GB2032405A - Vanadium pentoxide colloidal solution - Google Patents
Vanadium pentoxide colloidal solution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2032405A GB2032405A GB7921904A GB7921904A GB2032405A GB 2032405 A GB2032405 A GB 2032405A GB 7921904 A GB7921904 A GB 7921904A GB 7921904 A GB7921904 A GB 7921904A GB 2032405 A GB2032405 A GB 2032405A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- vanadium pentoxide
- antistatic
- oxide
- composition
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940039748 oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007754 air knife coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- RSEIMSPAXMNYFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Eu]O[Eu]=O RSEIMSPAXMNYFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011876 fused mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003791 organic solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxosilver Chemical class [Ag]=O OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000299 transition metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/16—Anti-static materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/85—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antistatic additives or coatings
- G03C1/853—Inorganic compounds, e.g. metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
- G11B5/7368—Non-polymeric layer under the lowermost magnetic recording layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
- G11B5/7368—Non-polymeric layer under the lowermost magnetic recording layer
- G11B5/7373—Non-magnetic single underlayer comprising chromium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
- G11B5/739—Magnetic recording media substrates
- G11B5/73923—Organic polymer substrates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
- G11B5/739—Magnetic recording media substrates
- G11B5/73923—Organic polymer substrates
- G11B5/73927—Polyester substrates, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
An antistatic composition is made by heating to a temperature of at least 100 degrees C above the melting point of vanadium pentoxide a mixture which contains at least 80 per cent by weight of vanadium pentoxide and a remainder consisting of an alkali metal, transition metal or rare earth element oxide and pouring the molten mixture into water to form a colloidal solution. The composition so made may be diluted with a water-miscible organic solvent and may contain a binder to improve the mechanical properties of an antistatic layer produced therefrom. An antistatic layer formed from a composition of the invention is useful for a variety of articles and especially for the supports of photographic and magnetic recording materials.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Antistatic compositions and articles comprising antistatic coatings prepared therefrom
This invention relates to a method of making antistatic compositions.
It is well known that the surfaces of articles made from electrically insulating substances, such as plastics materials, tend to become electrically charged and that such charges can have harmful effects.
For example, a static discharge occurring during the manufacture or use of a sensitive photographic film may be recorded by the film to produce an unwanted image. The tendency for static charges to be generated, and for them to persist after generation, can be reduced or overcome by coating the surface concerned with a layer of relatively high electrical conductivity formed from an antistatic composition.
In French patent specification No. 2,318,4442 there is described a method of making an antistatic composition which comprises heating vanadium pentoxide, or a mixture containing at least 80% by weight of vanadium pentoxide, the remainder comprising a glass former such as a phosphate or polyphosphate of sodium, and optionally comprising another oxide such as molybdenum trioxide, to a temperature at least 100 degrees C above the melting point of vanadium pentoxide and pouring the molten mass rapidly into distilled water at room temperature so as to form a colloidal solution. For this result to be obtained, the molten mass should enter the water at a temperature well above (say, at least 50 degrees C above) its melting point.
We have found that if this fusion-quenching technique is applied to a mixture containing at least 80% by weight of vanadium pentoxide and another oxide (the nature of which is specified below) a glass-former need not be present.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of making an antistatic composition which comprises heating to a temperature at least 100 degrees C above the melting point of vanadium pentoxide a mixture which contains at least 80% by weight of vanadium pentoxide and a remainder which consists of an alkali metal, transition metal or rare earth element oxide and pouring the molten mixture into water to form a colloidal solution.
Also provided in accordance with the invention is an antistatic composition made by the method of the invention and an antistatic layer made by coating a surface with, and drying, a layer of an antistatic composition of the invention.
In carrying out a method of the invention it is preferred to use distilled water and for the water to be initially at the ambient temperature. It is also preferred for the temperature of the melt to be high enough for the molten mixture to enter the water at a temperature at least 50 degrees C above the melting point (6900C) of vanadium pentoxide. A temperature of at least 100000 is preferred.
An antistatic layer of the invention may contain, for a given resistivity, approximately half the quantity of vanadium pentoxide contained in a layer made by the method described in the French patent specification No. 2,318,442. Some of the antistatic layers of the invention exhibit such a low coloration that their optical densities are not measurable. Layers containing lithium or silver oxides have rather low resistivity values, 0.2 GQ for lithium (5 mg of V205 per m2) and 0.35 GQ for silver (7.2 mg of V20s per m2).
The alkali metal, transition metal, or rare earth element oxide may be provided by a compound, preferably an oxalate or carbonate, which decomposes at the fusion temperature to give that oxide. The quantity of compound used is such as to give a maximum of 20% by weight of the corresponding oxide in the fused mixture.
