GB2142279A - Dry transfer materials - Google Patents
Dry transfer materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2142279A GB2142279A GB08317754A GB8317754A GB2142279A GB 2142279 A GB2142279 A GB 2142279A GB 08317754 A GB08317754 A GB 08317754A GB 8317754 A GB8317754 A GB 8317754A GB 2142279 A GB2142279 A GB 2142279A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- indicia
- dry transfer
- ink
- transfer material
- indicium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011353 cycloaliphatic epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004843 novolac epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920006262 high density polyethylene film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004850 liquid epoxy resins (LERs) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXALYBMHAYZKAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-ylmethyl 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC2OC2CC1C(=O)OCC1CC2OC2CC1 YXALYBMHAYZKAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005789 ACRONAL® acrylic binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004039 HBF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012952 cationic photoinitiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012955 diaryliodonium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005520 diaryliodonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- MBAKFIZHTUAVJN-UHFFFAOYSA-I hexafluoroantimony(1-);hydron Chemical compound F.F[Sb](F)(F)(F)F MBAKFIZHTUAVJN-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013008 moisture curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleicacidamide-heptaglycolether Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005839 radical cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O triphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/12—Transfer pictures or the like, e.g. decalcomanias
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
- B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
- B44C1/17—Dry transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
- B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
- B44C1/17—Dry transfer
- B44C1/1712—Decalcomanias applied under heat and pressure, e.g. provided with a heat activable adhesive
- B44C1/1716—Decalcomanias provided with a particular decorative layer, e.g. specially adapted to allow the formation of a metallic or dyestuff layer on a substrate unsuitable for direct deposition
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Dry transfer materials are obtained by printing on to a carrier sheet a non-solvent drying, polymerisable or crosslinkable ink comprising a cationically polymerisable or crosslinkable organic material and a cationic initiator therefor. The printed indicium or indicia exposed to radiation to cure the ink and then, if appropriate, adhesive is applied thereover.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Dry transfer materials
This invention relates to dry transfer materials and to a method of manufacturing them.
Dry transfer systems have been known for many years. Usually the dry transfer material consists of a carrier film, e.g. a polymer film or a release coated paper, on which are printed, usually screen printed, one or several indicia and a pressure-sensitive adhesive which may be applied over the whole surface or in register with the indicia.
Transfer of the indicia from the dry transfer material to the chosen receptor surface may be promoted either by a "tug-of-war" process in which the adhesion of the indicia to the carrier is lower than its adhesion to the receptor surface or by dynamic pressure as described in British
Patent Specifications 954459 and 959670 in which the indicia-to-carrier adhesion is weakened by the "stretch-release" phenomenon.
An important problem in the production of dry transfer materials is the provision of satisfactory indicia. The indicia necessarily must transfer bodily and so have adequate film strength. It is also desirable that the indicia should be highly resistant to scratching and abrasion. Further of course the indicia must readily release from the carrier sheet.
Heretofore in the production of dry transfer materials, indicia have generally been formed of printing inks which are essentially pigmented solutions of a polymer in an evaporable solvent, the dry indicia being formed simply by evaporation of the solvent from the ink layer applied, e.g. by screen printing, to the carrier. Such inks are well known but it is found in practice that the dried ink films obtained generally have a lower mechanical strength than is desirable, so that the distortion of the indicia (e.g. by bending the carrier sheet on which the indicia are printed) may cause the ink film to crack, and the scratch and abrasion resistance is usually less than desired.Some improvement in film strength can often be achieved by increasing film thickness but this usually brings about concomitant disadvantages, e.g. a tendency to a lower degree of definition in the print using such conventional printing inks.
In order to improve scratch and abrasion resistance, British Patent Specification 1 324796 proposes transfer materials in which the indicia are formed of or include a urethane polymer formed in situ. These transfer materials are manufactured by applying to a carrier sheet one or more indicia in a printing ink which comprises solvent and a precursor for a urethane polymer, preferably a moisture-cure urethane polymer. The ink is caused or allowed to dry and then the urethane polymer is caused or allowed to form in situ thereby to produce a dry and non-tacky surface to the indicia. Thereafter a coating of an adhesive is applied to cover at least the indicia.
