 mole of glucose per min at 25"C and pH = 7.0 (sodium phosphate buffer).
On this subject it is to be observed that sometimes remarkable differences in enzymatic activities can be found in reagents at present on the market, even amongst bottles from the same lot. Consequently there are some problems in the technique known as "Fixed Time", which can, in contrast, be properly carried out with a reagent linke that according to this invention whose invariability between bottles is substantially assured.
For correct setting up of such a technique it is necessary that the glucose oxidation by "GOD" follow psuedo-first-order kinetics with respect to glucose.
This causes a series of coupled reactions, to which the kinetics principle of fixed time measurements can be applied.
The above-mentioned technique can be applied to the reagent according to this invention, making it particularly suitable for fast analyzers that allow a considerable saving in time.
It is therefore a specific object of this invention to provide a ready to use liquid reagent for determining the glucose content in blood which comprises a glucose-oxidase free from catalase and a nonionic surface-active agent as a stabilizer.
In a preferred embodiment according to the invention a glucose-oxidase amount of from 9,000 to 40,000 u.i/litre and a nonionic surface-active agent amount of from 5 mg/litre to 50 g/litre are employed.
A polyoxyethylene (POE) nonionic surface-active agent is preferably employed, such as, for example, POE-tridecyl alcohol, POE-nonylphenol, etc. (RENEX), POE-octylphenol (TRITON) and
POE-lauryl-, cetyl-, stearyl-, oleyl-alcohol (BRIJ).
Similarly, very good results are obtained by employing, as a surface-active agent, hydroxypolyethylene-etoxydodecane (C,2H25-(0-2J4)n-OH) or the lauryl ether of polyoxyethylenglycol (TH ES IT).
It is quite clear and must be pointed out that the absence of catalase was not taken into account either by Trinder or by other authors.
For illustrative and not for limitative purposes the following compositions are now described:
COMPOSITION A Amounts referred to 1000ml of reagent
GOD 9,000-40,000 u.i.
Peroxidase 300-3,000 u.i.
4-aminoantipyrine 0.1-1.5 mmoles
Phenol 1.5-15.5 mmoles
Phosphate buffer pH 6.5-11.4
POE-lauryl alcohol (Brij 35), at a concentration of from 5 mg/litre, was employed in this composition as a surface-active agent.
COMPOSITION B Amount referred to 1,000 ml of reagent
GOD 9,000-40,000 u.i.
Peroxidase 300-3,000 u.i.
4-aminoantipyrine 0.1-1.5 mmoles phenol 1.5-15.5 mmoles
Phosphate buffer pH 6.5-11.4 POE-octylphenol (Triton-X100), at a concentration of from 5 mg/litre to 50 g/litre, was employed in this composition as a surface-active agent.
As can be seen from Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, wherein the absorbance values are plotted vs. the reaction times, the resulting reaction kinetics for the compositions A and B, measured on Perkin-Elmer, are exactly alike even when the surface-active agent employed is changed .
In order to demonstrate the unalterability of product quality, Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings depicts the absorbance of a reagent sample of the kind used in composition A prepared in February 1 983 but not tested until January 1 984. Besides noting how the curve is in accordance with theory, even at high concentration (500 mg/dl), it should be noted that the reaction is completely accomplished within an estimated 10 minutes.
This result was obtained by using a reagent lot as herein before disclosed which was stored, during the noted period, under stress test conditions (in fact a transparent vessel was used instead of the usual opaque vessel, which vessel was often opened and closed). It is further to be noted that the absorbance of white against H2O is only 0.1 28, that is quite an acceptable value from the moment that, moreover, such a reagent increases its absorbance under the direct action of the light.
A graphic demonstration pertinent to the product used in obtained the results of Fig. 2 is given in Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings, wherein the absorbance (A) is plotted as a function of the concentration (c.St.) of the standard employed (abscissa). This diagram clearly shows the perfect linearity of the reagent up to a maximum concentration of 500 mg/litre. This straight was line plotted by computer utilizing a series of standards of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 500 mg/litre. The proportion of reagent to sample was 1,000 litre/10 litre; the reaction time was 10 minutes. The colour remains stable for about 1 hour.
The present invention has been disclosed with particular reference to some specific embodiments, but it is to be understood that modifications and changes can be introduced in the above disclosure by those skilled in the art without departing from its true spirit and scope.
Claims (7)
1. A ready to use liquid reagent for determining the glucose content of blood comprising a glucose-oxidase substantially free from catalase and a nonionic surface-active agent as a stabilizer.
2. A reagent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glucose-oxidase is present in an amount of from 9,000 to 40,000 u;i./litre and the nonionic surface-active agent is present in an amount of from 5 mg/litre-50 g/litre.
3. A reagent as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the nonionic surface-active agent is a polyoxyethylene surface-active agent.
4. A reagent as claimed in claim 3, wherein the non ionic polyoxyethylene surface-active agent is POE-lauryl alcohol or POE-octylphenol.
5. A stable ready to use liquid reagent for determining the glucose content in blood and substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. A ready to use liquid reagent for determining the glucose content in blood and substantially as hereinbefore described either as "Composition A" or as "Composition B".
