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GB2033004A - Fluid injection valve - Google Patents

Fluid injection valve Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2033004A
GB2033004A GB7933058A GB7933058A GB2033004A GB 2033004 A GB2033004 A GB 2033004A GB 7933058 A GB7933058 A GB 7933058A GB 7933058 A GB7933058 A GB 7933058A GB 2033004 A GB2033004 A GB 2033004A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fluid injection
valve
fluid
valve element
seating surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB7933058A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Publication of GB2033004A publication Critical patent/GB2033004A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/188Spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0632Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a spherically or partly spherically shaped armature, e.g. acting as valve body
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/08Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1853Orifice plates

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

The valve seat has a substantially semi-spherical seating surface 26b and a spherical valve element 20 is seatable on the seating surface. A plurality of fluid injection nozzles 40 are formed to extend through the valve seat. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Fluid injection valve This invention relates to improvements in a ball type fluid injection valve including a ball or spherical valve element.
Ball type fluid injection valves including a ball or spherical valve element are advantageous, as compared with other type fluid injection valves including a valve element adapted to slide in a valve guide or body, in that they are operable at higher speed and with greater responsiveness. In such conventional ball type fluid injection valves, any attempt to meet requirements for greater responsiveness causes a corresponding reduction in the stability and the linearity of the flow characteristics of the fluid discharged therethrough. This arises mainly from the conventional valve structure wherein there is formed only one fluid injection nozzle.
It is therefore one object of the present invention to provide an improved fluid injection valve which can inject a controlled amount of fluid with great accuracy and great responsiveness.
According to the present invention, a fluid injection valve includes a valve seat having its upper portion contoured to form a substantially semi-spherical seating surface and a spherical valve element seatable on the seating surface, characterised in that a plurality of fluid injection nozzles is formed to extend through the valve seat.
The following explanation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will help in the understanding thereof, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which, however, should not be taken as limiting the present invention in any way, but which are given for purposes of illustration only and of which:: Figure 1 is a sectional view of a conventional fluid injection valve of the type including a ball valve element, Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the fluid injection valve of Fig. 1, Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view showng the significant portion of the fluid injection valve of the present invention, Figure 4 is a bottom view of the valve seat of the fluid injection valve of Fig. 3, and Figure 5 is a graph of drive pulse width versus injected fluid amount showing comparative performance of two fluid injection valves, one formed with a single fluid injection nozzle and the other formed with a plurality of fluid injection nozzles made in accordance with the present invention.
Prior to the description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the prior art fluid injection valve shown in Figs. 1 and 2 will be described briefly in order specifically to point out the difficulties attendant thereon.
The fluid injection valve shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is suitable for use in a fuel injection system and comprises a main pole 10 surrounded by a magnetising coil 12. The main pole 10 is formed with a fluid conduit 14 axially extending therethrough and opening into a fluid chamber 1 6 which is formed in the lower portion of the main pole 1 0. A plurality of fluid passages 1 8 extend transversely through the side wall of the fluid chamber 1 6.
The fluid injection valve also comprises a ball or spherical valve element 20 formed of magnetic material. The valve element 20 is located in the space defined by the main pole 10, a side pole 22, and a valve seat 24. The valve seat 24 has its upper portion contoured to form a semi-spherical or conically-tapered seating surface 26 and the main pole 10 has its lower portion shaped to form a partially spherical or conically-tapered seating surface 28 facing the seating surface 26. The valve seat 24 is formed centrally with a single fluid injection nozzle 30 extending therethrough in alignment with the axis of the valve.