Further British Patent Specification 1 437326 proposes transfer materials wherein the indicia have high scratch and abrasion resistance in which the indicia are formed of or include epoxy polymer formed in situ. Thus these transfer materials of British Patent Specification 1437326 are made by applying to a carrier sheet one or more indicia in a printing ink which comprises solvent and a precursor for an epoxy polymer, allowing the ink to dry and the formation of the epoxy polymer in situ thereby to produce a dry and non-tacky surface to the indicia and thereafter applying a coating of an adhesive to cover at least the indicia.
While the transfer materials of British Patent Specifications 1 324796 and 1437326 have much improved scratch and abrasion resistance compared with conventional dry transfer materials and can have acceptable film strength, their manufacturing time is of the same order as that of conventional dry transfer materials. Indeed it may even be longer since, in addition to solvent evaporation to dry the ink, curing of the urethane polymer or epoxy resin is also necessary.
British Patent Specification 1 580076 describes the production of dry transfer materials by printing using a viscous liquid ink comprising photopolymerisable, ethylenically unsaturated material. The printed ink is then exposed to active radiation whereby the ethylenically unsaturated material is caused to photopolymerise by a free radical mechanism. With this process there is substantially no need for a separate drying stage and accordingly dry transfer production can be speeded up. Furthermore the photopolymerised final product can have good scratch and abrasion resistance. However the free radical systems to which this reference relates are subject to oxygen inhibition.This can have an important and disadvantageous effect in the case of such thin films as are applied in the printing step of British Patent Specification 1 580076 which have a high availability to oxygen. Moreover, though substantially quicker than other processes of dry transfer production, the free radical system of British Patent Specification 1 580076 requires comparatively long exposure times to ensure sufficient photopolymerisation of inks.
In addition U.S. Patent Specification 429114 describes the preparation of dry transfer sheets using a composite material comprising a cover sheet and a base sheet having therebetween a photopolymerisable layer comprising a cationically polymerisable organic material, a cationic polymerisation initiator therefor and, optionally, a thermoplastic hydrocarbon resin. This compo site is imagewise exposed to radiation whereby, in the image areas, the photopolymerisable layer is caused to polymerise cationically. The material is developed by peeling apart the two sheets with the unexposed areas adhering to the cover sheet and the exposed areas adhering to the base sheet. The cover sheet is then re-exposed to provide the final dry transfer material.
While the method of U.S. Patent Specification 4291114 may be useful for providing dry transfer materials at small volume, it is totally unsuitable and too complex a system for the large volume production of conventional sheet transfer materials. Moreover the resolution obtained with the process of U.S. Patent Specification 4291114 is insufficient for many uses.
According to the present invention, there is provided a dry transfer material which comprises a carrier sheet and one or more indicia thereon, the indicium or indicia having been applied to the carrier sheet by printing in a non-solvent drying, polymerisable or crosslinkable ink comprising a cationically polymerisable or crosslinkable organic material and a cationic initiator therefor and exposing the printed indicium or indicia to radiation to cause polymerisation or crosslinking in the ink, the indicium or indicia having an adhesive surface or the dry transfer material further comprising a layer of adhesive covering at least the indicium or indicia.
The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a dry transfer material which method comprises applying to a carrier sheet by printing one or more indicia in a non-solvent drying, polymerisable or crosslinkable ink comprising a cationically polymerisable or crosslinkable organic material and a cationic initiator therefor, exposing the printed indicium or indicia to radiation to cause polymerisation or crosslinking in the ink, and, if necessary or desired, applying adhesive to cover at least the indicium or indicia.
