GB2037563A - Ruminant feed stuff - Google Patents
Ruminant feed stuff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2037563A GB2037563A GB7940219A GB7940219A GB2037563A GB 2037563 A GB2037563 A GB 2037563A GB 7940219 A GB7940219 A GB 7940219A GB 7940219 A GB7940219 A GB 7940219A GB 2037563 A GB2037563 A GB 2037563A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- feed stuff
- ruminant feed
- acid
- stuff according
- formaldehyde
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XOIQMTLWECTKJL-FBZUZRIGSA-M sodium;(2s,3r,4s)-4-[(2s,5r,7s,8r,9s)-2-[(2r,5s)-5-ethyl-5-[(2r,3s,5r)-5-[(2s,3s,5r,6r)-6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methylpentanoate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@@](O1)(C)[C@H]2CC[C@@](O2)(CC)[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(CO)O2)C)C)C[C@@]21C[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)C([O-])=O)O2 XOIQMTLWECTKJL-FBZUZRIGSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004184 Avoparcin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JWFVWARSGMYXRN-HTQQBIQNSA-N avoparcin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C4=CC(O)=CC(O)=C4C=4C(O)=CC=C3C=4)C(O)=O)=O)CC3=C(O[C@@H]4O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](N)C4)C=C(C(=C3)Cl)OC=3C=C2C=C(C=3O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](N)C2)OC2=CC=C1C=C2)C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC)C=1C=CC(O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)O)=CC=1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O JWFVWARSGMYXRN-HTQQBIQNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950001335 avoparcin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019377 avoparcin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010053278 avoparcin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007952 growth promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 235000019624 protein content Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019735 Meat-and-bone meal Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003276 Apios tuberosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010744 Arachis villosulicarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005996 Blood meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound NC(N)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000507 anthelmentic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020940 control diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095574 propionic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000022558 protein metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010027322 single cell proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
- A23K10/28—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin from waste dairy products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
A palatable, easily stored and transported and highly nutritious feed stuff for ruminants containing protein undegraded in the rumen is a liquid comprising, in specified proportions, molasses, delactosed whey concentrate, formaldehyde, an alkaline agent, an acid and a suspension agent. A dry protein may be suspended therein. Other optional ingredients are discussed. The formaldehyde is blended with the delactosed whey concentrate in a sufficient amount to protect the milk protein from degradation by rumen micro-organisms. The alkaline agent serves to neutralise the lactic acid in the delactosed whey concentrate. The acid prevents deterioration of the feed stuff in storage.
Description
SPECIFfCATION Ruminant feed stuff
The invention relates to a liquid ruminant feed stuff and to the use of such feed stuff in a method of feeding ruminants.
The digestion of protein by ruminants is a complex matter but is of great importance in the achievement of an ecomomical method of feeding ruminants to achieve the high meat and milk outputs required in modern agriculture. It has become known that the mere feeding of materials with high protein contents is not sufficient to achieve optimum results in ruminants. If, as is usually the case, most or all of the protein content is degreded in the rumen, then the products of degradation which are passed to the intestines and are there absorbed into the blood stream are not the original proteins.It has recently been realised that, especially where high meat or milk outputs are required, it is desirable that at least a proportion of the protein fed to the ruminants should not be degraded in the rumen but should be passed undegraded into the intestines before being absorbed into the blood stream.
It is therefore in principle possible to classify the proteins fed to ruminants into two possible types, those which are degraded in the rumen ("degradable proteins") and special proteins which are not degraded in the rumen ("undegradable proteins").
A relevant study of protein metabolism in ruminants is contained in Maize (the Journal of the Maize
Developement Association), summer 1978, 15 - 19.
Studies have been made of feed stuffs containing some proportion of undegradable protein. For example, studies have been made of ground nut meal, soya bean meal, fish meal and grass meal which can be given, by reason of treatment during manufacture (especially heat) some degree of undergradability so that up to about 30 - 40% of the protein contained may be undegradable, the remainder being degradable.