When the magnetising coil 1 2 is energised, the valve element 20 is lifted from the seating surface 26 of the valve seat 24 and seated on the seating surface 28 of the main pole 10 and this allows flow of fluid through the fluid conduit 14 to the fluid chamber 1 6 and hence through the fluid passage 1 8 and the annular gap defined by the valve element 20 and the side pole 22 and injection of fluid through the fluid injection nozzle 30. The side pole 22 serves to centre the magnetic forces exerted on the valve element 20.
The amount of the fluid introduced into the fluid injection nozzle 30 varies depending on the lift H of the valve element 20 i.e. the distance of vertical movement of the valve element 30 lifted from the seating surface 26 and seated on the seating surface 28 when the magnetising coil 1 2 is energised. Thus, the lift H of the valve element 20 should be so selected as to permit a required amount of fluid to be injected through the fluid injection nozzle 30.Assuming now that D is the diameter of the fluid injection nozzle 30, the area of the peripheral surface of the cylinder existing between the opening of the fluid injection nozzle 30 and the valve element 20 seated on the seating surface 28 (hereinafter referred to as the fluid introduction area) is sTDH and the area of the opening of the fluid injection nozzle 30 (hereinafter referred to as the nozzle opening area) is 1sTD2. If the fluid introduction area DH is not sufficiently larger than the nozzle opening area 4sTD2, the amount of the fluid injected theough the fluid injection nozzle 30 will vary widely with variations on tolerance in the lift H of the valve element 30.
Moreover, since the valve element 20 is spherical and the seating surfaces 26 and 28 are of partially spherical or conically tapered shape, variations in the lift H of the valve element 20 are usually larger than variations occurring upon formation of the fluid injection nozzle 30. Accordingly, in order to stabilise the amount of the fluid injected through the fluid injection nozzle 30, the fluid introduction area 7TDH should be much larger than the nozzle opening area i7rD2; that is srDH i7rD2.
Solving this inequality for H gives H D/4 (1) This means that the lift H of the valve element 20 should be sufficiently larger than one fourth the diameter of the fluid injection nozzle 30. However, any attempt to increase the lift H of the valve element 20 will cause a corresponding reduction in the responsiveness, stability and durability of the fluid injection valve. Accordingly, it has been necessary to limit the fluid introduction area srDH to a small value so as to meet requirements for responsiveness at the sacriface of the stability of the amount of the fluid discharged through the valve.
Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, there is illustrated one embodiment of a fluid injection nozzle made in accordance with the present invention which is generally the same as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 except that a plurality of fluid injection nozzles are formed in the valve seat 24. Accordingly, parts in Figs. 3 and 4 which are the same as parts in Figs. 1 and 2 have been given the same reference character. In the embodiment, a plurality of fluid injection nozzles 40 (8 nozzles in the illustrated case) is formed to extend through the valve seat 24.
Assuming that the number of the formed fluid injection nozzles 40 is n and the diameter of each of the openings of the fluid injection nozzles 40 is d, the total of the nozzle opening area is n/4sTd2 Since the total nozzle opening area corresponds to the nozzle opening area i7rD2 described in connection with the Figs. 1 and 2 fluid injection valve having a single fluid injection nozzle, n/4a7d2 = anD2.
Solving this equation for dives d = D/n (2) Assuming also that h is the lift of the valve element 20, the total of the fluid introduction area is nlTdh. Since the total fluid introduction area should be sufficiently larger than the total nozzle opening area in order to stabilize the amount of the fluid injection through the fluid injection nozzles 40, n7rdh n/47rd2 (3) Substituting equation (2) into inequality (3), there is obtained n.h D/4 (4) Furthermore, between the limiting values required for stabilising the amount of the fluid discharged through the valves, the following relationship is given from inequalities (1) and (4):: H=g.h (5) This equation shows that as compared with the lift H of the valve element 20 described in connection with the Figs. 1 and 2 fluid injection valve having a single fluid injection nozzle 30, the limiting value of the lift h of the valve element 20 can be reduced to H/V in a fluid injection valve having 8 fluid injection nozzles 40 as shown in Fig. 4, to H/'Y4 in a fluid injection valve having 4 fluid injection nozzles 40, and to H/ < 2 in a fluid injection valve having 1 2 fluid injection nozzles 40.