The dry transfer material according to the present invention has good scratch and abrasion resistance and high film strength. Further the dry transfer materials are suitable to be produced in fine detail and can be produced in large volume at high speed. Not only is the ink used according to the present invention non-solvent drying so there is no need for a separate ink drying step in the manufacturing method but also the inks used according to the present invention are not susceptible to oxygen inhibition and have dark reaction. This means that only very short exposure times are required according to the present invention to obtain polymerisation or crosslinking in the ink. This reaction is not subject to inhibition by oxygen in the environment and further the reaction continues in the ink film after the exposure.Materials according to the present invention can for example be rolled up when touch dry and the curing reaction will continue in the roll. If desired this dark reaction may be further speeded up by heating the material after the exposure step.
The carrier sheet used according to the present invention may be of any convenient flexible material. A wide variety of such carrier sheets is already known and used in the manufacture of various dry transfer materials. Papers, including treated papers e.g. polymer coated or release coated papers, may be used. However, to obtain accurate positioning of the dry transfer material on the receptor surface, it is desirable that the carrier sheet should be light transmitting i.e.
transparent or translucent, so that the receptor surface is visible through the dry transfer at the moment of transfer. Suitable such carrier sheets include transparent or translucent plastics films e.g. polyethylene, polystyrene or polyethylene terephthalate. Again of course if desired such plastics film may be surface treated or coated appropriately to provide the required release properties.
The ink used according to the present invention is-non-solvent drying. Thus the ink is one which is not reliant on solvent evaporation for its drying. The ink may contain a small percentage of solvent, generally at most 20% by weight. Indeed some small solvent content may be inevitable since the ink ingredients may be provided commercially in the presence of solvent. Furthermore it may be desirable to add solvent to obtain the desired viscosity for printing. Any solvent used in substantial amount though will be non-volatile. - Residual solvent may be retained in the final indicia and act as a plasticiser.
The indicia are printed on to the carrier sheet using a non-solvent drying ink. Any suitable printing method can be used e.g. letterpress, lithography, gravure. Generally the ink will be applied by screen printing in conventional manner. However, owing to the fact that ink solvent is not evaporated from the system, in contrast to current methods, it is desirable that the deposit of ink is less. This may be achieved by the use of a fine screen mesh.
The inks used according to the present invention may also contain, in addition to the cationically polymerisable or crosslinkable organic material and cationic initiator therefor, pigment or dye, polymeric binder and other conventional additives.
Preferably the ink according to the present invention contains, as cationically polymerisable or crosslinking organic material, a monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric epoxy material containing one or more epoxy functional groups e.g. a bis-phenol-A(4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol) and epichlorohydrin reaction product or the reaction product of a low molecular weight phenolformaldehyde resin with epichlorohydrin, alone or in combination with an epoxy containing compound as a reactive diluent. Other polymeric materials containing terminal or pendant epoxy groups which are cationically curable may also be used e.g. epoxy silane resins, epoxy polyurethanes and epoxy-polyesters having terminal epoxy groups. Suitable epoxy materials are mentioned in U.S. Patent Specification 4108747.Most preferably the epoxy material used is a liquid epoxy resin e.g. an epoxy novolac or a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin or a cycloaliphatic epoxide.
Other cationically polymerisable or crosslinkable materials may also be used including vinyl organic monomers, vinyl organic prepolymers, cyclic organic ethers, cyclic organic sulphides, cyclic amines and organo silican cyclics as described in U.S. Patent Specification 4108747 and thermosetting formaldehyde condensation resins comprising thermosetting organic condensation resins of formaldehyde and urea, thiourea, phenol or melamine as described in U.S. Patent
Specification 4102687.
The cationic initiator used according to the present invention can be for example a triarylsulphonium or diarylsulphonium salt e.g. triphenylsulphonium hexafluorophosphate, or an aryldiazonium, diaryliodonium or triarylselenonium compound. Also suitable as cationic photoinitiators are Brnsted acids including HBF4, HAsF6, HSbF6 which are active initiators for the ring opening polymerisations of epoxides. Cationic initiators which may be used are described in the aforesaid U.S. Patent Specifications 4108747 and 4102687.