The object of the invention is to provide a feed stuff which is balanced and which simultaneously has the additional important advantages of potential availability on a large scale and at low cost, palatability to ruminants, ease of storage, transport and feeding, and very largely undegradable protein content.
The invention is based upon the discovery that a balanced feed stuff combining all these advantages is in fact possible, provided it combines all the following features.
The invention provides a ruminant feed stuff which is a liquid comprising, by weight of the feed stuff: (a) from 5 to 25% of molasses; (b) from 20 to 85% of delactosed whey concentrate (as hereinafter defined), preferably 50 to 85%; (c) from 0.01 to 0.40% of formaldehyde; (d) an alkaline agent which is from 0.3 to 10% of sodium carbonate or bicarbonate or hydroxide or of ammonia, or of a combination of any of these; (e) from 0.5 to 6.0% of an acid, preferably phosphoric acid or acetic acid or both; (f) from 0.05% to 2.0% of a suspension agent.
The suspension agent may act as a dispersant or emulsifier.
The composition may contain additional water (beyond that present in the whey).
The molasses may be from any source, but cane molasses is preferred.
The amount of acid is preferably in the range from 1 to 4%.
The composition may additionally comprise a proportion of a dry protein suspended therein. This further described below. As these materials have been found to remain in suspension, the liquid nature of the composition is maintained.
The delactosed whey concentrate used herein is defined as whey with a solids content of 35 to 55% by weight, including 10 to 16% by weight of milk protein, 3 to 6% by weight of lactic acid and a reduced content of lactose so that the content is 12 to 20% by weight.
It is surprising that the above composition satisfies the requirements described above.
For example, it is known that ruminants (unlike pigs) do not tolerate materials containing lactic acid.
They may tolerate very small amounts of lactic acid, as may be found in silage, but they tend to reject material containing any appreciable content of lactic acid. This is a serious matter, since it is important that the feed stuff be eargerly accepted by the ruminants if it is to achieve the objectives of very high meat or milk outputs. It is therefore necessary to neutralise the delactosed whey.
Some of the commonly available alkaline materials would make it impossible to satisfy the objectives of the invention. Others are difficu It to handle. Lime cannot be used in the composition of the invention as it causes the composition to form a gel so that it cannot be easily stored, transported or fed to the ruminants. Sodium bicarbonate is a preferred material.
The preferred amounts of the alkaline material are 1 to 10% in the case of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate; 0.3 to 1.5% in the case of sodium hydroxide; 0.5 to 5% in the case of ammonia. The precise amount used may vary with the degree of acidity of the delactosed whey concentrate.
Normally all the protein in delactosed whey is wholly degradable. In the feed stuff of the invention, the protein in the delactosed whey is found to be very largely undegradable. This is important to the objectives of the invention. In achieving this objective, use is made of sufficient formaldehyde blended with the delactosed whey at a level which protects the protein from degradation by rumen microorganisms. This is normally approximately 0.1% of the protein content or 1 gram per kilogram true protein. An appropriate amount of formaldehyde is within the range of 0.01 to 0.4% of the feed stuff as stated above, and generally within the range of 0.02 to 0.2% by weight of the delactosed whey concentrate.The formaldehyde may be used in the form of formalin (a formaldehyde solution generally containing about 35 - 40% formaldhyde and about 6 - 9% of methanol, for example 36.6% of formaldehyde and 7% of methanol).
It is known that various types of whey can be fed to ruminants, but during storage and when the whey is diluted by other ingredients keeping quality can deteriorate rapidly. This results in increasing levels of lactic acid being produced. It is suprising therefore that the inclusion of only 0.5 to 6% of an acid (preferably and especially acetic acid) overcomes the storage problem completely and prevents degradation of the product.
In the manufacture of the ruminant feed stuffs of the invention, the various ingredients are mixed together. Such mixing can be carried out by combining all the ingredients simultaneously, or in stages.
It is possible to include in the ruminant feed stuffs of the invention certain additional ingredients which may be beneficial in particular circumstances. In particular, a contentofurea of 2 to 8%, by weight of the feed stuff, and/or a content of urea phosphate of 1 to 5%, by weight of the feed stuff, may be advantageous.