Lithium is preferably used as an alkali metal; chromium, manganese, copper, zinc, niobium and silver are preferably used as transition metals; and neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, ytterbium and europium are preferably used as rare earth metals.
The resulting aqueous solutions may be diluted by organic solvents. The presence of organic solvents in the antistatic compositions makes it possible to incorporate therein various binders consisting of natural, artificial or synthetic high polymers that improve their mechanical properties, and may impart specific properties such as the possibility of being removable during photographic processing, and a friction coefficient adapted for a particular use. The presence of a binder may be desirable to facilitate the adhesion of the layer to the support or to a subsequent overcoating. However, the addition of binders to the antistatic compositions is not essential for layer formation because the antistatic substances have the properties of a polymer.Useful binders include, for instance, cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetophthalate, cellulose etherphthalate, methylcelluloses, soluble polyamides, styrene and maleic anhydride copolymers, copolymers prepared as emulsions such as methyl acrylate, vinylidene chloride and itaconic acid polymers.
The fusion of the pulverised substances can be carried out in any appropriate device, especially in a muffle furnace or in a solar furnace.
In carrying out the invention, the mixture of vanadium pentoxide and the other oxide is melted at a temperature at least 10000 above the melting temperature of vanadium pentoxide. The melting temperature is preferably about 1 000 C, a temperature for which the resulting layers exhibit the lowest surface resistivity values.
The melt can be poured preferably in an amount giving a concentration of up to 60 grams per litre, continuously into distilled water. The height of the fall of the melt is conveniently between 2 m and 1 5 cm. While the melt is being poured, the water is vigorously stirred by any appropriate device.
A gel is obtained that may then be diluted with water or with a water organic solvent mixture, such as a water and acetone mixture. The concentration of the antistatic substance may be varied according to the properties desired. Satisfactory results are obtained with a concentration of 0.1% by weight of antistatic substance.
An antistatic layer according to the invention may be coated on a large variety of supports, e.g.
cellulose ester supports such as cellulose acetate and cellulose acetobutyrate supports, polyester supports such as those of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and supports of polycarbonates, poly(ethylene and 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate-co-isophthalate) and polyolefins.
Various methods may be used to coat the antistatic coating composition on the chosen support. It is possible to use a dip roll which is immersed in the composition to be coated and a roller around which the support to be coated is passed thereby creating a coating bead of solution at the nip. Any conventional methods may also be used, such as hopper coating, air knife coating or brush coating.
The antistatic layers according to the invention are preferably coated on the support concerned at coverages lower than 10 mg of vanadium pentoxide per square metre in order to eliminate or substantially reduce pollution hazards.
The antistatic layers produced by the method of the invention may be permanent or temporary, according to the use for which the products bearing them are intended. To render the layers permanent or to improve their mechanical properties, in particular the friction coefficient, it is possible to overcoat them with a composition capable of imparting the desired properties, e.g. a lubricant or a composition containing a binder, such as a cellulose derivative (e.g. cellulose etherphthalate). A protective coating may contain both a lubricant and a binder as well as other compounds such as a matting agent.
The antistatic compositions of the invention are very suitable for use on photographic film supports and magnetic film supports. They may be coated on the side of the support that does not carry a sensitive layer, or as an underlayer or over the sensitive layer.
The following examples illustrate the invention.
EXAMPLE 1
Control Test A Vanadium pentoxide was placed in a platinum crucible and heated at 1 0000C for 5 minutes in a muffle furnace, then the melt was poured into vigorously stirred distilled water. A quantity of the colloidal solution so produced containing 0.1 g of vanadium pentoxide was incorporated as a colloidal dispersion into a hydroketonic solution containing 10 parts of distilled water to 90 parts of acetone by volume.
The resulting composition was coated on a cellulose triacetate film at a coverage of 19 mg per m2.
Control Test B
A coating composition as used for test A was coated on a cellulose triacetate support at a coverage of 8 mg/m2.
The surface resistivity values of the layers obtained from Control tests A and B are given in Table I.
TABLE I
Surface resistivity Coverage in (G# Element mg of Tests added V20Jm2 15% RH 50% RH 19 1 0.9 (Control) B - 8 3 2 (Control) Tests 1 to 4
For each test, 40 g of an intimate mixture of pulverised vanadium pentoxide and silver oxide in the relative proportions quoted in table II was placed in a platinum crucible and heated for 5 minutes in a muffle furnace at 10000 C. The melt was then poured rapidly into one litre of vigorously stirred distilled water.
Each colloidal dispersion só obtained, was diluted to a concentration of 0.1% by weight of
antistatic substance in a water/acetone mixture (10:90 by volume). The resulting solution was coated
on a cellulose triacetate support.