For example when triarylsulphonium salts (Ar3S+X-) are exposed to radiation of 200-300 no they undergo photolysis which results in a homolytic rupture of one of the carbon-sulphur bonds. The mechanism for this photolysis is believed to be as follows:
Interaction of the radicalcation Ar2S + with the hydrogen-containing compound YH in Step c results in the release of a proton in Step d and the formation of the acid HX.
The printed indicia are exposed to radiation to cause polymerisation or crosslinking in the ink.
Most preferably UV radiation is used to cure the ink in this way. However other forms of radiation, including electron beam, can be used to initiate reaction.
The final indicia must of course be transferable from the carrier sheet to a receptor surface.
Preferably the materials are so formulated that they operate by the "stretch-release" technique described in British Patent Specifications 954459 and 959670. In addition to ensure transferability it may be necessary to apply an adhesive coating to the cured indicia. Such an adhesive coating can be applied as an overall adhesive layer but will at least be applied over the indicia.
Alternatively the ink composition of the indicia may have adhesive ingredients in which case a separate coating may not be necessary.
The invention is further illustrated in the following Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
A dry transfer ink was made up as follows:
Parts by weight
Epoxy novolac resin (DEM 438
ex Dow Chemical) 23 Cyclo aliphatic epoxy
resin (CY 179 cox Ciba-Geigy) 68
Carbon black (Printex 2/20- ex Degussa) 1.8
These ingredients were mixed in a triple roll mill and then there were added:
Initiator (50% triphenylphos
phonium hexafluorophosphate
[(PH3S) +PH6--ex 3M
and 50% aromatic solvent) 4.5
Levelling agent (Perenol F3
ex Henkel) 2.7
100.0
This ink was then applied, by screen printing using a 150T mesh, on to untreated high density polyethylene film and then cured using a Colordry U.V. unit operating with two U.V.
lamps rated at 79 watts per linear centimetre using a throughput speed of 6.1 metres per minute.
An adhesive consisting of the following ingredients:
Parts by weight
Polybutene (NAMW 0400) 6.9
Polyisobutylene (VAMW 380,000) 3.2
Polyethylene wax (NAMW 2000,
melting point 104 to 108"C 4.9
Oleophilic grade silica 4.0
Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent
(boiling range 144 to 160"C) 71.0
Oxitol 9.0
Oleamide 1.5 was applied as an overall layer. [The abbreviation NAMW is used for number average molecular weight and VAMW for viscosity average molecular weight.]
There was thus obtained a dry transfer material from which the indicia transferred well on to a receptor surface.
EXAMPLE 2
A dry transfer ink was made up using the following ingredients.
Parts by weight 3,4-Epoxy-cyclohexyl-methyl
3,4-epoxy-cyclohexane
carboxylate (ERL 4221-ex Union Carbide) 33.0
Liquid epoxy resin (CY 208
ex Ciba-Geigy) 49.6
Furnace black (Special Black
25 ex Degussaoil absorption
85%, pH 3.5, average particle
size 56 nm) 6.6
Initiator (triarylsulphonium
hexafluorophosphate dispersed
50/50 by weight in aromatic solvent-FC 508 ex 3M) 8.3
Flow aid 2.5
100.0
The flow aid used consisted of:
Parts by weight
Butyl polyacrylate (Acronal
4F ex B.A.S.F.) 25 2-Ethyl-hexyl acrylate,
low molecular weight polymer
(Modaflow ex Monsanto) 25
CY 179 50
This ink was then applied, by screen printing using a 150T mesh, on to untreated high density polyethylene film and then cured as in Example 1.
Adhesive as used in Example 1 was applied then as an overall layer.
There was thus obtained a dry transfer material from which the indicia transferred well on to a receptor surface.