Other possible ingredients include the following in amounts of, for example, up to 5%:
emulsifiable fat binding agent
monensin sodium vitamins
methane inhibitor minerals
bloat inhibitor growth promoter (e.g.
anthelmintic monensin sodium or
fermentation inhibitor avoparcin)
It has suprisingly been discovered that it is possible to incorporate into the compositions of the invention some dry proteins in the form of a suspension in the compositions. These proteins are preferably highly undegradable proteins. Examples are dried blood meal, meat meal, meat and bone meal, fish meal, feather meal, soya bean meal, single cell proteins, as well as amino acids and liquid proteins such as liquid fish wastes. Amounts up to 20%, by weight of the feed stuff, may be used. Preferred amounts are from 10 to 20%, especially 12 to 17.5% by weight of the feed stuff. Additional formaldehyde may sometimes be desirable if dry proteins are added to the composition.
Other possible ingredients include fatty acids, oils, sugars, condensed molasses and distillers solubles, enzymes, sweeteners, flavours, spices, etc.
Certain preferred ranges of ingredients and certain preferred specific compositions are described below. All percentages are by weight of the feed stuff except the percentages of formaldehyde, sodium bicarbonate and acid, which are by weight of the concentrated delactosed whey.
Preferred ranges of ingredients are:
Delactosed Whey
Concentrate 50-85% Formaldehyde 0.03 - 0.2%
Cane Mollasses 5 - 25%
Sodium Bicarbonate 1 - 5% (especially 1-2%) Acetic Acid 1 - 2% Phosphoric Acid 1 - 2% Suspension Agent 0.1 - 2.0% (espec
ially 0.1 - 0.2%) Water 0 - 20% (especially 10-18%) Some preferred specific Examples of ruminant feed stuffs according to the invention are::
A B
Delactosed Whey
Concentrate 67.40 62.60
Formaldehyde 0.07 0.07
Cane Molasses 13.00 10.00
Acetic Acid 1.00 2.00
Phosphoric Acid 1.00 1.00
Sodium Bicarbonate 2.38 2.21 Xantham Gum 0.15 0.12
PropionicAcid 2.00
Urea - 5.00
Water 13.00 17.00
Formulation A was made up and mixed with the ingredients of a complete diet for high yielding dairy cows at a level of 2kg per cow per day. The product was free-flowing, mixed easily with the other ingredients, was very palatable to the cows, prevented secondary fermantation of the feeds in the complete diet and resulted in a 2% increase in milk yield. When the product was fed, via the complete diet mix at 4kg per cow per day, it was possible to reduce the level of soya bean meal in the mix and maintain or improve the milk output and/or growth rate.
Formulation B was made up and fed to dairy cows on a self-help basis via lick feeders. Over a period of three months intakes varied directly with the protein content of the ration being fed, milk yield increased by nearly 5% (compared with similar cows on control diets) and general body condition improved.
Other preferred specific Examples of ruminant feed stuffs according to the invention are:
C D E F
Delactosed whey 60% 65% 60% 55% concentrate
Molasses 10 10 10 8
Suspension agent 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
Feather meal 5 5 7.5 10
Fish meal 2.5 0 2.5 2.5
Meat and bone meal 0 0 0 2.5
Acetic acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Sodium bicarbonate 2.5 2.5 2.5 2
Formaldehyde 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Phosphoric acid 1 1 1 1
In each of Examples C - F additional minor ingredients (e.g. monensin sodium) may be included. The balance in each case is water.
The invention provides a method of feeding ruminants comprising administering thereto a ruminant feed stuff according to the invention. The invention is also directed to the use of such a feedstuff in the feeding of ruminants.
Claims (19)
1. A ruminant feed stuff which is a liquid comprising, by weight of the feed stuff: (a) from 5 to 25% of molasses; (b) from 20 to 85% of delactosed whey concentrate
(as hereinbefore definedl; (c) from 0.01 to 0.40% of formaldhyde; (d) an alkaline agent which is from 0.3 to 10% of
sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate, or
sodium hydroxide or ammonia or a combina
tion of any of these; (e) from 0.5 to 6.0% of an acid; (f) from 0.05 to 2.0%, by weight of the feed stuff, of
a suspension agent.