Accordingly, a fluid injection valve embodying the present invention has a valve element that is given a very smaller lift so as to provide increased responsive and durability with the same stability in the amount of the fluid discharged therethrough as compared with conventional fluid injection valves. Furthermore, if the importance of the responsive of the fluid injection valve and the lift h of the valve element is the same as one has been, the total fluid introduction area n7rdh is n times the fluid introduction area smDH to provide much higher stability as compared with conventional fluid injection valves.This is given by substituting equation (2) as nsTdh/7rDH = n.d/r.d = (6) It is therefore apparent from equations (5) and (6) that a fluid injection valve embodying the present invention is remarkably improved both in responsive and stability as compared to conventional fluid injection valves if the lift h of the valve element is suitably selected to meet a condition of H/Vn < h < H.
In order to illustrate the effects obtainable by the present invention, reference is made to Fig. 5. Here, the relative response of the fluid injection valves is compared by plotting the pulse width of the drive signal applied thereto against the amount of the petrol discharged therethrough. Curve X indicated by the broken line relates to a conventional fluid injection valve having a 5mm diameter ball valve element given a lift of 0.18mm and a 0.72mm diameter fluid injection nozzle. Curve Y indicated by the solid line relates to a fluid injection valve embodying the present invention and which has a 5mm diameter ball valve element given a lift of 0.088mm and four 0.36mm diameter fluid injection nozzles.As can be seen in Fig. 5, curve X becomes linear at a pulse width of 2.18meet and higher (or at a pulse frequency of 459 Hz and lower) and curve Y becomes linear at a pulse width of 1.60meet or higher (or at a pulse frequency of 625Hz or lower). Thus, the response of the fluid injection valve of the present invention is improved more than 30% as compared with the conventional fluid injection valve. A fluid injection valve having 8 fluid injection nozzles of 0.255mm in diameter and a valve element given a lift of 0.255mm had a response improved more than 50%. It is preferable that the ratio of the diameter of the valve element to the diameter of the fluid injection valves is selected to be less than 10% when considering the sealing property of the valve.
Since the fluid injection valve of the present invention has a plurality of fluid injection nozzles, the injected fluid (normally fuel) can be fully mixed with air, finely divided and fully distributed. Although the fluid injection nozzles 40 may extend through the valve seat 24 in parallel with the axis of the valve, they are preferably orientated to converge toward a point lying on the axis of the valve so as to enhance these effects.
Although the seating surface 26 of the valve seat 24 may have a radius of curvature equal to the radius of the valve element 20 in order to provide a good sealing property and stabilise the direction of movement of the valve element, fine dust passing a fluid filter (not shown) would adhere to the seating surface 26 to float the valve element 20 off the seating surface 26 thereby spoiling the sealing property and the stability in the direction of movement of the valve element.In order to eliminate such an undesirable possibility, the seating surface 26 is formed with a centre portion 26a having a radius Rs of curvature slightly smaller than the radius of curvature of the outside portion 26 b of the seating surface 26 surrounding the centre portion 26a so that a fluid pit 42 is formed between the seating surface 26b and the valve element 20 seated thereon and the fluid injection nozzles open into the fluid pit 42. The difference between the radii of curvature Rs and Rb is determined by the mesh of the fluid filter. For example, the depth of the fluid pit 42 is more than 20 microns if the fluid filter is adapted to pass dust less than 20 microns in size. Since the depth of the fluid pit 42 is very small, there is no possibility of fluid dropping when the valve is closed.
It is therefore apparent from the foregoing that there has been provided, in accordance with the present invention, a fluid injection having a plurality of fluid injection nozzles for injecting a controlled amount of fluid with greater accuracy and greater responsive to a drive signal having a wider range of frequen cies. With the fluid injection valve of the present invention, the fluid injected through the fuel injection nozzles can be fully mixed with air, finely divided, and fully distributed.
While the present invention has been de scribed in conjunction with a specific embodi ment thereof, it is evident that many alterna tives, modifications and variations will be ap parent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended

Claims (5)

claims. CLAIMS
1. A fluid injection valve including a valve seat having its upper portion contoured to form a substantially semispherical seating sur face and a spherical valve element seatable on said seating surface, characterised in that there is a plurality of fluid injection nozzles extending through said valve seat.
2. A fluid injection valve according to claim 1, in which said fluid injection nozzles extend in parallel with the axis of said valve.
3. A fluid injection valve according to Claim 1, in which said fluid injection nozzles converge towards a point lying on the axis of said valve.
4. A fluid injection valve according to claim 1, in which said seating surface has a centre portion with a radius of curvature slightly smaller than the radius of said valve element and its outside portion with a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of said valve element so that a fluid pit is formed between said seating surface and said valve element seated thereon and said fluid injection nozzles open into said fluid pit.
5. A fluid injection valve substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated by Figs. 3, 4 and 5 of the accom panying drawings.
GB7933058A 1978-09-22 1979-09-24 Fluid injection valve Withdrawn GB2033004A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1978130424U JPS5546576U (en) 1978-09-22 1978-09-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2033004A true GB2033004A (en) 1980-05-14

Family

ID=15033905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB7933058A Withdrawn GB2033004A (en) 1978-09-22 1979-09-24 Fluid injection valve

Country Status (4)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5546576U (en)
DE (1) DE2938036A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2436887A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2033004A (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4531678A (en) * 1982-08-18 1985-07-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injection valve
US4531679A (en) * 1981-04-29 1985-07-30 Solex (U.K.) Limited Electromagnetically-operable fluid injection
US4585174A (en) * 1983-04-02 1986-04-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electro-magnetically operable valve
US5820032A (en) * 1995-10-07 1998-10-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electromagnetically activated valve, particularly a fuel injection valve
FR2816992A1 (en) * 2000-11-23 2002-05-24 Bosch Gmbh Robert I.c. engine fuel injector has discharge chamber linked to fuel return system and cavity in pintle with sealing ball connected to discharge chamber
WO2003033907A1 (en) * 2001-10-13 2003-04-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel-injection valve
WO2004065783A1 (en) 2003-01-17 2004-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Valve and method for production of a valve
EP1867869A1 (en) * 1997-11-26 2007-12-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Fuel injection valve
GB2552673A (en) * 2016-08-02 2018-02-07 Delphi Int Operations Luxembourg Sarl SCR doser spray atomization
WO2019238329A1 (en) * 2018-06-12 2019-12-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Valve and high-pressure fuel pump and production thereof

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0348786B1 (en) * 1988-06-28 1992-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electromagnetic fuel-injection valve
JP2518031Y2 (en) * 1990-12-19 1996-11-20 株式会社ユニシアジェックス Fuel injection valve
JP2568323B2 (en) * 1991-06-28 1997-01-08 株式会社日立製作所 Nozzle with valve seat, method of manufacturing the same, and solenoid valve
DE4141930B4 (en) * 1991-12-19 2007-02-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electromagnetically actuated injection valve
DE4445358A1 (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Valve and method of making a valve
DE102019107836A1 (en) * 2018-06-12 2019-12-12 Marco Systemanalyse Und Entwicklung Gmbh Jet valve

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB350731A (en) * 1930-06-19 1931-06-18 Arthur Robinson Kirkham Improvements in fuel sprayers for internal combustion engines
GB348958A (en) * 1930-07-18 1931-05-21 Herbert Vincent Senior Improvements in fuel injection devices for internal combustion engines
FR779565A (en) * 1933-10-12 1935-04-09 Prec Mecanique Improvements made to injector devices, especially those for internal combustion engines
NL53757C (en) * 1939-01-20
FR2166734A5 (en) * 1972-01-06 1973-08-17 Peugeot & Renault
FR2180753A1 (en) * 1972-12-01 1973-11-30 Plessey Handel Investment Ag
US4030668A (en) * 1976-06-17 1977-06-21 The Bendix Corporation Electromagnetically operated fuel injection valve

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4531679A (en) * 1981-04-29 1985-07-30 Solex (U.K.) Limited Electromagnetically-operable fluid injection
US4531678A (en) * 1982-08-18 1985-07-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injection valve
US4585174A (en) * 1983-04-02 1986-04-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electro-magnetically operable valve
US5820032A (en) * 1995-10-07 1998-10-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electromagnetically activated valve, particularly a fuel injection valve
EP1867869A1 (en) * 1997-11-26 2007-12-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Fuel injection valve
FR2816992A1 (en) * 2000-11-23 2002-05-24 Bosch Gmbh Robert I.c. engine fuel injector has discharge chamber linked to fuel return system and cavity in pintle with sealing ball connected to discharge chamber
WO2003033907A1 (en) * 2001-10-13 2003-04-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel-injection valve
WO2004065783A1 (en) 2003-01-17 2004-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Valve and method for production of a valve
GB2552673A (en) * 2016-08-02 2018-02-07 Delphi Int Operations Luxembourg Sarl SCR doser spray atomization
GB2552673B (en) * 2016-08-02 2020-02-19 Delphi Tech Ip Ltd SCR doser spray atomization
WO2019238329A1 (en) * 2018-06-12 2019-12-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Valve and high-pressure fuel pump and production thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2436887A1 (en) 1980-04-18
JPS5546576U (en) 1980-03-26
DE2938036A1 (en) 1980-03-27

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WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)