7. The use of a liquid composition containing a glucose-oxidase substantially free from catalase and a nonionic surface-active agent in the analysis of glucose content in a sample, e.g.
in a blood sample.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT47603/84A IT1177513B (en) | 1984-01-27 | 1984-01-27 | READY TO USE LIQUID REACTIVE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF BLOOD IN THE BLOOD |
| US58228184A | 1984-02-22 | 1984-02-22 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8501049D0 GB8501049D0 (en) | 1985-02-20 |
| GB2154735A true GB2154735A (en) | 1985-09-11 |
| GB2154735B GB2154735B (en) | 1987-07-15 |
Family
ID=26329206
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08501049A Expired GB2154735B (en) | 1984-01-27 | 1985-01-16 | Reagent for determining blood glucose content |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2154735B (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5863400A (en) * | 1994-04-14 | 1999-01-26 | Usf Filtration & Separations Group Inc. | Electrochemical cells |
| US5942102A (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1999-08-24 | Usf Filtration And Separations Group Inc. | Electrochemical method |
| US5980709A (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1999-11-09 | Usf Filtration And Separations Group | Method of defining an electrode area |
| US6284125B1 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 2001-09-04 | Usf Filtration And Separations Group, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US6413410B1 (en) | 1996-06-19 | 2002-07-02 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US6521110B1 (en) | 1995-11-16 | 2003-02-18 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US6863801B2 (en) | 1995-11-16 | 2005-03-08 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US8449740B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2013-05-28 | Lifescan, Inc. | Systems and methods for discriminating control solution from a physiological sample |
| US9739749B2 (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2017-08-22 | Lifescan, Inc. | System and method for measuring an analyte in a sample |
| US9784707B2 (en) | 2008-06-09 | 2017-10-10 | Lifescan, Inc. | System and method for measuring an analyte in a sample |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6638415B1 (en) | 1995-11-16 | 2003-10-28 | Lifescan, Inc. | Antioxidant sensor |
| KR100955587B1 (en) | 2001-10-10 | 2010-04-30 | 라이프스캔, 인코포레이티드 | Electrochemical cell |
| US8778168B2 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2014-07-15 | Lifescan, Inc. | Systems and methods of discriminating control solution from a physiological sample |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0012184A1 (en) * | 1978-11-22 | 1980-06-25 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Hemolytic solution, application of such a solution for determining the presence of glucose in blood, and hemolytic process |
| EP0016946A1 (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1980-10-15 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | Process and reagent for the activation of cholesterol esterase |
| EP0024578A1 (en) * | 1979-08-23 | 1981-03-11 | Ivan Endre Modrovich | Method of stabilizing an enzyme solution for use in total cholesterol determination, stabilized solution and test kit therefor |
| GB1592632A (en) * | 1977-02-03 | 1981-07-08 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hydrolysis process for protein-bound cholesterol esters |
| EP0044432A2 (en) * | 1980-07-10 | 1982-01-27 | Ivan Endre Modrovich | Stabilized enzymatic solutions and method for determining total cholesterol in human serum |
| WO1983003254A1 (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-09-29 | Arthur Babson | Stabilization of diazonium salt solutions |
-
1985
- 1985-01-16 GB GB08501049A patent/GB2154735B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1592632A (en) * | 1977-02-03 | 1981-07-08 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hydrolysis process for protein-bound cholesterol esters |
| EP0012184A1 (en) * | 1978-11-22 | 1980-06-25 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Hemolytic solution, application of such a solution for determining the presence of glucose in blood, and hemolytic process |
| EP0016946A1 (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1980-10-15 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | Process and reagent for the activation of cholesterol esterase |
| EP0024578A1 (en) * | 1979-08-23 | 1981-03-11 | Ivan Endre Modrovich | Method of stabilizing an enzyme solution for use in total cholesterol determination, stabilized solution and test kit therefor |
| EP0044432A2 (en) * | 1980-07-10 | 1982-01-27 | Ivan Endre Modrovich | Stabilized enzymatic solutions and method for determining total cholesterol in human serum |
| WO1983003254A1 (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-09-29 | Arthur Babson | Stabilization of diazonium salt solutions |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5863400A (en) * | 1994-04-14 | 1999-01-26 | Usf Filtration & Separations Group Inc. | Electrochemical cells |
| US5980709A (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1999-11-09 | Usf Filtration And Separations Group | Method of defining an electrode area |
| US7604722B2 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 2009-10-20 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US8101056B2 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 2012-01-24 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US8075760B2 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 2011-12-13 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US6284125B1 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 2001-09-04 | Usf Filtration And Separations Group, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| USRE44330E1 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 2013-07-02 | Lifescan Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US7608175B2 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 2009-10-27 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US8597480B2 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 2013-12-03 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US6521110B1 (en) | 1995-11-16 | 2003-02-18 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US7431814B2 (en) | 1995-11-16 | 2008-10-07 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US6863801B2 (en) | 1995-11-16 | 2005-03-08 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| USRE42567E1 (en) | 1995-11-16 | 2011-07-26 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US6179979B1 (en) | 1995-11-16 | 2001-01-30 | Usf Filtration & Separations Group, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US5942102A (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1999-08-24 | Usf Filtration And Separations Group Inc. | Electrochemical method |
| US6413410B1 (en) | 1996-06-19 | 2002-07-02 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US6960289B2 (en) | 1996-06-19 | 2005-11-01 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US9075004B2 (en) | 1996-06-19 | 2015-07-07 | Lifescan, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| US8449740B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2013-05-28 | Lifescan, Inc. | Systems and methods for discriminating control solution from a physiological sample |
| US9739749B2 (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2017-08-22 | Lifescan, Inc. | System and method for measuring an analyte in a sample |
| US9784707B2 (en) | 2008-06-09 | 2017-10-10 | Lifescan, Inc. | System and method for measuring an analyte in a sample |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2154735B (en) | 1987-07-15 |
| GB8501049D0 (en) | 1985-02-20 |
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