2. A ruminant feed stuff according to claim 1 comprising from 50 to 85% of the delactosed whey concentrate.
3. A ruminant feed stuff according to claim 1 or 2 comprising approximately 1 gram of formaldehyde per kilogram of protein in the delactosed whey concentrate.
4. A ruminant feed stuff according to any of claims 1 to 3 comprising from 0.02 to 0.2% of formaldehyde, by weight of the delactosed whey concentrate.
5. A ruminant feed stuff according to any of claims 1 to 3 in which the acid is acetic acid or phosphoric acid or a mixture of both of these acids.
6. A ruminant feed stuff according to any of claims 1 to 5 comprising from 1 to 4% of the acid.
7. A ruminant feed stuff according to any of claim 1 to 6 in which the alkaline agent is from 1 to 10% of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate, or 0.3 to 1.5% of sodium hydroxide, or 0.5 to 5% of ammonia.
8. A ruminant feed stuff according to any of claims 1 to 7 comprising 0.03 to 0.2% of formaldehyde, 1 to 5% of sodium bicarbonate, 1 to 2% of acetic acid, 1 to 2% of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 2% of suspension agent, and 0 to 20% of water.
9. A ruminant feed stuff according to claim 8 comprising 1 to 2% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 to 0.2% of suspension agent, and 10 to 18% of water.
10. A ruminantfeed stuff according to any of claims 1 to 9 comprising 2 to 8% of urea.
11. Aruminantfeedstuffaccordingtoclaim 10 comprising 1 to 5% of urea.
12. A ruminant feed stuff according to any of claims 1 to 11 comprising monensin sodium or avoparcin as growth promoter.
13. A ruminant feed stuff according to any of claims 1 to 12 comprising suspended dry protein.
14. A ruminant feed stuff according to claim 13 in which the amount of suspended dry protein is up to 20%.
15. A ruminant feed stuff according to claim 14 in which the amount of suspended dry protein is 12 to 17.5%.
16. A ruminant feed stuff as hereinbefore defined in Example A or B.
17. A ruminant feed stuff as hereinbefore defined in Example C, D, E or F.
18. A method of feeding ruminants comprising administering thereto a ruminant feed stuff according to any of claims 1 to 17.
19. Use of a ruminant feed stuff according to any of claims 1 to 17 in the feeding of ruminants.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7940219A GB2037563B (en) | 1978-11-27 | 1979-11-21 | Ruminant feed stuff |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7846100 | 1978-11-27 | ||
| GB7940219A GB2037563B (en) | 1978-11-27 | 1979-11-21 | Ruminant feed stuff |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2037563A true GB2037563A (en) | 1980-07-16 |
| GB2037563B GB2037563B (en) | 1983-03-09 |
Family
ID=26269742
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7940219A Expired GB2037563B (en) | 1978-11-27 | 1979-11-21 | Ruminant feed stuff |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2037563B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0043202A3 (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1982-02-24 | Inova Investments Limited | Additive composition for animal feedingstuff |
| EP0154959A3 (en) * | 1984-03-14 | 1986-09-17 | DOX-AL ITALIA S.p.A. | Complete, integrated liquid feed for livestock use |
| BE1001945A3 (en) * | 1987-11-19 | 1990-04-17 | Cooperatieve Condensafabriek F | PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF CHIPS PRODUCT BASED ON Delactosed whey. |
-
1979
- 1979-11-21 GB GB7940219A patent/GB2037563B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0043202A3 (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1982-02-24 | Inova Investments Limited | Additive composition for animal feedingstuff |
| EP0154959A3 (en) * | 1984-03-14 | 1986-09-17 | DOX-AL ITALIA S.p.A. | Complete, integrated liquid feed for livestock use |
| BE1001945A3 (en) * | 1987-11-19 | 1990-04-17 | Cooperatieve Condensafabriek F | PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF CHIPS PRODUCT BASED ON Delactosed whey. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2037563B (en) | 1983-03-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19921121 |