The surface resistivity values are given in table II.
TABLE II (muffle furnace)
Surface resistivity Quantity by Coverage | (Gi2) Element weight/100 g in mg of Test added of V2O5 V2O5/m2 15% RH 50% RH 1 Ag 0.5 g 7.6 3 1 (oxide) 3 2 Ag 4.4 g 7.6 0.8 0.3 (oxide) 3 Ag 6.2 g 7.7 0.4 0.26 (oxide) 4 Ag 8.8 g 7.2 0.35 0.1 (oxide) EXAMPLE 2
In the test of this example, pulverised vanadium pentoxide and transition metal oxides or carbonates were intimately mixed. These mixtures were melted and poured into water as described in
Example 1. Each resulting colloidal dispersion was diluted to obtain a concentration of 0.1% by weight of antistatic substance in a water/acetone mixture (10:90 by volume). The resulting solutions were coated on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) support. The quantities by weight of oxides or carbonates added to 1 00 g of V20s, the coverage ratios (in mg of V205 per m2) and the resistivity values are set forth in Table Ill.
TABLE Ill
Surface resistivity Quantity by Coverage (GQ) Element weight/100 g in mg of 15% RH 50% RH Test added of V2Os V2Os/m 5 Cr 5.9 g 9.4 3 0.8 (oxide-Cr203) 6 Cr 6.6 g 6 2 1.6 (oxideCr203) 7 Mn 1.3 g 6.8 0.75 0.75 (carbon ate-Mn CO3) 8 Cu 4.5 g 4.4 0.7 - (oxi de-Cu20) 9 Zn 4g 8 2 0.9 (oxide) ZnO 10 Nb 16 g 7 0.5 0.4 (oxide)Nb2O5 The layers obtained with chromium, manganese or zinc were not so yellow as those that contained only vanadium pentoxide and exhibited a lower optical density.
EXAMPLE 3
A colloidal dispersion was prepared by the process of Example 2 from 1 g of lithium oxide (Li203) for 100 g of vanadium pentoxide. As in that Example, it was diluted and the resulting solution was coated on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) support, at a coverage of 5 mg of vanadium pentoxide per m2.
The surface resistivity at 15% RH was 0.2 GQ.
EXAMPLE 4
In the tests of this Example, rare earth metal oxides, oxalates or carbonates were used. The process for preparing the layers was that of Example 2. The quantities in grams per 100 g of vanadium pentoxide and the surface resistivity values are set forth in Table IV.
TABLE IV
Surface resistivity Quantity by Coverage (GQ) Element weight/100 g in mg of /0RH Test added of V2O, V2Os/m2 15% RH 50% RH 13 Nd 12.6 g 6 7 2 (Carbonate) Nd2(CO,)3, 8H2O 9 1 0.5 14 Sm 9.9 g 6 2 0.4 (Oxal ate) Sm2(C204)3, 10H2O 7 0.6 0.09 15 Gd 9.6 g 5 3 0.3 (Oxal ate) Gd2(C204)3. 10H2O 9 0.7 0.2 16 Yb 9.1 g 4 4 0.1 (Oxal ate) Yb#(C204)3, 1 H2 17 Eu 4.6 g 4 0.3 0.5 (Oxide) Eu2O3
Claims (18)
1. A method of making an antistatic composition which comprises heating to a temperature at least 100 degrees C above the melting point of vanadium pentoxide a mixture which contains at least 80% by weight of vanadium pentoxide and a remainder which consists of an alkali metal, transition metal or rare earth element oxide and pouring the molten mixture into water to form a colloidal solution.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the remainder consists of the oxide of the alkali metal lithium.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the remainder consists of an oxide of one of the transition metals chromium, manganese, copper, zinc, niobium and silver.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the remainder consists of an oxide of one of the rare earth elements neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium and ytterbium.
5. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the remainder is provided by a compound which decomposes at the heating temperature to give the alkali metal, transition metal or rare earth element oxide.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the said compound is an oxalate or carbonate.
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the mixture is heated to a temperature of at least 10000 C.
8. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the colloidal solution is mixed with a solution of a polymeric binder.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the solution of the polymeric binder contains a watermiscible.organic solvent.
10. A method according to claim 1 substantially as described in any of the Examples 1 to 4 herein.
1 1. An antistatic composition made by a method according to any of claims 1 to 10.
12. A method of making an antistatic layer which comprises coating a substrate with a layer of a composition according to claim 11.
13. An article comprising an antistatic layer formed from a composition made by a method according to any of claims 1 to 10.
14. An article according to claim 13 wherein the antistatic layer contains less than 10 mg of vanadium pentoxide per square metre.
1 5. An article according to claim 13 or 14 which comprises a film of artificial or synthetic polymeric material.
16. An article according to claim 15 wherein the polymeric material is cellulose triacetate or poly(ethylene terephthalate).
17. An article according to claim 15 or 16 which is a sensitive photographic material comprising at least one radiation-sensitive layer coated on the film of polymeric material.
18. An article according to claim 15 or 16 which is a recording material comprisig a magnetic recording layer coated on the film of polymeric material.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7818784A FR2429252A2 (en) | 1978-06-23 | 1978-06-23 | NEW PRODUCT, ESPECIALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC, WITH ANTISTATIC LAYER AND METHOD FOR ITS PREPARATION |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2032405A true GB2032405A (en) | 1980-05-08 |
| GB2032405B GB2032405B (en) | 1982-09-08 |
Family
ID=9209886
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7921904A Expired GB2032405B (en) | 1978-06-23 | 1979-06-22 | Vanadium pentoxide colloidal solution |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS555982A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2925370C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2429252A2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2032405B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1165102B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7904917A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993024584A1 (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1993-12-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Vanadium oxide colloidal dispersions and antistatic coatings |
| US5407603A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1995-04-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Vanadium oxide colloidal dispersons and antistatic coatings |
| US5468498A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1995-11-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Sulfopolymer/vanadium oxide antistatic compositions |
| WO1996016355A1 (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-05-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Photographic element comprising antistatic layer and process for making an element having antistatic properties |
| US5609969A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-03-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Static dissipative electronic packaging article |
| US5637368A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1997-06-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Adhesive tape having antistatic properties |
| US6063556A (en) * | 1993-11-29 | 2000-05-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Radiographic material with improved antistatic properties utilizing colloidal vanadium oxide |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2949192B2 (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1999-09-13 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Silver halide photographic material |
| FR2681852B1 (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-12-17 | Kodak Pathe | PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS PREPARATION OF VANADIUM PENTOXIDE GELS AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS. |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2519403A1 (en) * | 1974-04-30 | 1975-11-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | CARRIER MATERIAL AND ITS USE IN A PHOTOGRAPHICAL RECORDING MATERIAL |
| FR2277136A1 (en) * | 1974-07-02 | 1976-01-30 | Kodak Pathe | Antistatic compsn. for (electro)photographic and magnetic prods. - comprising glass forming oxide and transition metal oxide, insensitive to humidity |
| FR2303310A1 (en) * | 1975-03-07 | 1976-10-01 | Kodak Pathe | Antistatic aq. soln. of vitreous cpd. - obtd. by fusion of alkali metal polyphosphate and transition metal oxide, for photographic, cinematographic or magnetic prods. |
| FR2318442A1 (en) * | 1975-07-15 | 1977-02-11 | Kodak Pathe | NEW PRODUCT, IN PARTICULAR, PHOTOGRAPHIC, ANTISTATIC COATING AND PROCESS FOR ITS PREPARATION |
-
1978
- 1978-06-23 FR FR7818784A patent/FR2429252A2/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-06-20 IT IT23737/79A patent/IT1165102B/en active
- 1979-06-22 GB GB7921904A patent/GB2032405B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-22 NL NL7904917A patent/NL7904917A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-06-22 DE DE2925370A patent/DE2925370C3/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-23 JP JP7868179A patent/JPS555982A/en active Granted
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993024584A1 (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1993-12-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Vanadium oxide colloidal dispersions and antistatic coatings |
| US5407603A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1995-04-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Vanadium oxide colloidal dispersons and antistatic coatings |
| US5468498A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1995-11-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Sulfopolymer/vanadium oxide antistatic compositions |
| US5637368A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1997-06-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Adhesive tape having antistatic properties |
| US6063556A (en) * | 1993-11-29 | 2000-05-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Radiographic material with improved antistatic properties utilizing colloidal vanadium oxide |
| WO1996016355A1 (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-05-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Photographic element comprising antistatic layer and process for making an element having antistatic properties |
| US5914222A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1999-06-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Photographic element comprising antistatic layer |
| US5609969A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-03-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Static dissipative electronic packaging article |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT7923737A0 (en) | 1979-06-20 |
| GB2032405B (en) | 1982-09-08 |
| JPS6326375B2 (en) | 1988-05-30 |
| IT1165102B (en) | 1987-04-22 |
| DE2925370C3 (en) | 1982-03-18 |
| JPS555982A (en) | 1980-01-17 |
| FR2429252B2 (en) | 1984-10-05 |
| FR2429252A2 (en) | 1980-01-18 |
| DE2925370B2 (en) | 1981-03-19 |
| NL7904917A (en) | 1979-12-28 |
| DE2925370A1 (en) | 1980-01-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 19990621 |