Claims (8)
1, A dry transfer material which comprises a carrier sheet and one or more indicia thereon, the indicium or indicia having been applied to the carrier sheet by printing in a non-solvent drying, polymerisable or crosslinkable ink comprising a cationically polymerisable or crosslinkable organic material and a cationic initiator therefor and exposing the printed indicium or indicia to radiation to cause polymerisation or crosslinking in the ink, the indicium or indicia having an adhesive surface or the dry transfer material further comprising a layer of adhesive covering at least the indicium or indicia.
2. A dry transfer material according to claim 1 wherein the cationically polymerisable or crosslinkable organic material is a monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric epoxy material containing one or more epoxy functional groups.
3. A dry transfer material according to claim 1 wherein the cationically polymerisable or crosslinkable organic material is a liquid epoxy novolac or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin.
4. A dry transfer material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the cationic initiator is'a"'triarylsulphonium or diarylsulphonium salt.
5. A dry transfer material substantially as described in any one of the Examples.
6. A method of manufacturing a dry transfer material which method comprises applying to a carrier sheet by printing one or more indicia in a non-solvent drying polymerisable or crosslinkable ink comprising a cationically polymerisable or crosslinkable organic material and a cationic initiator therefor, exposing the printed indicium or indicia to radiation to cause polymerisation or crosslinking in the ink, and, if necessary or desired, applying adhesive to cover at least the indicium or indicia.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the printed indicium or indicia are exposed to
U.V. radiation.
8. A dry transfer material obtained by the process claimed in claim 6 or 7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08317754A GB2142279B (en) | 1983-06-30 | 1983-06-30 | Dry transfer materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08317754A GB2142279B (en) | 1983-06-30 | 1983-06-30 | Dry transfer materials |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8317754D0 GB8317754D0 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
| GB2142279A true GB2142279A (en) | 1985-01-16 |
| GB2142279B GB2142279B (en) | 1987-04-23 |
Family
ID=10545029
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08317754A Expired GB2142279B (en) | 1983-06-30 | 1983-06-30 | Dry transfer materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2142279B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0283651A1 (en) * | 1987-03-19 | 1988-09-28 | Alkor Gmbh Kunststoffe | Method of making coating layers and films |
| US6451873B1 (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2002-09-17 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Low VOC cationic curable lithographic printing inks |
| US6489375B2 (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2002-12-03 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Low VOC cationic curable lithographic printing inks |
| EP1151354A4 (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2006-05-03 | Chartpak Inc | PRODUCTION OF PICTURES WITH ULTRAVIOLET-HEATABLE INK AND ADHESIVE TECHNOLOGY |
| DE10328525B4 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2008-02-28 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh | Use of screen printing lacquers in the production of decals for the decoration of ceramic substrates, porcelain and glass |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2040947A (en) * | 1979-01-29 | 1980-09-03 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Catalysts for cationic polymerisation |
| GB1580076A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1980-11-26 | Marler E T Ltd | Pressure sensitive adhesive transfer |
-
1983
- 1983-06-30 GB GB08317754A patent/GB2142279B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1580076A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1980-11-26 | Marler E T Ltd | Pressure sensitive adhesive transfer |
| GB2040947A (en) * | 1979-01-29 | 1980-09-03 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Catalysts for cationic polymerisation |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0283651A1 (en) * | 1987-03-19 | 1988-09-28 | Alkor Gmbh Kunststoffe | Method of making coating layers and films |
| US6451873B1 (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2002-09-17 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Low VOC cationic curable lithographic printing inks |
| US6489375B2 (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2002-12-03 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Low VOC cationic curable lithographic printing inks |
| EP1151354A4 (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2006-05-03 | Chartpak Inc | PRODUCTION OF PICTURES WITH ULTRAVIOLET-HEATABLE INK AND ADHESIVE TECHNOLOGY |
| DE10328525B4 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2008-02-28 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh | Use of screen printing lacquers in the production of decals for the decoration of ceramic substrates, porcelain and glass |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8317754D0 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
| GB2142279B (en) | 1987-04-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |